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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Surrogate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Everett, Pauline. "A relational defence of surrogate motherhood." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4464/.

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This thesis explores surrogate motherhood using Christian ethics within a relational framework. A surrogate mother is a woman who has a child for a commissioning couple who are usually infertile. Chapter one explores how surrogacy is presented in three secular and three Church reports by focusing upon the surrogate, the commissioning couple and the child. The key theological and ethical objections to surrogacy are briefly explored: that it undermines motherhood, involves baby selling, coercion, exploitation and commodification. Chapter two analyses motherhood according to three secular feminis

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2

G'Fellers, Jeanne. "Surrogate." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://www.amzn.com/1944591338/.

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Worker. Trade Agent. Serf. Etain Ixtii detests the labels others give her, but there are some things she must accept. She was genetically designed to do specific tasks. Her breeding instincts interrupt her life every forty-five days. But workers like Etain are taught not to question so when she returns from training questioning her home world Gno's profit-based caste system, she risks her life. She doesn't want to be an agent and doesn't want to cross through the wormhole to never return. Why does she have to go? Can't someone else? Usurer Serria, the owner of Etain's birth and training debt,

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3

Leek, Jeffrey Tullis. "Surrogate variable analysis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9586.

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4

Dyers, Bianca. "Does the involvement of third parties in surrogacy agreements raise the risk of exploitation of prospective surrogates and prospective parent(s)?" University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7578.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>Surrogacy on many occasions is referred to a million-dollar industry. Just like many countries, South Africa has prohibited commercial surrogacy, thus South Africa only permits altruistic surrogacy. The prohibition has consequences for third parties such as surrogacy agencies and surrogacy facilitators, as their right to occupation freedom which is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, is limited. No right is absolute, any right can be limited if it can be proved that it is in the best interest of the public. The prohibition on commercial surr

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Loshchilov, Ilya. "Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithms." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823882.

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Les Algorithmes Évolutionnaires (AEs) ont été très étudiés en raison de leur capacité à résoudre des problèmes d'optimisation complexes en utilisant des opérateurs de variation adaptés à des problèmes spécifiques. Une recherche dirigée par une population de solutions offre une bonne robustesse par rapport à un bruit modéré et la multi-modalité de la fonction optimisée, contrairement à d'autres méthodes d'optimisation classiques telles que les méthodes de quasi-Newton. La principale limitation de AEs, le grand nombre d'évaluations de la fonction objectif, pénalise toutefois l'usage des AEs pour

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Smith, Clara A. "The black surrogate mother." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/298.

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This study examines the literary depiction of the black surrogate mother as she is created according to the author’s race, gender, background, experience, biases and goals. Even though she is one of the most successful and popular characters of fiction, she is also controversial. Her reputation is iconic as well as dichotomous. For example, she is credited for the exemplary upbringing of her white charges, while simultaneously blamed for neglecting her own children. Particularly, this paper looks at three black surrogate mothers who conform to the prototypical, often stereotypical, image of th

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7

Feng, Chunyao Seaman John Weldon. "Bayesian evaluation of surrogate endpoints." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4187.

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8

Lewis, Nigel da Costa. "Surrogate markers in clinical trials." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620204.

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9

Jaiem, Karim. "High Speed Surrogate Vehicle Development." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69078.

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In order to keep down the costs in the automotive industry, it is decided to simulate dangerous scenarios that could occur in traffic, either virtually or by means of custom-made vehicles. This report addresses the development of a new type of surrogate vehicle called High Speed Surrogate Vehicle. This project has been carried out to prevent today's issues with surrogate vehicles and to enable an increase in testing efficiency, without increasing the risk of damaging test vehicles and injuries on personnel in an eventual collision.The report presents the surrogate vehicles area of use and its

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10

Azzi, Soumaya. "Surrogate modeling of stochastic simulators." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT009.

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Cette thèse propose des outils statistiques pour étudier l’impact qu’a la morphologie d’une ville sur l’exposition des populations induite par un champ électromagnétique provenant d’une station de base. Pour cela l’exposition a été évaluée numériquement en propageant (via des techniques de lancer de rayons) les champs émis dans une antenne dans des villes aléatoires. Ces villes aléatoires ont les mêmes caractéristiques macroscopiques (e.g. hauteur moyenne des immeubles, largeur moyenne des rues et anisotropie) mais sont distinctes les unes des autres. Pour les mêmes caractéristiques de nombreu

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11

Rispel, Shane-Leane. "The scope and content of the child's right to identidy in the context of surrogacy." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5703.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>The development of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has radically changed the landscape of the conventional family. It has permitted a platform for the creation of families and family structures with tremendous diversity in their demographic characteristics. It has also changed the way in which individuals become parents. The advances in medical and scientific fertility treatments have meant that for many the dream of having a child of their own has now become a real possibility. Public perception and attitudes towards infertility treatments and more latterl

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12

Trowse, Philippa Mary. "Exploitation and harm in the context of Indian commercial surrogate women." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120021/2/Philippa_Trowse_Thesis.pdf.

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The law relating to commercial surrogacy is complex and presents many problems for legislators, intended parents and those acting as surrogate women, both within and outside Australia. This research conducted a comprehensive legal analysis, a social science analysis of empirical research using the experience of Indian women as a case study, and a theoretical critique of policy values underpinning the prohibition of commercial surrogacy in Australia using Mill's harm principle and the theory of exploitation as evaluative measures. Findings can inform reforms of legislation, policy and practice

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13

Nilsson, Elina. "Surrogatmödraskap: Arbete, gudagåva eller exploatering? : En analys av den svenska debatten kring surrogatmödraskap." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för genusvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-209395.

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Surrogacy is an arrangement in which a woman carries, delivers, and then relinquishes a baby to commissioning parents. The arrangement challenges traditional norms and definitions of reproduction, pregnancy and motherhood, and at the same time raises difficult ethical, philosophical and social questions. There is currently an ongoing debate in Sweden, where all forms of surrogacy is illegal. The debate is polemical and harsh, with advocates arguing that surrogacy is defensible on the basis of individual rights and women's right to choose over their own bodies, and those in opposition are convi

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14

McClelland, Carol Margaret. "Surrogate markers to determine drug activity." Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413298.

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15

Smith, Christopher P. "Surrogate models for aerodynamic performance prediction." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808464/.

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Automatic optimisers can play a vital role in the design and development of engineering systems and processes. However, a lack of available data to guide the search can result in the global optimum solution never being found. Surrogate models can be used to address this lack of data and allow more of the design space to be explored, as well as provide an overall computational saving. In this thesis I have developed two novel long-term prediction methods that investigate the use of ensembles of surrogates to perform predictions of aerodynamic data. The models are built using intermediate comput

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Al-Mohammad, Abdallah. "Hibernating myocardium : prevalence and surrogate markers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235453.

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The aims of this thesis are to determine: 1. The true prevalence of hibernating myocardium in patients with severely impaired left ventricular contraction. (Chapter 3) 2. The viability status of the left ventricular wall aneurysm as defined by positron emission tomography. (Chapter 4) 3. The relationship between the incidence of hibernating myocardium and the coronary artery flow grade determined angiographically. (Chapter 5) 4. The relationship between the presence of Q waves (with or without preserved R wave) on the surface electrocardiogram and the presence of scar in the myocardium as diag

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17

Niemeyer, Kyle Evan. "Skeletal Mechanism Generation for Surrogate Fuels." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1259018155.

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Thesis(M.S.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009<br>Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-01-28) Department of EMC - Aerospace Engineering Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

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18

Ostadi, Mohammad. "Surrogate Models for Integrated Reforming Combined Cycle Optimization : Surrogat-modeller til optimalisering av naturgassbaserte kraftverk med integrert reformering." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23052.

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In the light of increasing concerns about climate change, greenhouse gas mitigation technologies have gained growing attention. Integrated Reforming Combined Cycle (IRCC) is one of the processes for reducing CO2 emissions from natural gas (NG) power plants, which could help attenuate the rise in atmospheric temperature.The reforming process, an important part of an IRCC, is a chemical process for fuel conversion and the process model involves chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetics. A first principles model of this process in an optimization framework will be very complex and may involve so

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Andersson, Daniel. "Improved accuracy of surrogate models using output postprocessing." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-312.

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<p>Using surrogate approximations (e.g. Kriging interpolation or artifical neural networks) is an established technique for decreasing the execution time of simulation optimization problems. However, constructing surrogate approximations can be impossible when facing complex simulation inputs, and instead one is forced to use a surrogate model, which explicitly attempts to simulate the inner workings of the underlying simulation model. This dissertation has investigated if postprocessing the output of a surrogate model with an artificial neural network can increase its accuracy and value in si

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Gustafsson, Erik. "Optimization of Castings by using Surrogate Models." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10192.

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<p>In this thesis structural optimization of castings and thermomechanical analysis of castings are studied.</p><p>In paper I an optimization algorithm is created by using Matlab. The algorithm is linked to the commercial FE solver Abaqus by using Python script. The optimization algorithm uses the successive response surfaces methodology (SRSM) to create global response surfaces. It is shown that including residual stresses in structural optimization of castings yields an optimal shape that differs significantly from the one obtained when residual stresses are excluded.</p><p>In paper II the o

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Nordman, Ina IC Clinical School St Vincent's Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Surrogate endpoints of survival in metastatic carcinoma." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - St Vincent's Hospital, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42791.

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In most randomised controlled trials (RCTs), a large number of patients need to be followed over many years, for the clinical benefit of the drug to be accurately quantified (1). Using an early proxy, or a surrogate endpoint, in place of the direct endpoint of overall survival (OS) could theoretically shorten the duration of RCTs and minimise the exposure of patients to ineffective or toxic treatments (2, 3). This thesis examined the relationship between surrogate endpoints and OS in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and metastatic breast cancer (M

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22

Mackman, Thomas James. "Surrogate model construction for steady aerodynamic loads." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633231.

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An efficient method for predicting steady aerodynamic loads with respect to varying geometric and flow parameters is to use a surrogate model to interpolate or approximate a finite set of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Further improvements to the strategy for constructing the surrogate have the potential to provide more accurate predicted values or to reduce the number of simulations required to achieve a model of sufficient quality. This work was originally motivated by the task of providing data for calculating structural loads for civil passenger aircraft, but is directly r

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23

劉巨基 and Kui-kai Gary Lau. "Surrogate markers of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40733749.

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24

Kamath, Atul Krishna. "Surrogate-assisted optimisation-based verification & validation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15637.

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This thesis deals with the application of optimisation based Validation and Verification (V&V) analysis on aerospace vehicles in order to determine their worst case performance metrics. To this end, three aerospace models relating to satellite and launcher vehicles provided by European Space Agency (ESA) on various projects are utilised. As a means to quicken the process of optimisation based V&V analysis, surrogate models are developed using polynomial chaos method. Surro- gate models provide a quick way to ascertain the worst case directions as computation time required for evaluatin

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Lau, Kui-kai Gary. "Surrogate markers of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40733749.

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26

Wang, Xiaolin. "Synchronous fault simulation by surrogate with exceptions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184687.

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The contribution of this dissertation is the development of a completely new and accurate algorithm SFSSE for synchronous fault simulation of sequential circuits. The distinctive difference between SFSSE (Synchronous Fault Simulation by Surrogate with Exceptions) and similar approaches for fault simulation in combinational logic circuits is that SFSSE is capable of handling faults stored in more than one memory elements and the reconvergence over time of the stored fault effect with the original fault. The experimental result shows a significant improvement for SFSSE by comparing its execution

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27

Koch, Christiane. "Quantum dissipative dynamics with a surrogate Hamiltonian." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14816.

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Diese Dissertation untersucht Quantensysteme in kondensierter Phase, welche mit ihrer Umgebung wechselwirken und durch ultrakurze Laserpulse angeregt werden. Die Zeitskalen der verschiedenen beteiligten Prozessen lassen sich bei solchen Problemen nicht separieren, weshalb die Standardmethoden zur Behandlung offener Quantensysteme nicht angewandt werden können. Die Methode des Surrogate Hamiltonian stellt ein Beispiel neuer Herangehensweisen an dissipative Quantendynamik dar. Die Weiterentwicklung der Methode und ihre Anwendung auf Phänomene, die zur Zeit experimentell untersucht werden, stehen

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Whiting, Brant R. "Improving Surrogate Monitoring Techniques for Suspended Sediment." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2075.

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The quality of water of our nation’s rivers and streams is important to many vital uses including drinking water treatment, recreation, and the natural environment. Water quality can be severely impacted by the quantity and type of suspended sediment found therein. Because suspended sediment can be associated with many other contaminants that degrade water quality, it is noted as the most common impairment to water quality in the United States. Suspended sediment can cause significant ecological impacts to the chemical and biological characteristics of surface waters. The ability to accurately

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Travis, Spencer Kyle, Jacob Goodin, Dylan Suarez, and Caleb D. Bazyler. "Identifying a Surrogate Measure of Weightlifting Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5795.

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Filander, Tanian. "The enforceability of international surrogacy in South Africa : how would a South African court proceed in determining an international surrogacy case?" University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5503.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>In this research, I sought to investigate the extent to which South Africa recognises international surrogacy agreements. I examined Chapter 19 of the Children's Act as the first legislation to afford surrogate motherhood agreements legal recognition in South Africa. Section 292(1)(b)-(e) of the Children's Act sets out the requirements for the validity of a surrogate agreement. The validity of the agreement is governed by South African law if it was concluded in South Africa, and at least one of the commissioning parents and the surrogate mother and her husband or part

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Reinders, Claudia I. "Nitric oxide : a surrogate marker of bowel inflammation /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-491-0/.

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Evans, Jane 1954. "Surrogate decision-making : speaking on behalf of another." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33756.

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The adult, competent patient has the ability to be involved in decisions regarding care and treatment. The critically ill patient, who is incompetent or incapacitated will be unable to speak for herself and yet, decisions will need to continue to be made. Decisions should reflect the values and beliefs of the patient. In health care we have determined that one of the best methods of preserving the autonomy of the patient through the reflection of values and beliefs is by involving a surrogate decision-maker. This thesis examines the many facets and factors that define the complex role of surro

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McKnight, J. J. "Surrogate markers in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401757.

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Ooi, Boon Hooi. "Surrogate-based optimization of a BioMEMs microfluidic weir." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45276.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130).<br>BioMEM microfluidic weirs enable biologists to study biological processes at the cell level. A novel substrate-affixed microfluidic array of weirs allows active sorting of cells via control electrodes. The ability of the weirs to retain cells hydrodynamically is vital to the functionality of the substrate-affixed array of weirs. The objective of this thesis is to give insight using numeric tools to the microfluidic weir designer on

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Liem, Rhea Patricia. "Surrogate modeling for large-scale black-box systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41559.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2007.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-110).<br>This research introduces a systematic method to reduce the complexity of large-scale blackbox systems for which the governing equations are unavailable. For such systems, surrogate models are critical for many applications, such as Monte Carlo simulations; however, existing surrogate

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Macatula, Romcholo Yulo. "Linear Parameter Uncertainty Quantification using Surrogate Gaussian Processes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99411.

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We consider uncertainty quantification using surrogate Gaussian processes. We take a previous sampling algorithm and provide a closed form expression of the resulting posterior distribution. We extend the method to weighted least squares and a Bayesian approach both with closed form expressions of the resulting posterior distributions. We test methods on 1D deconvolution and 2D tomography. Our new methods improve on the previous algorithm, however fall short in some aspects to a typical Bayesian inference method.<br>Master of Science<br>Parameter uncertainty quantification seeks to determine b

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Gonçalves, Diogo Antunes. "Energy management systems based on adaptive surrogate modelling." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23559.

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Doutoramento em Sistemas Energéticos e Alterações Climáticas<br>Estima-se que o sector dos edifícios seja responsável por cerca de 40% da totalidade de energia consumida na União Europeia e Estados Unidos da América. 50% dessa energia está alocada a sistemas de aquecimento, ventilação e ar-condicionado (AVAC), dos quais 20% estimam-se ser desperdiçados devido a ineficiência na gestão de energia. Considera-se pertinente focar-se no melhoramento da eficiência energética do edificado, reduzindo o desperdício de forma a evitar a escassez de recursos fósseis, bem como para mitigar os problema

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Wang, Hui. "Response Adaptive Randomization using Surrogate and Primary Endpoints." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4517.

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In recent years, adaptive designs in clinical trials have been attractive due to their efficiency and flexibility. Response adaptive randomization procedures in phase II or III clinical trials are proposed to appeal ethical concerns by skewing the probability of patient assignments based on the responses obtained thus far, so that more patients will be assigned to a superior treatment group. General response-adaptive randomizations usually assume that the primary endpoint can be obtained quickly after the treatment. However, in real clinical trials, the primary outcome is delayed, making it un

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Kuang, Yan. "Crash Surrogate Modelling for Traffic Operations on Freeways." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365568.

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Crashes in freeways are recognized as being more dangerous and severe than those on urban streets. It is of great importance to analyze and improve traffic safety of freeways. Compared to the traditional count data regression models, crash surrogate indicators are widely recognized as a better alternative due to many advantages. Many crash surrogate indicators were proposed and widely applied to measure traffic conflicts in different situations. However, due to some drawbacks and limitations, these surrogate indicators are not suitable for freeway safety evaluation. Freeways often operate unde

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Delimont, Isaac L. "Compliant Joints Suitable for Use as Surrogate Folds." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4231.

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Origami-inspired design is an emerging field capable of producing compact and efficient designs. The object of a surrogate fold is to provide a fold-like motion in a non-paper material without undergoing yielding. Compliant mechanisms provide a means to achieve these objectives as large deflections are achieved. The purpose of this thesis is to present a summary of existing compliant joints suitable for use as surrogate folds. In doing so, motions are characterized which no existing compliant joint provides. A series of compliant joints is proposed which provides many of these motions. The pos

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Cavalli, Maide Maria. "Predicting survival outcomes in Myeloma using surrogate markers." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1394.

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BACKGROUND: OS should be considered the gold standard before adopting a particular treatment strategy as standard of care in Multiple Myeloma Phase III randomized clinical study but the use of OS as trial endpoint results in long trial duration. The primary objective of our project was to investigate whether there was a required minimum PFS difference between two arms in phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that can be used as a predictor of benefit in overall survival (OS). Secondary objectives were to explore if there was a minimum threshold for VGPR rate and CR rate difference be

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DOLCI, VALENTINA. "Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Surrogate Models in Aerodynamics." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2678186.

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This study describes the design and implementation of surrogate models for aerodynamic optimization or database generations. Two different methods are presented: the first one follows the classical methodology: a parametric POD is applied to a set of initial solutions or snapshots obtained with an high fidelity CFD model. With respect to approaches presented in literature, in this research work no truncation of the POD modes is performed and they are all used to construct the surrogate model. Several applications are presented: a backward facing step case, the analysis of the flow around a NAC

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Cravens, Brittany. "Surrogacy Law?: The Unparalleled Social Utility of Surrogacy and The Need for Federal Legislation." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1338487474.

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Berg, Fredrik, and Rawa Alhaider. "Surrogate boycotts : and the effects on companies and marketing." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15770.

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The purpose of this research is to understand what role surrogate boycotts can play on companies targeted by a surrogate boycott and how companies can work with their marketing strategies to reduce the effects of a surrogate boycotts. We have used a qualitative approach in this thesis, with multiple cases studies as a method. Our empirical data was collected through personal interviews with people from the Danish companies: Mette Munk A/S, Nordex Foods, Quantum and Arla Foods. We conclude that the role that surrogate boycotts play on companies involved is that it effect the company’s financial

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Ormandy, Shannon L. "An Experimental Demonstration of the Surrogate Conditioned Motivating Operation." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10750075.

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<p> The present study attempted to establish a flashing or solid red light as a surrogate conditioned motivating operation (CMO-S) by pairing the light with the unconditioned motivating operation (UMO) of heat. The effects of the red light were assessed by an ABAB reversal design for three participants and an ABA reversal design for one participant. Baseline sessions consisted of presenting the red light in the absence of the UMO of heat to assess for any behavioral effects of the red light before and after pairing with the UMO of heat. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) was recorded for all partici

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Eason, John P. "A Trust Region Filter Algorithm for Surrogate-based Optimization." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1145.

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Modern nonlinear programming solvers can efficiently handle very large scale optimization problems when accurate derivative information is available. However, black box or derivative free modeling components are often unavoidable in practice when the modeled phenomena may cross length and time scales. This work is motivated by examples in chemical process optimization where most unit operations have well-known equation oriented representations, but some portion of the model (e.g. a complex reactor model) may only be available with an external function call. The concept of a surrogate model is

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47

Mühlenberend, Sandra. "Surrogate der Natur die historische Anatomiesammlung der Kunstakademie Dresden." Paderborn München Fink, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2805963&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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48

Tsuga, Toshihiro. "Multi-objective optimization of blast simulation using surrogate model." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2916.

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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 22, 2008). Thesis director: Rainald Löhner. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computational Sciences and Informatics. Vita: p. 49 Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-48). Also available in print.

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49

Mühlenberend, Sandra. "Surrogate der Natur : die historische Anatomiesammlung der Kunstakademie Dresden /." Paderborn : Fink, 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2805963&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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50

Khan, Maryam. "Validation of Surrogate Outcomes: Application to Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19963.

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Statement of the problem: Many methods for surrogate outcome validation require individual patient data which is often inaccessible by clinical trialists. Methods: A review was performed to identify statistical methods for surrogate outcome validation that may be implemented using summary data from published clinical trials. The methods were used to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as a surrogate outcome for cardiovascular events in a systematic review of randomized trials of interventions for atherosclerosis. Results: the review of methods identified five procedures. At two or m

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