Dissertations / Theses: 'Surfaces (Technology) Mechanical wear'

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Erdemir, Ali. "A study of surface metallurgical characteristics of tin coated bearing steels." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20134.

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Cai, Shaobiao. "3D numerical modeling of dry/wet contact mechanics for rough, multilayered elastic-plastic solid surfaces and effects of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity during separation with applications." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1205118488.

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Yen, Yung-Chang. "Modeling of metal cutting and ball burnishing prediction of tool wear and surface properties /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1073065455.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxviii, 254 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Taylan Altan, Dept. of Industrial and Systems Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 240-248).

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Calao, Luis Fernando Montañez. "Coeficiente de atrito estático do par aço AISI H13 temperado e revenido e recobrimento de cromo duro: ensaios em plano inclinado." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/382.

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Capes
Neste trabalho estudou-se a influência de parâmetros de rugosidade e propriedades mecânicas de um aço AISI H13 no coeficiente de atrito estático, ensaiado no sistema plano inclinado. Como contra corpo foi utilizado um recobrimento de cromo duro, considerado idealmente liso. O coeficiente de atrito foi relacionado com a área real de contato, tendo como dados de entrada parâmetros de rugosidade bidimensionais. A rotina de cálculo proposta por McCool (1987) foi aplicada para obtenção de uma estimativa de área de contato, utilizando os parâmetros Rq (rugosidade média quadrática) e RDq (inclinação média quadrática). Foram estudados três conjuntos de amostras, com acabamento superficial produzido por retificação plana e durezas distintas, produzidas por tratamentos térmicos aos corpos de prova. A variação da dureza foi obtida por meio de diferentes temperaturas de duplo revenimento: 540, 600 e 640 °C. Os ensaios de plano inclinado foram conduzidos em uma velocidade de 0,33°/s e uma carga aplicada produzida pelo peso próprio da amostra. Um sensor de movimento é acoplado ao equipamento para detectar o início do deslizamento e permitir a medida de ângulo neste instante. Para análise dos resultados, cada conjunto de amostras foi considerado como sendo diferente em função do tratamento térmico. Além disso, subconjuntos de amostras foram distinguidos em função do parâmetro Rq, por se tratar de um parâmetro médio e que é utilizado diretamente no cálculo da área real de contato. Dessa forma, para cada condição metalúrgica, pode-se verificar a variação do coeficiente de atrito estático com as propriedades mecânicas e superficiais. Foi verificado que, a dureza não apresentou influência no coeficiente de atrito estático, porem, a combinação das propriedades mecânicas e superficiais representada pelo índice de plasticidade apresenta uma relação direta.
In this work was studied the influence of roughness parameters and mechanical properties of the steel AISI H13 in the coefficient of static friction tested in the inclined plane method. The counterbody used was a coating of hard chrome, considered ideally smooth. The coefficient of friction was related to the real area of contact, taking as input bi-dimensional roughness parameters. The routine calculation proposed by McCool (1987) was applied to obtain an estimate of contact area, using the parameters Rq (root mean square roughness) and Rdq (mean square slope). Three sets of samples were studied, with surface finish produced by grinding flat and different hardness, produced by heat treatments to the samples. The variation of hardness was obtained by different double tempering temperatures: 540, 600 and 640 ° C. The inclined plane tests were conducted at a speed of 0.33 °/s and an applied load produced by the self weight of the body. A motion sensor is attached to the equipment to detect the onset of slip and allow the measure of angle instantly. To analyze the results, each set of samples was considered different depending on the heat treatment. In addition, subsets of samples were distinguished in accordance with Rq parameter, because it is an average parameter and it is used directly to calculate the real area of contact. Thus, for each metallurgical condition was possible to see, the variation of the coefficient of static friction with mechanical and surface properties. It was verified that the hardness had no effect on the coefficient of static friction, however, the combination of mechanical and surface properties represented by the plasticity index has a direct relationship.

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Ayyagari, Venkata A. "Surface Degradation Behavior of Bulk Metallic Glasses and High Entropy Alloys." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062863/.

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In this study, the surface degradation behavior was studied for typical examples from bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), metallic glass composites (MGCs) and high entropy alloys (HEAs) alloy systems that are of scientific and commercial interest. The corrosion and wear behavior of two Zr-based bulk metallic glasses, Zr41.2Cu12.5Ni10Ti13.8Be22.5 and Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5, were evaluated in as-cast and thermally relaxed states. Significant improvement in corrosion rate, wear behavior, and friction coefficient was seen for both the alloys after thermal relaxation. Fully amorphous structure was retained with thermal relaxation below the glass transition temperature. This improvement in surface properties was explained by annihilation of free volume, the atomic scale defects in amorphous metals resulting from kinetic freezing. Recently developed MGCs, with in situ crystalline ductile phase, demonstrate a combination of mechanical properties and fracture behavior unseen in known structural metals. The composites showed higher wear rates but lower coefficient of friction compared to monolithic amorphous glasses. No tribolayer formation was seen for the composites in sharp contrast to that of the monolithic metallic glasses. Corrosion was evaluated by open circuit potential (OCP) analysis and potentiodynamic polarization. Site-specific corrosion behavior was studied by scanning vibration electrode technique (SVET) to identify formation of galvanic couples. Scanning kelvin probe microscope was used to map elecropositivity difference between the phases and linked to wear/corrosion behavior. Phases with higher elecropositivity were more susceptible to surface degradation. Wear and corrosion synergy in marine environment was evaluated for two high entropy alloys (HEAs), CoCrFeMnNi and Al0.1CoCrFeNi. Between the two alloys, Al0.1CoCrFeNi showed better wear resistance compared to CoCrFeMnNi in dry and marine conditions due to quicker passivation, a higher magnitude of polarization resistance and significantly larger pitting resistance.

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Aguiar, Herbert César Gonçalves de. "Contribuição ao estudo do torneamento do aço inoxidável superduplex empregando ferramentas de metal duro com revestimentos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264548.

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Orientador: Amauri Hassui
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:22:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aguiar_HerbertCesarGoncalvesde_M.pdf: 11222250 bytes, checksum: a22406ca3de132e13522314dd3490816 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Os aços inoxidáveis superduplex são materiais de estrutura bifásica contendo ferrita e austenita, que garantem ao material boa resistência à corrosão por pitting, resistência mecânica e outras características que tornam o material atrativo para as indústrias: petrolífera, óleo/gás, papel/ celulose e química. As mesmas características que tornam o aço inoxidável superduplex mais resistente dificultam a sua usinagem. Portanto, a definição dos parâmetros de usinagem deve atender ao compromisso de por um lado garantir alta produtividade e por outro não comprometer as características do material na sua aplicação. O presente trabalho consiste no torneamento com lubrificação do aço inoxidável superduplex, variando os parâmetros de usinagem e utilizando ferramentas de metal duro da classe M05-M20 revestidas com TiN/Al2O3/TiCN, Al2O3/TiCN e TiAlN, com o objetivo de investigar os efeitos dos parâmetros de usinagem sobre o mecanismo de desgaste da ferramenta através de micrografias obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e de micro-análise semi-quantitativa através do sistema de espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), a tensão residual induzida no material usinado medida por difração raio-X e a rugosidade na peça. As análises do desgaste da ferramenta mostraram a predominância do mecanismo de adesão/attrition com surgimento de entalhe causado pelo martelamento da rebarba gerada no cavaco durante o torneamento. Isso por sua vez contribuiu ainda mais com a adesão dificultando a remoção do material que aumentou os esforços de corte gerando tensões residuais superficiais compressivas. A ferramenta revestida com TiN/Al2O3/TiCN se destacou por apresentar melhor resultado em termos de vida da ferramenta e menores tensões residuais superficiais de tração no início de vida da ferramenta em relação às ferramentas revestidas com TiAlN e Al2O3/TiCN. A condição de vc = 80 m/min e f = 0,4 mm/rev se destacou dentre todas as classes testadas em termos de produtividade. No entanto, o f = 0,4 mm/rev é prejudicial à integridade superficial gerando tensões trativas e maiores rugosidades
Abstract: The super duplex stainless steels are materials of biphasic structure containing ferrite and austenite, which guarantee a good pitting corrosion resistance, mechanical resistance and other characteristics that make the material attractive to industries: petroleum, oil/gas, paper/cellulose and chemical. The same characteristics that make the super duplex stainless steel more resistant make its machining more difficult. Therefore, the definition of machining parameters should comply with the commitment on the one hand of guaranteeing high productivity and on the other of not compromising the characteristics of the material in its application. This work consists on the turning with lubrication of the super duplex stainless steel, varying the machining parameters and using carbide tools of the grade M05-M20 coated with TiN/Al2O3/TiCN, TiAlN and Al2O3/TiCN, with the objective of investigating the effects of the machining parameters over the tools wear mechanism was also analyzed through micrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by semi-quantitative micro-analysis through the system energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the residual stress induced into machined material measured by X-ray diffraction and the parts roughness. The tool wear analysis showed a predominance of the adherence/attrition mechanism with the appearance of grooves caused by the hammering of the burr generated in the chip during the turning. This, in its turn, contributed even more with the adhesion, making it difficult to remove the material which increased the effort in cutting, generating superficial compressive residual stress. The tool coated with TiN/Al2O3/TiCN highlighted itself for presenting better result in terms of the life of the tool and lower surface residual stresses of tensile at the beginning of tool life in relation to the tools coated with TiAlN and Al2O3/TiCN. The condition of vc = 80 m/min and f = 0,4 mm/rev highlighted itself among all the tested classes in terms of productivity. However, the f = 0,4 mm/rev is prejudicial to the superficial integrity, generating tensile stress and greater roughness
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Spencer, Andrew. "Optimizing surface texture for combustion engine cylinder liners." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Maskinelement, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17001.

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The Piston Ring - Cylinder Liner (PRCL) contact is the single largest contributor to frictional losses in an internal combustion (IC) engine, causing 20-40% of all mechanical losses. If these mechanical losses can be reduced by 10% then vehicle fuel efficiency could be increased by approximately 1.5-2.5%. In todays automotive industry fuel efficiency is one of the most important factors in vehicle design due to increasing concerns about energy security, increasing fuel prices and climate change. The objective of this project is to optimise the cylinder surface texture, which when referring to cylinder liners in this work means the cross-hatch grooves left by the honing process.This work focuses on simulation techniques that can be used to help optimize cylinder liner surface texture to reduce friction while at the same time minimizing oil consumption and wear. Cylinder liner surface topography is investigated with a range of measurement techniques in order to reveal all the important features of the existing surface. Different ways of characterizing surface topography based on both traditional height averaging parametersand functional parameters calculated for a range of different surface measurements are discussed. The different characterization techniques are compared to find the most appropriate way of quantitatively describing surface topographies.A full engine cycle simulation of the PRCL contact has been developed. A homogenization technique was implemented for solving the Reynolds equation. This is a two scale approach where surface roughness is treated on the local scale and surface texture plus global geometry on the global scale. A method for generating artificial surface topography based on real surface measurement data was developed. This allows for the possibility of simulating a wide range of new surface topographies in order to investigate their potential for reducing friction and minimising oil consumption and wear.
Godkänd; 2010; 20101115 (spencer); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Maskinelement/Machine Elements Examinator: Professor Roland Larsson, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Professor Michel Cervantes, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 17 december 2010 kl 13.00 Plats: E231, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Campos, José Alexandre de. "Avaliação experimental do desgaste de canto durante o processo de eletroerosão do AISI H13." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1165.

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A fabricação de moldes e matrizes são ricas em detalhes e geometrias complexas, exigindo tecnologias mais inovadoras e precisas. Um dos processos que se destaca na fabricação de moldes e matrizes, é o de eletroerosão por penetração (Electrical Discharge Machining - EDM). A usinagem por descargas elétricas é classificada como um processo de fabricação de geometria não definida, onde a remoção de material é realizada por repetidas descargas elétricas entre dois eletrodos eletricamente condutores. O desgaste da ferramenta é um dos principais parâmetros de medida no desempenho da usinagem por EDM. O maior problema ocasionado pelo desgaste de canto do eletrodo é a mudança de geometria da ferramenta no decorrer da usinagem, alterando a tolerância geométrica e o dimensional da cavidade. O presente trabalho propõe avaliação dimensional do desgaste de canto do eletrodo, no decorrer da usinagem do processo de EDM, variando o ângulo de superfície frontal do eletrodo. Outro propósito é a criação de um índice, chamado de taxa de arredondamento, que leva em consideração as áreas de desgaste de canto do eletrodo em função da área removida de material da peça. Os resultados mostraram que os eletrodos de cobre, cobre tungstênio e grafite, tem um grande crescimento de raio de canto no inicio da usinagem, estabilizando esses valores com tempo maiores de processo. O ângulo de superfície frontal do eletrodo influência diretamente no desgaste de canto do eletrodo. Os eletrodos de grafite não apresentaram comportamento de arredondamento de desgaste de canto durante os ensaios. Para o índice de taxa de arredondamento os eletrodos de cobre tungstênio tiveram o menor valor apresentado na usinagem do AISI H13.
The manufacture of molds and dies are rich in detail and complex geometries, requiring more innovative and precise technologes. One of the processes that stands out in the manufacture of molds and dies, is to EDM by penetration (Electrical Discharge Machining - EDM). The cutting by electrical discharge is classified as a non-defined geometry manufacturing process where material removal is carried out by repeated electrical discharge between two electrodes electrically conductive. The tool wear is a major measurement parameters in machining performance by EDM. The biggest problem caused by the electrode corner wear is the tool geometry change during the machining by changing the geometric tolerance and dimensional cavity. This paper proposes dimensional evaluation of the electrode corner wear, during the machining of the EDM process, varying the front surface of the electrode angle. Another purpose is to create an index, called rounding rate, which takes into account the areas of electrode corner wear due to the removed area of the workpiece material. The results showed that the copper electrode, copper tungsten and graphite, has a large corner radius growth at the beginning of machining, stabilizing these values with higher process time. The front surface of the electrode angle influence directly on the electrode corner wear. Graphite electrodes showed no corner wear rounding behavior during the tests. For rounding rate index tungsten copper electrodes had the lowest value presented in the machining of AISI H13.

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Vale, João Luiz do. "Influência da microestrutura de ferros fundidos na ocorrência de metal dobrado e no comportamento tribológico de superfícies brunidas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2740.

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O presente trabalho discute a influência da microestrutura dos ferros fundidos, cinzento (FFC) e vermicular (FFV), na ocorrência de metal dobrado (FM) em superfícies brunidas e no comportamento tribológico em ensaio lubrificado do tipo anel sobre cilindro. As amostras de ferro fundido foram extraídas diretamente de um bloco de motor de combustão interna, em regiões de diferentes espessuras. O anel de pistão utilizado foi de aço inoxidável martensítico nitretado com perfil assimétrico e o óleo lubrificante foi o SAE 30 CF monoviscoso. A quantificação de sulcos e de metal dobrado (FM) foi realizada empregando-se uma metodologia baseada na literatura. Para a execução dos ensaios tribológicos foi projetada e construída uma adaptação para a montagem das amostras e controle de temperatura do óleo lubrificante. Um parâmetro para avaliação do desempenho tribológico foi proposto – índice de mérito tribológico (IMT) – que leva em conta coeficiente de atrito (COF) e alterações de topografia. Os ferros fundidos apresentaram microestruturas típicas. Contudo, observaram-se diferenças de morfologia e distribuição da grafita; com maior número de grafitas e menor fração de grafita para os materiais de parede fina. Observou-se FM nos platôs e nos sulcos das superfícies brunidas em todas as amostras. Quantificações mostraram que as larguras dos sulcos foram estatisticamente iguais e com alto percentual de obstrução. A quantificação de FM dos materiais mostrou maiores valores presentes na região do Spk (FMspk) para os FFC's. Os materiais de parede grossa apresentaram maiores valores de % FM dentro do sulco (%FM/Sulco) e este parâmetro teve forte e positiva correlação estatística com a fração de grafita. Evidências, obtidas em avaliações de seções transversais, corroboraram a relação entre FM e grafita. Constatou-se que o FM pode ser formado diretamente sobre a grafita ou, ainda, de forma indireta devido à extrusão desta fase. Ademais, verificou-se que a morfologia e orientação da grafita têm influência na formação do FM. Realizaram-se ensaios preliminares de curta duração de anel sobre cilindro para a avaliação da repetibilidade dos resultados de COF, os quais indicaram menor dispersão para condições com menores frequências e maiores forças normais. Avaliações da dinâmica do ensaio tribológico permitiram apontar relações de redução de COF durante os semi-ciclos de movimento e associá-las à teoria de lubrificação hidrodinâmica. O COF para ensaios de longa duração apresentou comportamento cíclico com transições. Estas transições foram associadas a mecanismos de formação-remoção-formação de tribofilmes de ZDDP. Os ensaios impuseram alterações nos parâmetros de rugosidade (principalmente com alisamento das superfícies) e redução do parâmetro de filme. O IMT evidenciou pouca influência da espessura do material; e melhor desempenho tribológico para os FFV's. A rotina de quantificação de FM mostrou limitação técnica devido ao alisamento da superfície, o que causa mudança na referência de alturas das superfícies brunidas. Ainda assim, verificou-se redução do %FM/Sulco e tendência de desobstrução do sulco. Contatou-se pouca influência do FM no comportamento do COF devido à similaridade dos parâmetros de FM entre os materiais. Contudo, o FM foi associado a um agente de abrasão à três corpos e apresentou forte correlação positiva do parâmetro de FMspk (no início do ensaio) com o parâmetro do IMT relacionado com a alteração de topografia.
The present work discusses the influence of the microstructure of gray cast iron (GCI) and compacted graphite iron (CGI) on the occurrence of folded metal (FM) on honed surfaces and its tribological behavior in ring-on-cylinder test under lubrication. The cast iron samples were taken directly from an internal combustion engine block in regions of different thicknesses. The piston ring used was a nitrided martensitic stainless steel with asymmetrical profile and the lubricant oil was the SAE 30 CF. The quantification of grooves and folded metal (FM) was carried out using a methodology based on the literature. For the execution of the tribological tests an adaptation was designed and built for assembling the samples and for controlling the oil temperature. One parameter to evaluate the tribological performance was proposed - tribological merit index (TMI) - which considers the coefficient of friction (COF) and changes in topography. Each cast iron presented typical microstructures. However, differences in morphology and graphite distribution were observed; the samples from thinner wall presented higher number of graphite and less fraction of graphite. FM was observed on the plateaus and grooves of the honed surfaces in all samples. Quantification showed that the widths of the grooves were statistically similar and with a high percentage of obstruction. GCIs present a higher amount of FM in the Spk region (FMspk).The thicker wall samples presented a higher amount of FM in the grooves (% FM / Groove) and this parameter had a strong and positive statistical correlation with the graphite fraction. Evidences, obtained in cross section evaluations, corroborated the relationship between FM and graphite. It was verified that FM can be formed directly on graphite or indirectly due to the extrusion of this phase. In addition, its morphology and orientation influenced the occurrence of FM. Preliminary short-term tests were performed to evaluate the repeatability of COF results. These tests indicated less dispersion for conditions with lower frequencies and higher normal forces. Evaluations of the dynamics of the tribological test allowed to point out conditions to reduce the COF during the half-cycles of movement and to associate them to the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication. The COF for long-term tests presented cyclical behavior with transitions. These transitions were associated with formation-removal-formation mechanisms of ZDDP tribofilms. The tribological tests imposed changes on the roughness parameters (mainly with smoothness of the surfaces) and reductions on the film parameter. The thickness of samples affected little the TMI; and a better tribological performance of CGIs was detected. The FM quantification routine showed a technical limitation due to surface smoothing, which causes a change in the reference of heights of honed surfaces. Nevertheless, there was a reduction in %FM/Groove and tendency to clear the grooves. There was little influence of FM in COF behavior due to the similarity of FM parameters among the materials. However, FM was associated as a three-body abrasive agent and a strong positive correlation between the FMspk parameter (at the beginning of the test) and the TMI parameter was described.

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Abebe, Abay Damte, and Qikang He. "Foam Behavior Analysis Based On A Force Measurement System." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37250.

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Abstract In the world where every sector of industrial manufacturing is being converted toautomated systems, surface finishing processes like sanding and polishing seem to lag.This phenomenon is not surprising as these processes are complex to optimize. Therehave been projects going on with the support of European Commission to findsolutions under SYMPLEXITY (Symbiotic Human-Robot Solutions for ComplexSurface Finishing Operations). One of the projects in under this include poliMATIC(Automated Polishing for the European Tooling Industry). Halmstad University isinvolved in doing projects. This project took a portion of this study in aim to understand a foam material’s behavior used for sanding tool at the tip of a robotic arm. This is studied using a forcemeasurement system developed at Halmstad University. The project has two sectionsand starts with one; Understanding the force measurement system and upgrading innecessary ways. Two; studying how the foam material compressive hardness propertyis affected when the material is fit with sandpaper for sanding operation using theforce measurement system. The study finally revealed how the combination of thefoam with sandpaper affects the robustness of the material, and significantlyimproved the output of the system with by reducing the noise level with 40%.

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Dawson, Ty Grant. "Effects of cutting parameters and tool wear in hard turning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17816.

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Varnauskas, Valentinas. "Creation of hardfaced surfaces and investigation of its wear resistance." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090309_142113-92955.

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This thesis presents research in the area of creation of coated electrodes for hard surfacing. The principal subject of research is coated electrodes and metals deposited by means of them. The main objective of the thesis is to develop new electrode coatings, to obtain the metal having the proper mechanical properties which enable to produce the surface layers with acquire strength and resistance to abrasive wear. The application area of newly developed welding electrodes is surfacing of working parts of agricultural, mining and road-building machines. The thesis also deals with optimization of alloying elements transfer from electrode to liquid pool with a view to obtain economically alloyed deposited metal. Welding electrodes are being produced in Lithuania, multi-purpose hard-facing electrodes being among them. All over the world a lot of welding materials manufacturers produce the analogous production, but their products are expensive. A challenge to the competition in the electrodes market is to expand the production range, to offer new products whose quality and price could satisfy customer’s demands. The dissertation analyzes the regularities of alloying elements transfer in developed electrodes from electrode coating to deposited metal and the influence of alloying elements on the properties of coated layers. Two principal tasks are solved: development of coated electrodes coatings and investigation of hard-faced surfaces. The first task is formulated with respect to... [to full text]
Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas glaistytųjų elektrodų rankiniam elektrolankiniam apvirinimui kūrimas ir taikymas. Pagrindinis tyrimo objektas yra glaistytieji elektrodai ir šiais elektrodais prilydytas metalas. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas yra sukurti naujus elektrodų glaistus, gauti gerų mechaninių savybių metalą, kuriuo apvirinti sluoksniai būtų atsparūs abrazyviniam dilimui. Sukurtų apvirinimo elektrodų taikymo sritis yra žemės dirbimo, kalnakasybos mašinų, rūdų smulkinimo įrenginių darbinės dalys. Disertacijoje siekiama optimizuoti legiruojančiųjų elementų koncentraciją lydinyje, ir taip gauti ekonomiškai legiruotą prilydytą metalą. Lietuvoje gaminami suvirinimo elektrodai. Viena iš gaminamos produkcijos rūšių yra įvairios paskirties apvirinimo elektrodai. Pasaulyje yra daug suvirinimo medžiagų gamintojų, kurie gamina analogišką produkciją, tačiau šie elektrodai brangūs. Siekiant konkuruoti elektrodų rinkoje, būtina plėsti gaminamos produkcijos asortimentą, pateikti naujus gaminius, kurie savo kokybe ir kaina galėtų patenkinti įvairiausius vartotojų poreikius. Darbe sprendžiami du pagrindiniai uždaviniai: glaistytųjų elektrodų glaistų kūrimas ir šiais elektrodais apvirintų sluoksnių savybių tyrimas. Pirmasis uždavinys suformuluotas, atsižvelgiant į legiruojančiųjų elementų perėjimo iš elektrodo į prilydomą metalą dėsningumų tyrimą. Antrasis siejasi su apvirintų sluoksnių lydinių struktūros ir abrazyvinio dilimo tyrimu.

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Ebert, Daniel Ray. "Superhydrophobic, Biomimetic Surfaces with High and Low Adhesion, Optical Transmittance, and Nanoscale Mechanical Wear Resistance." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1475516443008829.

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Kahlin, Magnus. "Fatigue Performance of Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V in Aerospace Applications." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137233.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) for metals includes is a group of production methodst hat use a layer-by-layer approach to directly manufacture final parts. In recent years, the production rate and material quality of additive manufactured materials have improved rapidly which has gained increased interest from the industry to use AM not only for prototyping, but for serial production. AM offers a greater design freedom, compared to conventional production methods, which allows for parts with new innovative design. This is very attractive to the aerospace industry, in which parts could be designed to have reduced weight and improved performance contributing to reduced fuel consumption, increased payload and extended flight range. There are, however, challenges yet to solve before the potential of AM could be fully utilized in aerospace applications. One of the major challenges is how to deal with the poor fatigue behaviour of AM material with rough as-built surface. The aim of this thesis is to increase the knowledge of how AM can be used for high performance industrial parts by investigating the fatigue behaviour of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V produced with different AM processes. Foremost, the intention is to improve the understanding of how rough as-built AM surfaces in combination with AM built geometrical notches affects the fatigue properties.This was done by performing constant amplitude fatigue testing to compare different combinations of AM material produced by Electron Beam Melting(EBM) and Laser Sintering (LS) with machined or rough as-built surfaces with or without geometrical notches and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment. Furthermore, the material response can be different between constant amplitude and variable amplitude fatigue loading due to effects of overloads and local plastic deformations. The results from constant amplitude testing were used to predict the fatigue life for variable amplitude loading by cumulative damage approach and these predictions were then verified by experimental variable amplitude testing. The constant amplitude fatigue strength of material with rough as-built surfaces was found to be 65-75 % lower, compared to conventional wrought bar, in which HIP treatments had neglectable influence on the fatigue strength. Furthermore, the fatigue life predictions with cumulative damage calculations showed good agreement with the experimental results which indicates that a cumulative damage approach can be used, at least for a tensile dominated load sequences, to predict the fatigue behaviour of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V.

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15

Peng, Wei. "Contact Mechanics of Multilayered Rough Surfaces in Tribology." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1002737061.

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16

Tchoundjeu, Ngatchou Stéphane. "Caractérisation des performances d'endurance des lubrifiants par suivi des états de surfaces tridimensionnels." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECAP0061.

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Pour des systèmes mécaniques fortement sollicités et lubrifiés (en roulement avec ou sans glissement), les performances des lubrifiants se caractérisent par l’évolution de l’usure des surfaces. Celle-ci peut se manifester par un micro-écaillage qui conduit à une dégradation des fonctionnalités des surfaces. Pour quantifier la durabilité du mécanisme, il est donc important de pouvoir caractériser l’usure du contact : quantifiable à l’échelle du composant par la mesure de la perte de masse par exemple. Notre approche tentera de caractériser l’usure des surfaces dans ses premières heures de fonctionnement (phase de rodage) se manifestant par des modifications locales de la rugosité et non par la perte de masse qui est peu significative. Notre étude a pour objectif d’établir une relation entre l’évolution des paramètres surfaciques durant cette phase de rodage et la résistance à l’usure des surfaces. Des paramètres tridimensionnels sont ainsi identifiés, permettant de connaître assez tôt, les performances des lubrifiants la fin de longs essais d’endurance
For lubricated mechanical systems and working with heavy loading (rolling with or without sliding), the lubricants performances are characterized by the evolution of the wear on surfaces. This wear can take the form of micro-pitting which leads to a functional surface degradation. To quantify the durability of the mechanism, it is thus important to be able to characterize the wear of the contact: quantifiable on the scale of the component by the measure of the loss of mass for example. Our approach stands to characterize the wear of surfaces during the first hours of functioning (running-on phase), showing itself by local modifications of the roughness and not by the loss of mass which insignificant. Our study has for objective to establish a relation between the evolution of the surface parameters during the running-in phase and the wear of the surfaces. Tridimentional parameters are so identified, to know early enough the performances of lubricants, without waiting the end of long endurance tests

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17

Li, Hongchun. "A study on wear and surface roughness of work roll in cold rolling." School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering - Faculty of Engineering, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/125.

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The objective of this study is to improve our understanding of the evolution and tribological behaviour of work roll surfaces in cold rolling because surface deterioration affects the quality of products and the efficiency of production. The cost of rolls is almost 25% of the cost of cold steel production. An experimental Lateral Set-testing (LST) mini-mill was developed to make use of the Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator functions to evaluate, for the first time, the roll material surface features, surface roughness, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) of frequency distribution, after single and multi-pass rolling. A low carbon-steel was prepared for the paired disc and then experiments on disc-to-disc wear were carried out to test surface deterioration and friction. In the laboratory, material imitating an industrial roll was manufactured. One batch contained 4%Cr and another contained 4%Cr plus approximately 0.1% Ti. These materials were compared against each other in the LST and disc-to-disc experiments. Experiments considered a series of parameters, including strip reduction, speed, and lubrication, while the disc-to-disc experiments considered duration of wear, forward and backward slip and load amplitude. The surfaces of the LST roller and disc were evaluated by surface technologies such as Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and surface profile-meters. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction wear properties. Test results from the mini-mill reveal that dominant waviness of the surface roughness still exists on the surface after a single pass of rolling and a 30.5% reduction is a critical reduction level that has a significant influence on the density of power spectrum. A rougher work piece results in a larger power spectrum of the surface profile. It has found that the PSD altitude of the roller surface is significantly affected axially but is more sensitive to its original surface roughness circumferentially. It is distributed in an inverse order to the surface roughness in a high frequency domain. The addition of Ti alters surface deterioration. Lubrication has a significant effect on surfaces containing either 4Cr% or 4%Cr+Ti, affecting surface roughness of rollers containing 4%Cr more significantly. In the disc-to-disc tests, more material was removed in the first 60 minutes from the disc containing Ti than the disc containing only 4%Cr. In general, roll material with 4%Cr+Ti reveals to have better anti-abrasive properties than the roll with only 4%Cr, while lubrication significantly reduced the wear rate and amount of material removed from both materials. The speed of the disc influences the weight loss, ie, the higher the speed the greater the amount of material removed. The slip rate also affects roll wear and weight loss because as the speed increases, so do the slip and loss of weight. The coefficients of friction are between 0.35~0.75 when the contact was dry and 0.06~0.11 when lubrication was applied. Adhesive friction dominated the dry contact while a mixed lubrication regime features friction behaviour when emulsion lubrication was applied. A backward slip of 2% and a forward slip of 1.5% resulted in a different coefficient of friction in dry contact mode although the corresponding torques were similar. The torque and coefficient of friction are found to increase with disc speed in dry contact condition. Lubrication alters the friction of both materials. The coefficient of friction decreases with speed on the disc with added Ti but the effect of load is in the opposite trend, while the disc with 4%Cr was less influenced by speed. The coefficient of friction is more sensitive to load at higher speeds on the disc with 4%Cr than at slower speeds on the disc with Ti added. This indicates that the addition of Ti enhances the tribological behaviour of rollers because the disc with Ti additive is characterised by carbonitrades precipitated in a refined tempered martensitic matrix. Coarse carbides characterise the 4%Cr disc materials. Surface defects of the work rolls, including banding, spalling, marking and welding in a cold strip plant, were investigated. It was found that early failures principally resulted from operational factors and roll material off-specification micro-structure defects rather than wear. It is recommended that different grades materials of the roll and strip with different roughness and hardness to be tested and studied on the evolution and tribological behaviour of roll surfaces in the future.

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18

Babu, Sailesh. "A material based approach to creating wear resistant surfaces for hot forging." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101836555.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxii, 185 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-185).

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19

Liu, Min. "Understanding the mechanical strength of microcapsules and their adhesion on fabric surfaces." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/673/.

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There is a growing interest to incorporate melamine formaldehyde (MF) microcapsules containing perfume oil in detergents, which can be delivered to consumers at end-use applications. The microcapsules should have desirable properties including optimum mechanical strength and capability to adhere on fabric surfaces after laundry. They should be strong enough to withstand a serious of engineering processes including pumping, mixing, drying etc, but be weak enough to be ruptured by consumers in post-laundry handling. For this purpose, the mechanical strength of MF microcapsules made by different processing conditions, with additional coating, after being dried using different methods and being exposed to various suspending liquids were characterised in this work. Moreover, the adhesion of single MF microcapsules or single MF microspheres on flat fabric films in air or in liquids with different concentrations of detergent, surfactants, pH etc was investigated. The mechanical strength of MF microcapsules produced using an in-situ polymerisation technique were characterised by a micromanipulation technique. Conventionally, the mechanical strength parameters include microcapsule diameter, rupture force, deformation at rupture and nominal rupture stress (the ratio of the rupture force to the initial cross-sectional area of individual microcapsule). It was found that larger microcapsules in a sample on average had greater rupture force but small ones had higher nominal rupture stress. Since the rupture force or nominal rupture stress depends on the size of microcapsules, which is not easy to use particularly for comparison of the mechanical strength of microcapsules in different samples, a new strength parameter nominal wall tension at rupture has been proposed in this work, which is defined as the ratio of the rupture force to the circumference of individual microcapsule. The results from micromanipulation measurements showed that the increase of core/capsule ratio in weight percentage reduced the nominal wall tension of microcapsules. The use of silicate coating on surface of MF microcapsules increased the nominal wall tension of microcapsules and made microcapsules more brittle. The nominal wall tension of microcapsules did not differ significantly when the pH of their suspending liquid ranged from 2 to 11 for a duration of 25 hours. It has also been shown that the prolonged polymerisation time alone or combined with the elevated polymerisation temperature increased the nominal wall tension of MF microcapsules. Furthermore, there was no significant change in the nominal wall tension of microcapsules after being oven dried, fluidised bed dried or freeze dried. However, there was a significant increase in the nominal rupture tension of microcapsules after being spray dried, which resulted from destroying weak (in general large) microcapsules in the drying process. Modelling of the force versus displacement data from micromanipulation has been attempted in order to determine intrinsic mechanical property parameters, such as Young’s modulus, yield stress and stress at rupture that requires to know the contact area between a compressed microcapsule and force probe at rupture. The mean Young’s modulus of MF microcapsules Ec predicted from the Hertz model was found to be 32±4 MPa which represents the modulus of single whole microcapsule. In addition, the Young’s modulus of MF microcapsule wall material Ew was found to be 8±1 GPa by applying finite element analysis with a linear elastic model. A correlation describing the relationship between E\(_c\) and E\(_w\) has been developed based on the modelled results, wall thickness and diameter of microcapsules. The Hertz model and Johnson’s plastic model were further applied to determine the rupture stress of single MF microcapsules, which take their rupture deformation into consideration. The models help to determine the mechanical strength of microcapsules precisely. Real fabric surface can be very rough, and quantification of the adhesion of single microcapsules on such rough surface can be difficult so that flat fabric surface was fabricated. Cotton films were successfully generated by dissolving cotton powder and their properties were also characterised including their surface roughness, thickness, contact angle and purity. The adhesive forces between MF microcapsules/MF microparticles and cotton films under ambient condition at air RH above 40% were measured using an AFM technique, which was considered to be dominated by capillary forces. It was also found that there was little adhesion between MF microparticle and cotton films in detergent or surfactant solution. Instead, repulsion between them was observed and reduced with the increase of detergent/surfactant concentration and the decrease in solution pH. It was suggested that the repulsion was contributed from two mechanisms of steric interaction and electrostatic repulsion. It is believed that this work can be used to guide formulation and processing of MF microcapsules with desirable mechanical strength. The studies on the adhesion between MF microcapsules/microparticles and cotton films under ambient condition or in the detergent solutions should be beneficial to the future work to enhance adhesion of microcapsules on fabric surface via modification of the surface compositions and morphology of microcapsules.

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20

Njeim, Elias K. "Defects in metals and simulation of mechanical properties by means of nanoindentation." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/e_njeim_121409.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in mechanical engineering)--Washington State University, December 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 4, 2010). "School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-45).

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21

Strahin, Brandon L. "The Effect of Engineered Surfaces on the Mechanical Properties of Tool Steels Used for Industrial Cutting Tools." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1506692623324192.

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22

Ghasemi, Rohollah. "Tribological and Mechanical Behaviour of Lamellar and Compacted Graphite Irons in Engine Applications." Licentiate thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Material och tillverkning – Gjutning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-25724.

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There has been much discussion about the beneficial uses of lamellar graphite iron in piston rings–cylinder liner systems, where a good combinations of both thermal and tribological properties are essential. The excellent tribological performance of lamellar iron under such sliding conditions is principally associated with lubrication behaviour of the graphite particles which are distributed as lamellas throughout the matrix. During sliding, graphite particles are extruded and smeared onto the counterfaces, act as solid lubricating agents and form a thin graphite film between the sliding surfaces. Although this process especially, during the running-in period significantly changes the sliding wear response of the components, the exact mechanism behind of this phenomenon has rarely been discussed in previous studies. It is tribologically beneficial to keep the graphite open, particularly in applications where the scuffing issues do matter. In this thesis, the main causes involved in closing the graphite lamellas are discussed, with a focus on matrix plastic deformation that occurs during sliding. In first step, the relationship between graphite lamellae orientation and plastic deformation was investigated. To do so, two piston rings, belonging to the same two-stroke marine engine operated for different periods of time, were selected and compared to the unworn sample. The worn piston rings displayed a substantial decrease in both frequency and area fraction of the graphite lamellas. Most of the lamellas were closed as a result of plastic deformation of matrix. This happening was caused mainly by the interaction between abrasive particles and metallic matrix. Additionally, it was found that graphite lamellas parallel or near-parallel to the sliding direction exhibited maximum closing tendency under sliding condition. In next step, to have a better understanding of the graphite film formation mechanism and matrix deformation role in closing the graphite lamellas, microindentation and microscratch testing were performed on typical lamellar iron. The qualitative results showed a similar mechanism involving in graphite contribution to lubricate the sliding surfaces. Moreover, microindentations made nearby the graphite lamellas demonstrated that the deformation of the matrix causes the formation of cracks in the centre of the graphite lamellas, compressing and then extruding the graphite from its natural position, irrespective of the lamellas′ size. Furthermore, it was found that subsurface graphite orientation had a large influence on the extrusion behaviour, in that, for graphite lamellas oriented towards the indenter, the effect was observed more pronounced. Furthermore, an improved fully ferritic solution strengthened compacted graphite iron was produced for future wear studies. The effects of different Si levels and section thicknesses on tensile properties and hardness were investigated as well. The influence of Si content and section thickness on mechanical properties was revealed by improving the materials strength and slightly enhancing the hardness through increasing Si content. Besides, Si addition up to 4.5 wt% significantly affected the strength and elongation to failure of cast samples.
Helios
FFI

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23

Samuel, Sonia. "Surface Engineering and Characterization of Laser Deposited Metallic Biomaterials." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3618/.

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Novel net shaping technique Laser Engineered Net shaping (LENS) laser based manufacturing solution (Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, NM); Laser can be used to deposit orthopedic implant alloys. Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (TNZT) alloy system was deposited using LENS. The corrosion resistance being an important prerequisite was tested electrochemically and was found that the LENS deposited TNZT was better than conventionally used Ti-6Al-4V in 0.1N HCl and a simulated body solution. A detailed analysis of the corrosion product exhibited the presence of complex oxides which are responsible for the excellent corrosion resistance. In addition, the in vitro tests done on LENS deposited TNZT showed that they have excellent biocompatibility. In order to improve the wear resistance of the TNZT system boride reinforcements were carried out in the matrix using LENS processing. The tribological response of the metal matrix composites was studied under different conditions and compared with Ti-6Al-4V. Usage of Si3N4 balls as a counterpart in the wear studies showed that there is boride pullout resulting in third body abrasive wear with higher coefficient of friction (COF). Using 440C stainless steel balls drastically improved the COF of as deposited TNZT+2B and seemed to eliminate the effect of “three body abrasive wear,” and also exhibited superior wear resistance than Ti-6Al-4V.

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24

Raimondas, Kreivaitis. "Fe-C-Cr-B lydinių atsparumo abrazyviniam dilimui tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_154703-67221.

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Darbe analizuojamas abrazyvinio dilimo mechanizmas. Nustatomi šiems procesams didžiausią įtaką turintys veiksniai. Analizuojama abrazyvinių dalelių formos ir jų abrazyvumo vertinimo metodika. Apžvelgiami abrazyvinio dilimo modeliai. Abrazyvinių dalelių veikiami darbinių dalių paviršiai intensyviai dyla, todėl atsižvelgiant į jų darbo sąlygas būtina tinkamai parinkti jų savybes – kietumą, stiprumą bei sudėtį (legiravimą). Šių paviršių atnaujinimui ir sustiprinimui dažnai racionalu naudoti įvairios sudėties apvirinamus sluoksnius. Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti apvirintų kietųjų sluoksnių abrazyvinio dilimo ypatybes. Taip pat, ištirti lydinių abrazyvinio dilimo įtaką dylančio paviršiaus mikrogeometriniams parametrams. Atliktais tyrimais nustatyta legiruojančių elementų įtaka apvirintų sluoksnių abrazyviniam dilimui. Nustatyta optimali apvirinto sluoksnio sudėtis abrazyvinio dilimo sumažinimui. Tai pat nustatyta, kad termiškai apdirbtų plienų ir apvirintų sluoksnių dilimo atvejais nudilimas turi ryšį su paviršiaus parametru SPQP. Tuo remiantis, matuojant paviršiaus profilį, galima prognozuoti nudilimo dydį.
There is analysis of abrasive wear mechanism in this work. The most important factors in these processes were established. There are analysed technique of abrasive particles properties and abrasive wear models. Surfaces witch are under the abrasive sway wear very fast. Considering to working conditions of these surfaces it is necessarily to choose there properties – hardness, strength and composition. For renovation and fortify of these surfaces it is often rational hard facing. The aim of this work was to estimate the influence of alloying elements content to abrasive wear. And estimate the abrasive wear influence to micro geometry of wearing surface. The influence of alloying elements to abrasive wear was estimated. To decrease abrasive wear the optimal chromium content in the arc welded alloy was investigated. Clear influence of heat treated steels and arc welded alloys abrasive wear on surface profile quality parameter SPQP is estimated. Considering with that we can measure surface profile and predict the wear rates.

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25

Wen, Chao. "Bounding Surface Approach to the Fatigue Modeling of Engineering Materials with Applications to Woven Fabric Composites and Concrete." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28843.

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It has been known that the nucleation and growth of cracks and defects dominate the fatigue damage process in brittle or quasi-brittle materials, such as woven fabric composites and concrete. The behaviors of these materials under multiaxial tensile or compression fatigue loading conditions are quite complex, necessitating a unified approach based on principles of mechanics and thermodynamics that offers good predictive capabilities while maintaining simplicity for robust engineering calculations. A unified approach has been proposed in this dissertation to simulate the change of mechanical properties of the woven fabric composite and steel fiber reinforced concrete under uniaxial and biaxial fatigue loading. The boundary surface theory is used to describe the effect of biaxial fatigue loading. A fourth-order response tensor is used to reflect the high directionality of the damage development, and a second-order response tensor is used to describe the evolution of inelastic deformation due to damage. A direction function is used to capture the strength anisotropic property of the woven fabric composite. The comparisons between model prediction results and experimental data show the good prediction capability of models proposed in this dissertation.

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26

Emge, Andrew William. "Effect of sliding velocity on the tribological behavior of copper and associated nanostructure development." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1199246829.

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27

Wang, Jianguo. "Global Finish Curvature Matched Machining." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1102.pdf.

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28

Matti, Anton. "Axellagring till Klasserare." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104911.

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29

Farias, Carlos Eduardo. "Estudo da interação do ácido esteárico com plasma de radiofrequência indutivamente acoplado." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/794.

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CNPq; CAPES
A limpeza a plasma é uma tecnologia promissora para a preparação de superfícies que receberão tratamentos, pois possui a habilidade de reduzir a quantidade de resíduos orgânicos em uma superfície através da combinação de agentes físicos e químicos. Apesar do interesse tecnológico, seu uso é ainda limitado, pois seus mecanismos ainda não são bem compreendidos. Tal dificuldade se deve à grande variedade química de contaminantes orgânicos, e a complexidade destes, que via de regra são compostos, e não substâncias simples. Esse trabalho busca investigar o efeito das variáveis de processo como potência aplicada, pressão, fluxo de gás e temperatura da amostra, sobre a capacidade do sistema em gerar degradação de uma molécula orgânica. Para acompanhamento da evolução físico-química das amostras tratadas, foi utilizado como contaminante modelo o ácido esteárico (C18H36O2), que é constituído por uma cadeia carbônica linear, com 18 carbonos, contendo em uma das extremidades uma função ácido carboxílico. O estudo experimental foi realizado utilizando uma descarga gerada por fonte de radiofrequência de 13,56 MHz indutivamente acoplada, com misturas gasosas de Ar e Ar-10%O2 e com a amostra imersa na descarga. A taxa de variação de massa foi utilizada como uma caracterização direta do processo de degradação e análises de espectroscopia do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) foram realizadas para investigar modificações moleculares residuais. Foi possível obter redução de massa da amostra quando esta é exposta ao plasma para todas as condições de tratamento em que a amostra permaneceu sólida durante a exposição ao plasma. As caracterizações realizadas mostraram que é possível obter uma taxa de gravura elevada, principalmente na exposição ao plasma de Ar-10%O2 e desde que a amostra permaneça em estado sólido durante o tratamento, nenhuma modificação estrutural foi observada.
Plasma cleaning is a promising technology in surface treatments, with the ability to reduce the amount of organic residues in a surface throught chemical and physical interactions. Despite technological interest, its use is limited because its mechanisms still are not entirely understood. Such difficulties are related to the large chemical variety of existent organic contaminants and the use of compounds instead of single molecules. This work aims to evaluate how the applied power of plasma affects its capabilities to degrade an organic molecule. To follow the physic-chemical evolution of treated samples, a chemical model was used, known as stearic acid (C18H36O2), that is a linear chain of 18 carbons with a acid function on a extremity. The experimental study was made by using an inductively coupled RF discharge at 13,56 MHz, with Ar and Ar-10%O2 gas mixtures, being the sample immerse in the discharge. Sample temperature control was made with a water cooling system and introducing steps of plasma on and off during the experiment. Mass variation rate was used as a direct characterization of degradation process. Fourier transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were performed to search for residual molecular modifications. In all experimental conditions was possible to attain mass reduction from the sample when exposed to plasma if the sample was kept in the solid state. The material characterization shows the possibility of attain a high etch rate, where no structural modifications are detected.

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30

Abu, Baker Karim Aria, and Anna Schnelzer. "Optimering av glidlager och utveckling av dess konstruktion." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-27852.

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I detta projekt har vi fördjupat oss i en glidlagerkonstruktion som befinner sig i en skruvpress. Skruvpressen kompakterar en okänd massa som är sekretessbelagd. Robustus har ett förslag på överdimensionering av det nuvarande glidlagret. Målet med projektet var att analysera och optimera några glidlager i förhållande till det befintliga glidlagret samt att ta hänsyn till materialval och den miljö som lagret kommer att befinner sig i. Det som analyserna och optimeringen visade var att det befintliga glidlagret hade den bästa geometrin bland alla lösningar men inte det optimala materialet. Projektet befinner sig i ett tidigt stadium och det behövs en del geometriska förändringar. Det viktigaste av allt är att problemet har identifierats med hjälp av det havererade glidlagret och med en excelmodell.
We have in this project become engrossed in a plain bearing design that is located in a screw press. The screw press compact an unknown mass that is confidential. Robustus have a suggestion to over dimensioning the present plain bearing. The aim of this project was to analyze and to do an optimization on some plain bearings and compare them to the present bearing and to take the choice of material and the environment where the bearing is located into account. The analysis and the optimizations showed that the current plain bearing had the best geometry but not the optimal material selection. The project is in an early state and it needs some geometrical changes. The most important of everything is that the problem has been identified with the help of the wrecked plain bearing and with an excel model.

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31

Singamaneni, Srikanth. "Microstructures and multifunctional microsystems based on highly crosslinked polymers." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29746.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Tsukruk, Vladimir; Committee Member: Gall, Ken; Committee Member: Griffin, Anselm; Committee Member: Jang, Seung Soon; Committee Member: Thio, Yonathan. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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32

Hermansson, Jakob, and Emma Wahlström. "Materialval för minskat slitage av sandformningsverktyg." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13776.

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På Volvo Group Trucks Operations (GTO) i Skövde tillverkas cylinderblock, cylinderhuvud och svänghjul genom gjutning med sandformar. Då formverktygen som formar sandformarna fylls uppkommer slitage där sandpartiklarna träffar, vilket leder till att formverktygen behöver underhållas regelbundet.Målet med denna studie är att hitta alternativa material som formverktygen kan tillverkas i alternativt förstärkas eller beläggas med för att minska slitaget i formverktygen och på så sätt minska kostnader genom att förlänga underhållsintervallen. Problemet analyseras och en litteraturstudie kring erosiv och abrasiv nötning genomförs.Ett antal material tas fram genom en materialvalsprocess som lämpliga kandidater baserat på litteraturstudien, materialkartor och diskussion. Materialprover testas med en standardmetod för erosion med gasburna partiklar. Resultat från tidigare empiriska studier tyder på att erosion påverkas starkt av materialegenskaper så som hårdhet och seghet men även de eroderande partiklarnas infallsvinkel och hastighet.Erosionstestet utförs för 30 och 90 graders infallsvinkel. Testet visar att de mjukare stålen, Holdax och Sverker 21, har högre beständighet mot erosion vid låga infallsvinklar och det hårdare stålet Nimax har högre beständighet vid höga infallsvinklar. Nimax anses vara ett lämpligt material till formverktyget då Nimax har den totalt lägsta erosionstakten vid hopslagning av den totala erosionstakten över båda infallsvinklarna. Nimax har den lägsta erosionstakten vid 30 graders infallsvinkel och anses även ha god beständighet mot erosion vid 90 graders infallsvinkel.Rekommendation ges kring upprepade erosionstester för att säkerställa resultatet. Rekommendationer finns också kring materialprovning i formverktyget för att se om ett materialbyte skulle leda till besparingar. Undersökning av möjligheter att konstruera bort nötning i formverktyget genom ändring av infallsvinklar mellan den inblåsta sanden och formverktyget, samt ändring av lufttryck rekommenderas.
At Volvo Group Trucks Operations (GTO) in Skövde, cylinder blocks, cylinder heads and flywheels are manufactured through sandcasting. As the forming tools that forms the sand forms are filled with sand, wear occurs where the sand particles hit the tool surface. The forming tool thus needs to be regularly maintained. The aim of this study is to evaluate alternative materials that the forming tools can be manufactured in to reduce wear, and thereby reducing costs by extending maintenance intervals. The problem is analyzed and a literature study on erosive and abrasive wear is carried out. A number of materials are presented as suitable candidates based on the literature study, material charts and discussion. Material samples are tested using a standard method for solid particle erosion using gas jets. Results from previous empirical studies indicate that erosion is strongly influenced by material properties such as hardness and toughness but also the angle of impingement and velocity of the erosive particles.The erosion test is performed at 30 and 90 degree angle of impingement. The test shows that the softer steel, Holdax and Sverker 21 have higher resistance to erosion at low angles of impingement and the harder steel Nimax has higher resistance at high angles of impingement. Nimax is considered a suitable material for the forming tool, as Nimax has the overall lowest erosion rate when adding the total erosion over both angles of impingement. Nimax has the lowest erosion rate at 30 degrees angle and is also considered to have good resistance to erosion at 90 degrees angle. Recommendation is given on repeated erosion tests to validate the results. There are also recommendations regarding material testing in the forming tool to see if a material change would lead to savings. Examination of possibilities to make changes in the sand filling process, altering angle of impingement between the sand blown and the forming tool as well as air pressure is recommended.

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Jain, Ayush. "Development and Characterization of Multi-scale Polymer Composite Materials for Tribological Applications." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Maskinelement, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65241.

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With industries aiming at higher efficiencies, lightweight parts, and easier manufacturability there has been a recent trend of replacing the metallic materials with polymeric materials and its composites. Particularly in the automotive industry, there is a demand of replacing metallic material of bushes and bearings with polymer based materials (PBM). For these heavy performance requirements (as in automobiles), the commonly used industrial polymers like Acetal and Nylon fail to provide good mechanical and tribological performance. High-performance polymer like Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) is a relatively newer material and shows a potential of being a PBM alternative for metallic bearings in automobiles if their tribological performance can be improved. One of the ways of improving the tribological performance of the polymer is by the addition of filler material, hence making a polymer composite. In this study, we used Short Carbon Fibre as micro-reinforcement material and Nano-diamonds and Graphene Oxide as nano-reinforcement material to make PPS composites. The varying mechanical and tribological behaviour of PPS composites with different weight percentage of reinforcement materials was investigated. The optimum composition of the reinforcement materials was identified, which resulted in significant improvement in mechanical and tribological properties of the base material.

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Morelo, Fernando. "Análise da influência do mandrilamento na integridade superficial do aço inoxidável super duplex." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1147.

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O aço inoxidável super duplex é um material muito utilizado na indútria de óleo e gás e o mandrilamento interno é um dos processos de manufatura utilizado para fabricação de componentes para esta indútria. O acabamento gerado pelo processo de mandrilamento interno é muito importante, pois estes componetes sofrem grandes ataques corrosivos por estarem em contato com petróleo e gás acidos e, também, por serem utilizados em grandes profundidades e altas pressões, no fundo do mar. A necessidade de utilização de barras de mandrilar com sistemas antivibratórios se dá quando seu comprimento é quatro vezes maior que o diâmetro usinado. Para análise da influência do mandrilamento foi utilizada uma barra de mandrilar com sistema antivibratório, tendo seu comprimento oito vezes seu diâmetro. O material utilizado para este estudo é o aço inox superduplex SAF2507. As variáveis de entrada foram velocidade de corte, avanço, raio de ponta da ferramenta de corte e pressão de refrigeração. Para análise da intregridade no material foi medido a rugosidade superficial utilizando os parâmetros Sq, Ssk, Sku, Str, Sal, Sk, Sk, SvK, a tensão residual, dureza e a temperatura de usinagem dissipada na região da peça. Os resultados mostraram a presença de tensão residual de tração com aumento da dureza com rugosidade Sq acima de 2 μm. Para rugosidade Sq abaixo de 2 μm ocorreu tensão residual de baixa tração ou tensão residual de compressão. A temperatura média no material usinado foi de 33,6 oC, sendo medida temperatura na região peça-cavaco-ferramenta de 350oC. A melhor combinação das condições de corte encontrada para obter os menores valores de rugosidade e de tensão residual de compressão, no acabamento, para profundidade de corte de 0,4 mm, foi a maior velocidade de corte (140 m/min), o menor avanço (0,1mm/rot), menor raio (0,4 mm) e a menor pressão de refrigeração (15bar).
Super duplex stainless steel is a material widely used in oil and gas industry and boring is one of the manufacturing processes used to manufacture components for this industry. The finishing surface generated by boring process is very important once these parts are exposed to great corrosive attacks by being in contact with oil and gas acids and, also, because they are used at big depths and high pressures in the seabed. The need of using dampened boring bars occurs when the length is four times greater than the machined diameter. It was used one of these dampened boring bars to analyze its influence on a boring processes, with its length eight times its diameter. The material used for this study is the super duplex stainless steel SAF2507. Input variables for analysis were cutting speed, feed, nose radius of the cutting tool and coolant pressure. For analysis of the material integrity it was measured the surface roughness using Sq, Ssk, Sku, Str, Sal, Sk, Sk, SvK parameters, residual stress, hardness and machining temperature dissipated in part region. The results have shown the presence of residual tensile stress with increasing hardness when Sk roughness is up to 2 μm and Sk roughness below 2 μm showed low residual tensile or residual tensile compression. The average temperature dissipated in the proof body was 33.6 °C, and the temperature in the region play-chip-tool was 350 oC. The best combination of cutting conditions found for the lowest roughness values and residual compressive stress were, finishing, cutting depth of 0.4 mm was the highest cutting speed (140 m / min), the lowest forward (0.1 mm / rev), smaller radius (0.4 mm) and the lower pressure coolant (15bar).

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Shirgaokar, Manas. "Technology to Improve Competitiveness in Warm and Hot Forging: Increasing Die Life and Material Utilization." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1205347635.

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36

Rodriguez, Leal Barbara Maria. "Lubricants for Hot Stamping of Aluminum: Evaluation of Tribological Behavior and Cleanability." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86766.

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Working at elevated temperature has its challenges due to the high level of complexity whenthe tribosystems operate under harsh conditions, commonly resulting in an increase on thefriction and thermal softening that goes into severe adhesion, severe abrasion and materialtransfer. Despite considerable research, there is a lack of research on tribology applied to hightemperature processes. The aim of this project is to understand the tribological behavior of tool steel sliding againstaluminum under lubrication conditions working at high temperature. Salt-based, graphite-based, and polymer-based lubricants were evaluated as they are commonly used for aluminum forming. The cleanability of the lubricants after being subjected to elevated temperatures is also studied. High temperature tribological tests were carried out in a reciprocating sliding flat-on-flat configuration for 15 seconds. Optical microscope, SEM and EDS were performed to analyze the specimens after the tribological tests. Then a cleanability study was done to evaluate the cleanability of the lubricants and the effect of temperature on the cleanability of the lubricant. The concentration of the lubricants played an important role in the lubricant’s friction stability and dispersion, particularly for the polymer-based and graphite-based lubricants. Under the tested conditions the salt-based lubricant was ineffective as it showed high and unstable friction. The 10 wt.% polymer-based lubricant concentration presented severe adhesion and material transfer from the aluminum onto the tool steel. The effect of temperature on the cleanability of the lubricants was correlated to the temperature in which the lubricants start to degrade. Nevertheless, the best cleanability was achieved when using ethanol as a cleaning agent in combination with high pressure spraying, and wirebrush techniques. Mild and high alkaline agents had poor cleanability abilities resulting insurface damage and corrosion on the tool steel.

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Beyer, Thibault. "Semi-analytical modeling of damage under contact loading : Application to heterogeneous materials." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI045/document.

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Les pieds d’aubes de soufflantes de turboréacteurs étant soumis à des sollicitations de type fretting, l’introduction de matériaux composites dans la nouvelle génération de moteur d’avion a rendu nécessaire le développement d’outils permettant de modéliser le contact entre des matériaux hétérogènes. En particulier, le comportement tribologique et l’endommagement de ces matériaux est encore mal compris. La mise en place de méthodes numériques capable de prédire les endommagements dans le contact permettrait de mieux prédire la durée de vie des pièces en service et de garantir la sécurité des passagers. Cette thèse porte sur le développement de méthodes semi-analytiques pour la modélisation de l’endommagement dans des conditions de fretting et de roulement
The blade/disk interface in turbofan is subject to fretting loading. Fan blade of the new generation of aircraft engines are made of woven composite materials. The introduction of these new kind of materials create the need for a new numerical tool able to simulate the contact between heterogeneous materials. The tribological behavior and the damage mechanism associated with these kind of material are still not well understood. The developpment of new numerical tool able to model the damage in the contact area would allow to predict the life of engines parts and to guarantee the security of passengers. This PhD is about the developpment of semi-analytical methods for modeling the damage in fretting and rolling contact conditions with some applications to heterogeneous materials

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Fawaz, Fadi. "Konstruktion av ett nötningssystem för olika stålmaterial." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53683.

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I deatta arbete har olika nötningstyper identifierats vilka entreprenadmaskiners skopor utsätts för. Utifrån de dominerande nötningstyperna ska en nötningsprovrigg konstrueras som behandlar dessa. Detta då företaget Borox som förser entreprenad och vägindustrin med slitstarka stålmaterial ska kunna testa sina material och få en relativ uppskattning om nötningsbeständighet och lämplighet på sina produkter. En produktutvecklingsprocess följdes under arbetet och en lämplig provrigg valdes för att sedan konstrueras och ritas..

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39

Kuo, Shih-Kang. "Development of a magnetic suspension system and its applications in nano-imprinting and nano-metrology." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054236218.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 175 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-175). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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40

Katyal, Nishant. "Graphene as an aqueous Lubricant." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226141.

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The possible use of graphene and its derivatives dissolved in water as a green lubricant is an interesting avenue of research from tribological perspective. In this study, a highly concentrated stock solution of aqueous Graphene employing Polyethylene Glycol(PEG) as surfactant was diluted using proportionate volumes of De-Ionized (D.I.) water to generate target concentrations of Graphene in solution ranging from 15 μg/ml to 350 μg/ml . These samples were then tested for both sliding and rolling contacts. The sliding contact tests included the use of both 4-ball Tribometer test rig and triborheometer. The rolling contact tests were performed on Mini Traction Machine. The tested graphene-PEG-water admixtures held significant friction and wear advantage over D.I. Water and surfactant solutions under the same testing conditions.
Den möjliga användningen av grafen och dess derivat upplöst i vatten som ett grönt smörjmedel är en intressant forskningsaveny ur ett tribologiskt perspektiv. I denna studie späddes en högkoncentrerad grafenlösning med av-joniserat (D.I.) vatten för att alstra mållösningskoncentrationer av greven mellan 15 μg/ml och 350 μg/ml. Den testade grafenlösningen hade polyetylenglykol som ytaktivt ämne Proven testades sedan för både glidande och rullande kontakter. De glidande kontakttesten innefattade användandet av både en 4-kuletribometer och en triborometer. De rullande kontakttesterna utfördes med en Mini-traktionsmaskin. De testade proverna uppvisade signifikanta friktions- och förslitningsfördel jämfört med D.I. vatten och ytaktiva lösningar under samma testförhållanden

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Domare, Emma. "Generating gear grinding : An analysis of gringing parameters's effect on gear tooth quality." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68637.

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Generating gear grinding is a method used for hard machining of gearbox gears. It facilitates a productive gear manufacturing with tight tolerances regarding surface roughness and geometrical accuracy. However, if the grinding is done with incorrect parameters, so called grinding burns can arise with consequences such as changes in surface hardness, changes in residual stress levels, surface embrittlement and compromised fatigue strength. This thesis investigates the gear tooth quality resulting from grinding parameters contributing to an improved grinding time. A literature study will cover gear geometries and material, grinding wheel properties, influences by grinding parameters and several verification methods. An experimental test will then be used to put four different grinding parameters to the test. The results showed that an increased cutting speed indicated finer surface roughness andincreased Barkhausen noise but showed no influence on gear geometry. Increasing both rough and fine feed rates resulted in a minor increase in geometry deviation but no significant difference in surface roughness. Large variations within the different verification method results related to grinding burns madeit difficult to draw conclusions regarding the experimental factors chosen. However, several factors apart from the experimental ones varied in the testing were believed to have significant influence, such as the flow of the cooling fluidand the amount of retained austenite from the carburizing process. In fact, the trends which seemed to be connected to these factors could be seen in both Barkhausen noise analysis, hardness measurementsand microstructure.

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Amaral, Pedro Luiz Fiad do. "Influência da pressão nominal de contato no coeficiente de atrito estático em plano inclinado automatizado." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/815.

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O movimento relativo entre superfícies planas de contato são comuns a muitos projetos de engenharia. Na operação de muitos mecanismos identificam-se os problemas de atrito como um dos principais obstáculos para o êxito do funcionamento desses dispositivos. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a influência da pressão nominal de contato no atrito estático entre superfícies de aço ABNT 1020 e 1045 contra uma placa de vidro. As superfícies dos corpos de prova foram obtidas através do Processo de Fabricação por Usinagem Com Ferramenta de Geometria Não Definida – Retificação Plana Tangencial. Os corpos de prova foram constituídos de dois grupos: o Grupo A (tipo copo - ABNT1010) e do Grupo B (tipo Maciço - ABNT1045). Todas as superfícies foram caracterizadas quanto à rugosidade, utilizando-se um perfilômetro 3-D óptico sem contato. Para as medições do atrito estático foi utilizado um sistema plano inclinado, com automatização para detecção dos movimentos dos corpos de prova ao longo do tempo. Demonstrou-se que a pressão nominal não influencia os valores de coeficiente de atrito estático. Investigou-se a partir de então, um possível efeito da rugosidade no atrito. A partir dos parâmetros de rugosidade 3D foram calculados os momentos espectrais m0, m2 e m4, e o Parâmetro Largura de Banda, Alfa (α) que foi correlacionado com o coeficiente de atrito estático. Dentro dos parâmetros analisados: Sq, Sdq e Sds, o parâmetro Sq foi o que apresentou a maior discrepância entre os dados coletados. Com base na análise estatística de variância com nível de confiança de 5%, do parâmetro Sq, as amostras foram realocadas em 4 grupos para os quais foram calculados os Parâmetros Alfa. Considerando-se estes grupos de amostras, mostrou-se que o parâmetro alfa afetou o coeficiente de atrito estático, ou seja, quanto maior o parâmetro, maior o coeficiente de atrito estático.
The relative movement among flat surfaces in contact is common for many engineering projects. During the operation of many mechanisms, friction problems are identified as a main obstacle to the successful performance of them. In this study the influence of nominal pressure contact on static friction between steel surfaces (ABNT 1020 and 1045) and glass plate is evaluated. The specimens‘ surfaces were obtained by means of a manufacturing process classified as machining with undefined tool – tangential plane grinding. The specimens were constituted by two groups: the group A (type cup – ABNT1010) and the group B (type compact – ABNT1045). All specimens were characterized with respect to surface roughness, using a 3-D optical non-contact profilometer. For static friction measurements, an inclined plan system was used, with an automated detection of movements of specimens along time. The nominal contact pressure not has any effect on the values of static friction coefficient. Since then, a possible effect of surface roughness on friction was investigated. The spectral moments m0, m2 and m4, and the bandwidth parameter, Alpha (α), were calculated from the 3-D roughness parameters, and this latter was correlated with static friction coefficient. Within the analyzed parameters: Sq, Sdq and Sds, the Sq parameter presented the largest discrepancy within the sampling data. Based on the statistical analysis of variance, with a confidence level of 5%, of Sq parameter, the specimens were relocated into 4 groups, for which we calculated alpha parameter. Considering these groups, we demonstrated that the alpha parameter affected the static friction coefficient, that is, the higher this parameter, the greater the static friction coefficient.

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Karlsson, Martin, and Fredrik Hörnqvist. "Robot Condition Monitoring and Production Simulation." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69024.

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The automated industry is in a growing phase and the human tasks is increasingly replaced by robots and other automation solutions. The increasing industry entails that the automations must be reliable and condition monitoring plays an important role in achieving that ambition. By utilizing condition monitoring of a machine it is possible to detect a wear before it turns into a critical damage that could result in complete failure. A useful tool when monitoring the condition of a machine is by sampling and analyzing vibrations. Vibrations are generated by the moving parts of the machinery and high amplitude vibrations can often be seen as an indication of the developed faults. The frequency of these vibrations can be calculated and then detected in the sampled data. Today there is no condition monitoring system that monitor industrial robots by analyzing vibrations. The problem with analyzing robots, is that they operate with a varying speed. Since the running conditions are changing rapidly all the time, this means that the vibration frequencies also changes constantly. This is due to the fact that the vibration frequencies are dependent and affected of the operation speed. This research is a sequel and continuation of a research from previous year. The purpose of the research is to investigate the possibility to monitor the condition of a gearbox in a industrial robot, by utilizing vibration analysis. The robot that has been tested under tuff conditions in order to reach a failure, is an ABB IRB 6600. To sample data in a stationary way even tough the speed is changing during the sample time, the method order tracking has been utilized. This makes it possible to sample data with numbers of measurement per rotation instead of sampling according to time. This is processed by SKF:s condition monitoring system multilog IMx and the signal is then presented as a time waveform in the software @ptitude Observer. In Observer, it is also possible to show the signal in a spectrum by using Fast Fourier Transform. By utilizing MATLAB, the research has also resulted in a new analyzing method. This method is called Spectral Auto-Correlation. The methodology of this practice is to correlated the time waveform with itself in order to see which frequencies that are reappearing. The correlated result is then calculated with a Fast Fourier Transform to illustrate the signal in a spectrum for further analysis. During the analysis of the parts in the gearbox, critical defects were found on both the cycloidal disks. The fault frequency for the defects were calculated and analyzed from the data. This resulted in trends where the amplitude from the fault frequency had more than doubled over the time the robot has been operating in the project. This report also include a production simulation where a robot cell from SKF is simulated. The robot cell is simulated with and without a condition monitoring system. A comparison was then made to see what advantages there were with utilizing a condition monitoring system. The result of the simulation was an increased productivity with two to three percent.

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44

Maxwell, Taylor Patrick. "Passive Gas-Liquid Separation Using Hydrophobic Porous Polymer Membranes: A Study on the Effect of Operating Pressure on Membrane Area Requirement." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/351.

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The use of hydrophobic porous polymer membranes to vent unwanted gas bubbles from liquid streams is becoming increasingly more common in portable applications such as direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and micro-fluidic cooling of electronic circuits. In order for these portable systems to keep up with the ever increasing demand of the mobile user, it is essential that auxiliary components, like gas-liquid separators (GLS), continue to decrease in weight and size. While there has been significant progress made in the field of membrane-based gas-liquid separation, the ability to miniaturize such devices has not been thoroughly addressed in the available literature. Thus, it was the purpose of this work to shed light on the scope of GLS miniaturization by examining how the amount porous membrane required to completely separate gas bubbles from a liquid stream varies with operating pressure. Two membrane characterization experiments were also employed to determine the permeability, k, and liquid entry pressure (LEP) of the membrane, which provided satisfying results. These parameters were then implemented into a mathematical model for predicting the theoretical membrane area required for a specified two-phase flow, and the results were compared to experimental values. It was shown that the drastically different surface properties of the wetted materials within the GLS device, namely polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and acrylic, caused the actual membrane area requirement to be higher than the theoretical predictions by a constant amount. By analyzing the individual effects of gas and liquid flow, it was also shown that the membrane area requirement increased significantly when the liquid velocity exceeded an amount necessary to cause the flow regime to transition from wedging/slug flow to wavy/semi-annular flow.

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45

Albo, Zieme Louise, and Pontus Bergstedt. "A pre-study for functional coatings evaluated on light metals to be applied on a new HPDC Mg-alloy : Investigating tribological and thermophysical properties, as-cast and coated." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industriell produktutveckling, produktion och design, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53096.

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Magnesium with two-thirds of the density compared to aluminium and one-quarter of steel, intrigues product developers and material scientists due to the light metal’s excellent combination of strength to weight ratio as well as their capability of being produced as a High Pressure Die Cast component compared to other ferrous or light metal alloys. However, a magnesium alloy inherits some concerning drawbacks, limiting the exploitation in structural applications and mechanical design such as automotive, heavy machinery and aerospace components. The need for a magnesium alloy that could withstand a sufficient amount of wear, temperature and corrosive environment, leads towards the investigation and evaluation of a suitable, functional coating as a solution to exploit the evident advantages a magnesium alloy exhibits. A substantial amount of research is required in order to reduce an existing knowledge gap that is the ongoing development in the search for a sufficient functional coating and adherence capability to the highly reactive substrate that is a magnesium alloy. This industrial master thesis is an early stage investigation to evaluate how the currently used aluminium substrate with an electrodeposited coating relate and compares to a heat-treated electroless deposited coating through tribological and thermophysical induced stresses. These properties are tested with proven industrial standard methods resulted in a comprehensive conclusion and discussion regarding the feasibility of applying the coating onto a commercial magnesium alloy closely related to the Mg-alloy developed by Husqvarna and thereby contributing to technological advances to the highly relevant topic within product development in materials engineering.

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Santos, Claudia Joanita. "Aplicação da polianilina contendo nanopartículas de zinco em revestimentos de carrocerias automotivas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2957.

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A proteção contra corrosão na indústria automotiva é um problema de alto impacto econômico. Além de características anticorrosivas, os revestimentos utilizados nas indústrias automotivas precisam apresentar boa aparência e resistência física. Os revestimentos multicamadas normalmente utilizados em indústrias automotivas são compostos por e-coat, primer, base e verniz, sendo que o primer pode ser utilizado como um substituto do e-coat em processos de retoque ou retrabalho. Sob outra perspectiva, os polímeros condutores têm sido amplamente estudados como um revestimento anticorrosivo e o compósito de Polianilina-Melamina-Zinco (PZn) apresentou resultados promissores em relação à corrosão. Então, este estudo analisou a aplicação da PZn incorporado em revestimento multicamada utilizado na indústria automotiva, substituindo o primer comercial em processo de retrabalho. Adicionalmente, os resultados de PZn foram comparados com os primers utilizados atualmente (FLASH e GLASURIT). Para a caracterização dos materiais, realizaramse ensaios de MEV e EDS para o substrato e espessura de camada nos conjuntos pintados. Para a determinação de características visuais, foram feitas medições de cor, brilho e aspecto. Para corrosão, realizaram-se ensaios eletroquímicos (OCP e Tafel) e ensaio cíclico. Por fim, para resistência física foram analisados os ensaios de umidade, flexibilidade e aderência: corte cruzado, jato d´água, impacto pontual e batida de pedra. Os resultados dos ensaios de aspecto visual foram similares para todos os conjuntos pintados. Para corrosão, os ensaios eletroquímicos apresentaram resultados similares ao ensaio químico de corrosão cíclica, nos quais os conjuntos CJ_PANI e CJ_FLASH mostraram-se semelhantes e o CJ_GLASURIT obteve melhores resultados, sendo este o conjunto mais resistente. Os ensaios de resistência física podem ser divididos em secos e úmidos. Os ensaios realizados a seco tiveram resultados similares entre todos os conjuntos pintados, porém, nos úmidos o conjunto CJ_PANI apresentou-se susceptível à defeitos. Sendo assim, concluiu-se que o compósito de PZn apresentou bons resultados em relação às características visuais, ensaios eletroquímicos de corrosão e ensaios físicos a seco, quando utilizado em sistemas de pintura multicamadas de indústrias automotivas. Contudo, a PZn apresentou-se sucetível à defeitos em abientes úmidos, perdendo aderência.
The protection against corrosion in the automotive industry is a high impact problem on the economic view. Besides of an antirust characteristic, the coatings used in the automotive industries needs to have a good appearance and phisical resistance. The multilayer coatings used normally are compound of e-coat, primer, base and clear coat, where the primer can also be used as an e-coat substitute in rework processes. In the other side, the conductive polymers has been widely discussed as an anti-rust coating material and the Polyaniline-zinc composite (PZn) had presented good results concerning the corrosion protection. Then, this study had applied the PZn in a multilayer coating used in the automotive industry, substituting the commercial primer in a common rework process. In addition, the PZn results were compared with the commercial primers used currently (FLASH and GLASURIT). To the material characterization, were done a MEV and EDS analysis of the substrate and were measured the coating thickness of the painted sets. To determinate the visual characteristics, were measured color, gloss and aspect. For corrosion, were performed electrochemical measurements (OCP and Tafel) and the cyclic test. Moreover, the phisical resistance were evaluated with humidity, flexibility and adherence tests: cross cut, steam jet, punctual impact and stone chip. The visual aspects results were similar for all the painted sets. For corrosion, the electrochemical tests presented similar results with the chemical test done by cycle test, in which the CJ_PANI and CJ_FLASH sets had showed them equivalent and the CJ_GLASURIT had better results, being the set more resistant. The phisical resistance could be divided in two types: dry and wet. The dry tests had similar results between the painted sets, but in the wet ones, the PZn set had presented susceptible for defects. In conclusion, the PZn composite had presented good results regarding visual aspects, electrochemical corrosion and dry technical tests when used in multilayer paint systems of the automotive industry. However, it presented a susceptible for defects in humidity environmental, losing adherence.

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Bilha, Vitor Meira. "Análise do processo de retificação interna aplicado à fabricação de bicos injetores diesel." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1889.

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A utilização mais eficiente dos recursos naturais tem levado a indústria a aumentar a eficiência dos produtos manufaturados. Veículos de transporte Diesel estão incluídos neste cenário. Nos motores Diesel, um componente importante do sistema de injeção é o bico injetor. Uma legislação recente no Brasil introduziu limites de emissões EURO5. Estes novos parâmetros tiveram impacto no projeto do bico injetor com tolerâncias sendo reduzidas, em especial na área da sede do corpo do bico injetor, alterando o parâmetro funcional de pressão de abertura do produto. Neste cenário, o impacto desta superfície cônica retificada sobre a pressão de abertura é grande, bem como, sobre o desempenho do motor Diesel. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o defeito de topografia superficial típico e recorrente no processo de retificação interna cônica da sede do corpo dos bicos injetores. Um experimento planejado foi realizado de acordo com método Taguchi e determinou-se a relação sinal-ruído para dois parâmetros de topografia 2D. A superfície da sede também foi analisada utilizando análise topográfica 3D. Os resultados deste estudo incluem a indicação de possíveis causas do defeito recorrente, caracterização dos principais elementos do processo de retificação, caracterização da superfície retificada e otimização dos parâmetros do processo de retificação.
Industries of manufactured products have increased their efficiency optimizing the natural resources usage and Diesel commercial vehicles are included in this scenario. For Diesel engines, one of the most important components of the injection system is the nozzle injector. In Brazil, EURO5 legislation was recently introduced, bringing new emission limits for Diesel engines. Because of this, the nozzle injector design has changed and some manufacturing tolerances were reduced, in special the body seat geometry. This also changed the nozzle opening pressure. In this new process, the body seat grinded conical surface impacts on this functional parameter and consequently the Diesel engine performance. This study has as target to analyze a recurrent defect in the internal conic grinding process of the nozzle body seat. A trial was performed in this process according to Taguchi method and signal / noise ratio for 2D topographic parameters were defined. The body seat surface was also analyzed using 3D topographic analysis. The results of this study include the possible cause of the recurrent failure, characterization of the ground surface, process main elements integrity assessment and optimization of the grinding process parameters.

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Kotikawatte, Yoheena. "BRUKSANVISNING TILL DRIFT OCH UNDERHÅLL AV EN EMBALLERINGSMASKIN VID SCA." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186300.

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Materialet i rapporten är 10% av det totala materialet som presenterats till SCA, de viktigaste resultaten redovisas i rapporten. Vid SCA:s sågverk Rundvik i Nordmaling finns en automatiserad emballeringsmaskin. Ingen bra anvisning för bruk/drift och underhåll för maskinen finns, vilket har gjort det svårt för personalen att hantera den. Syftet med detta arbete var att kartlägga maskinens delar, funktioner och därefter framta en bruksanvisning. Detta gjordes genom att först kartlägga placeringen av maskinens axlar samt dess funktioner. Därefter intervjuades personalen på hyvleriet för att reda ut svårigheter och problem med maskinen. En problemlösning som löser de mest förekommande felen har framställts. En underhållsplan har tagits fram för att underlätta underhåll av maskinen. En offert på en programuppdatering har skickats till maskinprogrammerare. En offert gällande en säkerhetsanordning till maskinen har skickats till maskintillverkare. Resultatet är en fullt användbar, enkelt läsbar bruksanvisning. Syftet har inte fullföljts helt då operatör inte hunnit testa instruktionerna.
The material in the report is 10% of the total material presented to SCA, the most important results are reported here. At SCA's sawmill Rundvik in Nordmaling, there is an automated packaging machine. There is no good user manual for use/operation and maintenance of the machine, which has made it difficult for the staff to handle it. The purpose of this work has been to map the machine's parts, functions and then produce a user manual. This was done by first mapping the location of the machine's axles and its functions. The staff at the planer were then interviewed to sort out difficulties and problems with the machine. A problem solution that solves the most common errors has been produced. A maintenance plan has been developed to facilitate maintenance of the machine. A quote for a software update has been sent to the machine programmer. A quote regarding a safety device for the machine has been sent to the machine manufacturer. The result is a fully usable, easy-to-read user manual. The purpose has not been fully fulfilled as the operator has not had time to test the instructions.

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D'Ans, Pierre. "Contribution à la mise au point d'une démarche rationnelle de sélection des traitements de surface: illustration dans le cas des dispositifs de fonderie de l'aluminium." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210366.

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Sélectionner des traitements de surface pour l’industrie nécessite de prendre en compte :les propriétés à conférer au substrat, la nature et la géométrie de celui-ci et les caractéristiques du milieu extérieur. Certaines combinaisons de ces paramètres rendent difficile la sélection d’un traitement unique, d’où le recours à des multitraitements de surface. Dès lors, se posent les questions suivantes :

- Utiliser des multitraitements de surface peut se faire en scindant les différentes requêtes en sous-ensembles, de manière à ce que chaque traitement réponde à l’un d’eux. Dans quel ordre ces requêtes doivent-elles être introduites par rapport au substrat ?

- Comment sélectionner les traitements de surface répondant à chaque requête individuelle ?

- Comment classer des multitraitements en termes d’adéquation au problème posé ?

Dans ce travail, les première et troisième questions sont abordées, en explorant les requêtes concernant habituellement les dispositifs de moulage de l’aluminium :

- Résistance aux contraintes d’origine thermique.

- Résistance à la corrosion par les métaux fondus.

- Résistance au frottement.

L’analyse de la bibliographie relative aux traitements de surface utilisés dans ces systèmes a été analysée et des « architectures »-types ont été identifiées (chapitre 3). On prévoit, par exemple, un traitement conférant la résistance à la fatigue superficielle, ainsi qu’un revêtement étanche et résistant à l’aluminium fondu. Une barrière thermique est parfois préconisée.

Pour chacune des architectures, des traitements de surface individuels peuvent être sélectionnés. Un « facteur de performance » permettant de classer les solutions par rapport au problème de la fatigue thermique a été construit (chapitre 4) et discuté dans deux situations :

- Lorsqu’un revêtement est présent, et que les contraintes d’origine thermique (différence de dilatation thermique couche-substrat) menacent de le rompre lors de l’immersion dans un milieu corrosif à haute température. Des essais de corrosion dans de l’aluminium fondu ont été réalisés sur un acier revêtu par du nitrure de chrome dopé à l’aluminium, synthétisé par déposition physique en phase vapeur (chapitre 5 – collaboration :Inasmet).

- Lorsque des variations thermiques rapides menacent de rompre le substrat et la (les) couches. Des essais de fatigue thermique ont été réalisés sur de l’acier à outils pour travail à chaud non traité, boruré ou recouvert d’un multitraitements (zircone yttriée / NiCrAlY / boruration / acier). Le revêtement en zircone yttriée a été obtenu par projection par plasma. L’essai de fatigue thermique a été modélisé et le facteur de performance, discuté (chapitre 6).

Au chapitre 7, les architectures-types ont été introduites dans une méthodologie de sélection des multi-traitements de surface, qui a été appliquée dans deux cas :

- Celui des moules de fonderie, devant résister à la fatigue thermique et à la corrosion par l’aluminium fondu. Le facteur de performance a été extrapolé à d’autres situations qu’aux chapitres 5 et 6. Les solutions habituellement proposées pour résoudre ce problème sont retrouvées.

- Celui de deux pièces en acier frottant l’une contre l’autre en présence d’aluminium fondu.

To select surface treatments, one must account for the required functional properties, the substrate features and the solicitations the substrate must endure. Certain combinations of these parameters make it difficult to select a single surface treatment, a reason why several successive treatments are preferred. To select them, one needs to determine:

- How to divide the several requests into groups and how to stack up these groups from the substrate to the outer surface, so that each treatment deals with one specific group of requests/properties.

- How to select individual layers for each group of properties.

- How to rank the multi-treatments in terms of relevance for a given application.

In this work, one tries to answer the first and the third questions, by studying the case of aluminium foundry, in which the industrial devices frequently face the following solicitations:

- Thermal stress (thermal fatigue, thermal expansion mismatch).

- Presence of corrosive molten metal.

- Sliding wear.

In the literature, several “standard” architectures are proposed (chapter 3), like a diffusion layer reducing superficial fatigue plus a corrosion barrier layer. A thermal barrier coating is also sometimes proposed.

For each of these architectures, one can select individual treatments. To rank them, one devised a “performance index” for thermal stress (chap.4), which is discussed for two cases:

- For large differences between layer and substrate thermal expansion coefficients, when both are put into contact with a high temperature corrosive medium, the layer may be damaged. One discusses this case by examining the corrosion caused by molten aluminium for a steel substrate coated by anticorrosive chromium nitride doped with aluminium. The layer is produced by physical vapour deposition (chap. 5 – cooperation: Inasmet).

- Repeated fast surface temperature transients can also damage the substrate and/or the layer by thermal fatigue. One conducted thermal fatigue tests with samples of hot work tool steel, respectively untreated, simply borided and protected by a multilayer. In the last case, top coat is yttria stabilised zirconia, followed by a nickel superalloy and then a borided layer (undercoat). One synthesized the zirconia coating by plasma spray and one modelled the thermal fatigue (chap. 6).

In chap. 7, architectures from chap. 2 are introduced in a multi-treatment selection routine, which is applied in two cases:

- Foundry moulds for molten aluminium, withstanding both thermal fatigue and corrosion. The devised performance index is extrapolated beyond the tests of chap. 5 and 6 to treatments for this industrial application, thereby quantifying their respective merits.

- A foundry device exposed to molten metal and sliding wear.

Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Ribas, Carlos José Gonçalves. "Influence of geometry, surface roughness, operating conditions on mild wear in lubricated gear transmissions." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/86182.

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