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Journal articles on the topic 'Surpluses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Jiang, Zhengyang, Hanno Lustig, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, and Mindy Z. Xiaolan. "The U.S. Public Debt Valuation Puzzle." Econometrica 92, no. 4 (2024): 1309–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta20497.

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The government budget constraint ties the market value of government debt to the expected present discounted value of fiscal surpluses. We find evidence that U.S. Treasury investors fail to impose this no‐arbitrage restriction in the United States. Both cyclical and long‐run dynamics of tax revenues and government spending make the surplus claim risky. In a realistic asset pricing model, this risk in surpluses creates a large gap between the market value of debt and its fundamental value, the PDV of surpluses, suggesting that U.S. Treasuries may be overpriced.

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Oenema, O., L. van Liere, S. Plette, T. Prins, H. van Zeijts, and O. Schoumans. "Environmental effects of manure policy options in The Netherlands." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 3 (2004): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0172.

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This study explores the effects of manure policy options for agricultural land in The Netherlands on nitrate leaching to groundwater, ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere and on eutrophication of surface waters. The implementation of the farm gate balance MINAS at farm level, with levy-free N surpluses in the range of 300 to 40 kg per ha per year, and levy-free P surpluses in the range of 17.5 to 0.4 kg of P per ha per year, have been examined. Results indicate that nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater are related to N surplus, land use, soil type and groundwater le

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3

Satriani, Ratna, Anisur Rosyad, and Indah Widyarini. "Marketable dan Merketed Surplus Beras di Kabupaten Banyumas." Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 5, no. 3 (2021): 618–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2021.005.03.2.

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Efforts to increase rice production must be integrated from the upstream sub-system, the farming sub-system, the downstream sub-system and the support sub-system. Upstream sub-system development is very important and cannot be ignored. Ownership of land by farmers is very small with an area of less than 0.5 hectares, most farmers are actually only landless farm laborers who depend on their work as agricultural laborers. Rice farmers in Banyumas Regency cannot be clearly defined as a producer when looking at the consumption side of the farmer. This study aims to determine the performance of ric

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4

Miller, David S. "A Monetary-Fiscal Theory of Sudden Inflations and Currency Crises." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no. 056 (2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.057.

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Treating nominal government bonds like other bonds leads to a new theory of sudden inflations and currency crises. Holmstrom (2015) and Gorton (2017) describe bonds as having costly-to-investigate opaque backing that consumers believe is sufficient for repayment. Government bonds' nominal return is their face value, their real return is determined by the government's surplus. In normal times, consumers are confident of repayment but ignorant of the true surpluses that will fund that repayment. When consumers' belief in real repayment wavers, they investigate surpluses. If consumers learn surpl

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5

Haffert, Lukas. "Permanent budget surpluses as a fiscal regime." Socio-Economic Review 17, no. 4 (2017): 1043–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwx050.

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Abstract This article challenges the focus on budget deficits that permeates the literature on the comparative political economy of fiscal policy. It analyzes countries running budget surpluses and asks why some preserved these surpluses while others did not. Whereas several OECD members recorded surpluses for just a few years, balanced budgets became the norm in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, New Zealand and Sweden in the late 1990s. The article compares both types of countries. Focusing on Canada and Sweden, it argues that a path-dependent shift in the balance of power among competing

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LEHTONEN, H., J. LANKOSKI, and K. KOIKKALAINEN. "Economic and environmental performance of alternative policy measures to reduce nutrient surpluses in Finnish agriculture." Agricultural and Food Science 16, no. 4 (2008): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960607784125366.

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This paper provides an economic sector level analysis of the effectiveness of different policy measures in decreasing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) surpluses from agriculture in order to reduce nutrient runoff from agricultural fields to watercourses and to improve water quality of surface waters. Assuming no changes in the EU level policies after CAP reform 2003 we focus on national level policy measures such as full or partial de-coupling of national support from production, payments for reduced nutrient surpluses of N and P, and N fertiliser tax. None of the analysed policy measures is su

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7

Wang, Shimao, Xiaowei Yu, Yucheng Xia, et al. "Changes in Nutrient Surpluses and Contents in Soils of Cereals and Kiwifruit Fields." Agronomy 14, no. 11 (2024): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14112556.

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Knowledge of nutrient surpluses in soils is critical to optimize nutrient management and minimize adverse environmental effects. We investigated the nutrient surpluses in soils in two regions over 25 years (1992 to 2017) in the south Loess Plateau, China. One region has cereals as the main crop, whereas in the other region, the main cereal crops was changed to kiwi orchards. The inputs of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) increased rapidly (by 74%, 77%, and 103% from 1992 to 2017 in the cereal region; and by 91%, 204%, and 368% in the kiwifruit region), while the nutrient outputs

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8

Felipe, Jesus, Kristine Kintanar, and Joseph Anthony Lim. "Asia’s Current Account Surplus: Savings Glut or Investment Drought?" Asian Development Review 23, no. 01 (2006): 16–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110506000029.

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Over the last few years economists have started referring to the existence of “global payments imbalances”, reflected in the growing current account surpluses and deficits among different regions of the world (surpluses mostly, but not only, by a number of Asian countries; deficits mainly by the US), together with a substantial accumulation of international reserves (also by a number of Asian countries). This paper examines Asia’s current account surplus from the perspective of the savings−investment gap in order to determine whether the surplus is a result of an increase in savings rates (i.e

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9

Zvonareva, Anastasia P. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the FAS of the Russian Federation Based on the Indicator of Consumer Surplus." Journal of Modern Competition 15, no. 3 (2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0657-2021-15-3-86-96.

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The article distinguishes between the immediate and final results of the competition policy. The importance of taking into account the final results for the state and society is justified. It is argued that they can be quantified by calculating consumer benefits from eliminating and preventing violations of antitrust laws. The calculation method used in The Competition and Market Authority (CMA, UK) is given. In addition to calculating direct gains (losses), it also calculates indirect ones arising from the reaction of firms-outsiders to the investigation. The criteria for the effectiveness of

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10

Dicks, Geoffrey. "SURPLUSES AND DEFICITS." Economic Outlook 12, no. 7 (1988): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0319.1988.tb00399.x.

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11

Lopez, Rigoberto A. "Economic Surpluses in the U.S. Sugar Market." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 19, no. 1 (1990): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00000155.

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The objective of this article is to estimate historical economic surpluses for the subsectors involved in the U.S. sugar market. Annual producer and consumer surpluses were computed based on a five-equation model and 1958–87 data. In the last decade, the welfare position of cane- and beet-sugar producers has been roughly maintained, the domestic consumer surplus and the export quasi-rents to foreign countries have both declined, and quasi-rents of the corn-sweetener industry now surpass those that accrue to the cane industry and are about the same as those of the beet-sugar industry. Some poli

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12

Vaze, Prabhat, Samuel Kudhlande, Jim Wright, and Stephen Gundry. "A Spatial Analysis of Household Grain Purchases in Zimbabwe's Liberalized Marketing System." Outlook on Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1996): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500107.

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In Zimbabwe, it was popularly believed that the rural areas were in grain surplus or at least self-sufficient. Therefore, after Independence, a subsidized and controlled public marketing system was developed to move all rural surpluses to urban households. This system, however, could not channel surpluses cheaply to deficit rural areas and therefore adversely affected rural food security. Recently, the Zimbabwean grain markets have been liberalized. More direct channels for rural consumers to access surplus production through the market have emerged which can potentially cut the marketing cost

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13

Han, Chirok, and Kwanho Shin. "What Explains Current Account Surplus in Korea?" Asian Economic Papers 17, no. 2 (2018): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00610.

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Since the currency crisis in 1998, Korea has experienced continuous current account surpluses. Recently, the current account surplus increased more rapidly—amounting to 7.7 percent of GDP in 2015. In this paper, we investigate the underlying reasons for the widening of Korea's current account surpluses. We find that the upward trend in Korea's current account surpluses is largely explained by its demographical changes. Other economic variables are only helpful when explaining short run fluctuations in current account balances. Moreover, we show that Korea's current account surplus is expected

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14

Spedding, Colin R. W. "Food Surpluses and Starvation." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 12, no. 3 (1987): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/isr.1987.12.3.265.

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15

Gradziuk, Piotr, Barbara Gradziuk, Anna Trocewicz, and Błażej Jendrzejewski. "Potential of Straw for Energy Purposes in Poland—Forecasts Based on Trend and Causal Models." Energies 13, no. 19 (2020): 5054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195054.

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The mitigation of climate change poses a major challenge to the legal framework which aims to stimulate the development of renewable energy sources. The European Union’s direction for the use of renewable energy is distributed generation and an increased use of by-products and organic waste, especially in the production of next-generation biofuels. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the production potential of straw in Poland and the possibility of its use for energy purposes, including a forecast for 2030, on the assumption that the management of this resource is in accordance with the

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16

Bizjak, Marko, Niko Uremovič, Domen Mongus, et al. "Energy Flexibility in Aluminium Smelting: A Long-Term Feasibility Study Based on the Prospects of Electricity Load and Photovoltaic Production." Applied Sciences 14, no. 22 (2024): 10108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142210108.

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This paper investigates the economic feasibility of utilising energy flexibility in aluminium production as a viable solution to leverage electricity surpluses arising from the increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) system installations. Future trends suggest that the generation capacity of PV systems will soon surpass consumption, leading to significant electricity surpluses, particularly during the summer. This surplus electricity, which is anticipated to be available at low prices, offers a unique opportunity to evaluate different investment and utilisation scenarios for aluminium productio

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Burkart, M., D. James, M. Liebman, and E. van Ouwerkerk. "Integrating principles of nitrogen dynamics in a method to estimate leachable nitrogen under agricultural systems." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (2006): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.063.

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Surplus nitrogen (N) in ground and surface water is of concern in intensive agricultural regions. Surplus N leaches during lengthy periods where annual crop systems are used in temperate regions. This paper presents a model to estimate the surplus N available for leaching to ground water beneath agricultural systems and applies the model to watersheds in an intensive maize and soybean production system. The model utilizes commonly available georeferenced data on soils, crops, and livestock, making it applicable to watersheds in many regions. The model links stocks of N in soil, crops, livestoc

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18

Śliwiński, Paweł. "Short and Long Term Determinants of the Net International Investment Position Resulting from the Balance of Payments of the European Monetary Union Countries." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 4, no. 336 (2018): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.336.13.

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The paper aims at analysing the level, composition and factors determining changes of the net international investment position (NIIP) of the euro area countries. Although the improvement in the euro area’s NIIP during the period from 2Q2012 to 2Q2016 was largely driven by current account surpluses in 13 out of 19 countries, there is a visible difference between the NIIP changes and their components in the surplus and deficit countries. The group of net foreign assets countries increased its position primarily by running current account surpluses reflecting mainly a positive balance on goods a

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19

Stańko, Stanisław, and Aneta Mikuła. "Tendencje na rynku masła i serów na świecie i w Polsce w latach 2001-2017." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 4 (2018): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.132.

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Changes in production and trends in shortages / market surpluses of butter and cheese in the world and in Poland in 2001-2017 were presented. Market surplus of butter increased in New Zealand, EU and Belarus, and decreased in Australia and Ukraine. Shortages grew in China, Mexico, Iran and Turkey, and decreased in Russia and Canada. Relatively balanced production and consumption occurred in India, Pakistan, the USA and Brazil. On the cheese market, surplus grew in: EU, USA, New Zealand, Argentina and Belarus, and decreased in Australia and Ukraine. The shortages grew in: Russia, Brazil, Mexico

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20

Sri, Widayanti, Rachmah Mazidatur, Yektiningsih Endang, and Firdaus Setiawan Risqi. "The Impact of Rice Import Policy on Community Economic Welfare in East Java." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 5, no. 01 (2022): 106–10. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i1-13.

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This study aims to identify policies, levels of imports, production and consumption in East Java, to analyze the impact of rice import tariff policies on production and consumption and also the community welfare changes in East Java. The data that used in this study are secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), BULOG, and other research. The method of analysis uses the 2SLS simultaneous equation and the economic surplus simulation. The results showed that from 2004 to 2018, East Java always had a higher rice production rate than the consumption, but still continued to do rice im

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Bowker, J. M., Donald B. K. English, and Jason A. Donovan. "Toward a Value for Guided Rafting on Southern Rivers." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 28, no. 2 (1996): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800007410.

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AbstractThis study examines per trip consumer surplus associated with guided Whitewater rafting on two southern rivers. First, household recreation demand functions are estimated based on the individual travel cost model using truncated count data regression methods and alternative price specifications. Findings show mean per trip consumer surplus point estimates between $89 and $286, depending on modeling assumptions and river quality. Magnitudes of these surpluses are very dependent on assumptions about the opportunity cost of time.

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22

Ondersteijn, C. J. M., A. G. J. M. Oude Lansink, G. W. J. Giesen, and R. B. M. Huirne. "Improving Nutrient Efficiency as a Strategy to Reduce Nutrient Surpluses on Dairy Farms." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.266.

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Dutch nutrient policy aims at reducing leaching of agricultural nutrients by internalizing the negative externalities associated with inefficient nutrient use. This is done by taxation of nitrogen and phosphate surpluses that exceed a hectare-based threshold of maximum-allowed surpluses. One management strategy farmers may use to reduce the nutrient surpluses on their farms is to improve the nutrient efficiency of the agricultural production process. This study employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate nitrogen and phosphate efficiencies and an overall nutrient efficiency measure fo

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Kunkel, Ralf, Michael Eisele, and Frank Wendland. "Assessing necessary nutrient reduction for measurement planning in groundwater bodies." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 12 (2008): 2295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.821.

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For the Federal State of Lower Saxony, Germany, nitrogen management options are developed and implemented in three pilot areas using new participation approaches and technologies suitable for programs of measures to reduce diffuse pollution from agriculture. As a target value for water protection measures a nitrate concentration in percolation water of 50 mg/l as an average for a larger area defined by the groundwater bodies and their hydrogeological subdivisions has been defined. An integrative emission model is used to simulate the interactions between agricultural practice, nitrogen surplus

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Ulbricht, Tilo. "Alternative uses for agricultural surpluses." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 20, no. 4 (1988): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90170-3.

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Paterson, A. C. "Alternative uses for agricultural surpluses." Biological Wastes 23, no. 2 (1988): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(88)90073-0.

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High, Andrew C., and Jenny L. Crowley. "Gaps Among Desired, Sought, and Received Support: Deficits and Surpluses in Support When Coping With Taboo Marital Stressors." Communication Research 45, no. 3 (2016): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650215626975.

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When faced with a taboo stressor, people might have desires for support yet feel reticent to seek assistance from others. This study contextualizes desires for support by theorizing that they are directly associated with the support people seek and indirectly associated with what they receive. There may be discrepancies among any of these perspectives, and we expand research on support gaps by considering the existence and outcomes of deficits or surpluses in the support people desire, seek, and receive. A community sample ( N = 205) completed a survey regarding a taboo marital stressor. Respo

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27

Ziegler, Dieter. "Wohin mit den Überschüssen?" Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 110, no. 4 (2023): 442–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/vswg-2023-0010.

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Piasecki, Ryszard, and Erico Wulf Betancourt. "Chile Fiscal Policy Management." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 16, no. 2 (2013): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2013-0011.

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A budget surplus arises in a country when the total revenue earnings surpass expenditures in a particular financial year. Having a budget surplus is very important in the sense that it brings about a decrease in the net public debt, while the public debt is increased in the event of a budget deficit. Both budget deficits and budget surpluses also exert indirect influences on taxpayers. Normally, it is not essential on the part of the government to maintain a budget surplus, though it needs to be very careful when running a budget deficit to have the proper buffer.

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Wang, Ningxin. "Emerging adults’ received and desired support from parents: Evidence for optimal received–desired support matching and optimal support surpluses." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 11-12 (2019): 3448–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518822784.

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This study examined parental support to emerging adults from a support gap perspective, which focuses on discrepancies between the amount of support received and the amount of support desired. Analyzing survey data collected from a sample of emerging adults in college ( N = 341) with polynomial regressions and response surface modeling, the current study revealed that implications of support gaps differed by the support type, directionality of the discrepancy (i.e., support deficits or surpluses), and outcome of interest. For all types of support, emerging adults’ perceived stress was lowest w

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Willmott, Hugh. "Creating ‘value’ beyond the point of production: branding, financialization and market capitalization." Organization 17, no. 5 (2010): 517–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508410374194.

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The contemporary significance of branding as a source of value is explored by situating the creation and valorization of brand equity within ‘the full circuit of capital’. Conceived as a form of co-production occurring in the sphere of circulation (as well as production), brand-building is connected to: the surpluses generated by the labour of user-consumers as well as the designers and producers of branded products and services; the realization of surplus through control of revenues derived from sales of these products and services and the appropriation of surpluses, including the conversion

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Manger, Mark S., and Thomas Sattler. "The Origins of Persistent Current Account Imbalances in the Post-Bretton Woods Era." Comparative Political Studies 53, no. 3-4 (2019): 631–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414019859031.

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Why do some countries run persistent current account surpluses? Why do others run deficits, often over decades, leading to enduring global imbalances? Such persistent imbalances are the root cause of many financial crises and a major source of international economic conflict. We propose that differences in wage-bargaining institutions explain a large share of imbalances through their effect on the trade balance. In countries with coordinated wage bargaining, wage growth in export industries can be restrained to ensure competitiveness, leading to persistent trade surpluses. We estimate the cont

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Stańko, Stanisław, and Aneta Mikuła. "Tendencje na rynku mleka na świecie i w Polsce w latach 2000 2016." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 1 (2018): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.1.22.

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The study presents changes in milk production in the world in 2000-2016. Production changes in general as well as in the largest producers were presented. In the analysed years, total milk production increased on average by 15 million tons per year, i.e. at the rate of 2.18%. In 2016, the share of cow's milk in production was 82.6%, buffalo 13.9%, and goat's, sheep's and camel's milk was 3.4%. Production changes in the largest milk producers varied in directions and scale. Similarly, the directions of changes in the consumption of domestic milk also varied. On this basis, three groups of count

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Dalgaard, T., J. F. Bienkowski, A. Bleeker, et al. "Farm nitrogen balances in six European agricultural landscapes – a method for farming system assessment, emission hotspot identification, and mitigation measure evaluation." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 7 (2012): 8859–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-8859-2012.

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Abstract. Six agricultural landscapes in Poland (PL), the Netherlands (NL), France (FR), Italy (IT), Scotland (UK) and Denmark (DK) were studied, and a common method was developed for undertaking farm inventories and the derivation of farm nitrogen (N) balances and N surplus from the in total 222 farms and 11 440 ha of farmland. In all landscapes, a large variation in the farm N surplus was found, and thereby a large potential for reductions. The highest average N surpluses were found in the most livestock-intensive landscapes of IT, FR, and NL; on average 202 ± 28, 179 ± 63 and 178 ± 20 kg N

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Mittermayer, Martin, August Gilg, Franz-Xaver Maidl, Ludwig Nätscher, and Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen. "Site‐specific nitrogen balances based on spatially variable soil and plant properties." Precision Agriculture 22, no. 5 (2021): 1416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-021-09789-9.

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AbstractIn this study, site-specific N balances were calculated for a 13.1 ha heterogeneous field. Yields and N uptake as input data for N balances were determined with data from a combine harvester, reflectance measurements from satellites and tractor-mounted sensors. The correlations between the measured grain yields and yields determined by digital methods were moderate. The calculated values for the N surpluses had a wide range within the field. Nitrogen surpluses were calculated from − 76.4 to 91.3 kg ha−1, with a mean of 24.0 kg ha−1. The use of different data sources and data collection

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Loukoianova, Elena, and Shaun P. Vahey. "Debt and Budget Surpluses with A Tax Habit and Balanced Budget Hawks." Public Finance and Management 6, no. 2 (2006): 186–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210600600204.

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In this paper, we demonstrate the theoretical implications of a tax habit and balanced budget hawks on the (log) primary budget surplus. the tax habit causes the budget surplus to respond more smoothly to the expected present value of government purchases than in a tax smoothing model. Put differently, a fiscal authority with a tax habit smoothes the adjustment of taxes to “news”. Fiscal policymakers advocating contemporaneously balanced budgets, which we refer to as “balanced budget hawks”, increase the sensitivity of surpluses to current government purchases. Using UK data from 1942 to 1964,

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Garzón Espinosa, Eduardo, Esteban Cruz Hidalgo, Bibiana Medialdea García, and Carlos Sánchez Mato. "An international empirical study on the fiscal surplus from the perspective of sectoral balances." Revista de Economía Mundial, no. 63 (April 21, 2023): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/rem.vi63.7094.

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The simultaneous recording of public surplus with current account deficit in a national economy could be related to strong private leverage that usually ends in financial crisis, what would make the public surplus unsustainable. The objective of this work is to check the extent to which this claim is bolstered by empirical support. The results reveal that, in effect, the concurrence of public surpluses and current account deficits is associated with private leverage processes and financial crises. These outcomes question the design of the current fiscal rules since they don’t pay attention to

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HORIOKA, CHARLES YUJI. "IS IMBALANCES AND CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUSES IN JAPAN: IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR RONALD I. MCKINNON." Singapore Economic Review 61, no. 02 (2016): 1640020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590816400208.

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In this paper, I find (1) that Japan showed massive and persistent current account surpluses from at least 1981 until at least 2011, (2) that Professor Ronald McKinnon was correct, at least in the case of Japan, and that these large and persistent current account surpluses were due primarily to Japan’s large and persistent IS imbalances (the excess of saving over investment), (3) that the specific causes of the IS imbalances have changed dramatically over time, and (4) that future trends in Japan’s IS imbalances (current account surpluses) are difficult to project but that they will probably n

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Misztal, Piotr. "Globalna nierównowaga finansowa we współczesnej gospodarce światowej." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 1 (2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.1.14.

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The aim of this article is to assess the scale of global financial imbalance in countries with different levels of economic development, and to identify the main determinants of this phenomenon. In the paper, a research method based on literature studies in the field of international finance and international economics is used. In particular, rich foreign-language literature and Polish-language publications related to the analyzed subject were used. All statistical data used in the work comes from the International Monetary Fund's statistical database. Based on the literature, it has been foun

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Bisson, Peter A., Charles C. Coutant, Daniel Goodman, et al. "Hatchery Surpluses in the Pacific Northwest." Fisheries 27, no. 12 (2002): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2002)027<0016:hsitpn>2.0.co;2.

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Zoega, Gylfi. "Financial Crises and Current Account Surpluses." Atlantic Economic Journal 49, no. 2 (2021): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-021-09718-1.

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Harrity, Sara. "''Extracting the gold" from book surpluses." Logos 5, no. 3 (1994): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2959/logo.1994.5.3.153.

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Harris, Curtis C., and Virginia D. McConnell. "Surpluses in Disequilibrium Urban Land Markets." Real Estate Economics 15, no. 4 (1987): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.00437.

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Burrell, Alison. "EC AGRICULTURAL SURPLUSES AND BUDGET CONTROL." Journal of Agricultural Economics 38, no. 1 (1987): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1987.tb01020.x.

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Orr, James C., Norman L. Guinasso, and David R. Schink. "222Rn surpluses in warm-core rings." Journal of Geophysical Research 90, no. C5 (1985): 8903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc090ic05p08903.

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Schröder, J. J., P. van Asperen, G. J. M. van Dongen, and F. G. Wijnands. "Nutrient surpluses on integrated arable farms." European Journal of Agronomy 5, no. 3-4 (1996): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1161-0301(96)02030-8.

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Cotner, Melvin L. "Waterbusting: Irrigation investment aggravates commodity surpluses." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 42, no. 5 (1987): 335–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224561.1987.12456106.

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Shi, Ying. "A study on the impact of listed companies' strategies on surplus sustainability." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 16 (August 2, 2023): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v16i.10559.

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Strategic differences have an important impact on the quality of surpluses. Based on the perspective of surplus persistence, this paper uses a total of 8917 data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen in China from 2014-2019 as the research sample, and uses a first-order linear autoregressive model to explore the relationship between strategic differences and surplus persistence of listed companies, and the moderating role of property rights nature in this relationship. The study finds that the greater the strategic differences, the lower the surplus persistence; the negative rel

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Zulham, Armen. "DAMPAK SUBSIDI TERHADAP SURPLUS PRODUSEN DAN TOTAL BENEFIT PERIKANAN TANGKAP PANTURA JAWA TENGAH." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 3, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v3i1.5838.

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hidup nelayan. Salah satu indikator untuk menilai peningkatan taraf hidup nelayan akibat dari subsidi adalah surplus produsen dan total benefit dari eksploitasi potensi ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan quaterly data 1998 - 2002, pada delapan lokasi pendaratan ikan di Pantura Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menghitung surplus produsen berdasarkan: baseline (tanpa subsidi) dan subsidi. Perhitungan surplus produsen dilakukan dengan program Maple dengan memasukkan koefisien yang diperoleh dari pendekatan regresi. Secara umum hasil analisis tersebut menunjukkan subsidi perikanan akan mendorong peningka

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Irfan, Mohammad. "Migration and Development in Pakistan: Some Selected Issues." Pakistan Development Review 25, no. 4 (1986): 743–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v25i4pp.743-755.

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Economic progress entails various shifts in resource allocations. A progressive deployment of factors of production from the primary-goods-producing sector to secondary and tertiary sectors is regarded as a vital concomitant of economic transformation. This inter-sectoral transfer of resources, both human and capital, very often involves geographic transfer because of imbalances which manifest themselves u shortages or surpluses. Viewed in this context, migration performs a useful role by transferring excess labour from the agricultural (rural) to the modem industrial sector in urban areas. In

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Li, Jizi, Yueqing Bian, Chunling Liu, and Doudou Wu. "A Hierarchical Innovation-Related Crowdsourcing Decision in Fast Fashion Industry." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (April 13, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9424132.

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Due to scarcity of designers in fast fashion industry and proliferation of the Internet, small- and medium-sized garment makers have gradually turned to external designers to enhance their innovation efficiency via crowdsourcing initiative. However, few have investigated the issue of fast fashion customized-design matching decision in the crowdsourcing context. Different from previous works, we split crowdsourcing matching decision process into three hierarchical submodels in terms of three key factors, namely, surplus, due date, and goodwill. From a dynamic perspective, we first develop a two

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