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Journal articles on the topic 'Surfactant Formulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Borković, Aleksandra, Tatjana Botić, Dijana Drljača, et al. "OPTIMIZATION OF LIQUIDSOAP FORMULATION." Technologica acta 17, no. 1 (2024): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2232-7568.2023.17.1.49.

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The quality of liquid soap for washing hands depends on its chemical composition, and it is evaluated by the physicochemical and functional characteristics of that product. The aim of the work is to prepare different series of liquid soap formulations by varying the concentrations of anionic and amphoteric surfactantsand sodium chloride, and to optimize the formulation. The effects of the optimization were evaluated based on the results of the analysis of the physico-chemical parameters of the prepared formulations, such as density, viscosity, surface tension and critical concentration of mice

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2

Murtaza, Mobeen, Hafiz Mudaser Ahmad, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain, Mohamed Mahmoud, and Shirish Patil. "Evaluation of Clay Hydration and Swelling Inhibition Using Quaternary Ammonium Dicationic Surfactant with Phenyl Linker." Molecules 25, no. 18 (2020): 4333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184333.

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Water-based drilling fluids are extensively used for drilling oil and gas wells. However, water-based muds cause clay swelling, which severely affects the stability of wellbore. Due to two adsorption positions, it is expected that cationic gemini surfactants can reduce the clay swelling. In this work, quaternary ammonium dicationic gemini surfactants containing phenyl linkers and different counterions (Cl− and Br−) were synthesized, and the effect of variation in counterions on swelling and hydration properties of shales was studied. Numerous water-based drilling fluid formulations were prepar

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3

Petersen, Phil J., Lloyd C. Haderlie, Raymond H. Hoefer, and Ray S. McAllister. "Dicamba Absorption and Translocation as Influenced by Formulation and Surfactant." Weed Science 33, no. 5 (1985): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083156.

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Absorption and translocation of14C-dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) in seven salt formulations were determined 60 h after application to leaves of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’] grown in nutrient solution. The dimethylamine (DMA) formulation was consistently absorbed and retained in the plant in amounts equal to or greater (46% of recovered14C) than other formulations (which averaged 19% of recovered14C) when applied without surfactant. Absorption and subsequent retention of the DMA formulation in the plant was least affected of all formulations by the addition of a surfactant.

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Lakkad, Hardik A., and Vipul P. Patel. "Design Development and Characterisation of Mupirocin Loaded Emulsion Based Gel." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 13, no. 05 (2021): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2021.130512.

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The objective of the present study was to develop more retentive and effective drug delivery system for mupirocin. The research was going on in achieving effective formulation. Mupirocin is an anti-microbial agent that is used in wounds healing treatment. First Screening of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant for SEDDS carried out. Solubility of drug was investigated in different oils, surfactant and co-surfactants by UV method. A drug was dissolved in available oil in which it exhibited maximum solubility, then surfactant and co-surfactant were added in which drug showed maximum solubility, mix

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Mirgorodskaya, Alla B., Rushana A. Kushnazarova, Lucia Ya Zakharova, et al. "Enhanced Herbicidal Action of Clopyralid in the Form of a Supramolecular Complex with a Gemini Surfactant." Agronomy 13, no. 4 (2023): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13040973.

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Surfactants are often added to herbicidal formulations to improve the delivery of the herbicide into plants. In this study a new herbicidal formulation was formed based on the clopyralid with 0.01% gemini surfactant hexanediyl-1,6-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) (16-6-16) as an adjuvant. The increase in the efficiency of the formulation was associated with the formation of a supramolecular surfactant–herbicide complex (SMC), which has improved wetting properties, provides high clopyralid concentration on the leaf surface, and has higher penetrating ability compared to surfactant-free clopyr

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Vu, Van Tuan, Thi Huyen Trang Vu, and Thi Huong Trieu. "Study on the preparation of green tea hand wash gel." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 66, no. 7 (2024): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.66(7).51-54.

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Green tea exhibits beneficial effects on the skin, such as deodorization, antibacterial properties, sun protection, and antioxidant activity. Formulating hand wash from green tea leverages these advantages in personal hygiene products. This study was conducted to investigate the ratios of surfactants, thickeners, and moisturizers in the formulation of hand wash gel containing green tea. Nine different formulations with surfactant ratios ranging from 9-15%, thickener ratios 1-2%, and moisturizer ratios 5-9% were examined. Sensory characteristics, pH, dirt dispersion ability, viscosity, foam hei

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Dileep, J. Babu Bikkina Rajesh Vooturi Subhash Zade Narendra Reddy Tharigoppala Suresh Kumar Joshi. "Development And Assessment Of A Bcs Class II - SGLT2 (Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2) Inhibitor Drug In The Form Of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles By Selecting Different Lipids, Co-Surfactants, And Manufacturing Techniques." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 1, no. 12 (2024): 277–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14558598.

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Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) represent a promising drug delivery system capable of delivering a wide variety of drugs, including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. They can be customized for specific therapeutic applications, such as targeted drug delivery, sustained release, and reduced toxicity. The research focused on developing SLN formulations using emulsification-solvent evaporation and hot homogenization. This involved optimizing the concentrations of surfactants and co-surfactants/stabilizers to achieve stable formulations. Preliminary results indicated that the lipids and

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8

Mun, Jaehun, Yeji Jeon, Suhui Jeong, et al. "Ionic Character and Alkyl Chain Length of Surfactants Affect Titanium Dioxide Dispersion and Its UV-Blocking Efficacy." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 11035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142311035.

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The dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) determines the performance of TiO2-based formulations in cosmetic and coating applications. In particular, the chemical and structural characteristics of the surfactants used to prepare TiO2 dispersions are significant. However, the influence of surfactants on TiO2 dispersion quality has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we observed the effects of the ionic character of commercial surfactants on the dispersion stability and UV-blocking efficacy of TiO2. Among the experimental surfactant groups, anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate was effi

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Jiang, Lu Ming, Qing Zhe Jiang, Zhao Zheng Song, and Xiao Xiao. "Mixture of Different Surfactants Enhanced Chemical Flooding for Suijing Oil Recovery." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.688.

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We investigate six different surfactants in interfacial tension (IFT) between the surfactant solution and the crude oil from Suijng oilfield. Based on the measurement of interfacial tension, the anion surfactant Heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate (HABS) and non-ionic surfactant alkyl glycoside (APG) are selected for the formulation of mixed surfactant. The IFT between the mixed surfactant solution comprising the HABS and APG and crude oil from Suijing can be reduced to ultralow.The experimental results indicate that the selected mixed surfactant formulation (0.20%HABS+0.10%APG) has a good performanc

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Irfan, Muhammad, Mir Azam Khan, Aziz Ur Rehman, and Faiza Naureen. "Optimization of Lipid-Based Ketoconazole Nanoformulations Through Stirring Techniques and Ingredient Quantity Adjustments." Pharmaceutical Communications 3, no. 01 (2024): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.55627/pharma.003.001.0886.

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The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) classifies drugs on the basis of solubility and permeability. Ketoconazole belongs to class II drugs of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) which are characterized by high permeability but low solubility issues. The current research work aimed to formulate optimized nano-formulation for ketoconazole by altering stirring time, speed, and ingredient ratios. In this study, a stirring speed minimum of 600 rpm and a maximum of 1200 rpm was used. The minimum stirring time of 7 minutes and a maximum of 30 minutes was noted. Olive oil was

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Rao, J. Venkateswara, and T. Rama Mohan Reddy. "Formulation and Evaluation of Lercanidipine Loaded Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 11, no. 3 (2018): 4112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2018.11.3.5.

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In the present study, we sought to improve the solubility and bioavailability of lercanidipine HCl using self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). The extent of self-emulsification was checked with various oils with suitable surfactants and co-surfactants. The final optimized formulation contained Caproyl 90, Tween 80 and Labrosol as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively. Based on lercanidipine solubility analysis, ternary phase diagrams were constructed for optimizing the system. The formulations were evaluated for FTIR studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solubili

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Manasa, Sanke, and K. Anie Vijetha. "Formulation and Evaluation of Dabigatran Solid Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 10 (2022): 585–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i10.012.

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Dabigatran Etexilate (DE), a prodrug of dabigatran, is a strong oral, reversible, and direct thrombin inhibitor with low oral bioavailability because of active efflux via intestinal P-glycoprotein receptors. By creating a self-emulsifying drug delivery system, the current work largely focused on improving the solubility of dabigatran. Dabigatran is a BCS class II medication with high permeability and poor water solubility. UV-spectroscopy was used to determine Dabigatran's saturated solubility in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. Based on their maximum solubility and compatibili

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D. V. R. N., Bhikshapathi, and Priya Keerthi. "Design and Characterization of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems of Rosuvastatin." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 11, no. 2 (2018): 4042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2018.11.2.6.

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Development of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are becoming more popular to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Rosuvastatin is a lipid-lowering agent used in patients suffering from dyslipidemia. It is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A, which converts mevalonate to cholesterol. Rosuvastatin is a BCS class II (poor solubility) drug; hence, SNEDDS are being formulated to enhance oral bioavailability of the drug. In the present study, rosuvastatin SNEDDS were formulated using different oils, surfactant and co-surfactant.

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14

Athiyyah, Wafa'ul, Widji Soeratri, Noorma Rosita, and Siti Hartini Hamdan. "Optimization Using D-Optimal Design of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) with Variation of Surfactants and Co-surfactant." JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA 12, no. 1 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v12i12025.1-14.

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Background: Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are topical delivery systems designed to address the challenges associated with active ingredients, such as poor solubility and limited skin penetration. NLCs incorporate surfactants, such as sorbitan monooleate and lauryl glucoside, to stabilize the system, while the addition of soy lecithin as a co-surfactant further enhances NLC stability. A D-optimal design was employed to optimize the NLC components, ensuring that the formulation achieved the desired characteristics. Objective: To determine the optimal NLC formulation. Method: Optimization w

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15

J, Ramesh Babu, Ramu A, Vidyadhara S, and Balakrishna T. "Design and Evaluation of Telmisartan SMEDDS for Enhancing Solubility and Dissolution Rate." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 12, no. 6 (2019): 4721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.6.8.

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Telmisartan belongs to a BCS class II drug i.e. low solubility and high permeability. It is an angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker essentially used for the treatment and curing of hypertension. The critical problem facing with telmisartan as it shows low solubility in biological fluids which results into less bioavailability after oral administration. The aim of the present work is to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate of telmisartan by formulating an optimal SMEDDS formulation. SMEDDS were prepared by admixing method using Peceol and Captex 200 as oil phases. Labrafil M2125 as surfac

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Mahadeo, khose* Dr. Nilesh Jadhav Sugriv Ghodake Gajanan Patingrao Kiran Waghmare Kanchan Jamkar Ashok Dalimbe Thakursing Dinesh Pawar. "Formulation And Optimization Of Microemulsions For Improved Amlodipine Besylate Delivery." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 9 (2024): 646–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13754880.

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The development and optimization of microemulsions for the intranasal delivery of Amlodipine besylate, an antihypertensive drug, were investigated to address solubility and bioavailability issues commonly associated with oral and solid dosage forms. Given the challenges of first-pass metabolism and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), intranasal delivery offers a promising alternative. This study explored microemulsions as a vehicle for enhancing drug stability and delivery efficiency. Various formulation components were evaluated, including oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. Oleic acid emerged

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Thepwatee, Sukanya, Anchalee Pinket, and Sutthipong Rangauthok. "Strategic Development of Nanoemulsion Bases for Versatile Active Ingredient Incorporation." Materials Science Forum 1143 (December 26, 2024): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ch9zvc.

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Olive oil is widely used in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals, and oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions have gained attention in recent years due to their ease of preparation, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced efficacy. However, the high costs associated with advanced technologies hinder small enterprises from adopting these formulations, limiting global competitiveness. This study aims to develop olive oil-based nanoemulsions (ONEs) as versatile carriers for active ingredients in various industrial applications. The research focused on creating O/W nanoemulsions using the D-phase emulsification

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Preethi, G. B., H. N. Shivakumar, M. Ravi Kumar, and N. Sweta. "PROTOTYPE SELF EMULSIFYING SYSTEM OF ETRAVIRINE: DESIGN, FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 2 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i2.22714.

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Objective: Lipid-based formulations have gained much attention, particularly on self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), to improve the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop and evaluate prototype SEDDS of poorly soluble antiviral BCS class IV drug etravirine.Methods: Various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants were screened for their suitability in the formulation of SEDDS. Based on the screening, gelucire 44/14, as the oil, labrasol as a surfactant and transcutol HP as the co-surfactant were selected. SEDDS with drug etravirine

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19

Ganie, Kenny, Muhammad A. Manan, Arif Ibrahim, and Ahmad Kamal Idris. "An Experimental Approach to Formulate Lignin-Based Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019 (March 4, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4120859.

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The higher cost of chemical surfactants has been one of the main reasons for their limited used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process. Hence, the reason for developing lignin-based surfactant is to lower the cost of chemicals as it does not tie to the price of crude oil as compared to petroleum-based surfactants. Besides, lignin is biodegradable and easily extracted from plant waste. The objectives of this study are to determine the formulations of the lignin-based surfactant for EOR applications and to determine the oil recovery performance of the formulated surfactants through surfactant fl

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Datir, Kirti, Harshada Shinde, and Amit P. Pratap. "Preparation of a Gemini Surfactant from Mixed Fatty Acid and its Use in Cosmetics." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 58, no. 1 (2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2020-2278.

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Abstract Among the surfactants, dimeric surfactants represent a niche group with multifunctional properties. In this work a modified gemini surfactant was synthesized using symmetrical fatty acids. Due to the spacers used to combine the two symmetrical monomers, the synthesized gemini surfactant is cationic. The structure of the compound was confirmed with 1H-NMR. The most advantageous property of the gemini surfactant is that it has a lower surface tension, i. e. less than 35 mNm–1 at 25°C, compared to monomeric surfactants. The surface tension was determined with a Kyowa tensiometer. The CMC

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Fayza BAGHLI and Nassima MOUSSAOUI-KHEDAM. "Optimization of the experimental design parameters for synthesis of Fluconazole loaded transethosomes as nano-based antifungal vesicles." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 28, no. 3 (2024): 071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.28.3.0317.

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Introduction: Antifungal drugs formulated in conventional pharmaceutical forms are not fully effective due to various factors. New approaches have focused on transdermal delivery drugs, including transethosomes, where the mixture of ethanol and surfactant allows a deeper drug skin’s penetration. Formulation parameters and process variables can make their optimization a considerable challenge. This study aimed to formulate Fluconazole-loaded transethosomes using a full-factorial design with the goal of optimizing formulation and process variables. Method: Fluconazole transethosomes were develop

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Darna, Bhikshapathi, and Sujitha Katuri. "Design and Characterization of Ceritinib Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 13, no. 03 (2020): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2021.130316.

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Objective: The main objective of the current study was to develop ceritinib SNEDDS for the improvement of solubility, permeability, and drug release. Methods: Solubility of ceritinib was studied in various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants, and based on its maximum solubility, an oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant were chosen (captex355, tergitol, and propylene glycol) and mixed in varying ratios, the ratios with no phase separation, maximum transmittance and clear in appearance were identified and used for plotting pseudo tertiary phase diagram. Fifteen selfnanoemulsifying drug delivery s

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JL, Salager. "Enhanced Oil Recovery by Surfactant Injection was improved during the Last 50 Years Thanks to the Multivariable HLD Formulation Equation." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000356.

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This report reviews the progress in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) through surfactant injection over the past half century from 1974, with a specific focus on the role of the multivariable Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Deviation (HLD) formulation equation in different expressions. This equation has been instrumental in optimizing surfactant formulations for EOR, enabling the fine-tuning of surfactant types and properties to match specific reservoir conditions like brine salinity, crude characteristic, temperature and even pressure. This short assesment discusses the evolution of surfactant types, and th

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Clothier, Richard H., Joanne Morris, and William T. Lankford. "The Evaluation of Pesticide Ingredients and Formulations In Vitro and Correlations with In Vivo Data." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 23, no. 5 (1995): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299502300520.

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Pesticides are often insoluble directly in aqueous solvents, but can be dissolved/suspended in surfactant-uased formulations. Both surfactants and pesticides can induce irritation. Since a single in vitro assay has proved inadequate for evaluating the toxicity of a chemical and its ability to cause an irritant response, a combination of assays was employed to examine the potential toxicities of two pesticide formulations. The surfactant-based vehicles had toxicities that reflected their surfactant concentration. The formulation containing 5% permethrin required a more concentrated vehicle than

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Shah, Raj, Richard Ashby, and Amanda Loo. "Performance enhancements in select industrial applications using surfactants, surfactant additives, and thermostable enzymes." INFORM International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials 32, no. 10 (2021): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/inform.11.2021.18.

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Household detergents have undergone many formulation updates to improve the cleaning power of surfactants and to adapt formulations to specific applications. This paper focuses on more recent developments in the use of surfactants for household as well as industrial use. Specific examples include the use of enzymes derived from moderately thermophilic bacteria as laundry detergent additives, the use of surfactants and surfactant additives in the manufacture of warm mix asphalt, and the use of foaming agents in chemical enhanced oil recovery.

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Shilakari Asthana, Gyati, Parveen Kumar Sharma, and Abhay Asthana. "In VitroandIn VivoEvaluation of Niosomal Formulation for Controlled Delivery of Clarithromycin." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6492953.

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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating clarithromycin (CLR) containing niosomal formulation forin vitroandin vivopharmacokinetic behavior. Niosomal formulations (empty and drug loaded) were prepared by using different ratio of surfactant (various Span grades 20, 40, 60, and 80) and cholesterol by thin film hydration method and were evaluated forin vitrocharacteristics, stability studies, andin vivostudy. Dicetyl phosphate (DCP) was added to the niosomal formulation. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma of male SD rats. Span 60 containing niosomal

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Mounika, P., P. Vishnu, and Abbulu Konde. "Development and characterization of self micro emulsifying drug delivery system of rosavastatin." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2018): 001–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4307465.

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The present study was undertaken to enhance solubility and dissolution rate of rosuvastatin by formulating it as a self -micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). The SMEDDS were prepared by using castor oil and sesame oil as oils, Tween 80 as surfactant and PEG 200 as co-surfactant. The prepared SMEDDS were further evaluated for drug content, thermodynamic stability and <em>in vitro</em> drug release. Among all the formulations the drug release for F2 formulation was 99.70% in 120 min. So it was considered as the optimized formulation. The selected optimized F2 formulation wa

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Alhilfi, Ali Z. A., Ali Z. A. Alhilfi, Wael A. Swadi, and Agha M. Ahmed. "Preparation and Characterization of Oil Nanoemulsion Formulations of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.)." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 34, no. 2 (2021): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.06.

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This study aims to prepper stable thermodynamically dilutable nanoemulsion formulation of Beauveria bassiana with the lowest surfactant concentration that could improve its solubility stability. Formulations were prepared from oil in the water nanoemulsion region of phase diagrams subjected to thermodynamic stability tests. We found propanetriol was the highest germination rate at 5% and 10% concentration, 46.66 and 53.33%, respectively. Castor oil achieved a 43.00 germination rate at 1%. Tween 80 gave 54.33 % germination rate at 10%. While Tween 20 showed a 48 % germination rate at 5%. At the

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Shilpa, Chaudhari Devendra S. Shirode Pooja Narevkar. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EMULGEL FOR WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 07, no. 09 (2017): 448–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036468.

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The study was designed with the aim to evaluate metformin and atorvastatin for its wound Healing activity.Two different formulations of Metformin emulgel and atorvastatin emulgel were formulated using Design expert 9.0 .The drugs were first screened for its solubility in various surfactant, co-surfactants and oils. The solvents having maximum solubility was selected for the microemulsion formulation. LAS (Linear Alkyl benzene Sulfonate), Span 80 and Almond oil were selected as Surfactant, co-surfactant and oil respectively. Micro-emulsion formulation was optimized using ternary phase diagram,

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Mohd, Hana, Katarzyna Dopierała, Anze Zidar, Amitkumar Virani, and Bozena Michniak-Kohn. "Effect of Edge Activator Combinations in Transethosomal Formulations for Skin Delivery of Thymoquinone via Langmuir Technique." Scientia Pharmaceutica 92, no. 2 (2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm92020029.

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Abstract: Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive compound found in Nigella sativa seeds, possesses diverse therapeutic properties for skin conditions. However, formulating TQ presents challenges due to its hydrophobic nature and chemical instability, which hinder its skin penetration. Transethosomes, as a formulation, offer an environment conducive to enhancing TQ’s solubility, stability, and skin permeation. To optimize TQ transethosomal formulations, we introduced a combination of ionic and nonionic surfactants, namely Tween 20 and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or sodium lauroyl glutamate (SLG). Surfa

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Wright, Harry Charles, Duncan Drummond Cameron, and Anthony John Ryan. "Rational Design of a Polyurethane Foam." Polymers 14, no. 23 (2022): 5111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235111.

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Polyurethane (PU) foams are exceptionally versatile due to the nature of PU bond formation and the large variety of polymeric backbones and formulation components such as catalysts and surfactants. This versatility introduces a challenge, namely a near unlimited number of variables for formulating foams. In addition to this, PU foam development requires expert knowledge, not only in polyurethane chemistry but also in the art of evaluating the resulting foams. In this work, we demonstrate that a rational experimental design framework in conjunction with a design of experiments (DoE) approach re

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Velloso, María Inés, Héctor Alfredo Andreeta, and María Fabiana Landoni. "Effect of two surfactants on in vitro permeation of butorphanol through horse nasal mucosa." Uniciencia 35, no. 2 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.35-2.1.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two surfactants on in vitro permeation of butorphanol through equine nasal mucosa. Franz diffusion cells and equine nasal mucosa were used. Three formulations were developed based on citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium chloride, and butorphanol tartrate and administered at a 24.4 g cm-3 dose. Control formulation lacked any penetration enhancer. Formulation 1 (F1) had a cationic surfactant (cetrimonium bromide) and formulation 2 (F2) had a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80). Statistically comparing flux values at the steady state (Jss), ap

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Yusoff, Siti Fairuz, Farah Farhanah Haron, Norhayu Asib, Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed, and Siti Izera Ismail. "Development of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract Emulsion Formulations in Controlling Gray Mold Disease on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (2021): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020373.

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Postharvest fruits including tomatoes are commonly infected by gray mold disease resulting in significant economic losses in the fruit industry. Therefore, this study aimed to develop botanical fungicide derived from Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract to control gray mold on tomato. The emulsion formulation containing surfactant, oil carrier and water was optimized at different non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside surfactants through eleven combinations of oil to surfactant ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1 and 10:0 w/w). From eight selected formulations, two formulations, F5 and

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Kong Zheng Chen, Randy, and Sia Chee Wee. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ALPHA-OLEFIN SULFONATE (AOS), COCO GLUCOSIDE AND DECANE IN CREATING WINSOR TYPE-III MICROEMULSION." Platform : A Journal of Engineering 5, no. 3 (2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/pajevol5iss3art14402.

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Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) shows great potential in maximizing the recovery of bypassed oil remains unrecovered in the reservoir after applying conventional oil recovery methods. Surfactant injection is a chemical enhanced oil recovery method that can improve the overall displacement efficiency and increase hydrocarbon production. The application of surfactant flooding is challenging due to the complexity of the design. On top of that, most of the utilized surfactants are not environmentally friendly. The formulation of the microemulsion system directly impacts the success of a surfactant inj

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Southwick, Jeffrey G., Carl van Rijn, Esther van den Pol, et al. "Advantages of an APS/AES Seawater-Based Surfactant Polymer Formulation." SPE Journal 25, no. 06 (2020): 3494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/190296-pa.

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Summary A low-complexity chemical flooding formulation has been developed for application in offshore environments. The formulation uses seawater with no additional water treatment beyond that which is normally performed for waterflooding (filtration, deoxygenation, etc.). The formulation is a mixture of an alkyl propoxy sulfate (APS) and an alkyl ethoxy sulfate (AES) with no cosolvent. With seawater only (no salinity gradient), the blend of APS and AES gives substantially higher oil recovery than a blend of APS and internal olefin sulfonate (IOS) in outcrop sandstone. This formulation also re

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B, Archana, Sahithi Sri Charani Yallapragada, Sony Pawar, Sathvika D, and Sathwika Gotham. "Formulation, Evaluation, and Characterization of Indapamide Niosomes." Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2024): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v4i2.609.

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Niosomes, also known as nonionic surfactant vesicles, are one of the many carriers used to carry drug molecules to their target sites. They can hold both hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines. Indapamide is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure. Niosomes containing Indapamide were created utilizing the thin film hydration process with various cholesterol concentrations and nonionic surfactants (span 60). All noisome formulations were assessed for entrapment efficiency, drug content, reproducibility, vesicular diameter, shape a

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B, Archana. "Formulation, Evaluation, and Characterization of Indapamide Niosomes." Formulation, Evaluation, and Characterization of Indapamide Niosomes 4, no. 2 (2024): 68–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14652003.

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Niosomes, also known as nonionic surfactant vesicles, are one of the many carriers used to carry drug molecules to their target sites. They can hold both hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines. Indapamide is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure. Niosomes containing Indapamide were created utilizing the thin film hydration process with various cholesterol concentrations and nonionic surfactants (span 60). All noisome formulations were assessed for entrapment efficiency, drug content, reproducibility, vesicular diameter, shape a

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Pupe, Carolina Gonçalves, Juliana Marciano Ayala, Cassia Britto Detoni, and Edison Luis Santana Carvalho. "Nanoencapsulation of buriti oil: influence of formulation variables through experimental design." Brazilian Journal of Development 11, no. 6 (2025): e80482. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv11n6-052.

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The nanoencapsulation of buriti oil enhances skin coverage and potentiates its antioxidant and wound-healing activities by protecting bioactive compounds and improving topical application. This study aimed to optimize nanocapsule formulations through experimental design. A full 2³ factorial design was employed, varying the concentrations of surfactant (0.15 to 0.75 g), polymer, and buriti oil, generating 18 formulations. Nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial polymer deposition and characterized by dynamic light scattering and electrophoretic mobility to determine mean diameter, polydispers

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Abdullahi, Wasiu, Martin Crossman, and Peter Charles Griffiths. "Surfactant-Modulation of the Cationic-Polymer-Induced Aggregation of Anionic Particulate Dispersions." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020287.

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Commodity formulations contain many chemically distinct components and their mutual interactions define the beneficial characteristics of the formulation. Mixing oppositely charged polymers and surfactants invariably induces macroscopic phase separation, to a degree dependent on the prevailing polymer and surface charge densities, and the interaction can be modulated by added ionic surfactants. Here, it is shown that a general universality exists between the charge present on a series of cationic-modified cellulose polymers—the charge being controlled either by the degree of cationic modificat

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Lina, Eka Candra, Rusdi Rusli, Rayhan Fadhlurrahman, Rusli Rustam, Novri Nelly, and Rina Novia Yanti. "Potential of a Palm Oil-Based Surfactant in Nanoemulsion Formulation for Botanical Insecticide Piper aduncum." AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 47, no. 1 (2025): 74. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v47i1.4382.

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<p>Palm oil-based surfactants have the potential to be used as botanical insecticide formulations that are environmental friendly. This study was aimed to obtain information on the potential of palm oil-based surfactants as substitutes of synthetic surfactants in the preparation of botanical insecticide formulations to control <em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em>in organic farming. The experiment consisted of two stages, namely the stability test (surfactant and formulation) and the second stages were to test the insecticidal activity of the formulation against the targeted insect

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K, Mahalaxmi, and Sailu Ch. "Design, Optimization and Evaluation of Repaglinide Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery for Enhanced Solubility." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 10, no. 6 (2017): 3920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.6.8.

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The aim of study was to develop self-nanoemulsifying systems of poorly water-soluble drug repaglinide, which is an antidiabetic drug in the class of medications known as meglitinides. Solubility of repaglinide in oily phases and surfactants was determined to identify components of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). Surfactants and oil was selected based on solubility studies were further screened for their efficiency in formulation. Acrysol K 150, Kolliphor EL and Capmul MCM were selected as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively. Formulation F8 was found to be optimiz

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Buruju Vennela, Arumugam Siva Kumar, Kassa Jyothi, and Arumugam Yasodha. "Development and characterization of Decitabine Niosomes." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (2024): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.19.1.0445.

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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating Decitabine containing niosomes formulation for In Vitro studies. Niosomal formulations were prepared by using different ratio of surfactant (Tween 80 and Tween 20) and cholesterol by thin film hydration method and were evaluated for In Vitro characteristics, stability studies. Span 20 containing niosomal formulation displayed highest entrapment efficiency with desired particle size. SEM analyses showed that niosomal formulation was spherical in shape. Niosomes containing Tween 20 displayed higher percentage of drug release after 8 h a

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Kumar, Mukesh, Nitin Sahu, Mohammad Israr, et al. "Formulation and Evaluation of Multiple Emulation of Diclofenac Sodium." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (2023): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50220.

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Abstract: Multiple emulsion is novel approach of drug delivery system for enhancement of bioavailability and pharmacological activity. It is important to prevent the problem of oral drugdelivery system and they are stabilized by using of combination of hydrophilic and lipophilic surfactant. The specific ratio of surfactant concentration is responsible for maintaining the stability of multiple emulsions, the importance of this study was to prepare multiple emulsion of Diclofenac sodium by using two step emulsification process, by using the non-ionic surfactant units. In multiple emulsion, the s

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Mulia, Kamarza, Gitasha Afiyah Putri, and Elsa Krisanti. "Encapsulation of Mangosteen Extract in Virgin Coconut Oil Based Nanoemulsions: Preparation and Characterization for Topical Formulation." Materials Science Forum 929 (August 2018): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.929.234.

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Nanoemulsions containing extract of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) rind has been developed and characterized as a topical formulation. The encapsulation of mangosteen extract in nanoemulsions is considered a promising strategy to utilize the available bioactive compounds, particularly α-mangostin. In this study, a high-speed homogenization method was used to produce nanoemulsions of virgin coconut oil as the oil phase, combined Tween 80 and Span 80 as the oil-in-water surfactant, and distilled water as the aqueous phase. The homogenizer speed, oil and surfactant composition, and, hydrophi

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Devendiran, Sundar Vankayala, Vijayalakshmi Rajendran, and Dhanaraju Magharla Dasaratha. "Novel Clarithromycin Loaded Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Amplification of Solubility and Oral Bioavailability." Der Pharma Chemica 15, no. 4 (2023): 9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13320267.

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SEDDS (self-emulsifying drug delivery system) are of particularly relevant for the production of isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and drug in order to solve their physicochemical problems. Clarithromycin (CLA), a macrolide, has a 50 percent absolute bioavailability. The goal of this work was to create a liquid SEDDS system for CLA in order to increase solubility by increasing interfacial surface area and thereby boosting absorption. Clarithromycin SEDDS were produced with isopropyl myristate as the oily phase, Cremophor EL, Tween 80, Brij 58 as surfactants, and isopropyl a

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Sundar, Vankayala Devendiran, Rajendran Vijayalakshmi, and Magharla Dasaratha Dhanaraju. "Novel Clarithromycin Loaded Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Amplification of Solubility and Oral Bioavailability." DER PHARMA CHEMICA 15, no. 4 (2023): 9. https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-413X.15.4.5-13.

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SEDDS (self-emulsifying drug delivery system) are of particularly relevant for the production of isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and drug in order to solve their physicochemical problems. Clarithromycin (CLA), a macrolide, has a 50 percent absolute bioavailability. The goal of this work was to create a liquid SEDDS system for CLA in order to increase solubility by increasing interfacial surface area and thereby boosting absorption. Clarithromycin SEDDS were produced with isopropyl myristate as the oily phase, Cremophor EL, Tween 80, Brij 58 as surfactants, and isopropyl a

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Patel, Swati, Prabhat Jain, and Geeta Parkhe. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ACYCLOVIR LOADED NOVEL NANO-EMULSION GEL FOR TOPICAL TREATMENT OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRAL INFECTIONS." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (2018): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1968.

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Acyclovir has low bioavailability mainly due to low solubility. This study aimed to formulate an optimized acyclovir (ACV) nanoemulsion gel for the slow, variable and incomplete oral drug absorption in patient suffering from herpes simplex viral infection. The dispersion solubility of acyclovir was studied in various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants and by constructing pseudo phase ternary diagram nanoemulsion area was identified. The optimized formulations of nanoemulsions were subjected to thermodynamic stability tests. After stability study, stable formulation was characterized for drop

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Buruju, Vennela, Siva Kumar Arumugam, Jyothi Kassa, and Yasodha Arumugam. "Development and characterization of Decitabine Niosomes." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (2024): 382–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13789911.

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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating Decitabine containing niosomes formulation for <em>In Vitro </em>studies. Niosomal formulations were prepared by using different ratio of surfactant (Tween 80 and Tween 20) and cholesterol by thin film hydration method and were evaluated for <em>In Vitro </em>characteristics, stability studies. Span 20 containing niosomal formulation displayed highest entrapment efficiency with desired particle size. SEM analyses showed that niosomal formulation was spherical in shape. Niosomes containing Tween 20 displayed higher

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Podoprigora, Dmitriy, Mikhail Rogachev, and Roman Byazrov. "Surfactant–Polymer Formulation for Chemical Flooding in Oil Reservoirs." Energies 18, no. 7 (2025): 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071814.

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A significant part of oil fields has reached a late stage of development, where technologies aimed at increasing the oil recovery factor are becoming particularly relevant. One such technology is surfactant–polymer flooding. To implement this technology, it is necessary to select a chemical formulation that retains its properties under reservoir conditions and enhances the efficiency of water flooding. This work presents a laboratory evaluation of various polymer and surfactant samples to develop an effective chemical formulation. The results demonstrate that anionic surfactants based on sodiu

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Nurfalah, Dita Auliya, Erin Ryantin Gunawan, Dedy Suhendra, and Wahidah Fajrin. "Application of Alkyletanolamide Surfactants Based on Nyamplung (Callophylum Inophylum L.) Seed Oil in Cream Base." FITOFARMAKA: JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI 13, no. 1 (2023): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.6196.

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Cream preparation is cosmetic preparation consisting of aqueous and oil phases that immiscible. Thus, a surfactant with hydrophilic and lipophilic groups is needed to reduce the interfacial tension between the two phases. Petroleum-based surfactants such as Triethanolamine (TEA) are often used in the cosmetic industry. In this study, however, alkyletanolamide surfactant synthesized from vegetable oil was used. Nyamplung, Callophylum inophylum L. (C. inophylum) oil is one of non-commercial vegetable oil that can be used as a substitute to produce surfactants. The aims of this study was to apply

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