Academic literature on the topic 'Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)'

ANTECEDENTES: El envejecimiento es una etapa del ciclo vital que presenta una alta correlación entre salud física, depresión, capacidades cognitivas y percepción de la calidad de vida. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo general del estudio fue analizar la influencia de la depresión, cognición y calidad de vida en adultos mayores de 50 años. METODOLOGÍA: El presente estudio utiliza datos de la encuesta Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), una encuesta, multidisciplinar y transnacional que cuenta con datos de más de 60.000 participantes, no institucionalizados, mayores de 50 años. Los principales instrumentos clínicos fueron la escala de Depresión EURO-D, la escala de Calidad de vida CASP-12 y una escala específica de Cognición. Se realizaron análisis bivariantes y de regresión y un análisis factorial exploratorio de la EURO-D. En todos los análisis de contraste se valoró la magnitud del efecto. RESULTADOS: 1. Depresión: En todas las muestras la media de depresión osciló entre el 2,5 ± 2,2 y el 2,6 ± 2,3 con una prevalencia media de síntomas depresivos clínicamente significativos (EURO-D ≥4) en torno al 30%. La menor autopercepción de la salud, género femenino, menor percepción de la calidad de vida y menor número de actividades fueron los aspectos más relevantes asociados a la depresión. En la comparación de los países participantes, la depresión presentó una mayor prevalencia en Italia, Francia y España. 2. Factores de la EURO-D: Se identificaron dos factores: Suffering y Motivation. El género femenino tuvo mayor relevancia en el factor Suffering mientras que la menor cognición sólo afectó al factor Motivation. El factor Motivation tuvo mayor relevancia en los países mediterráneos, España, Italia, Israel y Eslovenia, mientras que el factor Suffering estuvo más presente en Suiza, Alemania, Estonia, Luxemburgo, Chequia y Dinamarca. 3. Calidad de vida: La puntuación media de la escala de calidad de vida CASP-12 osciló entre el 35,8 ± 6,3 y el 37,8 ± 6,2. Las variables más relevantes, asociadas a una mejor CV, fueron la menor depresión, las mayores facilidades económicas para llegar a fin de mes y la mejor percepción de salud física. Otras variables significativas fueron el realizar actividades, menores dificultades en las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) y la práctica de ejercicio físico. Las diferencias más notables se produjeron entre las regiones de países Nórdicos y Continentales vs. Este y Sur, con menores puntuaciones en estas últimas regiones. 4. Cognición: La capacidad cognitiva (SHARE) presentó puntuaciones medias entre 25,2 ± 4,8 y 21,8 ± 6,7 Las variables asociadas con una mayor cognición fueron la menor edad, la mayor educación, las menores dificultades económicas y la menor depresión. Los factores de la EURO-D tuvieron una asociación negativa con la cognición, de forma más relevante en el factor Motivation que en el factor Suffering. En la comparación entre países, España, Italia y Francia, tuvieron unas puntuaciones en cognición inferiores a la puntuación media global. CONCLUSIONES: De forma general la mayor depresión estuvo asociada a menor cognición y menor calidad de vida. Las correlaciones entre estas tres variables fueron más relevantes en los países del Este y Sur de Europa, respecto a los países del Norte y Continentales. Más allá de las notables diferencias individuales, se constata también la importante influencia de los aspectos sociales y culturales. La educación, el nivel económico y las prestaciones sociales y sanitarias de los diversos modelos de bienestar tuvieron un efecto destacable en las variables estudiadas. Los países con un modelo de bienestar más deficitario, como en el Este y Sur de Europa, tuvieron las menores puntuaciones en Calidad de Vida y Cognición y mayores puntuaciones en Depresión.<br>BACKGROUND: Aging is a stage in the life cycle that presents a high correlation between physical health, depression, cognitive abilities and the perception of quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVES: To analyse the influence of depression, cognition and quality of life in adults over 50 years of age. METHOD: This study uses data from the “Survey of Health, Age and Retirement in Europe” (SHARE), a multidisciplinary and transnational survey with records of more than 60,000 non- institutionalized participants over the age of 50. The main clinical instruments used were the EURO-D Depression Scale, the CASP-12 Quality of Life scale and a specific Cognition scale. Bivariate and regression analyses and an exploratory factor analysis of the EURO-D were carried out. In all the contrast analyses, the effect size was assessed. RESULTS: 1. Depression: In all samples, the mean depression score ranged between 2.5 ± 2.2 and 2.6 ± 2.3 with a median prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms (EURO- D ≥4) in around 30%. Lower self-perception of health, female gender, lower perception of quality of life and fewer activities were the most relevant variables associated with depression. In the comparison by country, the prevalence of depression was highest in Italy, France and Spain. 2. Factors of the EURO-D: Two factors were identified: Suffering and Motivation. Female gender was more relevant in the Suffering factor, while lower cognition affected only the Motivation factor. Motivation was more relevant in the Mediterranean countries, Spain, Italy, Israel and Slovenia, while Suffering was more present in Switzerland, Germany, Estonia, Luxembourg, the Czech Republic and Denmark. 3. Quality of Life: The mean score of the CASP-12 quality of life scale ranged from 35.8 ± 6.3 to 37.8 ± 6.2. The most relevant variables associated with a better QoL were low levels of depression, fewer economic difficulties and positive perception of physical health. Other significant variables were carrying out activities, fewer difficulties in the ADL and the practice of physical exercise. The most notable differences were between the regions of Northern and Central countries vs. Eastern and Southern, with lower scores in the latter regions. 4. Cognition: The cognitive status (SHARE) showed mean scores between 25.2 ± 4.8 and 21.8 ± 6.7. The variables associated with higher cognition were younger age, higher education, fewer economic difficulties and lower depression. The factors of the EURO-D were negatively associated with cognition and were more relevant in the Motivation factor than in the Suffering factor. In the comparison between countries, Spain, Italy and France had lower cognition scores than the mean global score. CONCLUSIONS: In general, higher depression was associated with lower cognition and lower QoL. The correlations between these three variables were more notable in Eastern and Southern European countries than in the Northern and Central countries. Beyond the individual differences, the influence of social and cultural variables was also notable. Education, economic status and the social and health benefits of the various welfare models had a marked effect on the variables studied. Countries with more deficient welfare models (those in Eastern and Southern Europe) had the lowest scores for QoL and Cognition and the highest scores for Depression.

Mestrado em Finanças<br>A presente tese analisa os determinantes da procura individual de seguro de saúde privado e de seguros privados de saúde com cobertura diferente (acesso a especialistas, a escolha estendida de médicos, cuidados dentários e cuidados de enfermagem em casa em caso de doença crónica ou deficiência). Os cincos tipos de seguros são analisados de forma independente. Os determinantes da procura individual de seguro de saúde privado são testados empiricamente analisando os dados da Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) utilizando o modelo Probit. Os resultados sugerem que viver num país com o sistema de financiamento da saúde Beveridge não incentiva a procura por seguros privados de saúde. A educação, o rendimento e uma boa auto-avaliação do estado de saúde têm efeitos positivos sobre a procura individual do seguro de saúde privado. O efeito positivo encontrado entre a procura individual e a boa auto-avaliação do estado de saúde poderá ser uma pré-condição para a selecção adversa e o risco moral. Ser portador de deficiência ou ter uma doença crónica poderá ter influência na procura individual.<br>This dissertation investigates the determinants of the individual demand for private health insurance and private health insurance with different coverage ( access to specialists, extended choice of doctors, dental care and nursing care at home in case of chronic disease or disability). The five types are analyzed independently. The determinants of the individual demand for private health insurance are tested empirically using micro data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), and adopting a Probit model. The results suggest that living in a country with Beveridge financial health system don?t incentive the demand for private health insurance. Education, income and a good self-evaluation of the health status have positive effects on private health insurance. The positive effect found from self-assessed health give the precondition for adverse selection and moral hazard. Being disabled or having a chronic disease putatively influences the individual demand.

Dissertação de mestrado em Gestão de Recursos Humanos<br>Nos últimos anos, tem-se vindo a assistir ao alcance de taxas de não resposta cada vez mais elevadas nos estudos em painel, o que, por um lado, constitui um verdadeiro perigo para o sucesso destes projetos e, pelo outro, acarreta importantes desafios. O projeto Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) é um estudo que fornece e analisa dados relativos à saúde, ao estatuto socioeconómico e às redes familiares de indivíduos de 50 e mais anos, abrangendo 27 países europeus mais Israel. É com base nestes dados que se realizam diversos estudos científicos, e que se desenvolvem políticas públicas em vários países. Assim, é fundamental que os investigadores responsáveis pelo SHARE e os entrevistadores realizem uma gestão dos respondentes, de modo a não obter apenas um grande número de dados, mas sim o maior número de dados com a máxima qualidade possível. Por esta razão, o presente estudo tem como principal objetivo contribuir para melhorar a gestão que os entrevistadores portugueses do SHARE fazem dos membros da amostra e auxiliar a gestão central indireta nacional na adoção de medidas que visem melhorar a qualidade dos estudos. De modo a alcançar estes objetivos, foi privilegiada a investigação por métodos mistos, mais concretamente o Desenho Explicativo Sequencial. Neste sentido, numa primeira fase, procedeu-se à análise dos dados presentes no Inquérito Internacional ao Entrevistador e, a partir dos resultados obtidos, recorreu-se à perspetiva dos entrevistadores para clarificar alguns aspetos quantitativos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a importância de várias competências intrapessoais e interpessoais dos entrevistadores, bem como a relevância da motivação e da harmonia entre os valores destes profissionais e os valores do próprio projeto. Os resultados obtidos têm implicações para o recrutamento e seleção, bem como para a formação e motivação dos entrevistadores. A contratação dos entrevistadores com o melhor perfil, a sua correta formação e a motivação ao longo do trabalho de campo são determinantes para a permanência dos respondentes nos projetos, numa altura em que a tendência é precisamente a sua desistência.<br>In recent years, there has been a substantial decline in response rates of panel studies, which, on one hand, poses a threat to the success of these studies and, on the other hand, presents significant challenges. The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is a study that provides and analyses data on health, socio-economic status and social and family networks of individuals aged 50 plus, covering 27 European countries and Israel. There are several researchers using this data for their studies, as well as public policies developed under SHARE findings. Therefore, the researchers responsible for SHARE and the interviewers must manage respondents so it is possible to obtain not only a large amount of data, but also data with quality. For this reason, the main goal of this study is to contribute to the improvement of respondents’ management, developed by the Portuguese SHARE interviewers and by the Portuguese indirect central management. In order to reach these goals, mixed methods approach, more specifically the Sequential Explanatory Design, were applied. Thus, in the first phase, the data from Interviewer's International Survey were analysed and, based on the findings, interviews were conducted in order to clarify some quantitative results. The results obtained demonstrated the importance of several intrapersonal and interpersonal skills of the interviewers, as well as the relevance of motivation and harmony between the values of these professionals and the values of the project itself. These findings have implications for the recruitment and selection processes, as well as for the training and motivation of the interviewers. The recruitment of the interviewers with the best profile, their correct training and the motivation during the fieldwork are crucial for respondents cooperation, at a time when the tendency is precisely their withdrawal.