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Books on the topic 'Surgery prognosis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Hepworth, Michael J. Prognosis of endodontic failure management: Orthograde retreatment vs. apical surgery. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto], 1995.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Neuroblastoma: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2012.

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3

1923-, Frowein R. A., Brock M. 1938-, and Klinger M. 1943-, eds. Head injuries: Prognosis, evoked potentials, microsurgery, brain death. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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Hayat, M. A. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis: Brain Cancer. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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5

International Symposium on the Impact of Cardiac Surgery on the Quality of Life: Neurological and Psychological Aspects (3rd 1989 New York, N.Y.). Impact of cardiac surgery on the quality of life: Neurological and psychological aspects. Plenum Press, 1990.

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6

Hayat, M. A. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis: Ovarian Cancer, Renal Cancer, Urogenitary tract Cancer, Urinary Bladder Cancer, Cervical Uterine Cancer, Skin Cancer, Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma and Sarcoma. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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7

Achkasov, Evgeniy, Andrey Pugaev, Maksim Zabelin, and Vladislav Posudnevskiy. Acute pancreatitis: clinic, diagnosis, treatment. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/995531.

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The textbook consistently highlights the issues of anatomy and physiology of the pancreas, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis. Special attention is paid to determining the severity and prognosis of the disease. Modern approaches to treatment taking into account the severity of the disease, features of suppression of secretory activity of the pancreas and the role of nutritional support in the complex treatment of acute pancreatitis are presented. Attention is drawn to the timing of minimally invasive interventions for uninfec

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8

1949-, Hawkins Richard, ed. Surgery. Heinemann Medical, 1986.

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9

Treatment and Prognosis: Surgery (Treatment and Prognosis). Butterworth-Heinemann, 1986.

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10

Treatment and Prognosis: Medicine (Treatment and Prognosis). Butterworth-Heinemann, 1986.

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11

Barrett, Chad L. Abdominal Injuries: Risk Factors, Management and Prognosis. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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12

McKellar, Daniel P. Prognosis and Outcomes in Surgical Disease. QUALITY MEDICAL PUBLISHING, 1999.

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13

Methods Of Cancer Diagnosis Therapy And Prognosis Breast Carcinoma. Springer, 2008.

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14

L, Fielding J. W., and Allum W. H, eds. Premalignancy and early cancer in general surgery. Oxford University Press, 1996.

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15

Taggart, David, and Yasir Abu-Omar. Heart surgery. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0098.

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Cardiac surgery is still a relatively young specialty, having been developed only in the latter half of the twentieth century with the introduction of extracorporeal circulation or ‘cardiopulmonary bypass’ (CPB). This initiated the era of open heart surgery, initially allowing the repair of congenital heart defects, then valve replacements, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and, finally, heart transplantation. Over the last two decades, improvements in medical, anaesthetic, and surgical management of patients, allied to refinements in extracorporeal perfusion technology, have resulted in

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16

Hayat, M. A. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis: Breast Carcinoma. Springer, 2009.

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17

Toner, Andrew, Mark Hamilton, and Maurizio Cecconi. Post-surgery, post-anaesthesia complications. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0047.

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Postoperative complications are common in high-risk surgical populations and are associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes. Morbidity can be identified using prospective assessment of pathological criteria, or deviations from the ideal postoperative course requiring clinical intervention. While infections are the most prevalent complication type, morbidity affecting the heart, lungs, kidneys, or brain carry the worst prognosis. Specific pathophysiological processes drive morbidity in each organ system. In addition, dysfunction of the cardiovascular and immune systems can lead to m

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18

AlJaroudi, Wael. Risk Assessment Before Noncardiac Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0014.

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Perioperative risk assessment is essential in screening patients before noncardiac surgery. Cardiovascular complications such as fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), ventricular arrhythmia, pulmonary edema, and stroke are important in-hospital causes of morbidity and mortality intra and post-operatively. The optimal approach is to identify patients at increased risk so that appropriate testing and therapeutic interventions are undertaken a priori to minimize such risk. The initial preoperative evaluation includes identification of surgery-specific risk, patient exercise functional c

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19

Frowein, R. A. Head Injuries: Prognosis, Evoked Potentials, Microsurgery, Brain Death (Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Neurochirurgie // Proceedings of the Annual Congress). Springer, 1989.

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20

Russo, Francesca, Tim Van Mieghem, and Jan Deprest. Fetal medicine, fetal anaesthesia, and fetal surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0007.

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Advances in prenatal imaging and the introduction of screening policies enable identification of high-risk pregnancies which can be followed up more meticulously. First-trimester evaluation is also used for assessment of risk for fetal anomalies. Further investigation may reveal a fetal anomaly. When the prognosis is poor, and treatment cannot wait until birth, fetal intervention may be warranted. This can be medical or surgical, some as simple as a needle-guided fetal blood transfusion. Over the last two decades, fetal surgery has become more popular, boosted by instrument development for min

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21

Head Injuries: Tumors of the Cerebellar Region. Springer, 2011.

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22

Earlstein, Frederick. Charcot Marie Tooth Disease: Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Doctors, Nervous Disorders, Prognosis, Research, History, Surgery, and More! Facts & Information. NRB Publishing, 2016.

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23

Vukmir, Rade B. Outcome of the Critically Ill: Medicine, Surgery and Trauma. Informa Healthcare, 2001.

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24

Sugarbaker, Paul H. Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Drugs and Diseases. Springer London, Limited, 2011.

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25

H, Sugarbaker Paul, ed. Peritoneal carcinomatosis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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26

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Principles of Management. Springer My Copy UK, 1996.

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27

Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis: General Overviews, Head and Neck Cancer and Thyroid Cancer. Springer Netherlands, 2010.

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28

Kwon, Rachel J. Child-Pugh Score for Mortality in Cirrhosis. Edited by Rachel J. Kwon. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0047.

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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark historical study in surgery deriving the Child-Pugh score for mortality in cirrhosis. It describes the history of the disease, gives a summary of the study including study design and results, and relates the study to a modern-day principle of evidence-based medicine: prognosis studies. There is a critical need for prognostic tools for selecting appropriate patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension for surgical intervention. The development of the Child-Pugh score, and now the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, has provided

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29

(Editor), G. Rodewald, and A. E. Willner (Editor), eds. Impact of Cardiac Surgery on the Quality of Life (The Language of Science). Springer, 1991.

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30

Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Amen Sibtain. Colorectal cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0015_update_001.

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Breast cancer reviews the epidemiology and aetiology of this malignancy, with particular attention to the genetics underlying familial breast cancer, its pathology along with its receptors, oestrogen receptor (ER), the growth factor receptor HER2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the bearing these have on treatment and prognosis. The benefits of breast cancer screening in the population and families at higher risk are discussed. Presenting symptoms and signs are followed by investigation including examination, bilateral mammography, and core biopsy of suspicious lesions. Manage

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31

Ajzensztejn, Daniel. Prostate cancer. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0326.

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Prostate cancer is the commonest male malignancy, with approximately 35 000 new cases in the UK annually, equating to a lifetime risk of 1 in 10. When diagnosed early, it has a high chance of cure with surgery, external beam radiotherapy, or brachytherapy. Even for metastatic disease, the prognosis is usually several years.

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32

O’Brien, Tim, and Amit Patel. Kidney cancer. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0088.

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Despite advances in imaging techniques, many patients with renal cancer still present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Surgical resection remains the main stay of treatment for locally advanced disease, but is technically challenging and survival remains limited. Progression free and overall survival following nephrectomy are dependent on many factors including pathological T-stage, lymph node status, and Fuhrman grade. Patients presenting with metastatic disease still have a poor prognosis and the use of multimodal therapy has yet to deliver dramatic improvements in outcomes, with

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33

Schiff, David, Jonathan Sherman, and Paul D. Brown. Metastatic tumours: spinal cord, plexus, and peripheral nerve. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0020.

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Systemic cancers produce substantial neurological morbidity when they spread to the spinal epidural space, producing epidural spinal cord compression—a neurological emergency. Less often, metastases spread directly to spinal cord parenchyma to manifest as intramedullary spinal cord metastasis or result in peripheral nerve dysfunction via compression of the brachial, lumbosacral, or, rarely, the cervical plexus. This chapter reviews the clinical manifestations and risk factors for development of these entities, the diagnostic approach, management options including the role of surgery, radiation

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34

Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Madhumita Bhattacharyya. Skin cancers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0023_update_001.

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Tumours of the central nervous system examines the epidemiology, aetiology, genetics and pathology of these heterogeneous tumours. Clinical presentation reflects the site of origin and rate of growth. Investigation usually comprises imaging (MRI superior to CT for most), and biopsy; requirement for additional staging depends on pathology. The treatment of low-grade gliomas may be delayed if small with few symptoms, otherwise surgery and/or radiotherapy. High grade gliomas may be managed with surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy in fit patients. Unfit patients should be offered

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35

Ripamonti, Carla I., Alexandra M. Easson, and Hans Gerdes. Bowel obstruction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0143.

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In this chapter, malignant bowel obstruction is defined as the clinical presentation of patients with symptoms, signs, and radiographic evidence of obstruction to the transit of gastrointestinal contents caused by cancer, or the consequences of anticancer therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Malignant bowel obstruction secondary to cancer or its treatments is encountered relatively frequently in supportive care as well as in in hospice/palliative care practice, carries a poor prognosis, and is associated with significant symptoms. Careful clinical assessment and an un

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36

Wehner, Tim, Kanjana Unnwongse, and Beate Diehl. Focal epilepsy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0028.

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This chapter examines the neurophysiology of focal epilepsy. It discusses the principles of EEG source localization. This is followed by a presentation of nonspecific and epileptiform interictal EEG findings and ictal EEG patterns seen in focal epilepsy, along with normal EEG variants that may be mistaken for epileptiform features. Seizure semiologies and ictal and interictal EEG findings in mesial and neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy, orbitofrontal, dorsolateral, and mesial frontal epilepsy, insular epilepsy, and parietal and occipital epilepsy are presented with illustrative case discussio

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37

Grisoli, Dominique, and Didier Raoult. Prevention and treatment of endocarditis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0161.

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Initially always lethal, the prognosis of infective endocarditis (IE) has been revolutionized by antibacterial therapy and valve surgery. Nevertheless, it remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases, with ≥30% of patients dying within a year of diagnosis. Its incidence has also remained stable at 25–50 cases per million per year, and results predominantly from a combination of bacteraemia and a predisposing cardiac condition, including endocardial lesions and/or intracardiac foreign material. While antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended by various learned societies to cover healthcare proc

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38

Lancellotti, Patrizio, and Bernard Cosyns. Heart Valve Disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713623.003.0007.

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Echocardiography plays a major role in the evaluation, monitoring and decision making of patients with valvular heart disease. This chapter examines the aetiologies, haemodynamic measurements, and various consequences in aortic, mitral and pulmonary valve stenosis. It also describes how to assess patients with valvular regurgitation (mitral, aortic and pulmonary), valvular prosthesis and definite or suspected infective endocarditis. For each condition, echocardiographic features of poor prognosis, including complications, embolic risk, and the timing for surgery are discussed. Indications for

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39

Brown, Christina, and Meredith Kato. Neuroblastoma. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0033.

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Neuroblastoma is a solid tumor that arises from neural crest cells. It is a common cancer of childhood, accounting for 7.8% of all childhood malignancy. It affects primarily infants and toddlers with older children carrying a worse prognosis. While surgery is a primary treatment modality, these tumors are not well encapsulated and tend to invade adjacent structures making resection more difficult. As such, patients often come to the operating room after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the surgeries can be long with large blood losses. Anesthesia for the resection for neuroblastoma must take into

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40

Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 61-Year-Old Male with Severe Shoulder and Cervical Pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0007.

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Severe shoulder pain in the absence of a clear orthopedic cause may be due to acute brachial plexitis. Numbness and tingling in association with weakness and muscle atrophy that cannot be accounted for by a single nerve or nerve root distribution suggests the diagnosis. Additional clues suggesting brachial plexitis include intensity of shoulder pain and antecedent events such as illness, vaccination, injury, unusual physical activity or surgery. The approach to diagnosis of plexitis/plexopathy and appropriate evaluation for etiology are discussed. Management of this condition is conservative,

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41

Huntoon, Kristin, and J. Bradley Elder. High-Grade Gliomas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0001.

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Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. This chapter discusses the clinical presentation and initial workup for a patient with a suspected glioblastoma, as well as the optimal treatment strategy and prognosis. Diagnosis is typically made using magnetic resonance imaging. Optimal treatment involves maximal safe surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Surgical adjuncts including intraoperative imaging modalities and brain mapping techniques help improve neurologic morbidity associated with surgery. Despite maximal treatment, virtually al

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42

Eseonu, Chikezie I., Jordina Rincon-Torroella, and Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa. Unusual Gliomas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0002.

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Patients with intra-axial brain tumors often present with neurologic symptoms based on the anatomic location of their tumor. Workup for a brain tumor includes cranial imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, as well as systemic imaging to assess for primary tumor if metastasis is suspected. Maximal safe resection optimizes outcomes including overall survival. Surgical decisions are based on variables such as medical comorbidities and anatomic location of the tumor. Gliomas in eloquent areas may require intraoperative cortical and subcortical mapping of motor and/or l

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43

Deletis, Vedran, Francesco Sala, and Sedat Ulkatan. Transcranial electrical stimulation and intraoperative neurophysiology of the corticospinal tract. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0008.

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Transcranial electrical stimulation is a well-recognized method for corticospinal tract (CT) activation. This article explains the use of TES during surgery and highlights the physiology of the motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). It describes the techniques and methods for brain stimulation and recording of responses. There are two factors that determine the depth of the current penetrating the brain, they are: choice of electrode montage for stimulation over the scalp and the intensity of stimulation. D-wave collision technique is a newly developed technique that allows mapping intraoperatively a

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44

Ennker, J. Cardiac Surgery and Concomitant Disease: Incidence, Preoperative Preparation, and Prognostic Relevance. Steinkopff, 2012.

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45

J, Ennker, ed. Cardiac surgery and concomitant disease: Incidence, preoperative preparation and prognostic relevance. Steinkopff, 1999.

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46

Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Madhumita Bhattacharyya. Gynaecological cancers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0020_update_001.

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Genitourinary cancers examines the malignancies arising in the kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate, testis, and penis. Renal cancer has high propensity for systemic spread, largely mediated by overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Treatments include surgery, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Wilms tumour, a childhood malignancy of the kidney, warrants specialist paediatric oncology management to provide expertise in its unique pathology, staging, and treatment, often with surgery and chemotherapy. Cancer of the bladder and ureters, another tobacco related cancer, may pr

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47

Sabharwal, Nikant, Parthiban Arumugam, and Andrew Kelion. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: clinical value. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759942.003.0010.

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Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is most commonly used to diagnose or exclude obstructive coronary disease in patients presenting with chest pain. This chapter covers the value of MPS in this context, as well as providing detail on the guidelines which help the clinician choose what investigations are appropriate for the patient presenting with chest pain. It also details a number of considerations related to the use of MPS, such as its cost-effectiveness and the prognosis value in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease compared to exercise ECG, X-ray computed tomographic coronary ang

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48

Seeck, Margitta, and Donald L. Schomer. Intracranial EEG Monitoring. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0029.

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Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) is used to localize the focus of seizures and determine vital adjacent cortex before epilepsy surgery. The two most commonly used electrode types are subdural and depth electrodes. Foramen ovale electrodes are less often used. Combinations of electrode types are possible. The choice depends on the presumed focus site. Careful planning is needed before implantation, taking into account the results of noninvasive studies. While subdural recordings allow better mapping of functional cortex, depth electrodes can reach deep structures. There are no guideli

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49

Gray, Andrew C. Orthopaedic approach to the multiply injured patient. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.012003.

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♦ Major trauma results in a systemic stress response proportional to both the degree of initial injury (1st hit) and the subsequent surgical treatment (2nd hit).♦ The key physiological processes of hypoxia, hypovolaemia, metabolic acidosis, fat embolism, coagulation and inflammation operate in synergy during the days after injury/surgery and their effective management determines prognosis.♦ The optimal timing and method of long bone fracture fixation after major trauma remains controversial. Two divergent views exist between definitive early intramedullary fixation and initial external fixatio

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50

Chakera, Aron, William G. Herrington, and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Polyuria. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0057.

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Polyuria describes the passage of more than 3 l of urine a day. This is an arbitrary definition, and the term is commonly applied to patients who are complaining of passing larger than normal volumes of urine. As water excretion is tightly regulated by the body to maintain normal osmolality, water excretion varies greatly depending on intake. Polyuria may be physiological or pathological. A patient with polyuria often presents with nocturia, urination overnight that disturbs sleep. It is usually accompanied by polydipsia (to maintain normal fluid balance). In hospital the commonest causes of p

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