Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surrogate experiments'
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Weise, Peter Carl. "Mission-Integrated Synthesis/Design Optimization of Aerospace Subsystems under Transient Conditions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76855.
Master of Science
Boopathy, Komahan. "Uncertainty Quantification and Optimization Under Uncertainty Using Surrogate Models." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1398302731.
Bilicz, Sandor. "Application of Design-of-Experiment Methods and Surrogate Models in Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601753.
Friedman, Alex Matthew. "An Approach to Incorporate Additive Manufacturing and Rapid Prototype Testing for Aircraft Conceptual Design to Improve MDO Effectiveness." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73656.
Master of Science
Qian, Zhiguang. "Computer experiments [electronic resource] : design, modeling and integration /." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11480.
Nixon, Janel Nicole. "A Systematic Process for Adaptive Concept Exploration." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13952.
Thomas, George L. "Biogeography-Based Optimization of a Variable Camshaft Timing System." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1419775790.
Zhang, Boya. "Computer Experimental Design for Gaussian Process Surrogates." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99886.
Doctor of Philosophy
With a rapid development of computing power, computer experiments have gained popularity in various scientific fields, like cosmology, ecology and engineering. However, some computer experiments for complex processes are still computationally demanding. Thus, a statistical model built upon input-output observations, i.e., a so-called surrogate model or emulator, is needed as a fast substitute for the simulator. Design of experiments, i.e., how to select samples from the input space under budget constraints, is also worth studying. This dissertation focuses on the design problem under Gaussian process (GP) surrogates. The first work demonstrates empirically that commonly-used space-filling designs disappoint when the model hyperparameterization is unknown, and must be estimated from data observed at the chosen design sites. Thereafter, a new family of distance-based designs are proposed and their superior performance is illustrated in both static (design points are allocated at one shot) and sequential settings (data are sampled sequentially). The second contribution is motivated by a stochastic computer simulator of delta smelt conservation. This simulator is developed to assist in a study of delta smelt life cycles and to understand sensitivities to myriad natural variables and human interventions. However, the input space is high-dimensional, running the simulator is time-consuming, and its outputs change nonlinearly in both mean and variance. An innovative batch sequential design method is proposed, generalizing one-at-a-time sequential design to one-batch-at-a-time scheme with the goal of parallel computing. The criterion for subsequent data acquisition is carefully engineered to favor selection of replicates which boost statistical and computational efficiencies. The design performance is illustrated on a range of toy examples before embarking on a smelt simulation campaign and downstream input sensitivity analysis.
Feng, Chunyao Seaman John Weldon. "Bayesian evaluation of surrogate endpoints." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4187.
Ormandy, Shannon L. "An Experimental Demonstration of the Surrogate Conditioned Motivating Operation." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10750075.
The present study attempted to establish a flashing or solid red light as a surrogate conditioned motivating operation (CMO-S) by pairing the light with the unconditioned motivating operation (UMO) of heat. The effects of the red light were assessed by an ABAB reversal design for three participants and an ABA reversal design for one participant. Baseline sessions consisted of presenting the red light in the absence of the UMO of heat to assess for any behavioral effects of the red light before and after pairing with the UMO of heat. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) was recorded for all participants as an indirect measure of sweating. Additional dependent variables and the ambient temperature for each participant’s UMO of heat were identified through a temperature and response assessment. The additional dependent variable was drinking water for Participants 2–4 and throat clearing for Participant 1. Results suggest that the flashing red light may have been conditioned as a CMO-S for Participants 2 and 3. Participant 4 did not consume any water during any baseline session, suggesting that the solid red light did not function as a CMO-S after pairing. Results for Participant 1 suggests that throat clearing was controlled by additional unknown variables and was not evoked by the UMO of heat. Results potentially supporting the CMO-S should be interpreted cautiously given study limitations involving temperature control and the extent that the UMO of heat was clearly demonstrated for each participant.
SZYMKOWICZ, PATRICK. "ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MULTI-COMPONENT SURROGATE DIESEL FUELS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90406.
El combustible diésel está compuesto por cientos de hidrocarburos cuya presencia y proporción varía dependiendo del origen del crudo, del proceso de refinado, de los requerimientos legislativos, y de muchos otros factores. Para evitar las dificultades que produce esta variabilidad y complejidad en su composición, en los estudios sistemáticos, los investigadores suelen trabajar con combustibles de sustitución, mucho más sencillos, pero que reproducen las propiedades químicas y físicas del gasóleo. Los primeros combustibles de sustitución estuvieron formados por un solo componente, como el n-heptano y el n-dodecano. Recientemente se han desarrollado combustibles de sustitución multi-componentes, que se aplican tanto a estudios experimentales como de modelado. La aplicación sistemática de combustibles de sustitución controlados con precisión es una vía prometedora para mejorar la comprensión de la combustión Diesel, su eficiencia, y sus emisiones y proporciona herramientas para la investigación de sistemas de combustión nuevos y alternativos. En esta tesis se han empleado métodos experimentales y de cálculo para desarrollar, estudiar y validar una librería de combustibles de sustitución multi-componentes. El primer combustible de sustitución se diseñó para reproducir con precisión las propiedades físicas y químicas de un gasóleo con número de cetano 50 y un índice de hollín umbral (TSI) de 31.El siguiente paso fue crear una biblioteca de combustibles de sustitución con 18 combustibles que pueden modificar independientemente dos propiedades clave del combustible: índice de cetano y TSI. En la biblioteca de combustibles el número de cetano osciló entre 35 y 60 con tres niveles de TSI iguales a 17, 31 y 48 (bajo, medio y alto rango). Los ensayos según la normativa ASTM demostraron una buena coincidencia con las propiedades del gasóleo como densidad, viscosidad, poder calorífico y curvas de destilación. Para comprobar la validez de la librería, se realizó un estudio experimental comparativo sobre el proceso de combustión, las emisiones gaseosas, hollín y partículas de un gasóleo y de su combustible de sustitución ajustado. El estudio se realizó con un motor monocilíndrico Diesel completamente instrumentado y operando con estrategias de combustión en premezcla parcial (PPCI) y de baja temperatura (LTC), además de la combustión Diesel convencional (CDC). Los parámetros de la combustión como el retraso al encendido y la liberación de calor tanto de baja como de alta temperatura se aproximaron muy bien. Las emisiones de gases, hollín y partículas también fueron similares al variar el nivel de EGR y la fase de la combustión. La tesis demuestra que se pueden encontrar combustibles de sustitución perfectamente representativos de un gasóleo corriente, en base a mezclas apropiadas de n-hexadecano, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonano, decahidronaftaleno y 1-metilnaftaleno. Asimismo, se concluye que variando la proporción de estos cuatro componentes se puede controlar independientemente el número de cetano y el índice de hollín umbral, a la vez que se mantienen las propiedades físico-químicas y de combustión del gasóleo. La librería de combustibles de sustitución definida en esta tesis es una herramienta a disposición de los investigadores para profundizar en el conocimiento de la combustión diésel y avanzar en el diseño de sistemas futuros de combustión con mejor rendimiento y menores emisiones.
El combustible Diesel està compost per centenars d'hidrocarburs, la presència i proporció dels quals varia depenent de l'origen del cru, del procés de refinat, dels requeriments legislatius, i de molts altres factors. Per a evitar les dificultats que produeix aquesta variabilitat i complexitat en la seua composició, en els estudis sistemàtics, els investigadors solen treballar amb combustibles de substitució, molt més senzills, però que reprodueixen les propietats químiques i físiques del gasoil. Els primers combustibles de substitució van estar formats per un sol component, com el n-heptà i el n-dodecà. Recentment s'han desenvolupat combustibles de substitució multi-components, que s'apliquen tant a estudis experimentals com de modelatge. L'aplicació sistemàtica de combustibles de substitució controlats amb precisió és una via prometedora per a millorar la comprensió de la combustió Dièsel, la seua eficiència, i les seues emissions i proporciona eines per a la recerca de sistemes de combustió nous i alternatius. En aquesta tesi s'han emprat mètodes experimentals i de càlcul per a desenvolupar, estudiar i validar una llibreria de combustibles de substitució multi-components. El primer combustible de substitució es va dissenyar per a reproduir amb precisió les propietats físiques i químiques d'un gasoil amb índex de cetà 50 i un índex de sutge límit (TSI) de 31. El següent pas va ser crear una biblioteca de combustibles de substitució amb 18 combustibles que poden modificar independentment dues propietats clau del combustible: índex de cetà i TSI. En la biblioteca de combustibles l'índex de cetá va oscil·lar entre 35 i 60 amb tres nivells de TSI iguals a 17, 31 i 48 (baix, mitjà i alt rang). Els assajos segons la normativa ASTM van demostrar una bona coincidència amb les propietats del gasoil com a densitat, viscositat, poder calorífic i corbes de destil·lació. Per a comprovar la validesa de la llibreria, es va realitzar un estudi experimental comparatiu sobre el procés de combustió, les emissions gasoses, sutge i partícules d'un gasoil i del seu combustible de substitució ajustat. L'estudi es va realitzar amb un motor monocilíndric Dièsel completament instrumentat i operant amb estratègies de combustió en premescla parcial (PPCI) i de baixa temperatura (LTC), a més de la combustió Dièsel convencional (CDC). Els paràmetres de la combustió com el retard a l'encès i l'alliberament de calor tant de baixa com d'alta temperatura es van aproximar molt bé. Les emissions de gasos, sutge i partícules també van ser similars en variar el nivell d'EGR i la fase de la combustió. La tesi demostra que es poden trobar combustibles de substitució perfectament representatius d'un gasoil corrent, sobre la base de mescles apropiades de n-hexadecà, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonà, decahidronaftalé i 1-metilnaftaleno. Així mateix, es conclou que variant la proporció d'aquests quatre components es pot controlar independentment l'índex de cetà i l'índex de sutge límit, alhora que es mantenen les propietats físic-químiques i de combustió del gasoil. La llibreria de combustibles de substitució definida en aquesta tesi és una eina a la disposició dels investigadors per a aprofundir en el coneixement de la combustió Diesel i avançar en el disseny de sistemes futurs de combustió amb millor rendiment i menors emissions.
Szymkowicz, P. (2017). ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MULTI-COMPONENT SURROGATE DIESEL FUELS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90406
TESIS
Deshpande, Shubhangi. "Data Driven Surrogate Based Optimization in the Problem Solving Environment WBCSim." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35901.
Master of Science
Namysl, Sylvain. "Experimental study of the formation of pollutants during the combustion of bio-oil surrogate molecules." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0279.
In 2016, fossil fuels represented about 80% of the world total primary energy supply. However, this resource is limited and has a huge impact on the environment pollution because of the production of greenhouse gases. In order to drastically reduce greenhouse gases emissions, a focus on biofuels, and especially bio-oils, is made in the industrial world and for transportation. The IMPROOF project is funded by the European Union under the SPIRE framework. Its objective is to improve the energy efficiency in the case of steam cracking furnaces by 20% and in parallel to decrease by 25% per ton of ethylene the emission of pollutants like NOx or greenhouse gases. This PhD is focused on the part concerning the use of alternative fuels and especially bio-oils for the heating of the steam cracking furnaces. To better assess bio-oil oxidation or pyrolysis, a bibliographical review about the publications dealing with the composition of bio-oils have been performed. From this review, it comes out that bio-oils could be described as a mixture composed of six main types of chemical compounds: alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, furans and derivatives, oxygenated aromatic compounds and nitrogen organic compounds. In order to complete some detected lack in the literature, the aim of this thesis was to produce a new experimental dataset for molecules owning to the five first chemical families previously presented. A jet-stirred reactor was chosen to perform the experiments, due to its homogeneity in concentration and composition. This kind of “ideal” reactor is indeed convenient for the development of reliable data for the development and validation of kinetic models. During this work, eight fuels were selected and studied: n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-butanal, n-pentanal, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, furan and benzaldehyde. For each fuel, the experimental results were used to develop and validate a kinetic model. Those models were afterward used to study the decomposition pathways of the studied species
Baudoui, Vincent. "Optimisation robuste multiobjectifs par modèles de substitution." Phd thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742023.
Tzortzopoulos, Georgios. "Controlling earthQuakes (CoQuake) in the laboratory using pertinent fault stimulating techniques." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03670423.
Anthropogenic seismicity has been increased since the last decades due to the intense human activity for energy production. However, despite the fact that merely injection of fluids can induce/trigger earthquakes, in this thesis, we show that the strategic interplay between fluid extractions and injections can control such seismic events and eventually prevent them. More specifically, a novel mathematical framework of robust earthquake control is built which in turn is exploited in numerical simulations of strike-slip faults and gas reservoirs, as well as in new laboratory experiments of decimetric scale. First, the key parameters which constitute a conventional earthquake mitigation strategy are identified. Surrogate experiments on absorbent porous paper show that without the precise knowledge of the fault properties, fluid injections risk to nucleate faster a large seismic event. In order to tackle such uncertainties, rigorous mathematical tools are developed using modern control theory. These tools require minimal information of fault’s properties and frictional characteristics to assure robustness. Numerical simulations on strike-slip faults verify that earthquake prevention is possible, even in the presence of diffusion processes and the absence of sufficient measurements both in time and space. Going a step further, the developed control techniques can also be applied in large gas reservoirs, where the desired gas production can be achieved assuring acceptable seismicity levels. Finally, during this thesis, a novel triplet apparatus of decimetric scale has been designed, constructed and calibrated accordingly. Pressure control can be achieved, in this machine, in real-time, through a fast response electro-pneumatic pressure regulator. As a proof of concept, the developed controller is plugged in this apparatus and by using sand-based 3D-printed specimens (to promote experimental repeatability), we manage, for the first time, to prevent laboratory earthquakes and drive the system aseismically to an equilibrium point of lower energy
Sabbah, Safaa. "A standard approach to assessing disinfection of environmental surfaces: Experiments using a mixture of surrogates for bioagents." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28068.
Bucciotti, Andrea. "Numerical and experimental investigation of turbulent dissipation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6984/.
Huang, Deng. "Experimental planning and sequential kriging optimization using variable fidelity data." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110297243.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 120 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-120). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Mahmoodi, Majid. "Search for Surrogate Marker(s) of Immunity Following Vaccination with Experimental Vaccine (Autoclaved Leishmania Major + Bacille Calmette-Guérin) in Human Volunteers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935616/.
Costa, Bruno César de Pinho. "Estudos exploratórios sobre operações motivadoras condicionadas substitutas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16882.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study sought to: (1) propose a device to the experimental analysis of behavior, (2) present the results of two studies conducted during the testing of equipment, (3) present the first experimental results obtained from monitoring the daily activities of the experimental subject in such equipment and (4) report two experiments in which they attempted to demonstrate empirically the establishment of different surrogate conditioned motivating operations. First, the equipment (Caixa Geradora e Monitora de Cotidiano, CGMC) was presented. During testing of the equipment, two studies were conducted. The first on the effects of light on the daily activities of the experimental subject, the results produced indicated the need for adjustments to equipment, in particular concerning the type and intensity of light used for establishing the cycles of light / dark. The second study occurred during the tests CGMC allowed us to analyze the effects of water restriction (imposed accidentally) of approximately five days on the daily activities of the experimental subject. The results indicate changes in the distribution of the daily activities of the experimental subjects, even those not necessarily related to obtaining water. Once the testing phase of the equipment was finished, a study was conducted in order to monitor the daily activities of the experimental subjects, over the days. The results point to the existence of patterns in the flow behavior that can be modified by various types of variables, such as the cycle of light and dark used, water restrictions and changes in schedules of reinforcement. Finally, two experiments were performed in order to demonstrate empirically the formation of two surrogate conditioned motivating operations. The results point to the failure to establish surrogate conditioned motivating operations
O presente trabalho pretendeu: (1) apresentar uma proposta de equipamento para a análise do comportamento, (2) apresentar os resultados de dois estudos realizados durante os testes do equipamento, (3) apresentar os primeiros resultados experimentais obtidos a partir do monitoramento das atividades diárias do sujeito experimental neste tipo equipamento e (4) relatar dois experimentos nos quais se tentou demonstrar empiricamente o estabelecimento de diferentes operações motivadoras condicionadas substituas. Primeiramente, o equipamento (Caixa Geradora e Monitora de Cotidiano, CGMC) foi apresentado. Durante os testes do equipamento, dois estudos foram realizados. O primeiro sobre os efeitos das luzes sobre as atividades diárias do sujeito experimental; os resultados produzidos indicaram a necessidade de ajustes no equipamento, em especial com relação ao tipo e intensidade da luz utilizada para estabelecer os ciclos de claro/escuro. O segundo estudo ocorrido durante os testes da CGMC permitiu analisar os efeitos de uma restrição hídrica (acidentalmente imposta) de aproximadamente cinco dias de duração sobre as atividades diárias do sujeito experimental. Os resultados apontam para mudanças na distribuição das atividades diárias do sujeito experimental, mesmo daquelas não necessariamente relacionadas com a obtenção de água. Concluída a fase de testes do equipamento, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo monitorar as atividades diárias do sujeito experimental, ao longo dos dias. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a existência de padrões no fluxo comportamental que podem ser modificados por diversos tipos de variáveis, como o ciclo de claro-escuro utilizado, restrições hídricas e mudanças nos esquemas de reforçamento. Por fim, dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de se demonstrar empiricamente a formação de duas operações motivadoras condicionas substitutas. Os resultados apontam para o não estabelecimento das operações motivadoras condicionadas substitutas
Pereira, Mateus Brasileiro Reis. "Operação estabelecedora condicionada substituta: uma demonstração experimental." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16831.
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Establishing operations (EO`s) are environmental events defined by two of their effects: establishing the effect of a consequence as a reinforcement or a punisher and altering the frequency of any response that, in the past, was related to it. The EO`s are divided in unconditioned and conditioned, being the last ones classified in three different types: surrogate CEO, reflexive CEO, transitive CEO. A lot has recently been published about the importance of establishing operations to Applied Behavior Analysis. However, there is little basic research in the field, especially concerning the surrogate CEO. This work had the objective of demonstrating this EO empirically. For this purpose, experiments were conducted using 8 male Wistar rats, a standard equipment (living cages and experimental box) and a mechanism with seven light spots that would supposedly function as the surrogate CEO. The experimental design involved five phases: (1) determining the subjects` free feeding weight; (2) reducing the amount of food the subjects could eat per day until they would remain at about 80% to 85% of their free feeding weight, concomitantly with the procedure to establish the surrogate CEO; (3) shaping the bar press response and implementing the VI 60 s schedule; (4) exposing the subjects to three different deprivation conditions (named minimum, moderate and maximum); (5) testing the surrogate CEO with the six subjects that had completed phase 4. The main results obtained were: a) in relation to the exposure of the subjects to the three different deprivation conditions, the subjects` weights and number of responses emitted per session were affected by them. In general, along the minimum deprivation condition, higher weights and lower number of responses per session were obtained, in comparison with the other conditions; whereas along the maximum deprivation condition, lower weights and higher number of responses were emitted; finally, along the moderate deprivation condition, intermediate results between the two other conditions were obtained; b) in relation to the surrogate CEO tests, data suggest that, at least for four of the six subjects, the mechanism showed (in some of the configurations used in the experimental sessions) effects of a surrogate conditioned establishing operation, which are more visible in lower deprivation conditions (the minimum and moderation conditions)
As operações estabelecedoras (OE´s) são eventos ambientais definidas por dois de seus efeitos: elas estabelecem a eficácia reforçadora/punidora de uma conseqüência e alteram a freqüência de qualquer resposta que, no passado, esteve relacionada a ela. As OE´s são divididas em incondicionadas e condicionadas, sendo que as últimas são classificadas em três tipos diferentes: OEC substituta, OEC reflexiva, OEC transitiva. Muito se tem publicado recentemente sobre a importância das operações estabelecedoras para a análise aplicada do comportamento. Entretanto, existe uma escassez de pesquisas básicas na área, especialmente sobre OEC substituta. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, realizar uma demonstração empírica deste tipo de OE. Para tanto foram realizados experimentos com 8 ratos machos da raça Wistar, utilizando-se equipamento padrão (caixas-viveiro e caixa experimental) e um mecanismo com sete pontos luminosos que deveria, supostamente, funcionar como a OEC substituta. O delineamento experimental envolveu cinco fases: (1) determinação do peso ad lib dos sujeitos; (2) redução da quantidade diária de alimento até que os sujeitos tivessem atingido de 80% a 85% de seu peso ad lib, concomitantemente com o procedimento para estabelecer a OEC substituta; (3) modelagem da resposta de pressão à barra e implementação de esquema VI 60 s; (4) exposição dos sujeitos a três diferentes condições de privação (chamadas de mínima, moderada e máxima); (5) testes da OEC substituta com os seis sujeitos que terminaram a fase 4. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: a) com relação à exposição dos sujeitos às três diferentes condições de privação, verificou-se os efeitos produzidos por elas sobre o peso dos sujeitos e o número de respostas emitidas por sessão, sendo que, de uma maneira geral, observou-se, na condição de privação mínima, pesos maiores e um menor número de respostas por sessão do que nas outras duas condições, na condição de privação máxima, pesos menores e um maior número de respostas emitidas e, na condição de privação moderada, resultados intermediários entre os das outras duas condições; b) com relação aos testes da OEC substituta, os dados sugerem que, para pelo menos quatro dos seis sujeitos, o mecanismo luminoso apresentou (em algumas das configurações de luzes utilizadas nas sessões experimentais) efeitos de uma operação estabelecedora condicionada substituta, e que estes efeitos são mais visíveis em condições de privação mais amenas (condições mínima e moderada)
Costa, Bruno César de Pinho. "Estudos experimentais sobre operações motivadoras condicionadas substitutas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16759.
This work consists of three chapters. In the firt chapter, the reader will be introduced to the experimental condition where the following described experiments were performed. This condition consists of the following equipment/tools: (a) a box where multiple operant responses can be recorded continuously and completely over 24 hr per day (b) the ability to monitor and control experiments remotely and (c ) a device capable of recording in Excel spreadsheet data about the temperature and the relative humidity of the air. The chapter concludes with some suggestions for areas of research in this experimental condition could be used. In Chapter 2 describes an experiment in which a set of daily activities of the expeirmental subject was recorded 24 hr per day while it lived in the experimental conditions described in Chapter 1. The activities recorded in this experiment were: (a) number of pressures to water and food bars, (b) the number of times that the subject entered the nest, (c) number of interactions with the wooden disc and (d) number of turns in the activity wheel. The pressure responses to the bars were reinforced according to a continuous schedule of reinforcement. This experiment was approximately 91 days long. The effects from an accidental deprivation of food, the effects of the light-dark cycle, the temerature and air humidity on the activities of the subject where analysed. Furthermore, peroxides greater stability in daily activities were also discussed. Chapter 3 will describe two experiments in order to verify that sound stimuli could acquire the functions of a substitute conditioned motivating operation (OMC-S). The rat lived 24 hr a day in the experimental condition described in Chapter 1. It was believed that conducting the experiments in these conditions it would be possible to evaluate any additional effects of S-CMO, not only on pressure responses to water bar, but also on other registered activities (the same of Chapter 2). However, these additional effects could not be investigated because the sound stimuli did not acquired the functions of an S-CMO in the two experiments
Este trabalho é composto por três capítulos. No primero capítulo, o leitor será apresentado à condição experimental em que os experimentos descritos a seguir foram realizados. Esta condição é composta pelos seguintes equipamentos/ferramentas: (a) uma caixa onde múltiplas respostas operantes podem ser registradas de forma contínua e completa ao longo de 24 hr por dia, (b) a possibilidade de monitorar e controlar os experimentos remotamente e (c) um dispositivo capaz de registrar em planilhas de Excel os dados referentes à temperatura e à umidade relativa do ar do ambiente. O capítulo é encerrado com algumas sugestões de áreas de pesquisa em que esta condição experimental poderia ser utilizada. No Capítulo 2, é descrito um experimento no qual um conjunto de atividades diárias do sujeito expeirmental foi registrada 24 hr por dia enquanto o sujeito vivia nas condições experimentais descritas no Capítulo 1. As atividades registradas neste experimento foram: (a) número de respostas de pressão às barras de água e alimento, (b) número de vezes em que o sujeito entrava no ninho, (c) número de interações com o disco de madeira e (d) número de voltas na roda de atividades. As respostas de pressão às barras eram reforçadas de acordo com um esquema de reforçamento contínuo. Este experimento teve aproximadamente 91 dias de duração. Foram analisados os efeitos de uma privação acidental de alimento, do ciclo de claroescuro, da temeratura e da humidade relativa do ar sobre as atividades do sujeito. Além disso, os perídos de maior estabilidade nas atividades diárias também foram discutidos. No Capítulo 3 serão descritos dois experimentos com o objetivo de verificar se estímulos sonoros poderiam adquirir as funções de uma operação motivadora condicionada substituta (OMC-S). O sujeito vivia 24 hr por dia na condição experimental descrita no Capítulo 1. Acreditava-se que realizando os experimentos nessas condições seria possível avaliar eventuais efeitos adicionais da OMC-S, não apenas sobre as respostas de pressão à barra de água, mas também sobre as demais atividades registradas (as mesmas do Capítulo 2). Entretanto, esses efeitos adicionais não puderam ser investigados, tendo em vista que os estímulos sonoros não adquiriram as funções de uma OMC-S nos dois experimentos realizados
Ba, Shan. "Multi-layer designs and composite gaussian process models with engineering applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44751.
Viera, Sotillo Juan Pablo. "Experimental study of the effect of nozzle geometry on the performance of direct-injection diesel sprays for three different fuels." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/81857.
En esta tesis se estudia la influencia del flujo interno sobre un amplio espectro de condiciones y diagnósticos experimentales. Se realizaron experimentos para dos geometrías de tobera---toberas cilíndrica y cónica de un único orificio---y tres combustibles. Dos de los combustibles son puros---n-heptano y n-dodecano--- mientras el tercero es un combustible sustituto que consiste en una mezcla de tres componentes que busca representar mejor las propiedades físicas y químicas del diesel. Las medidas incluyen una caracterización hidráulica completa, compuesta por tasa de inyección y cantidad de movimiento instantáneas; una visualización de alta velocidad del chorro líquido isotermo; una visualización de alta velocidad del chorro inerte evaporativo, con captura simultánea de las fases líquida y vapor y, finalmente, una visualización del chorro reactivo a alta temperatura, con captura de la fase vapor y la quimioluminiscencia del radical OH* para cada evento de inyección. Todos los diagnósticos en condiciones de alta temperatura fueron realizados en una maqueta de alta presión y temperatura de flujo constante que permite controlar con precisión un rango amplio de condiciones termodinámicas (hasta 1000 K y 15 MPa). Los resultados experimentales y la gran base de datos obtenida en este trabajo (disponible en: http://www.cmt.upv.es/DD01.aspx), podrían ser utilizados para validar modelos CFD detallados que podrían ayudar a la comunidad científica a entender mejor los mecanismos fundamentales que producen los resultados observados.
Aquesta tesi estudia la influència del flux intern sobre un gran espectre de condicions i diagnòstics experimentals. Es van realitzar experiments per a dos geometries de tovera---toveres ci¿líndrica i cónica amb un únic orifici---i tres combustibles. Dos dels combustibles són purs---n-heptà i n-dodecà--- mentre el tercer combustible consisteix en una mescla de tres components que formen un combustible substitut que busca representar millor les propietats físiques i químiques del dièsel. Les mesures inclouen una caracterització hidràulica completa, composta per taxa d'injecció i quantitat de moviment instantanis; visualització d'alta velocitat del doll líquid isoterme; visualització d'alta velocitat del doll inert evaporatiu, capturant simultàniament les fases líquid i vapor i, finalment, una visualització del doll reactiu a alta temperatura, capturant la fase vapor i la quimioluminiscència del radical OH per a cada esdeveniment d'injecció. Tots els diagnòstics en condicions d'alta temperatura van ser realitzats en una insta¿lació d'alta pressió i temperatura amb flux constant que permet controlar amb precisió un ampli rang de condicions termodinàmiques (fins a 1000 K i 15 MPa). Els resultats experimentals i la gran base de dades obtinguda en aquest treball (disponible a la web en: http://www.cmt.upv.es/dd01.aspx), podrien ser utilitzats per tal de validar models CFD detallats que podrien ajudar a la comunitat científica a entendre millor els mecanismes fonamentals que produeixen aquestes observacions.
Viera Sotillo, JP. (2017). Experimental study of the effect of nozzle geometry on the performance of direct-injection diesel sprays for three different fuels [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/81857
TESIS
Ferrer, Font Laura. "Tuning response to therapy in preclinical GL261 glioblastoma through CK2 targeting and temozolomide metronomic approaches: non-invasive assessment with MRI and MRSI-based molecular imaging strategies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402400.
Work described in this thesis deals with the treatment of GL261 preclinical glioblastoma (GBM) growing in C57BL/6 mice, as well as with the non-invasive assessment of response to therapy using magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. The GL261 GBM is an immunocompetent model induced by stereotactic injection of GL261 cells into the striatum of C57BL/6 WT mice. Three different therapeutic agents have been tested in this model: CX-4945®, a protein kinase II (CK2) inhibitor, and two oral alkylating agents commonly used in the clinic for GBM treatment, temozolomide (TMZ) and cyclophosphamide (CPA). CK2 has been described as a potential suitable target for cancer treatment because it contributes to tumour development, proliferation, and apoptosis suppression in cancer. In addition, elevated CK2 expression levels have been demonstrated in several cancer types. Nevertheless, CX-4945, which already reached phase I/II clinical trials, did not produce the expected beneficial effect described by others when applied to our GL261 GBM model. Moreover, the GL261 GBM treatment with 3 TMZ cycles had been already described by our group with significant survival improvement. Nevertheless, the combined therapy 3 cycle-TMZ+CX-4945, unexpectedly, reverted the beneficial effect of TMZ, which suggested an interference with the immune cycle related with cancer development and treatment. This lead us to consider the use of a metronomic schedule (administration of low and equally spaced doses of drugs without long rest periods in between) described with promising results in the literature. CPA, TMZ and CX-4945 were assessed in a 6-day schedule metronomic schedule at different doses. Among the different strategies evaluated, best results were obtained with the combined metronomic administration, every 6 days, of TMZ and CX-4945 drugs, showing significant improved survival. This also pointed to the probable paticipation of the host mice immune system in therapy response, although further histopathological studies will be needed to fully confirm this hypothesis. Additional interesting findings were: firstly, a clear peritumoral brain edema appearance during certain stages of chemotherapeutic treatment. Secondly, that the non-invasive method for therapy response assessment based in semi-supervised source analysis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging (MRSI) data, previously developed in our group with TMZ-treated mice, also proved useful for detecting CPA-induced response in our preclinical model. This would suggest that a common “metabolomics responding pattern” can be observed under different therapeutic strategies. And thirdly, the necropsy findings in mice cured from GL261 GBM after high TMZ cumulative dosage (480-1400 mg/Kg), which presented relevant lymphoma incidence, suggesting that strategies to decrease the administered dose should be investigated to avoid harmful effects in mice treated with alkylating agents.
Boutoux, Guillaume. "Sections efficaces neutroniques via la méthode de substitution." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654677.
Berenguer, Verdú Antonio José. "Analysis and design of efficient passive components for the millimeter-wave and THz bands." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84004.
Esta tesis aborda problemas actuales en el análisis y diseño de componentes pasivos en las bandas de onda milimétrica y Terahercios (THz). Se presentan nuevas técnicas de análisis y modelado de estructuras complejas, procedimientos de diseño, e implementación práctica de dispositivos pasivos avanzados. La primera parte de la tesis se dedica a componentes pasivos de THz. Actualmente no se disponen de guías de onda adecuadas a THz debido a que ambos, metales y dieléctricos, introducen grandes pérdidas. En consecuencia, no es adecuado escalar las estructuras metálicas cerradas usadas en microondas, ni las guías dieléctricas usadas a frecuencias ópticas. Entre un gran número de recientes propuestas, la Single Wire Waveguide (SWW) destaca por su baja atenuación y casi nula dispersión. No obstante, como guía superficial, la SWW presenta difícil excitación y radiación en curvas. El uso de un recubrimiento dieléctrico, creando la Dielecric-Coated Single Wire Waveguide (DCSWW), alivia estos inconvenientes, pero las ventajas anteriores se pierden y nuevos problemas aparecen. Hasta la fecha, no se han encontrado soluciones adecuadas para la radiación en curvas de la SWW. Además, se echa en falta una caracterización rigurosa de ambas guías. Esta tesis presenta, por primera vez, un análisis modal completo de SWW y DCSWW, adecuado a la banda de THz. Este análisis es aplicado posteriormente para evitar el problema de la radiación en curvas. Se presentan y validan experimentalmente diversas estructuras y procedimientos de diseño. La segunda parte de la tesis abarca componentes pasivos de ondas milimétricas. Actualmente, estos componentes sufren una importante degradación de su respuesta debido a que resulta difícil asegurar contacto metálico y alineamiento adecuados para la operación a longitudes de onda tan pequeñas. Además, la absorción dieléctrica incrementa notablemente a estas frecuencias. En consecuencia, tanto guías metálicas huecas como líneas de transmisión planares convencionales presentan gran atenuación, siendo necesario considerar topologías alternativas. Las Gap Waveguides (GWs), basadas en una estructura periódica que introduce un efecto de Electromagnetic Bandgap, resultan muy adecuadas puesto que no requieren contacto entre partes metálicas y evitan las pérdidas en dieléctricos. No obstante, a pesar del potencial de las GWs, varias barreras impiden la consolidación y uso universal de esta tecnología. Por una parte, la compleja topología de las GWs dificulta el proceso de diseño dado que las simulaciones de onda completa consumen mucho tiempo y no existen actualmente métodos de análisis y diseño apropiados. Por otra parte, es necesario evidenciar el beneficio de usar GWs mediante dispositivos GW de altas prestaciones y comparativas adecuadas con estructuras convencionales. Esta tesis presenta diversos métodos de análisis eficientes, modelos, y técnicas de diseño que permitirán la síntesis de dispositivos GW sin necesidad de un conocimiento profundo de esta tecnología. Asimismo, se presentan varios filtros de banda estrecha operando en las bandas Ka y V con altas prestaciones, así como una comparativa rigurosa con la guía rectangular.
Aquesta tesi aborda problemes actuals en relació a l'anàlisi i disseny de components passius en les bandes d'ona mil·limètrica i Terahercis. Es presenten noves tècniques d'anàlisi i modelatge d'estructures complexes, procediments de disseny, i implementació pràctica de dispositius passius avançats. La primera part de la tesi es focalitza en components passius de THz. Actualment no es disposen de guies d'ona adequades a THz causa que tots dos, metalls i dielèctrics, introdueixen grans pèrdues. En conseqüència, no és adequat escalar les estructures metál·liques tancades usades en microones, ni les guies dielèctriques usades a freqüències òptiques. Entre un gran nombre de propostes recents, la Single Wire Waveguide (SWW) destaca per la seua baixa atenuació i quasi nul·la dispersió. No obstant això, com a guia superficial, la SWW presenta difícil excitació i radiació en corbes. L'ús d'un recobriment dielèctric, creant la Dielecric-Coated Single Wire Waveguide (DCSWW), alleuja aquests inconvenients, però els avantatges anteriors es perden i nous problemes apareixen. Fins a la data, no s'han trobat solucions adequades per a la radiació en corbes de la SWW. A més, es troba a faltar una caracterització rigorosa d'ambdues guies. Aquesta tesi presenta, per primera vegada, un anàlisi modal complet de SWW i DCSWW, adequat a la banda de THz. Aquest anàlisi és aplicat posteriorment per evitar el problema de la radiació en corbes. Es presenten i validen experimentalment diverses estructures i procediments de disseny. La segona part de la tesi es centra en components passius d'ones mil·limètriques. Actualment, aquests components pateixen una important degradació de la seua resposta a causa de que resulta difícil assegurar contacte metàl·lic i alineament adequats per a l'operació a longituds d'ona tan menudes. A més, l'absorció dielèctrica incrementa notablement a aquestes freqüències. En conseqüència, tant guies metàl·liques buides com línies de transmissió planars convencionals presenten gran atenuació, sent necessari considerar topologies alternatives. Les Gap Waveguides (GWs), basades en una estructura periòdica que introdueix un efecte de Electromagnetic Bandgap, resulten molt adequades ja que no requereixen contacte entre parts metàl·liques i eviten les pèrdues en dielèctrics. No obstant, tot i el potencial de les GWs, diverses barreres impedixen la consolidació i ús universal d'aquesta tecnologia. D'una banda, la complexa topologia de les GWs dificulta el procés de disseny atés que les simulacions d'ona completa consumeixen molt de temps i no existeixen actualment mètodes d'anàlisi i disseny apropiats. D'altra banda, és necessari evidenciar el benefici d'utilitzar GWs mitjançant dispositius GW d'altes prestacions i comparatives adequades amb estructures convencionals. Aquesta tesi presenta diversos mètodes d'anàlisi eficients, models, i tècniques de disseny que permetran la síntesi de dispositius GW sense necessitat d'un coneixement profund d'aquesta tecnologia. Així mateix, es presenten diversos filtres de banda estreta operant en les bandes Ka i V amb altes prestacions, així com una comparativa rigorosa amb la guia rectangular.
Berenguer Verdú, AJ. (2017). Analysis and design of efficient passive components for the millimeter-wave and THz bands [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/84004
TESIS
Chen, Yi-ju, and 陳怡如. "Surrogate-Assisted Trajectory Based Methodology for Optimization Problems in Computer Experiments." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19394556207916361897.
國立高雄大學
統計學研究所
97
Trajectory-based methodology (TB), proposed by Chiang and Chu (1996), can be used to identified all local extremes of an objectivefunction. In trajectory-based methodology, we iterative to find alocal extreme by a gradient type method, and then to search a decomposition point as the next starting point. However, it might take too much cost in searching decomposition points, especially when the computational cost of function evaluation is very high. Here in order to save the computational cost, a surrogate-assisted method is proposed. The basically idea is to build an inexpensive surrogate surface in a neighborhood of an identified local extreme point, and then the decomposition point search is accomplished on this surrogate surface instead of the true response function. Several numerical experiments are used to demonstrate the performance of this new surrogate-assisted method.
Yin, Jichao. "A Hierarchical History Matching Method and its Applications." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10411.
Vogel, Adam P. "Speech as a surrogate marker of central nervous system function: practical, experimental and statistical considerations." 2010. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7682.
This thesis aimed to evaluate the practical, experimental and statistical requirements of speech assessment protocols designed to monitor patient performance over time. The research involved a number of studies evaluating methods for acquiring and analysing data, studies examining the stability and sensitivity of speech stimuli, and finally, the functionality of these findings in an experimental model known to induce change in CNS function (i.e., sustained wakefulness).
Methods for acquiring and analysing speech data were designed to provide a balance between the concurrent demands for precision and useability inherent in repeated assessment protocols. Data from these studies provided evidence that techniques offering high levels of useability (e.g., easy to use, automated) are capable of offering adequate precision on broad acoustic measures of timing and frequency. Moreover, these methods could be standardised and automated, allowing non-expert users to collect and analyse data in a controlled and time efficient manner. The second series of experiments systematically documented the stability and responsiveness of speech stimuli within a variety of experimental conditions. These studies were designed to establish the suitability of select speech measures for monitoring change in individuals over time, as stimuli that proved to be both stable (across several re-test intervals) and sensitive to change or impairment were ideal candidates. Finally, a proof of concept study designed to evaluate the efficiency and sensitivity of the proposed methodology was initiated in an experimental model known to induce changes in psychomotor functioning in healthy adults (sustained wakefulness). Significant changes from baseline were observed in speech production as a function of increasing levels of fatigue. These findings are important as they demonstrate the potential of speech as a valid, reliable and sensitive marker of change in conditions where the CNS is subject to stress.
Brewer, Alex J. "Addressing wastewater epidemiology limitations with the use of dynamic population surrogates, complementary urinalyses and in-situ experiments." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36017.
Graduation date: 2013
Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from Jan. 7, 2013 - Jan. 7, 2014
Hsu, I.-Ting, and 許益挺. "Uniform Experimental Design with Kriging Surrogate Modeling and Optimization to Improve Warpage and Ejection Time of an Injection Molded Plastic Wheel." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94000095812497587336.
正修科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
102
This study aims to improve the maximum warpage and ejection time of an injection molded plastic wheel. The methods applied in this study are the uniform design of experiments, mold flow analysis, Kriging surrogate modeling, compromise programming, and optimization. The process parameters to be improved are the 7 factors: the diameter of sprue in the lower end, the diameter of gate in the small end, the diameter of cross-section of runner, the temperature of cooling water, melt temperature, injection time, and packing pressure. The research process has eight steps: Step 1. The uniform design method is used to planning 16 experiments with 7 factors. Step 2. The plastics injection molding software Moldflow is employed to analyze the maximum warpage and ejection time for every experiment. Step 3. The Kriging surrogate modeling method is used to create the surrogate model of maximum warpage and the surrogate model of ejection time based on the input and output data of experiments. Step 4. The goal of minimizing the maximum warpage and the goal of minimizing the ejection time are synthesized into one single objective based on the compromise planning method. The single objective function is then minimized by the GRG nonlinear programming method. Step 5. The maximum warpage and ejection time under the optimal solution obtained in the previous step are evaluated again by Moldflow. Step 6. The optimal solution and the maximum warpage and ejection time under the optimal solution are added into the table of experiments. Step 7. Repeating step 3 to step 6 10 times to obtain 10 optimal solutions. From the 10 optimal solutions, one solution which has a good maximum warpage improvement rate and a good ejection time improvement rate is selected as the improved process condition. Step 8. Carrying out the factor sensitivity analysis and ranking factors. The results obtained in this study show that the maximum warpage can be decreased from 0.1247mm to 0.1151mm. The ejection time can be reduced from 10.76 seconds to 9.478 seconds. The diameter of sprue in the lower end and packing pressure can affect both the maximum warpage and ejection time. Reducing the diameter of sprue in the lower end and increasing the packing pressure can decrease the maximum warpage and ejection time, simultaneously. At last, to expand the availability of the surrogate models created in this study, this study applies HTML and Javascript language to embed the surrogate models into an interactive dynamic web page. By accessing the web page with a browser through the Internet, remote users can input the values of control factors and get the predicted values of maximum warpage and ejection time immediately.
Wun-Jheng, Wu, and 吳文政. "Uniform Experimental Design and Kriging Surrogate Modeling to Improvement of Warpage and Production Time of an Injection Molded Plastic Spur Gear." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78941497517279965925.
正修科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
101
This study aims to improve the warpage deformation and production time of an injection molded plastic spur gear. The methods applied in this study are the uniform design of experiemnts, mold flow analysis, Kriging surrogate modeling, and optimization algorithms.The process parameters to be improved are the diameter of sprue in the lower end, melt temperature, the diameter of sprue in the upper end, colling water temperature, the diameter of gate in the small end, injection time, and packing pressure. The layouts of cooling channels have three schemes:parallel channels in one side together with a circular channel, parallel channels in both sides together with a circular channel, and parallel channels in both sides with no circular channel.The flow of this research is as follows. Frist of all, a set of experiemnts with seven factors is planned based on the uniform design method for each layout of colling channels. Second, the warpage deformation and ejection time of the injection molded pastic spur gear is analyzed by Moldflow.Third, the maximum warpage deformation surrogate model and ejection time surrogate model are built based on the Kriging surrogate modeling method.Forth, a genetic algorithm and a SQP algorithm are used to solve the optimal solutions of process parameters minimizing the maximum warpage deformation surrogate model.Finally, at the optimal solutions, the moldflow software is applied again to measure the real values of maximum warpage deformation and ejection time to identify whether the optimal solutions determined via surrogate model can be the near-optimal solutions of the real problem. For the three layouts of colling channels, as long asthe uniform experiments are applied, the maximum warpage deformation can be reduced from 0.7542mm, 7399mm, 0.7403mmto 0.6728mm, 0.6662mm, 0.666mm and the ejection time can be reduced from 107.1 second, 102.2 second, 102.3 second to 91.54 second, 88.03 second, 88.17 second. After surrogate modeling and optimization,the maximum warpage deformation can be reduced further to 0.6635mm, 0.6652mm, 0.6555mm and the ejection time can be reduced further to 97.64 second, 91.52 second, 85.63 second. It can be found that the layout provided with parallel channels in both sides with no circular channel is the best one. Based on the results of factor sensitivity analysis, melt temperature is the most important factor for maximum warpage deformation and ejection time. A lower melt temperature will cause a lower maximum warpage deformation and ejection time.