Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surplus de produits agricoles'
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Vargas, Buitrago Nelson Ricardo. "Le portrait économique de l'utilisation des surplus structurels dans le secteur laitier canadien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28857/28857.pdf.
Full textPoisvert, Cécile. "Analyse et modélisation des surplus azotés en France au cours du siècle dernier : application aux échelles départementales et communales." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4030.
Full textThis work aimed to study trends in nitrogen pressure and its drivers on the French territory. A nitrogen soil surface balance was developed and used to obtain nitrogen surplus times series at the departmental scale from 1917 to 2015 and at the municipality scale from 1995 to 2015. Characterisation of departmental trends showed that nowadays, more than 69% of the country presents a decrease in nitrogen pressure, mainly resulting from decrease in mineral fertilizer. Municipality surpluses are heterogeneous for all departments since 1955. Results can be used in the framework of the status of the nitrate directive of 2019, but also to characterise nitrogen pressure on water bodies or as input data for other models
Bats, Adeline. "Les céréales et les produits céréaliers au Moyen Empire. Histoire technique et économique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL135.
Full textEntitled "Cereal and cereals Products in the Middle Kingdom. Technical and Economic History", this PhD thesis aims to understand the role of cereals in human nutrition, but also to examine the capacity of cereal agriculture to generate surpluses and consequently wealth, which is the source of social differentiation. Cereals grown during the Middle Kingdom, namely barley and emmer, were introduced into Egypt from the Near East during the Neolithic period. These two deliberately selected plants are, like agrarian techniques, adapted to the Nilotic environment. After harvest, the cereals are stored in different structures in accordance with future needs. The silo allows long-term conservation and therefore savings, in anticipation of food shortages but also in order to accumulate wealth. Because, if the cultivation of cereals is intended to provide a large part of the Egyptians’ food needs, agrarian land, stocks and processed products (bread and beer) are also used as means of payment. Finally, these assets are also used to maintain dependency and political loyalty
Harchaoui, Souhil. "Modélisation des transitions en agriculture : énergie, azote, et capacité nourricière de la France dans la longue durée (1882-2016) et prémices pour une généralisation à l'échelle mondiale." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=3874&f=24611.
Full textTo overcome the challenges of climate change and energy transition, combined with the projected population growth in the 21st century, agriculture must transform itself to produce more food while reducing its dependence on non-renewables sources and preserving ecosystems. This thesis examines the impacts of biophysical constraints and socio-technical transformations on agricultural metabolism, transitions and feeding capacity of agriculture. Agricultural metabolism is modelled through both energy and nitrogen flows that the agricultural system mobilizes and converts to operate and to supply biomass. This analytical framework allows us, on the one hand, to position agriculture within the energy transition challenges and, on the other hand, to jointly quantify the achievable feeding capacity and its impact on global biogeochemical cycles. Agricultural metabolism is examined at two spatial and temporal scales: a long-term historical perspective modelling (1882-2016) at the scale of France and a historical (1961-2013) and prospective modelling at the global scale. The analysis of French agriculture is based on the modelling of historical production data and means of production. We explore the mechanisms that link the inputs and outputs of the agricultural system, together with the associated energy and nitrogen transitions continuously since 1882. We characterize the French trajectory on the basis of efficiency indicators, energy return on energy investment, farm surplus, self-sufficiency and energy neutrality of the system. Energy neutrality is a key indicator for positioning agriculture in the future energy transition. We quantify the impact of socio-technical transformations on transitions that have quadrupled the farm surplus and reduced its energy self-sufficiency to almost zero. Agriculture produced twice as much energy as it did in pre-industrial times, compared to four times today, but it has gone from an energy self-sufficient system fed by biomass to a system almost exclusively dependent on fossil fuels. Expressed in biomass equivalent, agriculture's current energy consumption is equal to its production, therefore a system that is not energetically viable. The challenge for agriculture is to contribute to the energy transition without encroaching on its food production. Meeting this challenge, which is little understood by society, requires improving the energy performance of agriculture and involves improving nitrogen use efficiency, as well as reducing livestock production, especially from monogastrics, decreasing farm labor needs, together with a high energy recovery from agricultural residues. Global-scale modelling allows us to describe the agriculture trajectory in terms of feeding capacity and environmental impact and to assess its food production limits on the basis of biophysical constraints. This modeling is a first module focused on the nitrogen metabolism and does not take into consideration the energy operating regime of agriculture. We examine the limits of world food production along with nitrogen losses according to degrees of nitrogen self-sufficiency. We show how maximum supportable human population on Earth can range from 6 to 17 billion people depending on the share of total grain production used in animal feed, the nitrogen use efficiency and the nitrogen fertilization regime. This analysis allows comparing, as it is rarely done, official population projections for the 21st century with planetary biophysical constraints and discuss the conditions under which these projections can be achieved
Oridi, Squali Abdelaziz. "Les Circuits de commercialisation des produits agricoles au Maroc." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594333t.
Full textRoesch, Marc. "Surplus agricoles et stratégies de production chez les exploitants agricoles de la province du Zou (Bénin)." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10027.
Full textGharbi, Abderrahmane el. "Action des entreprises publiques sur les produits agricoles." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594772t.
Full textEl, Gharbi Abderrahmane. "Action des entreprises publiques sur les produits agricoles." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA111011.
Full textRollet, Anne. "Le couple produit-territoire : régulation agro-antagoniste entre projet individuel et projet collectf /." Antony : Cemagref éd, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37633576b.
Full textRen, Zhi Jun. "Valeur des produits agricoles et de son transfert partiel au cours de l'échange." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON10013.
Full textDanovics, Vadims. "L' indication géographique de produits agricoles dans l'Union européenne." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010038.
Full textN'Guimbi, Léon. "Les systèmes de commercialisation des produits agricoles au Congo." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10040.
Full textThe marketing of agricultural goods in the republic of congo are subject to two main parameters which are the traditional circle whose principles still have a significant impact on the economic enterprise on the one hand, and the government authorities whose decisions usually overlook the deep reality of the village communities who are nevertheless the main consumers of the agricultural goods on the other hand. Enterprise declines, the activity decreases while the resort to foof import tunrs a common practice. The congolese political tenet of "all for the government" has significantly discouraged both the producers and their intermediaries. Instead of stimulating the agricultural production, the country's yielding to market economy becomes a handicap instead
Madiata, Malomba-Nganga. "L'avenir des exportations agricoles africaines sur le marché de l'Union européenne." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081928.
Full textRioual, Arnaud. "Les restructurations des groupes coopératifs agricoles européens." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN0637.
Full textTetuanui, Noa. "La Formation des prix des produits agricoles périssables à Tahiti." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610301r.
Full textKouassi, Esaie. "Contribution à la valorisation des sous-produits agricoles en bioproduits." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20523/1/Kouassi_Esaie.pdf.
Full textTetuanui, Noa. "La formation des prix des produits agricoles périssables à Tahiti." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010046.
Full textRousseau, Michel. "Aspects juridiques de l'organisation des marchés agricoles." Toulouse 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU10030.
Full textThis analysis is about substructure, delimitation and finalities of the organization of agricultural markets. Many organisms are used by this organization, but they are inefficient to concentrate the supply. So, they have no positive significant results concerning the farmer's increase of income, and the parity wanted by the authorities since 1960. The intervention of the government must be modified channels and real must be created to organize the agricultural and food markets. It's absolutely necessary in a distinct coherent juridical framework
Böhm, Max. "Bayerns Agrarproduktion 1800-1870 /." St. Katharinen : Scripta mercaturae Verl, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37037649n.
Full textAdanguidi, Jean. "Réseaux, marchés et courtage : la filière igname au Bénin (1990-1997) /." Münster : Lit, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41246707k.
Full textNde, Pekuelkue Hornella Sylvanie. "Optimisation des transferts inter-sites chez un fabricant de produits agricoles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67800.
Full textThis master thesis addresses the issue of inter-plants transfers. Although used as a strategy to increase products availability, manage unanticipated stock-outs, and improve service levels, inter-plant transfers tend to become a burden on companies when inventory management is inefficient and decentralized. Indeed, they generate important costs and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, they must be optimized. In collaboration with an industrial partner in the agricultural sector, this project aims to optimize costs and emissions linked to inter-plant transfers. In order to achieve that, we model and solve an inventory transshipment problem in which the objective function minimises total costs consisting of transshipment, distribution, inventory, and renting costs. Our results show that significant gains can be achieved through centralized inventory management and integration. We observe savings between 36.86% and 99.92% for transshipment costs, 41.33% and 99.98% for emissions linked to transfers, and 0.56% and 92.48% for the total cost. This document is organized as follows. First, a general introduction is presented. Then, data are analyzed in Chapter 1. The optimization problem is solved in Chapter 2. Finally, our conclusions and directions for future work are presented.
Duran, Barba Marcelino. "La Stabilisation des prix des produits agricoles : le cas des exportations équatoriennes." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0050.
Full textLhomme, Ludovic. "Dégradation de produits phytosanitaires par photocatalyse sur support : application aux effluents agricoles." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S070.
Full textBaudin, Pierre. "La politique des marchés agricoles de la Communauté européenne." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020100.
Full textThe european community has implemented a common organization for agricultural markets based essentially on a common prices policy. The application of common prices to a heterogenous structure of farms leads to an acceleration of agricultural dynamics. These dynamics are characterized by a growth of supply, due to the increase productivity and investment in large farms, which is faster than the growth of demand and the adjustment of the factors of production. To face the surplusses created by this evolution, the community has, firstly, used all the instruments for market management up to the limits of their possibilities and then, during the 80's, modified the forms of common organization for some agricultural markets. The original characteristics of the present study lie in the demonstration that the evolution from one form of market organization to an other follows a very precise pattern. This evolution tends, on the one hand, to allow the market a higher degree of freedom and, on the other hand, to modulate public intervention with direct aids to income. These direct aids are targetted on farmers rather than being proportional to production quantities. The current proposals for the reform of the common agricultural policy are in line with this evolution
Ablan, Elvira. "Les produits andins au Pérou : systèmes techniques et alimentation." Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030148.
Full textThis work contributes to the knowledge of the mechanisms which determine in keeping andean local produces in the food sector in the cuzco region of peru, this thesis explains the secondery role of these produces, considering the limits of their transformation techniques "in large sense" which has prevented their adaptation to the evolution of the food consumption. Two main ideas control the thought : the first deals with the importance of the consumption as one of the main factors which induce the other aspects of the food sector, the second illustrates that technique is certainly tools, machines an operational methods but it gathers too the social relations that bind human beings between them and with the produce
Hajoui, Youssef. "Analyse de la réglementation des prix en termes de surplus : application à des produits alimentaires marocains." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0066.
Full textThe object of this dissertation is to study, on a concret example, the price regulation in terms of economic efficiency. For that, we'll use the theory of surplus as mode of evaluation of the earnings and losses of each regulation and we'll deduce its cost in terms of deadweight loss. Then, we'll show how the budget deficit, which results from the policy of price support and subsidy, has worsened the external degt of morocco. This has induced it to adopt many different programs of structural adjustment, in order to reduce its deficits and to go out of this debt crisis
Diop, Amadou Makhourédia. "Dynamiques paysannes, souveraineté alimentaire et marche mondial des produits agricoles : exemple du Sénégal." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0007/document.
Full textAs in almost all SSA countries, the majority of the Senegalese population is rural. They earn their livelihoods from agriculture or activities that depend on it. Paradoxically, the public investment in agriculture remains very low, while food insecurity is progressing. To deal with food problems, the government multiplies announcements of agricultural policies, which are almost never followed up, because not based on specific and rigorous studies. Instead of policies, there are mostly management strategies cyclical food crises. In this context, we have sought to understand the strategies developed by the peasantry, the dynamics that drive family farms to reduce food insecurity in rural areas, and to what extent they can contribute to food sovereignty Senegal. This question calls for that of access to adequate food and that of its production. Thus, through our study we have entitled "Farming dynamics, food sovereignty and global market for agricultural products: the example of Senegal”, we try to answer a series of questions: 1. How do Senegalese farmers produce the goods needed to feed and care for their family? 2. How are Senegalese farmers organized around issues of rural life? 3. What is the influence of the world market of agricultural products and its rules established by the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the availability of and access to food? How do imported goods compete with food products that can be produced locally? We have devoted the first part of our study to the production process and its evolution. Apart from weather conditions, effective control by farmers of means of production and land tenure, largely determines the volumes of agricultural and food products as well as their access. The second part analyzes the emergence and evolution of modes of peasant organization and discusses their influence on the satisfaction of food needs and directions of public policy in agriculture. Finally, in the third part, we have tried to measure the impact of international trade rules on local production of agricultural goods and foodstuffs. This work has enabled us to draw some conclusions. The majority of farmers in Senegal can no longer produce the amount of basic foods needed to feed and support their families. The means of production have changed relatively little in recent decades, although animal traction and the introduction of new materials have greatly improved the conditions of production and reduced drudgery. The production tool has deteriorated. It is old and what is left survives only thanks to the ability of rural blacksmiths. Traditional knowledge and knowledge of weather condition the choice of crops grown and acreage devoted to them when they are available. Research in agriculture has yielded certified seed varieties adapted to soil and climatic conditions. But it remains ineffective in that the means for concretely applying its results are absent and the peasants have no control over it. The question of land remains subject to trial and error due to its complexity, traditional beliefs and practices in this area do not yet seem ready to give way to modern rules, or if necessary, adapt to them. More and more severe conditions felt primarily in the food sector have highlighted the capacity of the peasantry to adapt. For each new situation causing additional problems, novel solutions are devised and implemented by farmers, enabling them to adapt in an unexpected manner. Farmers' ability to take charge of their own concerns were highlighted by the emergence of organizations, groups, associations and unions throughout the rural areas of Senegal. As far as international trade in agricultural products is concerned, the weakness of the Common External Tariff (CET) of ECOWAS has resulted in increased volumes of imports of goods that can be produced locally. WTO rules, based on an ultra-liberal conception of the market, are more detrimental to West African agricultural and food products. By strengthening their human resources through legislation, more vulnerable countries such as Senegal, can, however, exploit the clauses that allow them to better protect local production. More globally, unless agriculture is removed from WTO agreements, it is possible to claim with ECOWAS, the implementation of another agreement on agriculture that would redefine dumping so as to protect the most vulnerable countries
Lefaux, Sandra Tremblin Gérard. "Biodégradation de films polymères à usage agricole caractérisation physico-chimique des résidus et identification biomoléculaire des bactéries actives /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1011.pdf.
Full textBergès-Sennou, Fabian. "L'analyse économique des pratiques commerciales dans l' industrie agroalimentaire." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10015.
Full textThis thesis analyses the determinant factors for some commercial strategies in the agro-food industry :study of the promotional vehicle for coupons, rivate labels (PL); choice of the retailer for its PL production between the national brand (NB) manufacturer and a firm from the competitive fringe; monopoly quality choice in a framework where the unit demand is differentiated horizontally and vertically; impact of a competitor entry when demand is differentiated in two ways
Di, Costanzo Mitra Sophie. "Le rôle du stockage dans la dynamique des prix des marchés de matières premières agricoles." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010030.
Full textPutin, Sylvie. "L' organisation juridique du commerce des fruits et légumes frais." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOD001.
Full textThe growing of fruit and vegetables is provided by a great number of producers settled in a few regions. As a consequence it is necessary that this production should be concentrated before being sent to the consumption areas. To do so, the producers resort to operators with whom they are in close contact because their mission leads them to act as a link between the different stages of production and trade. As soon as they are launched on the market and during their commercialization, the fruit and vegetables have to comply with the regulation worked out by the authorities and by the people working in this sector. After their launching in the distribution network, the fruit and vegetables circulate rapidly from one merchant to another and, finally, to the retail dealers. That is why the contracts which allow these products to be commercialized are concluded and executed within a short time. It is also the one thing to act quickly when it comes to settling the disputes which arise
Jarry, Joëlle. "Etude de la toxicité des produits de degradation thermique de composes agro-pharmaceutiques." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUEO3TP.
Full textManouzi, Najib el. "Les Echanges agricoles Maroc-C.E.E. l'agriculture marocaine face à la communauté." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594309z.
Full textMassou, Assou. "Les Marchés à terme et la stabilisation des prix des produits de base agricoles." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599510x.
Full textPateha, Muhammad Kasim. "Contribution à la valorisation des sous-produits industriels et agricoles dans l'industrie du ciment." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0094.
Full textThe aim of this study was the valorization of industrial by products (fly ash) or agricol wastes (rice husk ash) in the cement industry. The principal objective was to determine a durable and economical binder containing the highest amount of by-product. The pozzolanique activity of these blend was studied using physicochemical methods-conductimetry, thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, I-R spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry and mechanical test. The use of rice husk ash led to the maximum consumption of lime whereas the best strength were obtained with fly ash blended cements. The kinetics of reactivity are different : a good activity at early ages for the rice husk ash and more progressive action of fly ash. Mortars cast with these blended cement were placed in aggressive solutions. The results showed that 30 to 50% fly ash blend can be used when the solution is meanly aggressive. In high chloride solution a 50% rice husk ash blend gave good results
Massou, Assou. "Les marches a terme et la stabilisation des prix des produits de base agricoles." Rennes 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN11004.
Full textCommodity futures markets stabilize or destabilize commodity prices ? this is the main question we try to answer. Actually, alot fo core commodities are admited in futures markets existing cross the world. As for developing countries, exportation receipts are unstable because their price exported products are unstable. Theorically, some models based on auticipations (adaptive and rational) show that with a futures market prices of a commodity are more stable than without a futures market. Empirically, if one compare commodity price sexies before and after the creation of a futures markets, one will see that price variability is less important in presence than in absence of a futures markets. Our main conclusion is that producers ; especially developing countries exporters of core commodities ; have to use futures marckets in orther to stabilize their revenues. Developing countries have to use developed countries futures markets or create their own futures markets
Richard, Patrice. "Commercialisation des produits vivriers et autosuffisance alimentaire en Côte d'Ivoire : éléments d'analyse et de réflexion à partir des produits du nord." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100209.
Full textBoselie, David Martinus. "Economic reform, agricultural diversification and commercialisation in Northern Vietnam, 1945-1995 /." Maastricht : Shaker publ, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390537369.
Full textCadiergue, Hélène. "Murissement de matières actives agrochimiques en suspensions concentrées." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX3A014.
Full textHoungbo, Euloge Kodjo V. "Le rôle du commerce des produits de base agricoles dans l'économie des pays francophones d'Afrique occidentale (l'exemple du Togo)." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30084.
Full textFor long time specially since the african countries have become independant, the main point of the west africa french speaking countries development policy more particularly in togo, was based on the commercialization of the basic commodities principally the agricultural ones. Despite the smallness of the exports of few produces, a whole system is set-up to get the great part of meney provided from the exportation of the agricultural sub-sector to finance the national economies. The economies are there for highly externalized and depend on the international markets which are naturally instable. The origin somehow miraculous of the receipts has been for a long time a way of wasting or at least an incitement for investements which do not actually correspond to the real needs of the national economies. For the wole of u. E. M. O. A. Members countries such as togo, it has appeared that these exportations incomings finally serve to finance the exclusive way of life of the governements, their everyday needs. Besides they are used to pay the civil servants. But at the eve at the twenty one century can we believe that a commercial dynamism of the agricultural export produces may still be considered as a sort of the development sign of these countries? the reply to the question will lead us to see in which way or more precisely, what can be the bases of new orientations as far as development of these countries are concerned (specially in togo)
Huguet, Stephane. "La régulation des matières premières agricoles." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0013/document.
Full textThe regulation of agricultural commodity markets is a academic‘s work that evaluates the consequences of the evolution of our society on this essential product. Indeed, its price is subject to many influences. Yet the Law has decided for the moment to turn away from it in the majority. This doctoral work thus tries to determine what are the weak points of the legislations in several fields in order to secure this product whose unconscious value is essential to obtain the social peace that the Law tends to obtain
Hugou, Brice. "Les marchés financiers de matières premières agricoles à la lumière du droit des contrats." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2032/document.
Full textFood security requires that each inviduals can obtain food in sufficient quantity and quality. This means that food prices must be neither too high for consumers nor too low for producers. After the food riots that started in 2008 following the increase of food prices, many concerns have been expressed about the impact of financial makets toward this rise. In order to shred some light on this issue from a legal point of view, this work aims to review differents aspects of the developpment and functionning of financial markets. Special attention will be given to the contracts which are used to into financial opérations Indeed, the legislator reunited all of the various financial contracts under the same legal qualification, without regards for their underlying. However, non financial commodities are different from financial commodities as they can lead to a physical delivery, and be regarded as commercial transactions or financial operations. Thus, they should get an autonomous legal status
Fredon, Emmanuel. "Obtention de films plastiques hydrophobes à partir de polysaccharides contenus dans des co-produits agricoles." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30199.
Full textAto, Emma. "Les comportements des ménages agricoles face à la commercialisation des produits vivriers en République centrafricaine." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF10178.
Full textThe commercialization of food products remains the main concern of political authorities in so far as it explains in large part the weak levels of food output in Sub Saharan Africa. The relevance of this hypothesis resides in the fact that commercialization constitutes a determining factor in the development of agricultural production, the more so as the majority of African economies depend on agriculture. Agricultural markets have most often been established in African countries in favor of export goods and these countries are still giving them a priority status. The insufficient agricultural performances recorded during the recent decades in Sub-Saharan Africa, and specially in the Central Africa Republic, leads us to ask if there doesn’t exist a divergence between the objectives of the government, which seeks above all to maximise its fiscal receipts (increase in exports), and those of the farmers who prefer satisfying other needs (consumption, income). If this is the case, the analysis if the behavior of agricultural household, confronted by production and commercialization constraints, becomes necessary before the implantation of any economic policy decisions aimed at the promotion of agricultural sector. For want of being able to study a model of agricultural household behavior and/or of marketable surplus, due to a lack of the micro-economic data, we estimated the farmers’ reactions, as regards market signals (price) and as regards other variables which could exercise an effect on agricultural production, by using the Nerlove supply model, incorporating an error correction mechanism. The results of the econometric estimation for the supply of food crops and cotton tend to confirm the hypothesis of gradual adjustment by the producers and to highlight the important role payed by prices in agricultural production. In all cases, the price administration policy undertaken by the Cantral Africa government does not seem to have a significate effect on the supply of food products as it did in the case of cotton, due to the adoption of an appropriate commercialization structures. Moreover, the farmers’ behavior should appear a great deal more flexible in the adjustment process when it is a matter of export foods
Zhang, Ying. "Etude des relations entre structures et propriétés de films d'arabinoxylanes isolés de co-produits agricoles." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS001/document.
Full textThere are more than 40% of plastics used for packaging. The main polymers in the food packaging market are synthetic polymers from fossil resource. Due to limited fossil resources on our planet, the development of renewable raw materials derived from plant is required to have an alternative to synthesized polymers from petroleum sources. Hemicelluloses, with cellulose and lignin, are a majorc omponent of lignocellulosic resources which display dense and low-mobility macromolecular networks making them have excellent gas barrier properties. The aim of this thesis is to isolate arabinoxylans (AX)from the various cereals co-products such as wheat bran, wheat straw and corn cob, in order to study the impact of their compositions and structures on several physicochemical properties of AX based films for potential food packaging application. The alkaline solution is used to extract arabinoxylans, and a step of fractionation is used to separate the different populations AX according to their solubility in water and in ethanol 50% (v/v). Three fractions were finally obtained (i) water insoluble, ii) water soluble-ethanol insoluble and iii) water ethanol soluble) displaying the increasing ratios Ara/Xyl with increasing solubility in water and in ethanol. The three fractions of wheat bran have similar molar masses, different substitution degrees and patterns. The results about the films physicochemical properties based on theset hree fractions could be established a relationship between the substitution degree and their films properties. The film morphology, the chain mobility, the water sorption behavior at high relative humidity and the coefficient permeability and diffusivity of oxygen could be correlated with the degree of substitution. When the Ara/Xyl ratio decreases, the film is more crystalline, the local chain mobilityincreases whereas the global chain mobility decreases, water content at high relative humidity decreases and the oxygen permeability and diffusivity decreases. The AX has different substitution patterns and molar masses according to their botanical origins. The study of three water-insoluble fractions isolated from three cereal co-products reveals that the film properties could be also affected by chain length, theamounts of other substituents such as uronic acids and their molecular conformations. The nanofillers(cellulose nanocrystals of cotton linters) are used in order to enhance the films properties based on threeAX fractions of wheat bran (5 or 10% w/w). The incorporation of nanocrystals in the films does not change in the crystalinity degree; whereas the water content at high relative humidity is decreased; the local chain mobility of AX is reduced indicating the existence of interactions between the nanocrystals and AX while the global chain mobility is almost unchanged. The reinforcement effect seems to be more intense for the most substituted AX by arabinosyl groups
Gozlan, Estelle. "Commerce international et sécurité des produits." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100047.
Full textRathbone, Dominic. "Economic rationalism and rural society in third-century Egypt : the Heronimos Archive and the Appianus estate /." Cambridge (GB) ; New York ; Port Chester (N.Y.) [etc.] : Cambridge university press, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37454663k.
Full textBeaudette, Vincent. "Caractérisation des liquides issus du compostage de résidus agroalimentaires végétaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25340.
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Full textLe, Rolland Femenia Fabienne. "Politique agricole commune et stabilisation des revenus et marchés agricoles européens." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G015.
Full textWe focus here on the consequences of the CAP reforms which have progressively replaced the European price support scheme by a system of payments more and more decoupled from production and prices, and on the opportunity for a new form of public intervention to stabilize agricultural markets. From the different points of view expressed in the economic literature, it appears that some frameworks, more sophisticated than those currently available, are needed to study this question. Those frameworks should notably account for dynamics and the form of agents' expectations. We thus develop a dynarnic Computable General Equilibrium model including the inter temporal decisions of economic agents and allowing the representation of different expectation schemes. Our simulation results show that endogenous market fluctuations, due to expectation errors from economic agents, can arise but are limited by many feedback effects. These results also reveal that, if expectations are imperfect, a gradual implementation of policy reforms is preferable to an immediate one because, in that case, agents have time to adjust their decisions according to market news. Finally, we show that even if stockholders are not fully rational, their behaviours tend to stabilize agricultural markets. However, a public intervention aimed at increasing stocldtoldings is not suitable because it can, in a sense, scramble market signals given to agents, and thus increases markets volatility