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1
Filander, Tanian. "The enforceability of international surrogacy in South Africa : how would a South African court proceed in determining an international surrogacy case?" University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5503.
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Magister Legum - LLMIn this research, I sought to investigate the extent to which South Africa recognises international surrogacy agreements. I examined Chapter 19 of the Children's Act as the first legislation to afford surrogate motherhood agreements legal recognition in South Africa. Section 292(1)(b)-(e) of the Children's Act sets out the requirements for the validity of a surrogate agreement. The validity of the agreement is governed by South African law if it was concluded in South Africa, and at least one of the commissioning parents and the surrogate mother and her husband or partner must be domiciled in South Africa at the time of entering into the agreement. I explored South African legislation that may be applicable to the children born of commissioning parents (whether the commissioning parents are South Africans or foreign nationals) who entered into international surrogacy agreements. I concluded that the main issue that relates to international surrogacy are the implications that rise from registering a surrogate born child’s birth in South Africa and in other countries. I further concluded that the current position of South African law will result in a surrogate born child being left stateless and parentless. I considered the criminal aspect of international surrogacy agreements as a consequence of a null and void international surrogacy agreement. Furthermore, I referred to the legal difficulties of international surrogacy and potential rights infringed on or denied to the child born of an international surrogacy by examining international case law. I concluded that South African courts do not have precedents, guidelines or legislation governing international surrogacy agreements and thus it is important to examine international case law. I further concluded that, it is important for South African authorities and courts to consider the possibility of international surrogacy occurring in South Africa. I hope that the South African courts take a child-centered approach, building on the views established in the international case law, and that courts do not adopt a strict interpretation of our current laws. Lastly, I suggested recommendations for the appropriate manner in which to legislate international surrogacy agreements in South Africa. I submitted that judicial and administrative authorities could inspect the international surrogacy agreement and ensure that the terms do not harm the child and that the child is recognised as the legal child of the commissioning parents. The courts should first look at the suitability of the commissioning parents and finally consider the best interest of the child as being of paramount importance, before ordering the international surrogacy agreement null and void. I further suggested that a statutory regulation that contemplates international surrogacy should be formulated, as a source of reference, which will assist a court when faced with determining the issue of the parentage of a surrogate born child, and consequently, his or her nationality. I concluded that the South African Parliament should either re-draft or provide clearer guidelines regarding surrogacy and the possibility of international surrogacy agreements.
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Silkstone, Christine. "A critical analysis of the South African Law Commission's Report on Surrogate Motherhood (project 65: 1993)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17506.
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Long, Carol Patricia. "Contradicting maternity : HIV-positive motherhood in South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615208.
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Van, Wyk Emmerentia C. "Teenage girls' experiences of pregnancy and motherhood." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2874_1233151622.
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Teenage pregnancy and motherhood is a challenging phenomenon worldwide. The goal of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions and experiencesof a sample of teenage girls about pregnancy, birth and motherhood. The objectives of the research were to engage voluntary participants in autobiographical "
life stories"
and semi structured interviews relating to the phenomenon being studied
to analyze the qualitative information and do a literature control of the findings and compare and verify and make appropriate conclusions and recommendations.
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Sodi, Edzisani Egnes. "Qualitative reflections on teenage motherhood experiences." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50433.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University 2005ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the current study was to undertake a phenomenological investigation on teenage motherhood and to learn how this experience forms part of the teenage mother's life. Using the snowball sampling method, five women aged between 26 and 35 years were selected to participate in the study. All the five women became mothers during their teenage years. Indepth interviews were conducted in Northern Sotho and Tshivenda depending on the language preference and fluency of the participant. The interviews were audio-taped, and later transcribed and translated. A phenomenological method of analysis was used to transform the original data into natural meaning units (NMUs) which were further interrogated so as to distil central sociological themes that were associated with the experience of teenage motherhood. Apart from the finding that the participants got pregnant when they were aged between 16 and 18, five sociological themes associated with teenage motherhood were identified. These are: • Lack of knowledge about sexual relationships contributes to teenage pregnancy and motherhood. • Early childbearing has a negative impact on the teenage mother's social relationships. • Teenage mothers tend to experience emotional problems after delivery of their babies. • Teenage motherhood has a long term disruptive effect on the teenage mother's educational and occupational opportunities. • Teenage motherhood leads to significant lifestyle changes for those who have been through the experience. In view of the above themes, sexual education both at school and at home, is suggested here as a more viable option to help minimise the risk of teenage motherhood in society. Whilst other options like abortion and the newly introduced child support grant are also available to the teenage mother, these are not considered favourable.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die huidige studie was om 'n fenomenologiese ondersoek oor tienermoederskap te doen en uit te vind hoe hierdie belewenis deel uitmaak van die tienermoeder se bestaan. Deur die sneeubaltoetsingsmetode is vyf vroue tussen die ouderdomme van 26 en 35 jaar gekies om deel te neem aan die studie. AI vyf vroue het tydens hulle tienerjare moeders geword. Diepteonderhoude is in Noord-Sotho en Venda gevoer, afhangende van die taalvoorkeur en -vlotheid van die deelnemer. Klankopnames is van die onderhoude gemaak wat later getranskribeer en vertaal is. 'n Fenomenologiese analisemetode is gebruik om die oorspronklike data na natuurlike betekeniseenhede (NMUs - natural meaning units) te herlei wat verder ondersoek is om sentrale sosiologiese temas geassosieer met die belewing van tienermoederskap te identifiseer. Behalwe vir die bevinding dat die deelnemers swanger geraak het toe hulle tussen die ouderdom van 16 en 18 jaar was, is vyf sosiologiese temas geassosieer met tienermoederskap geïdentifiseer. Hierdie temas is: • 'n Gebrek aan kennis oor seksuele verhoudings dra by tot die voorkoms van tienerswangerskappe en -moederskap. • Vroeë kinderbaring het 'n negatiewe impak op die tienermoeder se sosiale verhoudings. • Tienermoeders is geneig daartoe om emosionele probleme te ondervind na die geboortes van hulle babas. • Tienermoederskap het 'n langtermyn ontwrigtende effek op die tienermoeder se opvoedings- en werksgeleenthede. • Tienermoederskap lei tot betekenisvolle veranderinge in lewenstyl vir diegene wat die ondervinding deurgemaak het. Met inagneming van bogenoemde temas word hier voorgestel dat seksuele opvoeding beide op skool en by die huis 'n meer lewensvatbare opsie is om die risiko van tienermoederskap in die samelewing te verminder. Alhoewel ander opsies soos aborsies en die nuutingestelde toekennings van kinderonderhoud ook vir die tienermoeder beskikbaar is, word hierdie opsies nie as bevorderlik beskou nie.
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Pitso, Tsolo Joseph. "Pregnant teenagers' readiness for motherhood: a quantitative investigation in Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006289.
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The issue of teenage motherhood has been a concern, globally, continentally and locally. The quantitative study assessed whether the pregnant teenagers were ready for motherhood. This report analysed the current positions of women whose first child was to be born when they were teenagers in the rural Eastern Cape setting. The structured questionnaires were given to 106 pregnant teenagers who visited the War Memorial clinic for pregnancy check-up and convenient sampling was used to select these respondents. The items of the questionnaire were divided into the following sub-topics: prenatal and postnatal challenges and roles and responsibilities of motherhood. The study found that most of the pregnant teenagers were aware of the prenatal and postnatal challenges but they were not ready to perform the roles and responsibilities associated with motherhood. The analysis of data was divided in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. The binary regression model was used to assess the factors affecting the pregnant teenagers’ readiness for motherhood. The finding of this study indicated that most (about 79 percent) of the pregnant teenagers were not aware of the roles and responsibilities of motherhood In addition to being not ready to face the psycho-social challenges of motherhood. Hence they indicated low level of readiness to motherhood. The psycho-social theory of Erikson posited that children who had strong and intact psycho-social relationships with the caregivers might have a high possibility of acquiring their identity during adolescent stage and this will help them to interact both effectively and efficiently with their peers and the society at large. While those do had negative psycho-social development have a high chance of facing identity crisis/confusion. As a result, they might lead them to being victims of psycho-social interaction such as early pregnancy.
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Clowes, Lindsay. "Making it work : aspects of marriage, motherhood and money-earning among white South African women 1960-1990." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21733.
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Bibliography: pages 201-215.This study provides a feminist perspective on aspects of change in white women's lives in South Africa between 1960 and 1990. Changing patterns of women's work, where work encompasses unpaid domestic labour as well as paid employment outside the home, are traced. The different ways in which women have combined their socially defined obligations as wives and mothers, as employees or employers, are considered. The primary sources used include open-ended interviews with women, magazines and the publications of women's organisations. The period 1960-1973 was one in which most white women left the paid labour force after marrying. Towards the end of the period, in the context of a booming economy and a perceived shortage of skilled white labour, more white wives were remaining in employment after marriage. The media, women's organisations, the state, big business and white male workers were addressing, in different ways, the conflict between white wives entering paid employment and the necessity to protect traditional values whereby 'good' wives stayed at home. 1974-1984 saw large and increasing numbers of white wives taking up paid work, both part-time and full-time. The period saw employed wives becoming increasingly commonplace, while the range of occupations open to them expanded. Observing that most remained in the lower levels of corporate hierarchies, women's organisations focused on eliminating the 'glass ceilings' said to block women's entry to higher paid positions. By 1985-1990, women were encouraged to be ambitious, assertive and to strive for self-fulfilment through their careers. The conflict of trying to achieve in the male dominated business world, combined with a sexual division of labour that persisted in defining the home and the family as women's work, saw many women leave the work place to start up home-based businesses.
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Van, Ewyk Johanna Jacquetta. "Lesbian mothers' lived psychological experience of planned motherhood in three South African cities : an exploratory study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85801.
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Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The concept of what constitutes a “normal” family has changed within recent years. This is because various family forms have been found viable. The current study is exploratory and focuses on the planned lesbian family. It aims to describe lesbian mothers’ lived psychological experience of planned motherhood. Utilising a feminist phenomenological approach, the narratives of 10 lesbian couples were obtained. Their emotional experiences are discussed under four headings, namely; the decision to become mothers; the actual process of becoming mothers; motherhood experience; and the anticipation of and actual responses to lesbian motherhood, lesbian families and children of lesbian mothers. Significant findings reveal the decision making involved in becoming mothers; the influence the type of donor has on the couple and their child; the joys and challenges of raising children; the fair division of childcare and household chores; the importance of partner support; the level of bonding with social and adoptive mothers; society’s lack of parental validation; the issue of homophobia and the preparation of their children against homophobia. Lesbian mothers seem to experience motherhood in very similar ways to heterosexual mothers, except that they do not seem as lonely and isolated. The aim of this study was not only to explore the experiences of lesbian mothers, but also to give them a voice within the psychological literature and to strive towards the acceptance of diverse families within mainstream psychology and the broader South African community.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konsep van wat ’n “normale“ familie behels het in die afgelope jare verander. Die rede is dat verskeie gesinsvorme as lewensvatbaar bevind is. Die gesinsvorm onder bestudering is die beplande lesbiese gesin. Hierdie was ’n verkennende studie wat gefokus het op die beskrywing van lesbiese ouers se sielkundige ervaring van beplande lesbiese moederskap. Daar is gebruik gemaak van ’n feministies-fenomenologiese benadering om die verhale van 10 lesbiese paartjies te verkry. Hulle ervarings word onder vier adelings bespreek, naamlik; die besluit om moeders te word; die werklike proses om moeders te word; moederskap ervarings; en die verwagte en werklike reaksies tot lesbiese moederskap van lesbiese families en kinders van lesbiese moeders. Noemenswaardige bevindings onthul die besluitneming betrokke om moeders te word; die invloed wat die tipe skenker op die paartjie en hulle kind het; die vreugde en vereistes van kinders grootmaak; die regverdige verdeling van kindersorg en huishoudelike take; die belangrikheid van lewensmaat ondersteuning; die krag van kinders se band met sosiale en aangenome moeders; die samelewing se tekort aan ouerlike bekragtiging; die kwessie van homofobie en die voorbereiding van hulle kinders hierteen. Dit wil voorkom of lesbiese moeders moeders in baie opsigte dieselfde ervaar as heteroseksuele moeders, behalwe dat hulle nie so alleen en geïsoleerd voorkom nie. Die studie se voorneme was nie net om die ervarings van lesbiese moeders te verken nie, maar ook om aan hulle ’n stem te bied binne die sielkundige literatuur en om te streef na die aanvaarding van uiteenlopende gesinsvorme binne hoofstroom sielkunde asook die breër Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap.
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Youngleson, Annemarie. "The impossibility of ideal motherhood : the psychological experiences and discourse on motherhood amongst South African low-income coloured mothers specifically in the Kylemore community." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1324.
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Finos, Shuvai T. "'We are actually raising South Africans''. Raising immigrant families: The parenting experiences of Zimbabweans in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31220.
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South Africa is the most popular international destination for Zimbabwean migrants escaping the economic crisis of their country. It has been estimated that by 2016, one and a half million Zimbabwean nationals were living in South Africa. However, little research explores the lived experience of Zimbabweans in South Africa in the context of family. This is despite scholars highlighting an increase in family migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa in recent years. This study explores the parenting experiences of immigrant Zimbabwean parents raising their children in South Africa. Specifically, it investigates the ways in which raising children in a different country and cultural context influences parents’ understanding of and approaches to parenting. Nine Zimbabwean mothers and fathers living with their spouses and children in Cape Town participated in a qualitative study, with semi-structured interviews. Data was collected and analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that the participants’ overarching experience of parenting was that they were ultimately raising ‘South Africans’. Participants framed their children’s ‘South African-ness’ positively, identifying the children as cosmopolitan and empowered, which they celebrated. However, they also lamented the children’s loss of identity as the most problematic aspect of ‘South African-ness’. To navigate the resultant tensions, participants relaxed some of their existing beliefs while simultaneously implementing measures to reinforce some non-negotiable values and beliefs in their children. This dissertation argues that while parents’ understanding of parenting is strongly rooted in their cultural background and values, they adapt their parenting styles and practices according to what they calculate will enable their families to thrive. The study adds to the body of knowledge on immigrant Zimbabwean families who have become part of South African society. This is especially relevant in light of the South African government’s laudable initiatives towards regularising the stay of Zimbabweans in South Africa, such as the Dispensation of Zimbabweans Project (DZP) of 2009 and its successive permits. This study can therefore contribute to the body of knowledge that informs the ways in which South Africa can continue to respond to the reality of migration from Zimbabwe.
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Els, Ronel. "Statutere regulering van surrogaatmoederskap : 'n kritiese ontleding van relevante oorwegings." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51921.
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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of regulating surrogacy in the light of the existing legal position and the relevant moral aspects. It is now medically possible for one woman to bear a child, which is not genetically related to her, on behalf of another person. Currently the law makes no specific provision for the regulation of surrogate motherhood. The key problem in this regard is that the existing law is applicable to surrogate motherhood, inter alia because surrogacy is brought about by artificial insemination and because the intended parents can only acquire parental authority by way of adoption. The final recommendation is a Surrogacy Act for South Africa. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is an analysis of the relevant moral and social aspects relating to surrogacy in order to justify the above-mentioned act morally. Commercial surrogacy, the genetic tie between parent and child, the differences between surrogacy and adoption, the question as to who is a parent and surrogacy for convenience are analysed. Despite all the arguments that can be made in favour of or against these moral issues in a vacuum, these arguments will be irrelevant in cases where the child is already born. In such a case the only relevant concern will be what is in the child's best interest. In the second part of the thesis the existing legal position is analysed. This includes an examination of the applicable legislation, the impact of the Constitution, the South African Law Commission's proposed bill on surrogate motherhood and the customary law. Although the relevant legislation does not specifically provide for surrogacy, it remains applicable. This is extremely problematic for the parties involved. The Bill of Rights is applicable to all law and binds the Legislature. Therefore the main principles of the Constitution will have to be embodied in the proposed regulatory Act. Although the Law Commission's proposed bill is a well formulated document, one shortcoming that has been identified is that it is not constitutionally justifiable. The customary law has several practices which are analogous to surrogacy. The right to culture, which is entrenched in the Constitution, has the effect that these practices cannot be outlawed. However, should it not be consistent with the Constitution, it can be held to be invalid. The conclusion which is reached is that surrogacy can be morally and constitutionally justifiable if it is regulated properly. It is therefore proposed that an Act be formulated to regulate these relevant issues. Such a proposed Act is included in part three of the thesis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die moontlikheid om surrogaatmoederskap te reguleer as gevolg van die feit dat dit nou vir 'n vrou moontlik is om 'n kind, wat nie geneties aan haar verwant is nie, vir 'n ander te baar. Die reg maak nie spesifiek vir die regulering van surrogaatmoederskap voorsiening nie. Die kernprobleem in hierdie verband is dat die bestaande reg wel van toepassing daarop is, vanweë onder andere die feit dat surrogaatmoederskap teweeggebring word deur middel van kunsmatige bevrugting. Wetgewing wat kunsmatige bevrugting reguleer is gevolglik van toepassing, hoewel dit nie geskryf was met die oog op surrogaatmoederskap in die besonder nie. Die doel van die studie is gevolglik om te ondersoek hoe surrogaatmoederskap gereguleer kan word gegewe die bestaande regsposisie en relevante morele oorwegings. Die tesis kan in drie afdelings verdeel word. Die eerste bestaan uit 'n analise van die morele aspekte wat by surrogaatmoederskap ter sprake is. Dit is nodig om hierdie aangeleenthede te analiseer ten einde 'n voorgestelde wet moreel regverdigbaar te maak. Kommersiële surrogaatmoederskap, die genetiese band tussen ouer en kind, die verskille tussen surrogasie en aanneming, die vraag na die identiteit van die ouer en surrogaatmoederskap vir gerief word geanaliseer. Ten spyte van al die morele argumente wat gemaak kan word voordat 'n kind gebore is, is hierdie argumente van weinig belang waar die kind reeds gebore is. In so 'n geval is dit slegs die beste belang van die kind wat oorweeg moet word. Die bestaande regsposisie word in die tweede deel van die tesis ontleed. Dit sluit 'n ontleding van die relevante wetgewing, die oorweging van die impak van die Grondwet, 'n analise van die Suid-Afrikaanse Regskommissie se Voorgestelde Wetsontwerp op Surrogaatmoederskap en 'n evaluering van die inheemse reg in. Die gevolgtrekking wat gemaak word is dat die bestaande wetgewing nie uitdruklik vir surrogaatmoederskap voorsiening maak nie, maar wel daarop van toepassing kan wees. Dit veroorsaak verskeie probleme vir die betrokke partye. Die Grondwet het 'n drastiese impak op die regulering van surrogaatmoederskap en sal in ag geneem moet word indien 'n surrogaatmoederskapswet voorgestel word. Die Regskommissie se voorgestelde wetsontwerp is 'n goed geformuleerde dokument, maar moet aangepas word ten einde grondwetlik regverdigbaar te wees. Daar is verskeie gebruike in die inheemse reg wat analoog aan surrogaatmoederskap is. Die reg op kultuur, wat grondwetlik verskans is, het tot gevolg dat partye, op wie die inheemse reg van toepassing is, die reg het om hierdie gebruike na te volg. Indien die praktyke egter strydig met die Grondwet is, kan dit ongeldig verklaar word. Derdens word 'n wet voorgestelom surrogaatmoederskap te reguleer. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom word, is dat surrogaatmoederskap moreel en grondwetlik regverdigbaar kan wees indien dit behoorlik gereguleer word.
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Roberts, Hazel. "Construction of motherhood and the impact thereof on the lives of married mothers in full time paid employment." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4367_1273096214.
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The study aimed to examine how motherhood is constructed by married working mothers and the impact thereof on their working lives. This qualitative study explored the individual experiences of 7 working married mothers with preschool aged children who reside in the Western Cape, South Africa. Individual semi-structured interviews were
onducted and analysed using thematic analysis. The study was situated within a social constructionist theoretical framework which holds that it is through our interactions with others that we create, maintain and verify our ideas and perceptions of the world. The literature revealed that despite the advances made by women in society, the notion that women are still the primary nurturers and care-givers is still in existence. This view is largely dictated by the social and cultural expectations in society and further perpetuated by images portrayed in the media. The results of this study revealed that the social and cultural context of the participants holds a view of motherhood that is gendered, comprises ideals of a caring, nurturing and ever-giving mother and links motherhood to womanhood and the female identity.
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Poulos, Tessa. "Relational processes enabling the balancing of academic work and motherhood: a grounded theory study with academic women at a South African university." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002547.
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Through the use of contextual data, this research study aims to explicate a theory about the experiences of academic women, who are also mothers, employed at a South African University. The research is interpretive in nature as it explores the women's accounts of the conflicts they face in striving to satisfy the demands of both their scholarly work and family responsibilities within multiple intersecting factors related to their personal/familial circumstances, and the strategic processes they engage in to manage the balance between these competing roles. The study followed a constructivist grounded theory design in an attempt to test the hypothesis (emerging from a prior pilot study) that the most significant enabling factors at work in the lives of these women comprise various relational support processes. The findings indicate that balancing academic work and mothering is a delicate activity that is sensitive to a number of facilitating as well as hindering factors. The participants revealed that they experience work-family role-conflict as a result of competing desires to dedicate themselves fully to both of these roles. The relational factors most prominently cited as being critical to enabling a work-family balance include the presence of a supportive partner, a support structure in the home in the form of an employed domestic helper, and the support derived from a 'shared experience' with other working mothers. Non-relational factors emanating from the unique quality of life afforded to mothers by employment within the particular case institution also emerged as being significantly enabling of a work-family balance for this group of academic mothers.
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Gunton, Andrea. "Professional women balancing work and motherhood : a study of coping strategies used in balancing this dual role." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007242.
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The aim of this qualitative research study is to develop insights into the dynamics involved in work- family conflict, balance and coping strategies. The study explores the experiences of seven professional women, who are also mothers, employed in professional work positions in Grahamstown. The research is interpretive in nature as it aims to explore the conflicts experienced by the professional mothers in balancing their competing roles. The study focused on the demands that these women face and the coping strategies that these working mothers develop and use, in order to balance their career aspirations as well as their family responsibilities. It set out to explore the women’s perceptions of work- family conflict and the extent to which they experience it, further examining the compromises that the women have had to make and possible feelings of guilt or regret that they may have experienced. The findings indicated that this balance is sensitive to many facilitating and hindering factors. The participants revealed that they experience work- family conflict, and that the experience of it has largely to do with the guilt of not spending enough time with their family. Another significant finding was that the women expressed their coping strategies as being organised; forming a line between work and family life as well as employing domestic workers. The women further stated that there are constant compromises that have to be made to fit in the multiple roles, and that feelings of guilt and/or regret do set in at times.
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Jones, Sean Jonathan Wilshire. "The matrifilial family : single motherhood, domestic organisation and kinship among Xhosa in a country township, South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272989.
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Penduka, Annaloice. "The experiences of expatriate mothers regarding pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood in the host city Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32485.
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The study explored the experiences of expatriate mothers' pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood in a host city. This included identifying how expatriate mothers access public healthcare, and adapt to motherhood in a host country in a subsequent pregnancy. These expatriate mothers had previously experienced childbirth in their country of origin. A descriptive qualitative approach was utilised as it describes individuals' lived experiences. Purposive sampling was chosen and I had an in-depth conversation with nine expatriate mothers. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and sub-themes. Findings: The participants established that antenatal care was easily accessible. Mothers were confronted with a lack of respectful care in labour wards. They also had personal challenges. This all led to the development of the four themes. These are: expatriate mothers' need for support; organised antenatal healthcare; high cost of living; as well as labour and childbirth challenges in Cape Town (public healthcare). These revealed mothers need support to manage motherhood in a different setting. Further, the expatriate mothers rely on their husbands as their main support in the host city. Recommendations: An emphasis on teaching of respectful maternity care in midwifery is needed, the availability of more and highly skilled and caring midwives and the need for support groups for expatriate mothers.
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Ngum, Funiba. "An exploratory study of experiences of parenting among female students at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1106_1361369984.
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Advancement in education has ensured that there is parity in terms of enrolment for
both females and males at tertiary institutions. However, women students continue to face challenges to advancing in education. Given that South African society remains highly gendered and that universities are historically male-dominated sites that do not necessarily cater for the particular
needs of women (or children), one area of challenge may relate to having to balance parenting roles with the demands of being a student. For example, at the University of the Western Cape
(UWC), students with children are prohibited from access to the residences, leaving them with no option but to seek alternative accommodation, where they can remain with their babies or look for childcare support from their relatives. While there is a growing body of work on the experiences of school-going pregnant and parenting learners, there is little work in the South African context of the experiences of women who are both parents and students at tertiary institutions. Since the national education system clearly supports and encourages life-long learning, an investigation into the conditions and experiences of learning for parenting students is important. The focus on women students was motivated by existing findings that show how normative gender roles persist and that women continue to be viewed as the primary nurturers with respect to the care of children. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of motherhood among young female students at UWC. The study was situated within a feminist social constructionist framework and a feminist qualitative methodology was employed. Two or more interviews were conducted with a group of eight participants, selected by convenient sampling, and aged between 18 and 30 years, each with a child or children under the age of five
years. Interviews were conducted at the participants&rsquo
choice of location and at a time that was convenient to them. All interviews were audio-recorded and the tapes were kept safely in the
researcher&rsquo
s home. All standard ethical procedures for research with human subjects were followed. Data was transcribed verbatim and a qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. Key
themes
were elucidated and data presented thematically. The key challenges cited included time management, self motivation and the social demands of being a mother. These tend to have adverse repercussions on academic excellence. The analysis revealed that though the young women are allowed to return to universities after becoming mothers, they face many challenges in trying to balance motherhood and the demands of schooling. Furthermore, the findings highlight the tension and ambivalence experienced by participants as they negotiate the social and cultural expectations of motherhood and their personal reality, in meeting the demands of motherhood as student mothers. In their struggle to meet the social and cultural expectations of motherhood, they placed tremendous emotional and physical stress upon themselves which manifested as guilt, physical exhaustion, psychological stress, physical illness and the desire to leave studies notwithstanding the value they attached to it. Although the participants challenged these expectations in various ways, the underlying nuances when they recounted their experiences, remain embedded in these societal and cultural expectations. However, in voicing their experiences, it was clear that they were not always simply accepting the status quo but at times challenging it, and thereby deconstructing the myths of motherhood that are so salient in current social and cultural contexts. The study also found that student mothers at UWC, at least on the basis of this small sample - do not appear to receive sufficient support on campus (physically, materially and emotionally). The study concludes that this group of
student mothers face serious challenges as mothers and students and, further, that these challenges are exacerbated by the continued social expectations of women to be &lsquo
perfect&rsquo
mothers which, together with the material gender inequalities in sharing parenting care, could impede effective academic studies. The study recommends that universities play a stronger role in alleviating the challenges for such students. In addition, it recommends that more research be conducted in the area, possibly longitudinal studies, as well as studies that may be more generalisable.
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Solomon, Mariaan. "The relative performance of surrogate measures for viable populations." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12062006-130505/.
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19
Du, Toit Elmi. "Single motherhood, parenting and mental health : the lived experience of a single mother from a Coloured community in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27562.
Full textAbstract:
Single motherhood is a growing phenomenon in South Africa, as it is in the world at large. The concept and structure of a family have changed over the last few decades and no single definition will suffice to describe or define it anymore. Various factors impact on the psychological wellbeing of the single mother. The psychological wellbeing or mental health of the single mother can influence her parenting abilities. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of a single mother with three dependent children, to gain a deeper understanding of her experiences as a single mother and the meaning she attaches to it. The point of view of this research is from a constructivist-interpretivist paradigm and from an ecological systems theory approach. This qualitative research study uses a single case study method with unstructured interviews to explore the participant’s experiences. Interpretative phenomenological analysis is used to analyse data, to identify main and sub-themes from the collected data, and to compare these themes with identified themes on single motherhood from existing research. The participant’s lived experience reveals that financial hardship is not the main contributing factor to stress experienced by this single mother. The accumulative effect of diverse stressors and the lack of social support due to prejudice and stigma seem to have a greater effect. This study generates questions around the stigma of single motherhood in South Africa. The reading of this text could raise the reader’s awareness of the challenges faced by single mothers and of prejudice against them. Single mothers are not less capable as individuals of handling the challenges of motherhood and parenting, but they are often exposed to more demands and stressors, compared to partnered mothers. Changing our perspectives on single motherhood can reduce prejudice, offer more social support and improve access to other needed resources.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
unrestricted
20
Persson, Ebba, and Josefin Svensson. "Voices of South African Women : A qualitative research study on gender equality work as experienced by women in South African corporations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95569.
Full textAbstract:
Problem statement: How do South African women experience the current gender equality work in their workplace and how does it affect their working conditions? Purpose: The purpose of our study is to contribute to an understanding of how South African women are experiencing gender equality work in their workplace and how this is affecting their working conditions. The aim is to find personal experiences of working women in South Africa of how gender equality work is being experienced on an individual level. South Africa has a broad range of legislations about gender equality but the perspective interesting for this study is how the individual South African women experience this is being realized. Methodology: A qualitative research method with an inductive approach. The empirical material was conducted with semi-structured interviews and later a thematic analysis was applied. Conclusions: Social structures, organizational culture and motherhood are areas identified by South African women to affect their working conditions as well as how they experience gender equality work within their organization. Although these are hard to change to some extent, the study found that by contributing to an understanding of the women’s experiences and identify the reasons of these, it creates possibilities for organizations to strive for a more gender equal workplace initiated with acknowledging aspects that can result in gender equality being experienced as fulfilled.
21
Gobile, Zizipho. "Being a mother and owning an informal hairdressing business in Cape Town, South Africa : a study on Congolese female migrants." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5085.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Philosophiae - MPhilThis study investigates how female migrants negotiate the tension that arises from being entrepreneurs, being mothers, and having families. It shows how entrepreneurship offers them self-emancipation but limits the time they spend raising their children and time they spend with their families, but puts them in a position to provide financially for themselves, their children, and families. The focus of the study is on Congolese female migrant and also females from few African countries. It is hypothesized that female migration and entrepreneurship negatively impacts the relationships of these females with their children and families. Data was obtained through a survey of fifty-three respondents who were conveniently selected. This took place in the Western Cape Province, taking Cape Town, Bellville, and Parow as the cities to be observed. The statistical package for social sciences was used to analyze data. The results showed that female entrepreneurship has a negative impact on their relationships with their children but to an extent improves their relationships with their families and/or partners.
22
Ngcobozi, Lihle. "Lizalise Idinga Lakho [Honour Thy Promise]: The Methodist Church Women’s Manyano, the Bifurcated Public Sphere, Divine Strength, Ubufazi and Motherhood in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/17717.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the socio-political role of the Christian church based women’s Manyano organisations in post-apartheid South Africa. Specifically, the study examines the ways in which the women’s Manyano organisations offer black women a site for the performance of citizenship. The study is based on life history interviews conducted with seventeen members of the Methodist Church Women’s Manyano of the Lamontville Circuit in Kwa-Zulu Natal. The study shows that dominant literature on Manyano women is primarily located in the historiography of the formation of Manyano groups within the historical development of the black church from the moment of missionary contact in South Africa. This literature shows that the missionaries used the coming together of black women in the church to promote ideas of devout domesticity that are based on Anglophone Victorian womanhood. This literature also shows that the structural constraints of colonisation and apartheid transformed the black church into a counterpublic space which focused largely on the liberation of the black majority from political, economic, and social exclusion from the colonial and apartheid public sphere. These constraints also transformed the role of women’s Manyano organisations to become an important space from which black women came to resist and defeat apartheid. This study shows that this historical framing of women’s Manyano groups has shaped their role in post-apartheid South Africa. Located in the African feminist theory, the study argues that Manyano women’s publicness is not limited to gendered expressions of the public and private sphere. Instead, Manyano women demonstrate that their publicness in post-apartheid South Africa ought to be understood through a combination of the varied identities that they straddle, such as those of a politically and culturally defined womanhood and communally based motherhood, which express their understanding and performance of citizenship. The thesis, therefore, argues that the contemporary role and functioning of Manyanos is located within both the hegemonic public sphere that is granted by the civil liberties of the new South Africa, and the historical black bifurcated counterpublic -which combined offer black women the ability to devise strategies to confront present-day socioeconomic challenges such as structural poverty that shapes the lives of the majority of black women in post-apartheid South Africa. The study contributes, therefore, to the reconstruction of the concept of the public sphere through the use of Manyano women’s dynamic position in post-apartheid South Africa. It shows that the dualist nature of Manyano women’s position and identity allows for a multifaceted approach in the understanding of citizenship for Manyano women today. Furthermore, and importantly, the study shows that the complex roles that Manyano women navigate within the different spheres complicate the interpretations of womanhood and motherhood as understood in dominant (white western) feminist theory in ways that often lead to the delegitimisation and erasure of Manyano women’s contributions to ideas about post-apartheid feminisms.
23
Yako, Elizabeth Matseliso. "Adherence to pre-selected infant feeding practices among mothers on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV/AIDS programme in the Amathole region, Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001091.
Full textAbstract:
Infant feeding in the context of HIV/AIDS poses a challenge among mothers. The implementation of UNICEF guidelines on infant feeding, which state that “when replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe, avoidance of all breastfeeding by HIV-infected mothers is recommended” (WHO, 2003:12) are not easy to meet. In more developed countries, where these criteria are met, almost all HIV-infected mothers have ceased to breast feed. Consequently, infants of mothers in these countries are less likely to be infected with HIV postnatally. In South Africa, more specifically in the Eastern Cape, infant feeding is a challenge as a number of UNICEF criteria cannot be met. The Eastern Cape is one of the poorest Provinces in South Africa, with a number of rural communities. Earlier studies have shown that, if mothers select either exclusive breast feeding or exclusive formula feeding, this reduces mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A limited number of studies on adherence to the method of infant feeding selected before delivery were found in the literature, hence the need for the current study. The purpose of the study was to explore adherence to exclusive breast feeding and exclusive formula feeding among mothers with HIV infection and to determine the problems that mothers may be facing in implementing their pre-selected methods.
24
Storkey, Karen. "The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the prepartum and postpartum period : a study of low-income women in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2268.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.This study aimed to determine whether low-income women residing in a rural community in South Africa experienced any significant difference in the prevalence rates of depressive symptoms postpartum as compared to depressive symptoms prepartum. Thirty women between the ages of 16 and 38 were recruited during pregnancy from the local community clinic in Kylemore, South Africa. The women where assessed for elevated levels of depressive symptomatology using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) during pregnancy and again at three and six months postpartum. It was found that 18 (60%) of the women reported elevated levels of depressive symptomatology during the prepartum assessment, with 11 (37.9%) and 12 (48%) women reporting elevated levels of depressive symptomatology at the three months and six month postpartum assessment respectively. It was further found that the sample from the current study did not experience any significant difference in the rate of depressive symptomatology from the prepartum assessment to either of the postpartum assessments. The results also suggests that a relationship exists between the levels of depressive symptomatology prepartum and the levels of depressive symptomatology postpartum, as those women who experienced high levels of depressive symptomatology during pregnancy continued to show high levels of depressive symptomatology at the postpartum assessments. The findings from the current study thus suggest that the classification of postpartum depression as a unique and separate entity, that differs from depression occurring in women at other times and from depression as experienced by men, may be misleading. The term suggests a depression that develops following childbirth, while in the current study it seemed that when depressive symptoms were reported postpartum, they were also already apparent during pregnancy. The findings from the current study therefore suggest that the existence of postpartum depression as a distinct diagnosis or illness is problematic – a suggestion that has frequently been suggested in the literature (Aderibigbe, Gureje, & Omigbodun, 1993; Chandran, Tharyan, Muliyil & Abraham, 2002; Cooper, Campbell, Day, Kennerly & Bond, 1988; Cox, Murray & Chapman, 1993; O’Hara, Zekoski, Phillips & Wright, 1990; Patel, Rodrigues, & DeSouza, 2002).
25
Smit, Joalida. "Postpartum mood disorders : a feminist critique with specific reference to postnatal depression." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53010.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This review examines the medical model's conceptualisation of postnatal depression (pND) from a feminist perspective. The arguments are fourfold: Firstly, it argues that the fundamental problem underlying the concept of PND is its conception as existing on a continuum with psychosis at the most severe end and maternity blues at the least severe end. The link with psychosis implies that it is potentially pathological requiring medical and psychiatric intervention. On the other hand its link with maternity blues gives scientific credence to continued research on emotional sequelae of reproduction that are below the psychiatric threshold of urgency. Secondly, the medical model's construction of PND implies that women are predisposed to mental illness because of their ability to bear children and thus pathologises normal experiences of childbirth. Thirdly, the medical model's preoccupation with classification and categorisation has become little more than an exercise in labeling that has removed women from their own experiences. Focusing on birth as an activity that is separate from the rest of pregnancy objectify women and ignores the socio-political context within which they give birth and care for their infants. Fourthly, it is argued that a different way of researching postpartum mood disorders is necessary to overcome a reductionistic and pathological model of childbirth. This is important if healthcare delivery hopes to provide adequate treatment for all women in the postnatal period. Especially in South Africa, where the dominant culture has for many years defined the experiences of the 'other', it is important to generate research that should include the 'voices' of the 'other' to prevent hegemonic practice from assuming an expert understanding of PND. This review does not deny the contributions from the medical establishment, but argues that a critique of its underlying assumptions is important to prevent women from being further marginalised by ignoring the socio-political context in which their lives are embedded. The implications for research within South Africa are also addressed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie oorsig ondersoek die mediese model se konseptualisering van postnatale depressie vanuit 'n feministiese perspektief. Die argument is vierledig: Eerstens blyk die konseptualisering van postnatale depressie, naamlik dat dit op 'n kontinuum bestaan, met psigose aan die mees disfunksionele kant en 'maternity blues' aan die minder ernstige kant, 'n fundamentele, onderliggende probleem te wees. Die verband met psigose impliseer dat postnatale depressie potensieel patologies is en mediese en psigiatriese insette benodig. Die verband met 'maternity blues' aan die ander kant, bied wetenskaplike begronding vir volgehoue navorsing op die gebied van emosionele aspekte van kindergeboorte wat nie van psigiatriese belang is nie. Tweedens impliseer die mediese model se konstruksie van postnatale depressie dat vroue 'n predisposisie tot geestessiektes het bloot deur die feit dat hulle die vermoë het om kinders voort te bring. Sodoende word patologiese kenmerke gekoppel aan normale ervarings van kindergeboorte. Derdens het die mediese model se beheptheid met klassifikasie en kategorisering verval in etikettering wat vroue van hul eie ervarings vervreem. Deur te fokus op geboorte as 'n aktiwiteit wat verwyder is van die res van swangerskap maak van vroue objekte wat verwyderd is van die sosio-politieke konteks waarbinne hulle geboorte skenk en sorg vir hul babas. Vierdens word dit beredeneer dat 'n nuwe benadering tot navorsing oor postpartum gemoedsteurings daar gestel behoort te word om 'n reduksionistiese en patologiese model van kindergeboorte te voorkom. Dit is belangrik as gesondheidsorgdienste hoop om toereikende behandeling te bied vir alle vroue in die postnatale periode. Veral in Suid-Afrika, waar 'n dominante kultuurgroep vir so lank die ervarings van ander omskryf het, is dit belangrik om navorsing voort te bring wat die 'stemme' van die 'ander' insluit om sodoende te verhoed dat die heersende praktykvoeringe van die dag 'n eensydige deskundige-verstaan van postnatale depressie voorveronderstel. Hierdie oorsig ontken nie die bydraes van die mediese model nie, maar beredeneer die feit dat 'n kritiese beskouing van die onderliggende aannames belangrik is om sodoende te verhoed dat vroue verder gemarginaliseer word deurdat die sosio-politieke konteks waarin hul lewens gegrond is, buite rekening gelaat word. Die implikasies vir navorsing binne 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks word dus ook ondersoek.
26
Rubin, Sarah Ethel. "Struggling and Coping with Life: Maternal Emotional Distress in a South African Township." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1401790260.
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27
Pretorius, Diederika 1951. "Surrogate motherhood: legal issues." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22948.
Full textAbstract:
Surrogate motherhood is one of the most controversial issues
of our time. The increase in infertility and the shortage of
babies available for adoption, have provided an incentive
for research in assisted reproductive techniques. Rapid
advances in this field have caught the legal system
unprepared in many ways.
The object of this thesis is to investigate the legal
aspects of surrogate motherhood. A background is provided
by an in depth examination and analysis of the practice of
surrogacy in foreign jurisdictions. For this purpose a
selection of interdisciplinary, medical and juridical
reports, court decisions and legislation is analysed.
The surrogacy agreement is affected by principles of both
public and private law. As the agreement is based on
consensus between the parties, Roman Law principles of the
law of obligations, provided a valuable point of departure
in establishing a theoretical basis for the classification
of surrogacy agreements. Having determined the nature of the
agreement, the content is analysed with due regard to
statutory and other relevant considerations, such as the
boni mores, and submissions made regarding the
enforceability and legality of such agreements.
A surrogate mother agreement model is proposed and analysed
in the light of existing South African law. The various ways
in which surrogacy contracts may be breached are examined
and recommendations put forward regarding possible delictual
or contractual remedies.
The legal relationship between the surrogate child and its
gestational (birth) mother and her husband on the one hand
and the intended parents on the other is investigated.
The role of the courts in custody issues - related to
surrogacy - is examined and recommendations put forward as
to how they may be included in the process by determining
the best interest of the surrogate child prior to artificial
insemination.
The civil and criminal liability of medical practitioners
involved in assisted reproductive technology and
specifically surrogacy are expounded. Key issues in the
practice of surrogate motherhood are interpreted in the
light of existing statutory and common law principles.
Recommendations are put forward on these issues and a bill
proposed for the regulation of surrogate motherhood in South
Africa.Private Law
LLD
28
Maré, Louis. "The feasibility of compensated surrogacy in South Africa: a comparative legal study." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22244.
Full textAbstract:
The following is a study and comparison of the various types of surrogacy currently
being implemented locally and internationally and the laws surrounding it. I discuss the
current South African legal framework on surrogacy and summarise the relevant
legislative provisions whilst also further discussing the provisions prohibiting commercial
surrogacy and the reasons behind them. Thereafter an investigation follows into other
counties in respect of their individual laws regulating surrogacy and more specifically,
commercial surrogacy. I discuss how these countries attempted to regulate commercial
surrogacy and which regulations were a success and which weren‘t. The various
international laws and regulations surrounding surrogacy as well as commercial
surrogacy is then compared and discussed in a South African context. A discussion on
the intertwined constitutional rights of the surrogate mother, commissioning parents and
child follows and in conclusion I offer some recommendations on how to go about
legalising commercial surrogacy safely and successfully implementing it free from
exploitation.Private Law
LL.M. (Specialisation in Private Law)
29
Van, Doorene Sharon. "Narratives of motherhood : voices of selected South African Women." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7169.
Full textAbstract:
The study explored whether South African mothers subscribed to the Western ideology of
intensive motherhood and how this ideology was altered or resisted. Semi-structured
interviews were conducted with ten working South African mothers with a child under
the age of ten. Thematic content analysis revealed that motherhood was largely regarded
as synonymous with womanhood, where the inherent and biological ability to bear
children rendered the mother responsible for intensive efforts in child-raising. As a
result, motherhood was a gendered practice situated within a powerful and normative
ideology of inequality. These themes were discussed in the racially stratified and
gendered context of South Africa from a feminist perspective. The research concluded
with a recommendation that alternative motherhood ideologies, more representative of
the diverse contexts and experiences of mothers, are explored.
30
Yasar, Aneshrie. "Supporting the professional women's transition to motherhood through maternity coaching: a South African perspective." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23429.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management,
University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Management in Business Executive Coaching
Johannesburg, 2017“The obligation for working-mothers is a very precise one: the feeling that one ought to work as if one did not have children, while raising one’s children as if one did not have a job.” – Annabel Crabb, Author of The Wife Drought Women play a vital role in organisations, yet world-wide remain under-represented in key leadership positions. South Africa is no different. In addition, research indicates that professional women are ‘opting-out’ of the talent pipeline, further reducing the pool of women available to step in to senior leadership roles. Becoming a mother is life-changing, and when combined with a desire for a fulfilling career, role-conflict can occur. The guilt which accompanies role-conflict can often be overwhelming and may lead to professional women exiting organisations, taking with them valuable industry knowledge and expertise. Hence, retaining female talent is increasingly becoming a business imperative. This study aims to contribute to the field of Business Coaching by researching Maternity ‘Transition’ Coaching in an organisational context. As such, the study explored four research questions aimed at providing a systemic view of the experiences of professional women during the maternity transition period, the line manager’s role during this period, the influence of organisational culture on working-mothers, and the emergence of maternity transition coaching as a support mechanism in organisations. Following a detailed review of the literature, the research methodology of a qualitative, multiple-case study approach was selected. Two organisations (cases) were researched using semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 15 respondents, as the primary sources of data collection. The research was further supported by an analysis of secondary data, both of which allowed for a full investigation of the research questions. The key findings indicated that maternity transition coaching is a strategic necessity for organisations wishing to attract and retain female talent in the 21st Century. Transitional theory along with an understanding of life and career stages are important aspects of this genre of coaching. Coaching increased support at critical transition points, leading to the retention of the professional women in the study along with a more seamless re-integration with their careers. Further, it surfaced that line managers play a critical role in a successful maternity transition, and as such also require support. It was further concluded that a family-friendly organisational culture is an enabler to a successful maternity transition. Maternity transition coaching therefore supports professional women in their desire for a satisfying career and work-life integration.
MT2017
31
Masuko, Diemo, and Ottilia Diemo Masuko. "Experiences of teenage pregnancy and motherhood among generations of teenage mothers." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/23790.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Anthropology
Department of Anthropology
Faculty of Humanities
University of the Witwatersrand
March 2017This study explores the experiences of teenage pregnancy and motherhood among two generations of mothers living in Johannesburg, South Africa. This engagement with gendered subjectivity took the form of ethnographic fieldwork conducted with three older women (35 to 42 years old) who gave birth between the ages of 16 and 18; as well as five young women aged 18-19 who became mothers during their teenage years. Using a social constructionist framework, the study explores the gendered nature of teenage pregnancy by discussing the narratives of women before and after having their first child. It argues that gendered experiences of teenage pregnancy play a crucial role in local understandings and practices of good motherhood. In particular, being a good mother for the older women in the study meant doing their best as parents to prevent teenage pregnancy in the younger generation. The women saw this as the best way to safeguard their daughters’ social reputations and educational futures in a context that considers teenage pregnancy to be unacceptable. When their attempts at preventing pregnancy proved unsuccessful, the older women were cast as inadequate parents who were partly to blame for their daughters’ pregnancies.
MT2018
32
Christierson, Viveka Anna Britta. "Part-time work, motherhood and accumulated role satisfaction : a study of white South African nurses." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22544.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts,
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
for the Degree of Master of ArtsThis Study examined the relationship between work status, job satisfaction. parental satisfaction, self-esteem and life satisfaction. The sample comprised 101 White South African nurses living in an urban area. They were all married and had at least one child under 13 years of age living at home. Forty of tbe nurses were employed full-time. 29 part-lime and 32 nurses were housewives. ( Abbreviation abstract )
AC2017
33
Dale, Lindsay Kate. "A narrative understanding of the maternal experience of urban black South African mothers." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12618.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative study explores the maternal experiences of black South African mothers living in a township in Johannesburg. Extensive research and literature has begun to address the experiences of motherhood from the mother’s perspective, however research into the experiences of black mothers is still limited. In the past psychological literature on South African motherhood tended to focus on at-risk mothers and children rather than exploring their personal narratives. This study presents the narratives of six black mothers living in Alexandra township in Johannesburg, Gauteng. The six mothers participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using the narrative analysis technique. The analysis provides insight into the personal experiences of motherhood and highlights the central narratives that these mothers told. What emerged is that mothers have individual and unique stories to tell, their stories about becoming a mother are central to their narratives on motherhood and the context in which mothers mother is pivotal in shaping their mothering experiences.
34
"Identifying motherhood and its effect on female labour force participation in South Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1200.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between motherhood and women's labour force participation in South Africa. The key problem in estimating this relationship is the endogeneity of motherhood/childbearing with respect to women's labour force participation. Childbearing behaviour and decisions to participate in the labour force are jointly determined; and unobservable characteristics which influence childbearing behaviour are also correlated with women's labour force participation. This thesis shows that the definition of motherhood can exacerbate these sources of endogeneity bias. International studies typically identify mothers as women with biological children aged 18 years or younger who are co-resident with at least one of their children. In South Africa, however, a sizeable sample of women is not co-resident with their children. The remaining sample of co-resident mothers are a non-random sample of all mothers who are less likely to participate in the labour force than all mothers. Placing a co-residency restriction on motherhood therefore biases the relationship between motherhood/childbearing and labour force participation. In particular, it overestimates the negative relationship. In the international literature instrumental variable (IV) estimation has been used to disentangle these causal mechanisms. This thesis also considers an application of same sex sibling composition, first introduced by Angrist and Evans (1998), as a strategy to identify the exogenous effects of childbearing on women's labour force participation in South Africa. Little or no research has investigated this relationship in South Africa. One possible explanation for this is that studies on female labour force participation in South Africa have not been able to match women to their children with the datasets that have been analysed: most nationally representative household surveys in South Africa do not contain detailed birth history information. The first part of this thesis analyses what data are available to identify women with children and the quality of these data; it also outlines four different methods to match women to their children using these data. The second part of this thesis investigates the relationship between motherhood/childbearing and women's labour force participation in South Africa.Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2008.
35
Blumberg, Sarah. "A psychoanalytic exploration of African grandmothers' cultural knowledge on mothering and attachment." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
African perspectives of mothering and attachment have only started being explored recently. Conversely there has been extensive research on Western understandings of attachment and mothering from a psychoanalytic perspective. Due to the limited literature, little is known whether psychoanalytic theories can be related to African cultural perspectives of mothering and attachment. This study aimed to understand African grandmothers’ cultural knowledge of mothering and attachment through a psychoanalytic attachment theory perspective. Secondly the study intended to describe the points of convergence and divergence between psychoanalytic concepts of attachment and African grandmothers’ cultural knowledge on mothering. Using a qualitative research design, nine African grandmothers, from different locations in Johannesburg, were interviewed, using a semi-structured interview. The data gathered from the interviews was analysed using aspects of narrative analysis. The findings regarding African grandmother’s cultural descriptions of mothering were on the most part consistent with the literature reviewed. The discrepancies between the participants’ understandings and the psychoanalytic attachment literature arose as a result of the major influence of socio-economic circumstances on their lives as caregivers. Psychoanalytic attachment constructs were present in the participant’s narratives and even though they were not specifically named by the participants, the results suggested they are entrenched in African cultural practices. Thus, from a psychoanalytic attachment theory perspective the research was able to demonstrate the convergences and divergences between psychoanalytic concepts of mothering and African cultural understandings of mothering, thereby illustrating how there is room for dialogue between the two.
36
Khoza, Janet Sonile. "An investigation on gender roles expectation of marriage : a case of Mbombela Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/327.
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Manicom, Desiree Pushpeganday. "Gender essentialism : a conceptual and empirical exploration of notions of maternal essence as a framework for explaining gender difference." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7524.
Full textAbstract:
The study sought to explore gender essentialism conceptually and empirically, and to specifically examine the concept of maternal essence as a framework for explaining gender difference. Gender, gender difference, gender essentialism, mothering and motherhood are individual fields of study however this thesis provides a sociological exploration of the intersections between these different fields.
A selection was made of gender theorists: Simone de Beauvoir (1972), Shulamith Firestone (1970), Nancy Chodorow (1978, 1989, 1994) and Sara Ruddick (1989). I characterise these theorists as essentialist and analysed their contributions to explore their notions of gender difference. All four theorists commonly located gender difference in a maternal essence residing in individual women and their experiences. This essence was characterised as being biological, social or psychological.
I came to the conclusion that women’s maternity was seen to be determined and reduced to biological essence (reproductive functions) or psychological essence (emotional drives and cognitive attributes) or social essence (mothering activity). All four theorists also read off micro social structural formations (family) from either individual biology or individual practice or individual psyche. In the writings of these theorists individuals are conceived of as discrete objects separated from the macro social structural context in which they exist.
The study took the view that conceptions of gender can only be held to be true based on their power to represent social reality. To this end the study explored the extent to which the selected theorists’ notions of gender essentialism illuminate the social reality of individual men and women. Their essentialist conceptions of gender difference were subjected to empirical and/ or discursive examination against the maternal realities of women in South Africa. The study used data from already existing studies and policy, legislation and programmes from South Africa which report on findings and reflect notions of gender differences which are located in mothering and defined in women’s reproduction, mothering capacity and maternal practice/thinking.
The empirical and discursive evidence examined in this study showed that the four theorists’ essentialist characterisation of gender difference is useful as it draws our attention to the significance of maternity for women’s individual experiences and identity as well as for society in general. However, the empirical and discursive evidence also revealed that external macro social structures, institutions and state discourse and practices influence the significance of maternity for women and society in general. The study therefore points to both the limits and the possibilities of essentialist notions, specifically maternal essence as an individual attribute, in explaining gender difference. This leads me to the view that there is a need for an approach that takes into account the complex, dialectical interaction between individual mothers and their social context to explain mothers’ experiences, behaviour, actions, capacities, attitudes, thinking, desires and activities.
This study provides examples of how secondary empirical studies and policy discourse can be used to explore the usefulness of essentialist notions of gender difference. It offers a way in which the power of essentialist accounts of gender difference can be tested conceptually and empirically. It also provides evidence which can be used to extend investigations on essentialist notions of gender difference.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.
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Parry, Bianca. "The motherhood penalty : exploration mothering experience as a pathway to crime for women incarcerated in the Johannesburg Female Correctional Centre." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25469.
Full textAbstract:
Text in English, abstract in English, Zulu and AfrikaansGlobally there has been a rise in the population of incarcerated women over recent decades. Yet, despite this increase, female offenders only represent about 5% of the total incarcerated population. South Africa is no different – female offenders on average total less than 3% of the incarcerated population in South Africa, one of the ten largest correctional systems in the world. This small representation of women in the correctional system often leads to the interpretation that their pathways to offending and experiences of incarceration are the same as those of male offenders, delegitimising any role that gender may play in offending behaviour. The research topic of this doctoral study aims to investigate whether these women’s symbolic or pragmatic status as mothers motivated their crimes and how this occurrence may argue that the socioeconomic challenges faced by these women play a role in their criminalisation. By utilising a feminist pathways research approach, the unlawful actions of seventeen women incarcerated in the Johannesburg Female Correctional Centre is contextualised and reveals conduits to women’s incarceration that primarily involve victimisation and socially constructed “gendered vulnerabilities” that are indissolubly interconnected with poverty and oppression. As seen through their life history narratives, this confluence of factors, coupled with fulfilling the dual roles of provider and caregiver as a mother, contribute to their pathway to offending. Ultimately the research allows for a gender-sensitive analysis of the unique challenges incarcerated women in South Africa face, and the role agency and patriarchy has played in their pathways taken.
Isihloko: Inhlawulo yokuba ngumama – ukuhlolisisa izimo zokuba ngomama okudlula kuzo abantu besifazane baseNingizimu Afrika ababoshiwe njengento ewumzila obaholela ekwephuleni umthetho. Isishayelelo ngokufingqiwe: Emhlabeni jikelele, kulawa mashuminyaka asanda kudlula sandile isibalo sabesifazane ababoshiwe. Yize kunalokho kwenyuka kwesibalo, abesifazane abasuke bephule umthetho bayingxenye ethi ayibe ngama-5% enani selilonke labantu ababoshiwe. NeNingizimu Afrika nayo akwehlukile kuyo, kubantu ababoshiwe lapha eNingizimu Afrika abesifazane balinganiselwa kuma-2.2% kuphela esamba sesisonke sabantu ababoshiwe, kanti futhi iNingizimu Afrika iyingxenye yalezo eziyishumi okuyizona ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kwezokuqondisa izigwegwe. Lesi sibalo esincane sabesifazane abasezindaweni zokuhlumelelisa izimilo sivamise ukuhunyushwa kuthiwe leyo mizila yempilo ebaholela ekuphuleni umthetho kanye nezimo abadlula kuzona ngenkathi beboshiwe iyefana neyabesilisa abasuke bephule umthetho, ngalokho bese lingashaywa ndiva noma iliphi iqhaza lezobulili kulezo zenzo zokwephula umthetho. Okokuqala, lesi sihloko esihlongoziwe salolu cwaningo lweziqu zobudokotela sihlose ukucacisa ubunjalo bezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye futhi nalezo zinto ezihambelana ngokufanayo kubantu besifazane abasezindaweni zokuhlumelelisa izimilo eNingizimu Afrika. Okwesibili, kuhloswe ukucubungulisisa ukuthi ngabe lesi simo abazithola bekusona njengabantu abangomama akusona yini noma cha esadala ukuthi benze lawo macala, kanye nokuthi ekwenzekeni kwalokho, zizathu zini ezingaba khona zokuthi izinselelo kwezenhlalo nezomnotho ezibhekana nalaba bantu besifazane yizona eziba negalelo lokuthi bazithole sebengene kwizenzo zokwephula umthetho. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yokucwaninga evuna amalungelo nesimo sabesifazane, lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuthi ekugcineni kube nokuziqondisisa izinto ezenzeka kumuntu ngayedwana kanye nakumphakathi, okuyizona zinto ezidala ukuthi laba bantu besifazane bagcine sebeqe inqubo elandelwayo emphakathini. Ngokusebenzisa ingxoxo-mibuzo ecubungula umlando wempilo, ngalokho kubhekisiswa ukungena ezenzweni zokwephula umthetho kwabantu besifazane abayishumi nesikhombisa ababoshwe eSikhungweni Sabesifazane Sokuhlumelelisa Izimilo saseJohannesburg, ngokubheka ubunjalo besimo okwenzeka ngaphansi kwaso lokho kwephulwa komthetho. Lokhu kuveza ithuba lokuhlaziya ngokusebenzisa indlela ebhekela ezobulili mayelana nezinselelo ezingefaniswe nalutho ababhekana nazo abesifazane ababoshiwe eNingizimu Afrika, futhi ngalokho-ke bese kunikwa laba bantu besifazane ulwazi lokuguqula izindlela abasuke sebehamba ngazo. Izindikimba ezingumongo: UMnyango Wezokuhlumelelisa Izimilo, iNingizimu Afrika, owesifazane ophule umthetho, isifundo sezobugebengu eseibhekelela ezobulili, izimo ophile kuzona, imizila eholela ekwephuleni umthetho, ingxoxomibuzo mayelana nomlando ngempilo, isayikholoji, ezobulili, indaba yezinto ezihambelanayo.
Titel: Die straf van moederskap – verkenning van die moederskapervaring van vroue in gevangeskap in Suid-Afrika se ervaring as 'n pad tot midaad Abstrak: Daar was die afgelope dekades wêreldwyd 'n toename in die populasie van vroue in gevangeskap. Ten spyte van die toename, verteenwoordig vroue slegs omtrent 5% van die totale populasie in gevangeskap. Suid-Afrika is in geen opsig anders nie – vroue-oortreders verteenwoordig gemiddeld slegs 2.2% van die populasie in gevangeskap in Suid-Afrika met een van die tien grootste korrektiewe stelsels in die wêreld. Hierdie klein verteenwoordiging van vroue in die korrektiewe stelsel lei dikwels tot die verklaring dat hul pad na oortreding en ervaring van gevangeskap dieselfde as dié van manlike oortreders is, wat enige rol wat gender ook al mag speel ongegrond maak. Die onderwerp van die navorsing wat vir die doktorale studie voorgestel is, is eerstens daarop gemik om die individuele kenmerke en dit wat vroue in gevangeskap in Suid-Afrika se korrektiewe fasiliteite gemeen het, uit te stip. Dit is tweedens daarop gemik om te verken of hierdie vrouens se simboliese of pragmatiese status as moeders hul misdade motiveer het, en hoe daar as gevolg van die voorkoms geredeneer kan word dat die sosioekonomiese uitdagings wat deur die vroue in die gesig gestaar word 'n rol in kriminalisering speel. Deur die feministiese benadering van navorsing te volg, word daar met dié studie daarop gemik om uiteindelik 'n begrip te vorm van individuele en sosiale prosesse wat daartoe lei dat hierdie vroue sosiale norme oortree. Deur lewensgeskiedenisonderhoude te gebruik, word die kriminalisering van die handelinge van 17 vroue in gevangeskap in Johannessburg se korrektiewe sentrum vir vroue gekontektualiseer. Dit bied geleentheid vir 'n gendersentitiewe ontleding van die unieke uitdagings wat vroue in gevangeskap in Suid-Afrika in die gesig staar, en voorsien vroue van die kennis om alternatiewe paaie te volg. Kerntemas: Departmenent van Korrektiewe Dienste, Suid-Afrika, vroueoortreder, feministiese kriminologie, geleefde ervaring, pad na misdaad, lewensgeskiedenisonderhoude, sielkunde, gender, narratief.
Psychology
D. Phil (Psychology)
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Makoba, Lerato Theodora. "The experiences of infertile married African women in South Africa : a feminist narrative inquiry." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25080.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the experiences of infertile married African women in South Africa. The study explores the women’s emotional experiences, their experiences of their relationships and the possible ways in which their culture may have influenced their experiences. The literature review gives an overview of female infertility, motherhood and feminism- from its conception to its current status in South Africa. The study is carried out in a clinical setting where the participants are already attending an infertility clinic for treatment. Six black women participate in this study and they are all married and experiencing primary infertility. This study does not include women experiencing secondary infertility because although they may presently be infertile, they have previously experienced one or more successful pregnancies. Therefore, primary infertility is chosen as the focus of this study because unlike secondary infertile women, primary infertile women have never experienced pregnancy and childbirth and thus their infertility is more noticeable and severe. The study is qualitative in nature and it is conducted within a feminist social constructionist research paradigm. This research paradigm is deemed to be more relevant in researching an issue pertaining to women, because feminist research enables social scientists to explore women’s social history, women’s perception of their own situation, their own subordination and their own resistance (Mies, 1993). Through social constructionism, the women are each able to make meaning out of their experiences and to include the influences of their culture, gender and social context in the construction of their experiences. Furthermore, since feminist research perspectives have supported the process of telling sensitive human stories as research, a narrative approach is employed in gathering information regarding the women’s experiences of being infertile. Thus, through telling their own self-narratives, the women are able to relate their experiences as well as the events that took place in their lives regarding their infertility. Structural narrative analysis as well as content narrative analysis are employed in the analysis of the women’s narratives. What emerges from their stories is the hope and the subsequent disappointment that follows from their countless visits and consultations with different health professionals, both western and traditional, as they search for pregnancy. It also emerges that in addition to their personal experiences, these women’s marital and familial relationships, as well as their extended social relationships, also contribute to the emotional distress that they experience as a result of their infertility. Although most of the women mainly report negative experiences, there are also some who report positive experiences and some form of support in their lives. It is hoped that the results obtained from this study will enable psychologists to intervene effectively and to work collaboratively with other health professionals towards delivering services aimed at assisting infertile African women medically, socially and psychologically.Dissertation (MA (Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Hardudh-Dass, Hasmita. "African mothers experiences of the "New Beginnings" mother-infant group psychotherapy programme : reflecting on mothering while living in a shelter." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12605.
Full textAbstract:
Infant mental health in South Africa has been receiving more attention in recent
years. Mothers appear to be the main caregivers of infants but they face many
psychosocial, economic and cultural challenges. There exists very little evidence
suggesting that mothers living in shelters or institutions have access to the
necessary support and education to help them to understand their circumstances
and how this may impact on the attachment with their infant. The New Beginnings
Programme, as an early intervention model, is aimed at improving attachment
between mother and infant so as to reduce the potential risk of mental health
problems later in life for the infants, the mothers and future generations. This
evidence based intervention focuses on the mother and her capacity for
mentalisation, which refers to the mother’s capacity to hold her infant in mind and
recognise and respond to the inner states of the infant. The pilot study of the New
Beginnings Programme within a South African context took place in two shelters in
the Greater Johannesburg area. This particular study formed part of this bigger
research effort. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the mothers
who attended the New Beginnings programme. A secondary aim was to explore
these mothers’ experiences of the programme within the context of living in a shelter.
The adaptation of this programme to a South African context could contribute
significantly to bridging the gap in mother-infant attachment which could influence
the future mental health of the infant and their ability to foster ongoing healthy
attachments later in life. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews and a
narrative analysis from the theoretical perspective of psychoanalytic attachment
theory. Thirteen mothers from two shelters participated in this research study.
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Hatch, Michelle. "A comparison of the economic status of mothers by marital status : an analysis of South African survey data." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7994.
Full textAbstract:
In the post-apartheid period, little research has focused on the economic welfare of South
African mothers. In particular there are few studies that compare the economic status of
mothers by marital status. Many children in South Africa live in households without
fathers (Posel and Devey 2006), which indicates that there is a high incidence of single
motherhood in South Africa. Previous research has shown that South African women are
more likely to be poor than their male counterparts and female-headed households, on
average, are poorer than male-headed households (Posel and Rogan 2009a; Armstrong et
al. 2008; Hoogeveen and Özler 2006; Budlender 2005; Rose and Charlton 2002; Woolard
and Leibbrandt 1999). These results suggest that single mothers and their children would
be more likely to be worse off than families that include men.
Historically, insufficient data on motherhood made it difficult to identify a national
sample of mothers; however recent household surveys have made it easier to do so.
Using the General Household Survey (GHS) 2006 I am able to identify all women aged
from 19 to 65 who are co-resident with at least one of their children aged 18 or younger.
A disadvantage of this sample is that it excludes not co-resident mothers who have left
their household of origin – often in pursuit of better work opportunities. Consequently
the sample underestimates the extent of motherhood as well as the labour force
participation rate of African single mothers in particular.
Despite this limitation, I am able to gain useful insights into the economic welfare of
South African mothers. By undertaking a descriptive and poverty analysis I show that on
average, African and White single co-resident mothers have an inferior economic status
compared to African and White married co-resident mothers respectively. I also show
that disparities in income exist between the two races with White mothers, on average,
having greater access to resources compared to African mothers.
A benefit of the GHS 2006 is that it includes individual information on the receipt of
social grant income. Thus I am able to quantify the impact of public transfers, as well as
other categories of income, on poverty alleviation. I show that African single co-resident
mothers, in particular, are highly dependent on grants. The study also explores the Child
Support Grant (CSG) specifically and notes that the grant is limited in coverage and
value. Furthermore, I highlight that the only other formal method for single mothers to
obtain financial assistance, is via the private maintenance system, which is fraught with
inefficiencies and often the costs of engaging with the system far outweigh the benefits.
This dissertation therefore highlights the plight of South African single co-resident
mothers and concludes by suggesting methods for improving their economic status.Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2009.
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Coleman, Cindy. "An exploration of factors that are perceived to create parenting stress among mothers for whom pregnancy was mistimed or unintended : an object relations perspective." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7447.
Full textAbstract:
It is a novel experience for a woman to enter into motherhood. While she may have some familiarity with basic methods of childcare, the experience of caring for her own child is a new one. Becoming a mother elicits a transformation for a woman, from a „self as a self‟ to a „self as a mother‟. When the pregnancy is unplanned, this transformation may be particularly complicated. This study explored this transformation by focusing on the stressors and supports mothers reported during pregnancy and in early motherhood, for women whose pregnancies had been unintended. The study utilized a psychoanalytic perspective, particularly object relations theory (ORT), to understand how the mother‟s object relations have been influenced by her perceptions and her stress levels, in her transition into motherhood. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study, so that the researcher could gain a “rich” description of the participants‟ experiences of pregnancy and motherhood. Five mothers, whose eldest was four years or younger and who had not intended to conceive, participated in focus groups and individual interviews. The data gained was analysed by means of thematic analysis, which brought about a list of perceived stressors and support factors. These stressors were categorized and discussed in relation to child-specific factors, factors specific to parenthood, environmental factors, and factors specific to the unintended nature of the pregnancy. The perceived supports included psychosocial support, allomaternal support, financial support, and information.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.
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Wessels, Karin Antionette. "Gemeenskapsondersteuning gedurende die postpartum-periode." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6408.
Full textAbstract:
D.Cur.The postpartum-period is a very emotional time for the mother with a new baby, which increases her need for support. Various factors contribute to this need for support, such as the change from the extended family to the nuclear family, which has reduced the number of network persons. The hospitalisation period of the mother after the birth of a baby has also decreased drastically, owing to the high medical costs associated with the birth of a baby. This results in the mother being discharged from the hospital much earlier and her accessibility to professional support being limited thereby. This source of support, namely the professional person who provides the mother with support, is also insufficient since the growth of the population far exceeds that of the nursing occupation, and the need is to huge for only professional persons to provide in. If the mother does not receive the necessary support that she may need, it could lead to postpartum-depression, which has a detrimental effect not only on the mother but also on the new baby and the mother's family. This research is therefore vitally important to the midwife, as it ensures a healthy mother and baby, not only in the hospital environment but also at home in her community where she must live and raise her baby. Community support to the mother during the postpartum-period is a relatively unfamiliar field in midwifery. Although the term community support is often used, the definition thereof has not yet been clarified, and it is used in different contexts, with different meanings. The term community support to the mother has therefore not yet been adequately described within the context of the postpartum-period. The objective of this research is to investigate and describe, and analyse the term community support to the mother during the postpartum-period, and to identify the characteristics of community support to the mother during the postpartum-period, as well as the network persons who must provide this community support to the mother, in order to establish the necessary guidelines for the provision of sufficient community support to the mother during the postpartum-period.
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Mulaudzi, Thivhavhudzi Mavis. "Lived experiences of mothers when providing Kangaroo mother care at the hospitals in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1180.
Full textAbstract:
MCurDepartment of Advanced Nursing Science
Each year, an estimated 3.6 million infants die worldwide in the first four weeks of life due to complications of premature birth. One-third of Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies die within the first 12 hours after delivery. The main reasons premature babies are at greater risk of illness and death is that they lack the ability to control their body temperature meaning that they get cold or hypothermic very quickly. Kangaroo Mother Care reduces mortality and if widely applied it could reduce deaths in premature newborn babies. The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the lived experiences of mothers when providing Kangaroo Mother Care at the hospitals in Vhembe District of Limpopo province. Qualitative approach with explorative descriptive, contextual and phenomenological designs were employed to explore the experiences of mothers when providing Kangaroo Mother Care. The study population consisted of all mothers who were providing Kangaroo Mother Care. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used to determine the sample of the study. The size of the sample was determined by data saturation. In-depth individual interviews were conducted using a central question. The Tesch’s eight steps of open-coding model guided the process to analyse data. Trustworthiness was ensured throughout by employing the principles of credibility, dependability, conformability, and transferability. Ethical considerations were followed to protect the participants. Recommendations were made based on the research findings. The findings of the study revealed that mothers who provide Kangaroo Mother Care experience challenges. They received inconsistent information about the practice of Kangaroo Mother Care from nurses. The relationship between mothers and nurses was good. Recomendations were made based on the findings and relevant structures in order to ensure that mothers challenges are addressed. The study revealed ineffective support provided to mothers by nurses and family members.
NRF
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Dugmore, Nicola A. "Psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy in South Africa : opening ports of entry and flexing the frame." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12894.
Full textAbstract:
Parent-infant psychotherapy is a small but growing field in South Africa. Its potential to contribute to mental health services in South Africa is, by contrast, vast. This thesis contributes towards much-needed research on the state of the field in the country and its potential applications across different sectors. Drawing on Daniel Stern’s concept of ports of entry, it is argued that an expansion of ports of entry offers an important integrating tool through which different aspects of parent-infant psychotherapy can be examined and adapted to the South African context. A history of parent-infant psychotherapy in South Africa is offered, together with an analysis of the experiences of current practitioners in the field. These aspects of the thesis draw on interviews with key stakeholders. The dominant context of private practice is then explored through two case study based papers. The first explores the meaning of symptoms in parent-infant psychotherapy. The second introduces the ‘grandmaternal transference’ as an important but under developed port of entry. These different aspects of parent-infant psychotherapy in South Africa are then considered through the prism of ports of entry in order to argue for a flexing of the psychoanalytic frame. Implications for the growth of the parent-infant psychotherapy field in South Africa are considered.
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Odendaal, Vasti. "Die identifisering van 'n hoë-risiko kliënt vir depressie met aanvang in die postpartumperiode." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6851.
Full textAbstract:
M.Cur.The birth of a baby is a life-changing event in a person's life. During this time there are expectations of positive feelings. The new mother experience ambivalent feelings about the new phase in her life. These feelings can range from a feeling of excitement, postpartum-tears, anxiety about the baby's care, depression and psychosis with an onset in the postpartum period. The goal of this research was to identify indicators for postpartum depression, that are present during pregnancy, during the delivery and in the postpartum period, in order to identify and treat a high risk client for postpartum depression in time. In this way mental health will be promoted. In the first part of the research, an exploratory, descriptive design was used within the context of a private and provincial baby clinic on the Westrand. The research firstly consisted of a literature study about the indicators for postpartum depression. A questionnaire was compiled from this literature study and it was used to collect data in a private and provincial clinic. A descriptive and explanatory design was used in the second part of the research study, to determine a connection between the indicators of postpartum depression and a diagnosis of postpartum depression. The test sample comprised of all the women who visited a postpartum baby clinic (private as well as provincial) in the postpartum period, who's baby was six months or younger. The questionnaire was completed with their visit to the baby clinic and then returned to the respective fieldworkers.
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Maswuba, Mukosi Enoch. "A longitudinal study of the academic performance of teen mothers at schools in the Luvuvhu Circuit, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/865.
Full textAbstract:
MEd (Educational Management)Department of Educational Management
This longitudinal research study investigated the attendance and academic performance of teen mothers enrolled at two schools in the Luvuvhu Circuit, Vhembe District, of the Limpopo Province over a period of two years, 2014 and 2015. Apart from this, it also sought out to examine factors in the school and home that influenced the schooling of teen mother learners (TMLs) and the available support that were provided to teen mothers with the aim of improving their poor performance in schools. The study used a qualitative approach and data were collected by means of school documents such as mark schedules and attendance registers and focus group interviews from a total of 40 participants from the two sampled schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 teen mother learners, 10 teachers and 20 other learners who were in the same school with the teen mother learners. Tables were used to present data on teen mother learners’ school performance and attendance in 2014 and 2015 in order to find out how their performance changed before, during and after pregnancy. Data from interviews was analysed using the thematic approach according to four themes. The main findings from the study were that both schools had over 20 teen mother learners, teen mother learners performance was good to fair in Tshivenda but poor in English and extremely poor in Mathematics and Science and most of them did not have marks in the last two subjects. Every month, teen mothers did not come to school for some days due to home problems such as baby being ill, taking baby to clinic for immunisation, collecting grant money and household duties. The general picture that actually emerged relationship-wise, within the school between teachers and non-mother or ordinary learners could generally be referred to as differing depending mostly on the pregnancy stages. This study revealed that teen mothers had some causes for being absent from school and for not being able to perform well at school. The factors were found both in the home and the school, such as illness during pregnancy, baby sitting and taking baby to clinic for immunisation, home duties, having to collect monthly government child grants, being ridiculed by other learners at school. With respect to support given to teen mothers by the school and the family or in the home, most teen mothers and teachers indicated in the interviews that not much was given to them. Based on little support for teen mother learners from the school and the home, the study recommended that there should be nurses and counsellors or social workers at schools, extra lessons to be organised by principals, religious leaders to be invited to pray for them and rules to be formulated by the school so that they are not ridiculed by other learners and teachers
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Tengimfene, Nikelwa F. "The work-family conflict experienced by South African women of different race groups : a phenomenological study." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3181.
Full textAbstract:
The family roles and responsibilities are still allocated along the gender lines. Women assume primary
child care and household roles despite working fulltime. They suffer from work-family conflict as they
battle with these competing demands. A phenomenological approach was adopted for this study. The
existing literature was used in defining work-family conflict, looking at different work-family theories;
development of gendered defined roles, motherhood and demands brought on by women working
fulltime. The semi-structured interview was used for data collection. The themes which emerged showed
that women experience strong emotions associated with raising children whilst working. There is
compromise on quality time dedicated in each role. Women assume sole custodian over their children’s
upbringing. Women enter into a second shift after work. Having a career and children, is made easier
through adoption of strong coping strategies and mechanisms. The conclusions and recommendations
were made for future a research and organisational practices.Industrial and Organisational Psychology
Thesis (M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psycology))
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Grobbelaar, Maryna Susanna. "Stories of mothers with differently abled children." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/586.
Full textAbstract:
A group of eight mothers of differently abled children undertook a research journey, reflecting on the sorrow
and pain, as well as the hope and humour of our lives. Narrative pastoral practices guided our
conversations, and prophetic and political challenges our actions to bring about change in our lived reality.
Reflective and summarising letters after each group meeting played a central part In the research. The
letters were structured to make visible the "taken-for-granted truths", which informed us about who and
what we are. The alternative stories of preferred mothering practices that emerged during and between
sessions were centralised in the letters. The group compiled letters of appeal to the faith community,
doctors, nursing staff, therapists and teachers in order to make them more sensitive towards differently
abled people and their families.Practical Theology
M.Th. (Practical Theology)
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Mokoena, Tebogo. "Exploring the impact of teenage pregnancy on disadvantaged adolescents in Mpumalanga." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26145.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishTeenage pregnancy remains a major social, economic and health challenge in South Africa. The consequences of unplanned teenage pregnancies are devastating. The current study explored the impact of teenage pregnancy on disadvantaged adolescents in Mpumalanga. Fourteen adolescent girls were selected, using the purposive sampling technique. The objectives were to explore the experiences of adolescence, as well as their knowledge of various methods of preventing teenage pregnancy, and how they cope with the pregnancy. The study further explored programmes that are available to assist with teenage pregnancies in the community. Data was collected using in-depth one on one interviews to allow the researcher a platform to ask open-response questions. The data was thematically analysed by carefully categorising and expanding significant themes that emerged from the participant’s responses. The study revealed that lack of knowledge about sex and contraceptives, unhealthy coping strategies, lack of support from parents and peer pressure are all effects of teenage pregnancy and the reasons for participating in unprotected sexual activities. Recommendations for overcoming these challenges were provided to the community, schools and government organisations as guidelines in the establishment of youth programmes.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)