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Books on the topic 'Surgical treatment. eng'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Yew, Lai Cheng, and E. Jane Maher. Communication in non-surgical oncology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0048.

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The non-surgical oncologist is involved in almost every patient’s cancer journey be it at diagnosis, during treatment, at follow-up, at recurrence, through survivorship, and even at the end of life. Communication issues will arise at all of these stages and will need to consider the complexities of the whole patient. There are key communication points when patients shift from different health states (e.g. diagnosis of cancer, completion of initial anti-cancer treatment, recurrence, each time treatment is no longer ‘working’ and disease is progressing, diagnosis of significant, irreversible, tr

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2

Quijije, Nadia. Trauma in the Medical-Surgical Patient. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0018.

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This chapter reviews psychiatric consultation for trauma and stress in medical-surgical patients. Hospitalization can induce psychologic or psychiatric disturbance and worsen the clinical condition of patients who are suffering from medical and surgical comorbidities. Some medical conditions can be related to stress related disorders indirectly, while others, such as critical illness/intensive care unit treatment or direct physical injury, are themselves traumatic stressors that can promote trauma and stressor-related disorders (TSRDs). Given the negative impact of stress-related disorders on

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3

Potter, David. Acromioclavicular joint. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.004010.

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♦ The acromioclavicular joint is the sole skeletal connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton, providing strength and stability to the shoulder♦ The acromioclavicular joint is one of the most commonly injured joints of the body♦ Arthropathy of the joint is often associated with contact sport or heavy manual work♦ Treatment of arthropathy can either be by activity modification, steroid injection or surgery♦ Surgery involves removing the distal end of the clavicle♦ Dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint are common injuries, most often due to a fall landing directly on the tip

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4

Strain, James J., and Rosamond Rhodes. Medical-Surgical Psychiatry and Medical Ethics. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.23.

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Consultation-liaison Psychiatry is the newest sub-specialty in psychiatry. It focuses on the psychological/psychiatric care of medical, surgical, obstetrical, and gynecological patients and presents many distinctive ethical dilemmas. These dilemmas often involve judgments of capacity and justified paternalism, manifest versus latent content, surrogate decision making, confidentiality, truth telling, dual agency, refusing treatment, decisions to end life, surrogate decision-making, and the complexity of interdisciplinary moral relationships. This interface between psychiatry, medicine, and ethi

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5

Management of end-stage heart disease. Lippincott-Raven, 1998.

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6

Warwick, David. Ulnar corner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0014.

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The ulnar corner is complex with many anatomical structures and many potential pathologies. This may render diagnosis and treatment a challenge. Meticulous history taking and examination are required, supplemented, if necessary, by tests such as X-ray, MRI, and arthroscopy. Condition include ECU and FCU tendinopathy; hook of hamate fracture; carpal instability; osteoarthritis of the DRUJ, pisotriquetral joint and lunatehamate joint; degenerative and traumatic lesions of the TFCC; ulnar neuropathy, and hypothenar hammer syndrome. Successful treatment depends on accurate diagnosis; non-operative

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7

Kanner, Andres M., and Adriana Bermeo-Ovalle. EEG in Psychiatric Disorders. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0025.

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Psychiatric symptoms are not restricted to primary psychiatric disorders and are relatively frequent in medical and neurological disorders. They may represent the clinical manifestations of these disorders, of a comorbid psychiatric disorder, or of iatrogenic complications of pharmacological and/or surgical therapies. Clearly, proper diagnosis is of the essence to provide the correct treatment. Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies are used on a regular basis to identify a potential organic cause of psychiatric symptomatology. This chapter reviews the diagnostic yield of EEG recordings in psyc

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8

Andalib, Amin, Zhamak Khorgami, Tomasz G. Rogula, and Philip R. Schauer. Management of Surgical Complications after Gastric Bypass. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0028.

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This chapter discusses the main issues with a selected group of surgical complications after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The main focus is on diagnosis and management of anastomotic leak and stricture, marginal ulcers, and gastrogastric fistulas. Anastomotic leak is one of the most feared and potentially catastrophic complications. The most common site is at gastrojejunostomy. Avoiding devascularization of the gastric pouch, creating a tension-free anastomosis, and performing an intraoperative anastomotic leak test are crucial technical points in preventing leaks. Once the leak is highly suspect

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9

Keeley, Vaughan. Lymphoedema. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0113.

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Lymphoedema is a chronic oedema developing as a result of failure of the lymphatic system to drain fluid and other substances, such as proteins, from the tissues. It typically affects the limbs but can involve any part of the body. The management of all types of lymphoedema is largely palliative in nature in that there are no surgical or other treatments which offer a cure for the problem in the vast majority of cases. This chapter focuses on oedema associated with advanced cancer and other diseases, encountered towards the end of life with some reference to cancer treatment-related lymphoedem

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10

Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2015.

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11

Rust, Philippa, Meg Birks, and David Warwick. Osteoarthritis of the hand. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0009.

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The small joints of the hand are vulnerable to osteoarthritis, usually spontaneous but sometimes following trauma or infection. Nodular arthritis and arthritis in the thumb CMC has a benign natural history and most might get a little stiff but pain usually settles and function is good. Precipitous surgical intervention is inappropriate; time, reassurance, occupational therapy, splints, analgesics, and occasionally steroids should always be tried. The choice of surgical treatment depends on the functional needs of the joint—the little and ring fingers need flexibility for grip whereas the index

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12

Ranucci, Marco, Serenella Castelvecchio, and Andrea Ballotta. Perioperative management of the high-risk surgical patient: cardiac surgery. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0077.

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During the last decade, as a result of continually improving surgical strategy and the technology which supports it (e.g. anaesthesia), cardiac surgery is offered to patients with advanced age and those with increasingly complex co-existing conditions that were previously considered to be contraindications. In addition, an increasing number of patients have previously undergone angioplasty, thereby delaying their initial coronary artery bypass graft surgery to a more advanced age. In general, candidates for cardiac surgery may now be not only older than in the past, but also more likely to hav

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13

Ranucci, Marco, Serenella Castelvecchio, and Andrea Ballotta. Perioperative management of the high-risk surgical patient: cardiac surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0077_update_001.

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During the last decade, as a result of continually improving surgical strategy and the technology which supports it (e.g. anaesthesia), cardiac surgery is offered to patients with advanced age and those with increasingly complex co-existing conditions that were previously considered to be contraindications. In addition, an increasing number of patients have previously undergone angioplasty, thereby delaying their initial coronary artery bypass graft surgery to a more advanced age. In general, candidates for cardiac surgery may now be not only older than in the past, but also more likely to hav

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14

Ranucci, Marco, Serenella Castelvecchio, and Andrea Ballotta. Perioperative management of the high-risk surgical patient: cardiac surgery. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0077_update_002.

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Abstract:

During the last decade, as a result of continually improving surgical strategy and the technology which supports it (e.g. anaesthesia), cardiac surgery is offered to patients with advanced age and those with increasingly complex co-existing conditions that were previously considered to be contraindications. In addition, an increasing number of patients have previously undergone angioplasty, thereby delaying their initial coronary artery bypass graft surgery to a more advanced age. In general, candidates for cardiac surgery may now be not only older than in the past, but also more likely to hav

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15

Ranucci, Marco, Serenella Castelvecchio, and Andrea Ballotta. Perioperative management of the high-risk surgical patient: cardiac surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0077_update_003.

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Abstract:

During the last decade, as a result of continually improving surgical strategy and the technology which supports it (e.g. anaesthesia), cardiac surgery is offered to patients with advanced age and those with increasingly complex co-existing conditions that were previously considered to be contraindications. In addition, an increasing number of patients have previously undergone angioplasty, thereby delaying their initial coronary artery bypass graft surgery to a more advanced age. In general, candidates for cardiac surgery may now be not only older than in the past, but also more likely to hav

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16

Pohl, A. Dislocations of the hip and femoral head fractures. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.012050.

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♦ Most injuries are high violence, so look for associated injuries♦ Immediate closed reduction usually best under general anaesthetic♦ Do not proceed to open reduction without appropriate imaging studies♦ Surgical approach depends on injury pattern♦ Some long term complications can be minimized/avoided by appropriate early treatment (e.g. avascular necrosis).

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17

Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care (Current Therapy). Mosby, 2008.

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18

Keifer, Orion Paul, Yarema B. Bezchlibnyk, Ashley Diaz, and Nicholas Boulis. Occipital Neuralgia. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0016.

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Occipital neuralgia is described as unilateral or bilateral paroxysmal, stabbing pain in the occipital distribution that often is associated with tenderness and occasionally is associated with dysesthesia. Typically, patients are treated conservatively with pharmacologic agents (e.g., NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, antiepileptics); however, conservative treatment has a high failure rate, often resulting in an interventional procedure (e.g., local nerve block, botulinum toxin injection) or surgery (e.g., ganglionectomy, neurectomy, or neuromodulation). The chapter reviews the surgical interventions,

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19

(Editor), Metin Akay, and Andy Marsh (Editor), eds. Information Technologies in Medicine, Volume 2, Rehabilitation and Treatment. Wiley-IEEE Press, 2001.

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20

Astarci, Parla, Laurent de Kerchove, and Gébrine el Khoury. Aortic emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0061.

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Acute aortic dissections account for the leading and most feared of aortic emergencies. Acute dissections are associated with a dreadful mortality rate; therefore, an accurate diagnosis and immediate treatment are mandatory. The key point of a lifesaving management strategy is the distinction between acute type A dissection, uncomplicated type B dissection, and complicated type B dissection, and those including contained ruptured aorta (severe pleural effusion) and/or malperfusion syndrome (by end-organ ischaemia: paraplegia, intestinal ischaemia, renal insufficiency, limb ischaemia). Type A g

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21

Cutter, David, and Martin Scott-Brown. Diagnosis and staging of cancer. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0324.

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The accurate diagnosis of the precise type and stage of a malignancy is a vital part of cancer management. Treatment options and decisions vary significantly between various stages of the same malignancy (e.g. treatment with radical vs palliative intent) and also between specific histological subtypes of a cancer arising from the same organ (e.g. small-cell lung cancer vs non-small-cell lung cancer). It is therefore of critical importance that as much accurate information about each individual case is obtained. This is achieved with a variety of diagnostic procedures which allow the multidisci

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22

Puntis, John. Obesity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0022.

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Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder affecting children in the developed world. The marked increase in prevalence is linked to environmental and behavioural changes; children’s energy expenditure has undoubtedly decreased. Obese children often become obese adults; children from lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to be obese. Obesity is a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, depression, and certain cancers. There is no proven preventive strategy but limiting time in front of computer and TV screens appears important. Obese children a

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23

Sulmasy, Daniel. The Ethics of Medically Assisted Nutrition and Hydration at the End of Life. Edited by Stuart J. Youngner and Robert M. Arnold. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199974412.013.14.

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This chapter examines the ethics of medically supplying nutrition and hydration to dying patients. It first considers the available treatment modalities for patients who are unable to eat or drink, including nasogastric tube feeding, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube feeding, surgical gastrostomy or jejunostomy tube feeding, proctoclysis, intravenous hydration and nutrition, total or partial parenteral nutrition, and hypodermoclysis. Before discussing the ethics of their use in palliative medicine, the medical aspects of these techniques as well as their risks and benefits are outlined.

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24

Grant, Ian, and Roderick Dunn. Children. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0016.

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Congenital hand anomalies are common and various, and the terminology may be confusing to the uninitiated. This chapter provides an overview of congenital hand anomalies, including general considerations about dealing with parents and children. Embryology, ossification of upper limb bones, and common classification systems are described. Aetiology, incidence, associated disorders, clinical features, and principles of surgical and conservative management are described where possible for each condition. At the end of the chapter there is a short section on specific considerations for the treatme

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25

Whitehead, Phyllis B. Palliative Care of the Geriatric Patient. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0015.

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More than 50% of all deaths occur in medical and surgical units where the focus is on active, curative treatment, not on managing symptoms and establishing realistic goals of care. Many of these patients are older adults and are vulnerable to many condition. Often they develop end-stage renal disease dementia, hip fractures, and pulmonary conditions and their associated sequelae. Seriously ill, hospitalized patients represent a specialized patient population that greatly benefits from the expanded skills and knowledge of palliative advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). This chapter revi

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26

Pham, Martin H., and Patrick C. Hsieh. Primary Tumors of the Spine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0022.

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Primary tumors of the spinal column are rare. Computed tomography–guided biopsy is typically performed to make the diagnosis and plan the next steps in treatment. For some primary spinal column tumors, such as osteosarcoma, en bloc resection based on the Enneking classification and extensive spinal reconstruction may be indicated. Significant surgical complications are possible with en bloc resection, and extensive preoperative counseling is required. Patients with pre-existing metastatic disease will likely not benefit from en bloc resection and instead may undergo debulking surgery based on

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27

Shils, Jay L., Sepehr Sani, Ryan Kochanski, Mena Kerolus, and Jeffrey E. Arle. Recording Techniques Related to Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders and Responsive Stimulation for Epilepsy. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0038.

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Neuromodulation therapies are now common treatments for a variety of medically refractory disorders, including movement disorders and epilepsy. While surgical techniques for each disorder vary, electricity is used by both for relieving symptoms. During stereotactic placement of the stimulating electrode, either deep brain stimulation electrodes or cortical strip electrodes, intraoperative neurophysiology is used to localize the target structure. This physiology includes single-unit recordings, neurostimulation evoked response evaluation, and intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) to ensure

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28

Elwes, Robert. Presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0031.

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This chapter describes the preoperative electroclinical assessment of the various epilepsy syndromes and pathologies that are open to surgical treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on medial temporal epilepsy and frontal epilepsy. The assessment of cases considered for hemispherotomy, multiple subpial transection for Landau–Kleffner syndrome, anterior two-thirds callosotomy in symptomatic generalized epilepsy, neural stimulation, and cases with nodular hetertopia are summarized. Throughout the chapter, particular emphasis is placed on the need for multidisciplinary assessment, and the inter

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29

Navaratnam, M., and C. Ramamoorthy. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0009.

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Approximately 960 babies are born per year in the United States with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Over the last 20 years, advances in surgical techniques, perioperative care, cardiopulmonary bypass, and intensive care unit management have converted this previously fatal condition to one with a neonatal survival rate of 90% to 92% for standard risk patients. Understanding the factors affecting the balance of pulmonary blood flow and systemic blood flow and ensuring adequate cardiac output and end-organ perfusion is critical to successful outcomes. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation remains

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30

Schirmer, Uwe, and Andreas Koster. Anaesthesia for cardiac surgery. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0056.

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Cardiac anaesthesia continues to develop as a specialized discipline within the wide field of clinical anaesthesia. A comprehensive knowledge of cardiovascular physiology and its improved monitoring with modern invasive and non-invasive devices is the basis for the pharmacological treatment of complex cardiovascular disorders. Excellent skills in intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography have become essential. Rapid developments in cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and surgical devices have resulted in the speedy introduction of new surgical techniques which anaesthesia has to embrace.

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31

Meier, Petra M., and Thomas O. Erb. Craniosynostosis and Apert Syndrome. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0021.

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Apert syndrome is a complex, progressive multisystem condition of the craniosynostosis spectrum originating from a fibroblast growth factor receptor disorder. Multidisciplinary treatment teams may include craniofacial surgery, neurosurgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, oro-maxillofacial surgery, and pediatric intensive care. Secondary to midface hypoplasia, children often present with a compromised airway and have a high incidence of sleep disorders. Anesthetic considerations include difficult airway assessment, the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and increased intracranial pre

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32

Schomer, Donald L., and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva, eds. Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.001.0001.

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This book deals with the field of Electroencephalography in the widest possible sense, from the cellular foundations of the electric activities of the brain to a vast number of clinical applications. The basic science sections were up-dated to include advanced computer modeling approaches. The chapters on normal and pathological EEG findings in premature infants, newborns and children were thoroughly revised to keep up with the advances that have taken place recently in studying brain developmental issues. Major advances have taken place in neurophysiological findings in a variety of neurodege

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33

Harper, Kristina, and Hanne Konradsen. Cultural Considerations in Body Image and Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0016.

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Abstract: This chapter discusses the Western cultural perspective of the body ideal and how cultural norms may influence the body image experiences of patients with cancer. The chapter begins with an overview of the sociocultural standards of appearance embraced in Western society, including the body-ideal shift throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, and how this specifically relates to physical changes that can co-occur with cancer, followed by a broader look at additional facets of Western culture (e.g., consumerism, surgical enhancement, media) that may shape the body image experience and

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34

Sundaram, Venki, Allon Barsam, Lucy Barker, and Peng Tee Khaw, eds. Training in Ophthalmology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199672516.001.0001.

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This title addresses the Royal College of Ophthalmologists syllabus for trainee ophthalmologists and is an essential read for those studying ophthalmology, optometry, and orthoptics. With the relative lack of ophthalmology teaching at medical school and the often inconsistent formal teaching of fundamental examination and clinical techniques during initial posts, ophthalmology trainees often feel they are being ‘thrown in at the deep end’ early on in their career. In addition, trainees are now expected to clearly demonstrate evidence of having acquired the expected knowledge, clinical, technic

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35

Lee, Olivia T., Jennifer N. Wu, Frederick J. Meyers, and Christopher P. Evans. Genitourinary aspects of palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0084.

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Genitourinary tract diseases in the palliative care setting most commonly involve urinary tract obstruction, intractable bleeding, fistulae, and bladder-associated pain. Sources of obstruction in the lower urinary tract include benign prostatic hyperplasia, invasive prostate or bladder cancer, urethral stricture, or bladder neck contracture. Upper tract obstruction includes intraluminal or extraluminal blockage of the renal collecting system and ureters, such as transitional cell carcinoma, fibroepithelial polyps, stricture, stones, pelvic or retroperitoneal malignancy, fibrosis, or prior radi

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