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Journal articles on the topic 'Surrogacy contract'

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1

Rahayu Gorda, A. A. A. Ngr Sri, Ni Ketut Elly Sutrisni, and I. Gusti Agung Ayu Mas Triwulandari. "The Legal Status of Surrogacy Agreement According to Contract Law in Indonesia." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 8, no. 4 (2019): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2019.v08.i04.p03.

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Indonesia does not yet have specific rules regarding surrogate mother or surrogacy agreement. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the position of surrogacy agreement according to contract law in Indonesia. It is a normative legal research that raising legal issues regarding the position of surrogacy agreement according to contract law in Indonesia. The results of the study showed that according to the elements of the legality of the agreement as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Criminal Code, the surrogacy agreement did not fulfill the objective conditions of the agreement that
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陳重陽, 陳重陽. "代孕契約糾紛案:代理孕母契約到底違反了什麼規定而無效?". 月旦醫事法報告 65, № 65 (2022): 069–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/241553062022030065006.

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3

劉庭維, 劉庭維. "代孕契約糾紛案:代孕契約違反公共秩序或善良風俗". 月旦醫事法報告 65, № 65 (2022): 095–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/241553062022030065007.

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4

Suprun, Yana Ivanovna, and Anastasiya Maksimovna Kozlova. "Practical and theoretical problems of legal regulation of surrogacy." Политика и Общество, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2021.1.35608.

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The subject of this research is the legal norms applied to the surrogacy program as an independent institution that requires a separate place in the system. The object of this research is the social relations arising in the sphere of surrogacy procedures for future parents, as well as protection of the rights of a child born from artificial insemination. Special attention is given to such aspects as the surrogacy contract, registration of a child born to a surrogate mother, court opinion on the refusal to register a child born to a surrogate mother, and right of a single father to register a c
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5

Rasul, Sangar Ali. "Surrogacy contract between permissibility and prohibition." Journal of University of Raparin 7, no. 2 (2020): 242–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(7).no(2).paper11.

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The law is a set of general and abstract rules of conduct that regulate the ties in society, and it is associated with punishment for those who violate it, and the development of these social ties would make legal rules unfeasible. Consequently, the necessity to alter, amend or repeal those rules in response to the growing needs of society so that the legislator can bring the laws in line with these advancements.This includes artificial insemination with surrogacy and the subject is a new emerging and innovative idea, particularly in the legislation of states that authorize it which requires a
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Lavor, Yulia M. "FORM OF THE CONTRACT OF SURROGACY." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 30 (December 1, 2018): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/30/14.

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7

BANERJEE, SWAPNENDU. "GESTATIONAL SURROGACY CONTRACTS: ALTRUISTIC OR COMMERCIAL? A CONTRACT THEORETIC APPROACH*." Manchester School 81, no. 3 (2012): 438–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.2011.02287.x.

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8

Reznik, O. M., and A. E. Ishchukova. "Legal regulation of surrogacy in Ukraine and the United States of America." Legal horizons, no. 18 (2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i18.p34.

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In this article, the authors investigated the regulatory acts and laws governing surrogacy in Ukraine. The concept of “surrogacy” was also considered and the absence of fixing of this term at the legislative level was established. In addition, it was determined that the necessary condition for the implementation of the method of surrogacy is the genetic link of the spouse or one of the couples with an unborn child. It follows that the surrogate mother should not be genetically related to the child. However, the legislator doesn’t prohibit bearing the pregnancy of close relatives of future pare
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9

Yanagihara, Yoshie. "The practice of surrogacy as a phenomenon of ‘bare life’: An analysis of the Japanese case applying Agamben’s theory." Current Sociology 69, no. 2 (2021): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392120964893.

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This article elaborates the cultural and political structures that inform the belief among Japanese that surrogacy is legitimate. It argues that this belief reflects a transition from previously negative attitudes toward surrogacy practices developed in the United States. The article first elaborates the history of the Japanese recognition of surrogacy by introducing early forms of East Asian surrogacy that lasted until the first half of the 20th century. Second, it explores the recent shift in Japanese discussions about surrogacy through an analysis of cultural representations on the topic, m
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10

Kamble, Shanmukh, Sangeetha P. Mane, Charlotte Petitfils, Maria Teresa Muñoz Sastre, and Paul Clay Sorum. "Mapping Young Indians’ Views Regarding the Acceptability of Surrogate Motherhood: A Pilot Survey." Universitas Psychologica 18, no. 3 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-3.myiv.

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The objective was to map young Indians’ views regarding the acceptability of surrogacy, and to delineate the circumstances under which surrogacy is considered as especially problematic. In India, the number of fertility clinics currently operating in the whole country is estimated at over 3,000, making India the international leader in surrogacy. Very recently, however, surrogacy has become controversial. Participants (N = 430) were presented with scenarios depicting the circumstances in which a couple has contracted with a surrogate mother, and they were asked to indicate the extent to which
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11

La Puma, J., DL Scheidermayer, and J. Grover. "Surrogacy and Shakespear: The Merchant's contract revisited." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 30, no. 1 (1989): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(89)90220-8.

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12

La Puma, John, David L. Schiedermayer, and John Grover. "Surrogacy and Shakespeare: The Merchant's contract revisited." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 160, no. 1 (1989): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(89)90087-2.

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13

Zarapina, L. V., and N. Yu Belokopytova. "PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SURROGACY." Law Нerald of Dagestan State University 38, no. 2 (2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2224-0241-2021-38-2-68-72.

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The article examines the theoretical and practical issues of legal regulation of the institute of surrogacy in the context of the current legislation. The authors analyze the positive and negative aspects of the institute under consideration, as well as the prospects for its application in Russian civil law. It is concluded that the public assessment of the current legal regulation of surrogacy in Russia is ambiguous, and the ongoing scientific discussions reinforce the need for early legislative reform. The authors note the fragmentary and not systematic approach of the authorities in the app
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Toledano, Sarah Jane, and Kristin Zeiler. "Hosting the others’ child? Relational work and embodied responsibility in altruistic surrogate motherhood." Feminist Theory 18, no. 2 (2017): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700117700048.

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Studies on surrogate motherhood have mostly explored paid arrangements through the lens of a contract model, as clinical work or as a maternal identity-building project. Turning to the under-examined case of unpaid, so-called altruistic surrogate motherhood and based on an analysis of interviews with women who had been unpaid surrogate mothers in a full gestational surrogacy with a friend or relative in Canada, the United States or Australia, this article explores altruistic surrogate motherhood as relational work. It argues that this form of surrogate motherhood within close interpersonal rel
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Solis, Lorena. "The Voiceless Citizens." Texas A&M Law Review 3, no. 2 (2015): 417–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v3.i2.7.

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As reproduction by surrogacy increases, the problems arising from surrogacy contracts also increase. Countries around the world are being asked to solve never-before-seen legal problems arising from surrogacy agreements. When trying to solve the newly arisen problems, the rights of the child born from the surrogacy contract tend to be overlooked. Enacted laws try to solve the enforceability of the contract and protect the rights of the parties involved— such as, who are the legal parents of the child if both sides of the agreement wish to keep the child. However, few of these laws address a si
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16

Drabiak, Katherine, Carole Wegner, Valita Fredland, and Paul R. Helft. "Ethics, Law, and Commercial Surrogacy: A Call for Uniformity." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35, no. 2 (2007): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00139.x.

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In July of 2005, Indianapolis witnessed streaming headlines in the local newspaper attempting to distill the confusion surrounding the adoption of two premature infants by an adoptive parent. Thirteen articles and opinion pieces introduced the public to a murky legal and ethical transaction. Stating his overwhelming desire to have children, a New Jersey schoolteacher hired the services of a local attorney. The attorney procured a South Carolina woman for a compensated gestational surrogacy contract. Under the contract, the surrogate and the attorney would meet in Indiana to complete the execut
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Borovkova, Violetta V., Aleksandr V. Zubko, Tamara P. Sabgayda, Konstantin E. Khomanov, and Gleb S. Krasnov. "The opinion of the medical community on the legal issues of surrogate maternity." HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 66, no. 1 (2022): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0044-197x-2022-66-1-76-84.

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Introduction. Surrogacy is a method of infertility treatment involving the conclusion of an agreement between potential parents, a surrogate mother and a medical institution. Until now, lawyers have not been able to develop a unified approach to forming the regulatory framework for surrogacy. Whether healthcare providers have developed a standard view of this problem is not clear. The purpose is to summarise the medical community representatives’ views on the surrogacy program’s managing issues and their participants’ rights and obligations. Material and methods. The Internet survey was conduc
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18

Berk, Hillary L. "Savvy Surrogates and Rock Star Parents: Compensation Provisions, Contracting Practices, and the Value of Womb Work." Law & Social Inquiry 45, no. 2 (2020): 398–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.57.

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Abstract:What is the value of surrogate labor and risks, and how is it negotiated by participants as they contract within an unsettled baby market? This article presents novel data on compensation, fee, and bodily autonomy provisions formalized in surrogacy contracts, and the experiences of actors embedded in exchange relations, as they emerge in a contested reproductive market. It combines content analysis of a sample of thirty surrogacy contracts with 115 semi-structured interviews conducted in twenty states across the United States of parties to these agreements, attorneys who draft them, c
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19

Gaibatova, K. D., and P. M. Shamsudinova. "The problem of establishing the origin of children as a legal consequence of the contract on surrogate motherhood." Law Нerald of Dagestan State University 41, no. 1 (2022): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2224-0241-2022-41-1-66-70.

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The article identifies and investigates the problems of establishing the origin of children that arise when concluding a surrogacy contract. The question of the origin of children when using surrogate motherhood remains open, but we emphasize that due to the spread of surrogate motherhood, the position that the mother of the child is the woman who gave birth to him has increasingly become questioned. The legislative vision of the situation is revealed, as well as several examples from practice are given, reflecting the pressing problems of Russian legislation in the field of surrogacy. The pos
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20

Stephenson, Christina. "Reproductive Outsourcing to India: WTO Obligations in the Absence of US National Legislation." Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 1 (2009): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009007.

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This article examines the World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations that inhere from US persons or couples contracting with Indian women for gestational surrogacy. Surrogacy contracts are considered in the context of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the differing laws on surrogacy of different US states. By exploring WTO Appellate Body (AB), Panel and GATT Panel decisions, this article endeavors to determine what WTO obligations bind the US in circumstance of cross–border surrogacy contract. This article addresses how the varying state laws on surrogacy affect the WTO obl
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21

Gola, Swati. "One step forward or one step back? Autonomy, agency and surrogates in the Indian Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill 2019." International Journal of Law in Context 17, no. 1 (2021): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174455232100001x.

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AbstractThe Indian government has recently introduced legislation to regulate ‘altruistic’ surrogacy while banning ‘commercial’ surrogacy amidst the criticism that India has become the ‘baby factory’. In the past decade, academic discourse has raised socioethical and legal issues that surfaced in the unrestricted transnational commercial-surrogacy industry. Most of the literature and ethnographic studies centred on the issues of informed consent, autonomy, decision-making and exploitation. With the proposed legislation, the Indian government has shown its will to regulate surrogacy, including
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22

Hill, John Lawrence. "In Defense of Enforcement of the Surrogate Contract: a Reply to Field." Politics and the Life Sciences 9, no. 2 (1991): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400010820.

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In deciding whether and to what extent surrogate parenting contracts should be recognized, states are faced with three legislative options. First, they may criminalize surrogacy, in effect punishing those who enter into or facilitate surrogate contracts by fine or imprisonment. Second, states may adopt the nonenforcement option. Under this approach, surrogate contracts are not subject to criminal sanction, but neither will they be enforced. The legal effect of such a rule is to leave the surrogate free to carry through with the contract or to refuse to relinquish custody of the child born of t
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23

Lewis. "Surrogacy as Feminism: The Philanthrocapitalist Framing of Contract Pregnancy." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 40, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5250/fronjwomestud.40.1.0001.

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24

Shevory, Thomas C. "Rethinking Public and Private Life via the Surrogacy Contract." Politics and the Life Sciences 8, no. 2 (1990): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400009710.

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25

Park, Jong-Ryeol. "The Legislative Directions about Surrogacy Contract on Civil law." Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information 18, no. 4 (2013): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2013.18.4.161.

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26

Bailey, Alison. "Reconceiving Surrogacy: Toward a Reproductive Justice Account of Indian Surrogacy." Hypatia 26, no. 4 (2011): 715–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01168.x.

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My project here is to argue for situating moral judgments about Indian surrogacy in the context of Reproductive Justice. I begin by crafting the best picture of Indian surrogacy available to me while marking some worries I have about discursive colonialism and epistemic honesty. Western feminists' responses to contract pregnancy fall loosely into two interrelated moments: post‐Baby M discussions that focus on the morality of surrogacy work in Western contexts, and feminist biomedical ethnographies that focus on the lived dimensions of reproductive technologies and how they are embodied and neg
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Zavarza, Tetyana. "Legal Nature and the Subject Matter of the Surrogacy Contract." Medicne pravo 2017, no. 1 (2017): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/medicallaw2017.01.027.

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I. I., Onyshchuk. "Reproductive Rights and Surrogate Motherhood: Legislative, Doctrinal and Bioethical Principles." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (2020): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-12.

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The sphere of reproductive rights is still beyond the scope of a thorough legal analysis, and it is not given due attention in the legal literature. This may be due to the fact that the concept of reproductive rights is new to Ukrainian law and has not yet found its proper place in the general system of law. There is a lack of scientific development in the issue of protection of the rights of the child to birth, trafficking in human beings for the purpose of exploiting surrogate mothers or children born as a result of surrogate motherhood, etc. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legisl
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Kovacek-Stanic, Gordana. "Biomedically assisted reproduction and child birth: Surrogate motherhood in comparative European law and Serbia." Stanovnistvo 51, no. 1 (2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1301001k.

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Surrogate motherhood is an arrangement in which a woman agrees to carry and deliver a child for another couple who ordered the pregnancy. This procedure is applied today in Great Britain, Holland (although without legal regulations), Israel, Greece, Ukraine, Armenia, Georgia, the USA and Australia, and it is forbidden in France, Austria, Spain, Germany, Switzerland and Slovenia. There are two types of surrogacy, one when the woman gives birth to a child who is genetically her own ("partial", genetic surrogacy), and the other where the surrogate mother only carries and gives birth to a child, w
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Rothenberg, Karen H. "Baby M, the Surrogacy Contract, and the Health Care Professional: Unanswered Questions." Law, Medicine and Health Care 16, no. 1-2 (1988): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1988.tb01057.x.

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Yoon, Mimi. "The Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act: Does It Protect the Best Interests of the Child in a Surrogate Arrangement?" American Journal of Law & Medicine 16, no. 4 (1990): 525–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800008534.

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Medical technology is easing the plight of many infertile couples by offering such reproductive alternatives as in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination and surrogacy. In response to the changes in our society's definition of family, wrought by scientific advances, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform States Laws promulgated the Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act. The purpose of this Act is to protect the interests of children born through extraordinary medical procedures. This Note analyzes the Act's provisions regarding surrogacy and focuses on how th
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Shakargy, Sharon. "Choice of law for surrogacy agreements: in the in-between of status and contract." Journal of Private International Law 16, no. 1 (2020): 138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441048.2020.1741121.

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Kumar, Manasi. "BIRTHING A CONTRACT: a critical evaluation of commercial surrogacy in India through a contractual framework." Indian Law Review 1, no. 3 (2017): 206–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24730580.2018.1446659.

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McLeod, Carolyn, and Andrew Botterell. "A Hague convention on contract pregnancy (or “surrogacy”): Avoiding ethical inconsistencies with the Convention on Adoption." IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 7, no. 2 (2014): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ijfab.7.2.0219.

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Lifshitz, Shahar. "Neither Nature nor Contract: Toward an Institutional Perspective on Parenthood Essay." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 8, no. 2 (2014): 297–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2014-0011.

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Abstract The official narrative of parental laws in Israel describes biological parenthood as the natural legal basis for determining parenthood, while recognizing legal adoption and surrogacy, in specific circumstances, as the sole official exception to the rule (and even then with some remnants of the biological connection). However, closer examination of parental laws in Israel, as well as in other countries, reveals that biological parenthood has in fact never served as the sole basis for recognizing parental status. Familial status, explicit and implicit agreements, and functional parenth
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Turp, Ahmet Berkiz, Ismail Guler, Nuray Bozkurt, et al. "Infertility and surrogacy first mentioned on a 4000-year-old Assyrian clay tablet of marriage contract in Turkey." Gynecological Endocrinology 34, no. 1 (2017): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2017.1391208.

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37

Parks, Jennifer A., and Timothy F. Murphy. "So not mothers: responsibility for surrogate orphans." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 8 (2018): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104331.

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The law ordinarily recognises the woman who gives birth as the mother of a child, but in certain jurisdictions, it will recognise the commissioning couple as the legal parents of a child born to a commercial surrogate. Some commissioning parents have, however, effectively abandoned the children they commission, and in such cases, commercial surrogates may find themselves facing unexpected maternal responsibility for children they had fully intended to give up. Any assumption that commercial surrogates ought to assume maternal responsibility for abandoned children runs contrary to the moral sup
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Адылин, Дмитрий Михайлович. "SOME ISSUES OF GRANTING A SUSPENDED SENTENCE." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 3(44) (October 11, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2021.44.3.001.

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В настоящее время одним из приоритетных направлений развития государства является улучшение демографической ситуации в стране, а также поддержка материнства, детства и семьи. Для реализации указанных целей российская правовая политика предусматривает различные механизмы, одним из которых является предоставление отсрочки отбывания наказания беременным женщинам, женщинам и мужчинам, являющимися единственным родителем, до достижения ребенком четырнадцатилетнего возраста. Социальное назначение данного вида отсрочки заключается в обеспечении прав детей на развитие и воспитание в родной семье. В пос
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Oliver, Kelly. "Marxism and Surrogacy." Hypatia 4, no. 3 (1989): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1989.tb00594.x.

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In this article, 1 argue that the liberal framework—its autonomous individuals with equal rights—allows judges to justify enforcing surrogacy contracts. More importantly, even where judges do not enforce surrogacy contracts, the liberal framework conceals gender and class issues which insure that the surrogate will lose custody of her child. I suggest that Marx's analysis of estranged labor can reveal the class and gender issues which the liberal framework conceals.
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Kostiswaran, Prabha. "The laws of social reproduction: a lesson in appropriation." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 64, no. 3 (2020): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v64i3.353.

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This article offers insights into the law’s appropriation of women’s reproductive labour, namely, the intimate labours that they typically carry out in the context of marriage to biologically, socially, emotionally and culturally reproduce members of the household by offering a range of goods and services. Feminist legal scholars have long demonstrated the law’s failure to recognise, much less value, such reproductive labour. Where the law does recognise such labour, feminists argue that it is largely within the parameters of the institution of heterosexual marriage to the exclusion of other o
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Schurr, Carolin, and Elisabeth Militz. "The affective economy of transnational surrogacy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, no. 8 (2018): 1626–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18769652.

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The booming business of global surrogacy has come to a halt: one surrogacy hub after the other has started to regulate the incremental flow of intended parents to the Global South hoping to fulfill their desire for a baby with the help of a foreign surrogate laborer. Thailand and Nepal have banned surrogacy altogether; India and Mexico insist on the altruistic nature of their surrogacy arrangements. As the drive for altruistic surrogacy suggests, the baby holds an exceptional position in many societies: ideas about the ‘unique’ maternal bond create public unease about the commercialization of
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Aznar, Justo, and Julio Tudela. "Gestational surrogacy. Ethical aspects / Maternità surrogata. Questioni etiche." Medicina e Morale 67, no. 3 (2018): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2018.539.

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Gestational surrogacy is the practice that takes place when a woman becomes pregnant with a foetus with which she is not genetically related, and the eggs used to produce it come from a donor or the contracting mother, to whom the baby will be handed over after the birth. The woman acting as surrogate may be contracted commercially and remunerated for her service, or the surrogacy may be altruistic, a circumstance that arises when, generally, a member of the family or friend selflessly volunteers. The ethical debate lies in which should prevail: the hypothetical right of the parents to have a
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Kao, Grace Y. "Toward A Feminist Christian Vision of Gestational Surrogacy." Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 39, no. 1 (2019): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jsce20194228.

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Although increasing in usage, surrogacy remains the most controversial method of assisted reproductive technology. Many Christian ethicists have either objected tout court or expressed strong reservations about the practice. Behind much of this caution, however, lies essentialist assumptions about pregnant women or an overemphasis on the statistical minority of well-publicized disasters. The question remains whether Christian ethical reflection on surrogacy might change if informed by social scientific studies on the surrogacy triad (i.e., surrogates, surrogate-born children, and intended pare
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Siluyanova, I. V. "Ethical context of legally regulated surrogate and genetic motherhood in Russia." Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction 15, no. 3 (2021): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.210.

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Aim: to assess the compliance of legal norms regulating surrogate motherhood and moral concepts about motherhood and childhood in society.Materials and Methods. The Articles 55 (clause 9) of the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation", the principles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and traditional moral concepts common in society of the Russian Federation underwent a comparative analysis.Results. Discrepancies between moral and legal norms were revealed in 3 issues. Issue 1 is related to the rights for surrogacy of unmarried p
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Feldman, Eric A. "Baby M Turns 30: The Law and Policy of Surrogate Motherhood." American Journal of Law & Medicine 44, no. 1 (2018): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858818763811.

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This article marks the 30th anniversary of the Supreme Court of New Jersey's Baby M decision by offering a critical analysis of surrogacy policy in the United States. Despite fundamental changes in both science and society since the case was decided, state courts and legislatures remain bitterly divided on the legality of surrogacy. In arguing for a more uniform, permissive legal posture toward surrogacy, the article addresses five central debates in the surrogacy literature.First, should the legal system accommodate those seeking conception through surrogacy, or should it prohibit such arrang
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Weltstein, Robert M. "Surrogate parenting contracts." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 163, no. 2 (1990): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(90)91226-3.

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Petkau, J., SC Reingold, U. Held, et al. "Magnetic resonance imaging as a surrogate outcome for multiple sclerosis relapses." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 14, no. 6 (2008): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458507088104.

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Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lesions in the brain may be the best current candidate for a surrogate biological marker of clinical outcomes in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), based on its role as an objective indicator of disease pathology. No biological surrogate marker has yet been validated for MS clinical outcomes. Objective The objective of this study was to use a multi-phased study to determine if a valid surrogate relationship could be demonstrated between counts of contrast enhancing lesions (CELs) and occurrence of relapses in MS. Methods We examined corr
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Field, Martha A. "The Case against Enforcement of Surrogacy Contracts." Politics and the Life Sciences 8, no. 2 (1990): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400009746.

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Pramanick, Amrita, and Swapnendu Banerjee. "Optimal Organization of Surrogacy Contracts and Underinvestment." Journal of Quantitative Economics 14, no. 2 (2016): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40953-016-0035-6.

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Drabiak-Syed, Katherine. "Currents in Contemporary Bioethics." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, no. 3 (2011): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00622.x.

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Recently, an agonizing twist intersecting predictive genetic tests and surrogacy contracts made news headlines in Canada. The intended parents, a couple from British Columbia, instructed the surrogate mother with whom they were working to undergo First Trimester Screening and Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS), which revealed the fetus likely had Down syndrome. The parents directed the surrogate to terminate the fetus or they would abdicate their parental claim upon birth. This story raised numerous legal and ethical questions relating to the transferability of decision making for prenatal screeni
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