Relevant bibliographies by topics / Surplus population

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Surplus population'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Surplus population"

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Mortikov, Vitalii. "About surplus of the buyer/seller in the labor market." Population 24, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.10.

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The objective of the article — to analyze not only microeconomic, but macroeconomic aspects of surplus of the buyer/seller in the labor market, to research economic policy oriented on its redistribution. The concept of employer/employee surplus in the labor market is clarified. This surplus is a socio-economical phenomenon, some noneconomic factors must be taken into account in researching it. The influence of inflation, social and age characteristics, changes in the market positions of labor market subjects on their salary offers and surplus has been determined. It makes sense to differentiate between nominal and real surplus, fixed surplus and surplus that can be influenced. The article presents grouping of job advertisements based on salary formulation. Informational aspects of the identifying economic surplus are considered. The author proposes direct and indirect indicators to reveal the changes in economic surplus: wage proposals in the vacancy announcements, salary reviews, resume data, population polls, prices for services of individual entrepreneurs, dynamics of unemployment and shadow employment etc. Potential of the government policy on surplus redistribution and the regulation of employer/employee behavior is substantiated. Some instruments aimed at such redistribution through incomes of employers, employees are proposed: minimum wages regulations, changes in taxation (personal income taxation, wage taxes); indexation of personal incomes, subsidization of wages, antimonopoly and administrative regulation of prices. The government can also influence the behavior of surplus receivers through immigration policy. The influence of some instruments on surplus regulation is contradictory. Minimum wage regulations can increase and decrease the surplus at the same time.
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Tyner, James A. "Population geography I: Surplus populations." Progress in Human Geography 37, no. 5 (January 31, 2013): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132512473924.

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Rehmann, Jan. "Hypercarceration: A Neoliberal Response to “Surplus Population”." Rethinking Marxism 27, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2015.1007790.

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Azeri, Siyaves. "Surplus-Population and the Political Economy of Fear." Critical Sociology 45, no. 6 (November 10, 2017): 889–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920517737143.

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Fear, of which the fear of death is a variation, can be analysed in its relation to forms of societies. Pertaining to Marx’s concept of ‘surplus-population’ and his analysis of the capitalist law of population, it is argued that the main source of anxiety and fear in capitalist society is the fear of life, which is expressed in the form of fear of the dead and of monsters. Capital posits the identity of every human individual through its law of population. What humans fear the most is the life that they live, which turns them into walking dead. Human’s fear of life is twofold: on the one hand, she fears from being posited a zombie, a piece within the pile of human trash, that is, the surplus-population; on the other hand, she is scared of the dead, capital the spectre, which vampire-like sucks upon living labour.
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Wray, L. Randall. "Did the Rising Tide Eliminate Our “Surplus” Population?" Journal of Economic Issues 35, no. 2 (June 2001): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2001.11506387.

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Habibi, Muhtar, and Benny Hari Juliawan. "Creating Surplus Labour: Neo-Liberal Transformations and the Development of Relative Surplus Population in Indonesia." Journal of Contemporary Asia 48, no. 4 (February 5, 2018): 649–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2018.1429007.

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Li, Tania Murray. "After Development: Surplus Population and the Politics of Entitlement." Development and Change 48, no. 6 (September 27, 2017): 1247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dech.12344.

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McIntyre, Michael. "Race, Surplus Population and the Marxist Theory of Imperialism." Antipode 43, no. 5 (June 1, 2011): 1489–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00898.x.

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Walters, Carl J., Ray Hilborn, and Villy Christensen. "Surplus production dynamics in declining and recovering fish populations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 11 (November 2008): 2536–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-170.

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Surplus production rates predicted by simple biomass dynamics models are generally expected to follow a simple dome-shaped pattern as population size changes and to show similar trajectories during population decline and recovery. Age-structured models, however, predict substantially lower surplus production rates during population recovery than during decline because of reduced mean fecundity, unless recruitment compensation is very strong. Ecosystem models like Ecosim predict more complex patterns, with reduced production during recoveries due to both age-structure effects and cultivation–depensation effects related to changes in competitor and predator abundances. Production-driven recoveries, where surplus production per biomass is higher during recovery than decline, are predicted in cases where there has been substantial change in overall ecosystem productivity or community structure. 110 case examples illustrate that simple, repeatable relationships between stock size and production are uncommon, and the most common pattern is production-driven change in stock size, where changes in production rate apparently independent of stock size then drive stock increase or decrease. We conclude that nonstationarity in productivity needs to be considered as part of population rebuilding and that empirical estimates of surplus production may provide insight in this process.
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SANTAMARIA-GARCIA, JUANA. "BARGAINING POWER IN THE NASH DEMAND GAME AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH." International Game Theory Review 11, no. 01 (March 2009): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198909002200.

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A population of buyers and a population of sellers meet repeatedly in order to exchange a good. The price is fixed through a variant of the Nash demand game. This paper analyzes the prices that are robust to experimentation in the sense of stochastic stability. Under some conditions only one price is selected and it gives a share of the surplus to each side of the market that corresponds to the generalized Nash bargaining solution. The bargaining power of each party depends on the division of the unclaimed surplus and the population sizes. The bargaining power of a given population will increase either with a reduction in its fraction of the unclaimed surplus or with a decrease in its own size.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surplus population"

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Stubbs, Thomas Henry. "Labour Market Segmentation and the Reserve Army of Labour: Theory, History, Future." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2782.

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This thesis begins by revisiting and building on themes of labour market segmentation, with particular reference given to Marx's seminal account of segmentation in Capital, Vol.1 (Chapter 25). Marx distinguishes between an active army - the stable full-time employed - and the relative surplus population - the precariously employed reserve army and the residual surplus - and suggests further fragmentation of these main groups into sub-strata. Marx's perspective of segmentation is grounded in fragments of a general theory of employment that, as a long-term tendency, identifies continual advances in constant capital that abolish work and proliferate the reserve army. This thesis builds on these themes by formulating a concept, the 'transference dynamic', which underpins a general theory of employment segmentation. A short history of segmentation under capitalism traces recent phases of development in both developed and lesser-developed nations. Stress is placed on the role of political configurations that regulate capitalism in ways that can either counter the general tendency, such is the case under the Fordist model of capitalism, or strengthen its logic. The theory of employment segmentation and the lessons drawn from the historical account are spliced together with an analysis of the contemporary phase of capitalism, labelled here as the neoliberal model of development. It is demonstrated that the coercive international regulatory dynamic of the neoliberal model reasserts and extends the competitive principle of the capitalist mode of production. Through this extension, nations are transformed into competition-states vying for scarce and globally mobile capital to operate on their shores - the primary source of national prosperity and employment - by implementing capital-friendly neoliberalized policy. This analysis of neoliberal global capitalism reveals an expanding surplus population within a context of deepening international segmentation. This employment crisis is expressed as a hierarchy of nations that is determined in part by their uneven development. Those at the bottom of the hierarchy, comprising a majority portion of the world's population, contain a massive reserve army and residual surplus population unincorporated into wage-based capitalism, without any obvious support of means of life and with little hope for the future. Finally, mainstream solutions are criticized for failing to address either long-run or contemporary drivers of the employment crisis. In response, this thesis pitches a project of multi-faceted radical reform that counter-regulates capitalism by adopting a combination of local, national, regional and global forms of democratic socialist governance.
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Lynch, Darren Marc. "Re-conceptualising refugees as relative surplus populations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62347.pdf.

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Lucero, David Zachary, and David Zachary Lucero. "Historicizing Sexuality: Materialism, Recent Trends, and Surplus Populations." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625073.

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Traditional Marxist historical materialism employs a material analysis that privileges how capitalism interacts with subject formation and has been used in recent historicizations of sexuality. This paper understands that line of analysis to be gendering, racializing, and pathologizing and examines LGBTQ history as a starting point to decenter capitalism from the analysis. Using Roderick Ferguson's "queer of color" critique, this paper maintains that more specifically, history should attend to the emergence of surplus populations which capitalism keeps hidden. Under the umbrella of queer of color critique, migration studies, transnational perspectives, and the destabilizing nature of queer theory all have the capacity to provide a fuller view of sexual difference and the histories of LGBTQ and other surplus populations. Furthermore, a legal framework provides an opportunity to take theory into practice by examining legislation with the analytical scope of queer of color and from an anti-capitalist vantage point.
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Bhattacharya, Rajesh. "Capitalism in Post-Colonial India: Primative Accumulation Under Dirigiste and Laissez Faire Regimes." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/252.

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In this dissertation, I try to understand processes of dispossession and exclusion within a class-focused Marxian framework grounded in the epistemological position of overdetermination. The Marxian concept of primitive accumulation has become increasingly prominent in contemporary discussions on these issues. The dominant reading of "primitive accumulation" in the Marxian tradition is historicist, and consequently the notion itself remains outside the field of Marxian political economy. The contemporary literature has de-historicized the concept, but at the same time missed Marx's unique class-perspective. Based on a non-historicist reading of Marx, I argue that primitive accumulation--i.e. separation of direct producers from means of production in non-capitalist class processes--is constitutive of capitalism and not a historical process confined to the period of transition from pre-capitalism to capitalism. I understand primitive accumulation as one aspect of a more complex (contradictory) relation between capitalist and non-capitalist class structure which is subject to uneven development and which admit no teleological universalization of any one class structure. Thus, this dissertation claims to present a notion of primitive accumulation theoretically grounded in the Marxian political economy. In particular, the dissertation problematizes the dominance of capital over a heterogeneous social formation and understands primitive accumulation as a process which simultaneously supports and undermines such dominance. At a more concrete level, I apply this new understanding of primitive accumulation to a social formation--consisting of "ancient" and capitalist enterprises--and consider a particular conjuncture where capitalist accumulation is accompanied by emergence and even expansion of a "surplus population" primarily located in the "ancient" economy. Using these theoretical arguments, I offer an account of postcolonial capitalism in India, distinguishing between two different regimes--1) the dirigiste planning regime and 2) the laissez-faire regime. I argue that both regimes had to grapple with the problem of surplus population, as the capitalist expansion under both regimes involved primitive accumulation. I show how small peasant agriculture, traditional non-capitalist industry and informal "ancient" enterprises (both rural and urban) have acted as "sinks" for surplus population throughout the period of postcolonial capitalist development in India.
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Zatřepálek, Jiří. "Závislost na počítačových hrách u žáků druhého stupně vybraných základních škol." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310560.

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The theoretical part of this thesis describes addictive behavior on the Internet and on- line games, the profile of the target group of students in primary schools in connection with a range of personality traits in terms of posing a risk of substance use. The purpose of the research thesis is the implementation of a questionnaire study on the prevalence of addictive behavior in using the Internet to play on-line games and identify links between this behavior and the various activities carried out on the Internet, sociodemographic characteristics, experience with substance use and risk factors for anxiety, hopelessness, search experiences and impulsivity. The basic set consists of all students 6 to 9 years of school districts in Kolin and Kutna Hora. The aim is to get around the 50 respondents showing signs of addictive behavior or threat of execution dependency behavior of the correlation study, the research file contains more than 600 pupils.
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Books on the topic "Surplus population"

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William, Cobbett. Surplus population and the Poor Law bill: A comedy : in three acts. Leeds: Pelagian, 1994.

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Surplus Population. Pelagian Press, 1994.

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Srinivasan, Sharada, and Shuzhuo Li. Scarce Women and Surplus Men in China and India: Macro Demographics versus Local Dynamics. Springer, 2018.

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Srinivasan, Sharada, and Shuzhuo Li. Scarce Women and Surplus Men in China and India: Macro Demographics versus Local Dynamics. Springer, 2017.

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Soederberg, Susanne. Debtfare States and the Poverty Industry: Money, Discipline and the Surplus Population. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Soederberg, Susanne. Debtfare States and the Poverty Industry: Money, Discipline and the Surplus Population. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Soederberg, Susanne. Debtfare States and the Poverty Industry: Money, Discipline and the Surplus Population. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Soederberg, Susanne. Debtfare States and the Poverty Industry: Money, Discipline and the Surplus Population. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Hudson, Valerie M., and Andrea M. den Boer. Bare Branches: The Security Implications of Asia's Surplus Male Population (BCSIA Studies in International Security). The MIT Press, 2004.

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Hudson, Valerie M., and Andrea M. DenBoer. Bare Branches: The Security Implications of Asia's Surplus Male Population (BCSIA Studies in International Security). The MIT Press, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Surplus population"

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Li, Shuzhuo, Quanbao Jiang, and Marcus W. Feldman. "The Male Surplus in China’s Marriage Market: Review and Prospects." In INED Population Studies, 77–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8987-5_5.

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Otani, Teinosuke. "Accumulation of Capital and Relative Surplus Population." In A Guide to Marxian Political Economy, 237–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65954-1_10.

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Ulibarri, Carlos A. "Expected Consumer Surplus from Medicaid in a Prototypical Working-Age Household." In Population Change and Public Policy, 211–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57069-9_10.

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Larsson, Jesper, and Eva-Lotta Päiviö Sjaunja. "Trade, Taxation, and Population." In Self-Governance and Sami Communities, 71–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87498-8_4.

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AbstractThe chapter presents three main variables that impacted how and why Sami land use changed in the early modern period. The first one is trade, that gained importance in the seventeenth century with fundamental changes in its infrastructure. Sami households accumulated a surplus in their growing herds of domesticated reindeer. The other variable is taxation and it was a complicated task for the government. They tried different methods for taxing Sami before they finally decided on a collective tax paid in money in 1695. It meant lowered tax levies and a more predictable tax for individual Sami. It had a positive effect on the household economy as well as on population numbers in the eighteenth century. The last variable to be defined is population size.
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Turbat, Vincent. "The Demographic Dividend: A Potential Surplus Generated by a Demographic Transition." In Africa's Population: In Search of a Demographic Dividend, 181–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46889-1_12.

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Bhattacharya, Rajesh. "Primitive Accumulation and Surplus Population: A Critique of Capitalocentrism in Marxian Theory." In ‘Capital’ in the East, 137–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9468-4_9.

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Gulati, Ashok, and Ritika Juneja. "Transforming Indian Agriculture." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 9–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0763-0_2.

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AbstractAgriculture is an important sector of the Indian economy. Covering 11.24% of the world’s arable land area and 4% of the world’s renewable water resources, India produces sufficient food, feed and fibre to sustain about 18% (1.38 billion) of the world’s population (as of 2020). Over the last few decades (1980/81–2019/20), the sector has registered an average annual growth of 3.2%—almost double the population growth of 1.7% per annum during the same period. As a result, it has turned India from a food deficit country to one with a net trade surplus of 3.7% of agri-gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018–19. Agriculture contributes about 16.5% to the country’s overall GDP, and employs nearly 42.3% of the country’s workforce (2019/–20), with an average holding size of just 1.08 hectares (2015/16). This chapter dwells on how Indian agriculture was structurally transformed over the long run and the role of technologies, investments and institutions and policies in this transformation. In the light of this, a moot question addressed in this paper is: can India remain a food surplus nation by 2030, especially in the wake of emerging challenges of sustainability, climate change, urbanisation, etc.? The chapter ends on a positive note that with emerging innovations across food value chains, India can remain largely self-reliant in food—with the possibility of some net surpluses—and can also graduate to more nutritious diets, provided agriculture policy is not only crop-neutral but also neutral between consumers and producers.
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Chowdhury, Kanishka. "Refugees’ Rights: Capital, Óscar Martínez’s The Beast, Gianfranco Rosi’s Fuocoammare, and the “Problem” of the Surplus Population." In Human Rights Discourse in the Post-9/11 Age, 187–223. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13872-1_6.

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Bhalla, Sheila. "From ‘Relative Surplus Population’ and ‘Dual Labour Markets’ to ‘Informal’ and ‘Formal’ Employment and Enterprises: Insights About Causation and Consequences." In Labour Questions in the Global South, 109–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4635-2_6.

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Theodore, Nik. "The Production of Surplus Populations." In The Routledge Handbook of Social Change, 34–41. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351261562-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Surplus population"

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Piacenza, Joseph, Irem Y. Tumer, Christopher Hoyle, and John Fields. "Power Grid System Design Optimization Considering Renewable Energy Strategies and Environmental Impact." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88451.

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The North American power grid is a highly heterogeneous and dispersed complex system that has been constructed ad-hoc over the past century. Large-scale propagating system failures remain constant over the past 30 years as the rising population and affiliated energy centric culture continues to drive increases in energy demand. In addition, there are continued negative effects from various types of energy generation strategies, including renewables, on the environment. This paper presents a methodology for a high-level system optimization of a power grid capturing annual cost, energy use, and environmental impact for use during the early design trade studies. A model has been created to explore the system state of a power grid based on various types of energy generation, including both fossil fuel and renewable strategies. In addition, energy conservation practices for commercial and residential applications are explored as an alternative solution to meet predicted demand. A component for incorporating design trades within the model has been developed to analyze the feasibility of trading surplus energy between interconnections as a means to address issues with excess generation and mitigate the need for additional generation. The result is a set of Pareto Optimal solutions considering both cost and environmental impact that meet predicted energy demand constraints.
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YURTBEKLER, Hasan. "TWO AUTHORS IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIALIST-REALISTIC LITERATURE: JOHN STEINBECK AND ORHAN KEMAL." In 3. International Congress of Language and Literature. Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/lan.con3-6.

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Increasing mechanization since the Industrial Revolution has affected many societies of the world, especially Western societies. Increasing mechanization with the revolution has brought with it migration movements due to economic origin. Increasing migration from rural areas to cities with the dream of a better life has resulted in worse socio-economic results rather than individuals leading a better life. The surplus of workers resulting from the ever-increasing population in the cities has provided the capital owners with the opportunity to employ workers at a lower cost. As a result, working hours increased and wages decreased. Workers are compelled to lead an inhuman life in the cities. Increasing mechanization has begun to show its effect in rural areas as well, with the mechanization in agriculture, the workforce of the villagers has decreased, and their lands have been taken away from them by means of banks and they have been forced to migrate. Some artists could not remain indifferent to these difficult life conditions experienced by the workers, and they dealt with this subject in their works. This situation brought with it a new understanding of literature. This understanding is the "Socialist Realist" understanding of art, the foundation of which was laid in Soviet Russia in 1934. With this understanding, a number of duties and ideologies have been imposed on the artist and the artist. In this study, in addition to the universality and literary similarity of the subjects of John Steinbeck and Orhan Kemal, two writers from different geographies in the context of SocialistRealistic Literature understanding, the social and political reasons why Orhan Kemal could not achieve such a great reputation as Steinbeck despite this literary success are both sociological and sociological. and will be examined from the perspective of comparative literature. Key words: Socialist Literature, Orhan Kemal, John Steinbeck.
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Liao, C., K. Tran, M. Richardson, K. Darcy, C. Tiao, CA Hamilton, L. Maxwell, et al. "41 Increase in uterine serous carcinoma: will it surpass uterine endometrioid cancer? A population analysis of 720,984 uterine cancer patients." In IGCS 2020 Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-igcs.41.

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Amoroso, Fernando, Rubén Hidalgo-León, Jaqueline Litardo, Alejandro Granja, Jackeline Calderón, Diego Siguenza-Alvarado, and Guillermo Soriano. "Simulations of Solar Power Systems to Provide Electricity to a Model Water Desalination Plant in Floreana Island, Ecuador." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-62841.

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Abstract This work shows the techno-economic comparison of the design of two solar photovoltaic systems: 1) on-grid (G-SPVS) and 2) off-grid (SPVS). Both schemes aim to supply electricity to a model water desalination plant located in Floreana Island, Ecuador. The annual load profiles and other operational details of the case study were previously obtained. For this research, a period of 15-years was analyzed. During this time, the maximum power of water pump system remained constant and represented the highest percentage of the electrical load, which changed each year influenced by the drinking water requirements of the population. Results from the HOMER PRO simulations showed that the SPVS produced higher surpluses of electricity. In contrast, the G-SPVS exhibited lower net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE).
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Correa, Jan M., and Alba C. Melo. "Improving the Performance of a Dynamic Load Balancer Using a Classifier System." In Simpósio de Arquitetura de Computadores e Processamento de Alto Desempenho. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbac-pad.2001.22200.

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Processor scheduling in its general formulation is a NP-Complete problem. In the Dynamic Load Balancing problem the scheduler has to redistribute processes during their running lifetime trying to improve the performance according some optimization criterion. To tackle such a difficult problem is worth use heuristics to seek for better results. Among various heuristics, genetic algorithms are often used to handle problems with high complexity. In this paper we try to optimize the decisions taken by a dynamic load balancer with preemptive migration in a distributed environment using a Classifier System (CS). CS is an adaptive program that evolves decision rules applying genetic algorithms over a population of rules and selecting the best of them. CS has the ability of adapt to environment changes. The rules are rewarded or punished depending on their performance. This performance-driven behavior allows them to perform well even with few information. The results have been impressive and the classifier system was able to surpass, without previous knowledge of the properties of workload, the performance of a well designed analytic criterion.
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Rokita-Poskart, Diana. "What universities towns and cities gain from students’ retention? Evidence from Opole." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-3.

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The purpose of the study is to investigate the long run consequences of graduate’s retention by university towns and cities. It investigates hypothesis that the inflow of students to the university towns and cities among who dominate women, and their prosper to remain after graduation, cause surpluses of young women. The analysis presented in the article was conducted for Opole which is one of university towns in Opolskie Voivideship (region) in Poland. In the article, there were combined data applied – the results of the research was conducted in Opole among students and a range on statistic database from Opolskie Voivideship. The research has been conducted in 2016/2017 among more than 700 students of last academic years from all universities located in Opole. The data origins from Poland Statistics aggregated to the poviats of Opolskie region which are equivalent LAU-1. The most important findings proved that inflow of students to the towns and cities may create a huge demographic impact on the urban areas as some graduates remain in the university towns and cities after graduation. The most important is the fact that there are mostly younger women in working age population which affects the demographic potential of the urban area.
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Carvalho, Violeta, Nelson Rodrigues, Raquel O. Rodrigues, José C. Teixeira, João Miranda, Rui A. Lima, and Senhorinha Teixeira. "Influence of the Inlet Velocity on Oxygen Gradients in a Liver-on-a-Chip Model." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96001.

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Abstract Cancer continues to be one of the diseases that most affect the population around the world and different lines of research have been conducted to develop new therapies. However, a critical problem in this process is the lack of suitable in vitro preclinical platforms to assess the drug targets, toxicity, and efficacy. In order to surpass these issues, organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms emerged as a potential alternative for two-dimensional in vitro models, and computational simulations have played an important role. This tool boosts and supports the development process of OoC devices. Moreover, through numerical simulations, an overview of the fluid flow can be obtained which is useful for getting insights about the expected experimental results. Nevertheless, attention must be taken when defining the boundary conditions, fluid properties, and solution methods among other parameters that will affect the end results. In this regard, the aim of the present work is to evaluate the influence of varying the boundary conditions on the oxygen gradients along the liver-on-a-chip, namely imposing different velocities at the inlet and considering or not the convective term. It was found that for the OoC tested, by increasing the inlet velocity, the dissolved oxygen that reaches the organoids decreases.
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Reports on the topic "Surplus population"

1

Frijters, Paul. WELLBYs, cost-benefit analyses and the Easterlin Discount. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.deb04.

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The current practise of cost-benefit analysis inWestern countries consists of a collection of various incompatible ideas and methodologies to obtain replicable numbers for the costs and benefits of major public spending plans. This paper describes the main elements of the dominant methodology, which combines consumer and producer surplus, price-taking, government-inputs-as-outputs, hedonic pricing of externalities, and the issue-specific use of partial or general equilibrium thinking. The paper then discusses how that methodology can be augmented and partially replaced by looking at how prospective policies would change the total number of WELLBYs (life satisfaction-adjusted years of life) of the population. The ability of the WELLBY methodology to address complex externalities is illustrated by the Easterlin Discount, which is a proposed reduction factor of 75% on all estimates of private consumption benefits to offset the envy caused in others.
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2

Koven, William, Gordon Grau, Benny Ron, and Tetsuya Hirano. Improving fry quality, survival and growth in commercially farmed fish by dietary stimulation of thyroid hormone production in premetamorphosing larvae. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695856.bard.

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There is a direct correlation between successful metamorphosis from larvae to post-larvae and the quality of the resultant juveniles or fry. Juvenile quality, in turn, is a major factor influencing fish production level and market price. However, following the profound morphological and physiological changes occurring during metamorphosis, the emerging juveniles in some species characteristically demonstrate heterotrophic growth, poor pigmentation, cannibalism and generally poor survival. The white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) in Israel and the Pacific threadfin (Polydactylussexfilis) in Hawaii are two promising candidates for mariculture that have high market value but a natural fishery that has sharply declined in recent years. Unfortunately, their potential for culture is severely hampered by variable metamorphic success limiting their production. The main objective was to compare the efficacy and economic viability of dietary or environmental iodine on metamorphic success and juvenile quality in the white grouper and the pink snapper which would lead to improved commercial rearing protocols and increased production of these species both in Israel and the US. The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology encountered problems with the availability of pink snapper brood stock and larvae and changed to Pacific threadfin or moi which is rapidly becoming a premier aquaculture species in Hawaii and throughout the Indo-Pacific. The white grouper brood stock at the National Center for Mariculture was lost as a result of a viral outbreak following the sudden breakdown of the ozone purification system. In addition, the NCM suffered a devastating fire in the fall of 2007 that completely destroyed the hatchery and laboratory facilities although the BARD project samples were saved. Nevertheless, by studying alternate species a number of valuable findings and conclusions that can contribute to improved metamorphosis in commercially valuable marine species resulted from this collaborative effort. The Israeli group found that exposing white grouper larvae to external TH levels synchronized and increased the rate of metamorphosis. This suggested that sub-optimal synthesis of TH may be a major factor causing size heterogeneity in the larval population and high mortality through cannibalism by their larger more metamorphosed cohorts. Two protocols were developed to enrich the larvae with higher levels of the TH precursor, iodine; feeding iodine enriched Artemia or increasing the level of seawater iodine the larvae are exposed to. Results of accumulated iodine in gilthead seabream larvae indicated that the absorption of iodine from the water is markedly more efficient than feeding iodine enriched Artemia nauplii. Samples for TH, which will be analyzed shortly, will be able to determine if another dietary factor is lacking to effectively utilize surplus tissue iodine for TH synthesis. Moreover, these samples will also clarify which approach to enriching larvae with iodine, through the live food or exposure to iodine enriched seawater is the most efficient and cost effective. The American group found that moi larvae reared in ocean water, which possessed substantially higher iodine levels than those found in seawater well water, grew significantly larger, and showed increased survival compared with well water reared larvae. Larvae reared in ocean water also progressed more rapidly through developmental stages than those in low-iodine well seawater. In collaboration with Israeli counterparts, a highly specific and precise radioimmunoassay procedure for thyroid hormones and cortisol was developed. Taken altogether, the combined Hawaiian and Israeli collaborative research suggests that for teleost species of commercial value, adequate levels of environmental iodine are more determinate in metamorphosis than iodine levels in the live zooplankton food provided to the larvae. Insuring sufficiently high enough iodine in the ambient seawater offers a much more economical solution to improved metamorphosis than enriching the live food with costly liposomes incorporating iodine rich oils.
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