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Journal articles on the topic 'Survey of insects'
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1
Ebenebe, C. I., M. I. Amobi, C. Udegbala, A. N. Ufele, and B. O. Nweze. "Survey of edible insect consumption in south-eastern Nigeria." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2017.0002.
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Edible insect consumption called entomophagy is very important in ensuring food security especially in a developing country like Nigeria, but promotion of entomophagy after a long period of adoption of western diets demands a comprehensive inventory of edible insect consumption in the past. At present, there is little or no repository of document with comprehensive information on edible insects consumed in the south eastern states of Nigeria and methods of use is also scarce in literature. It becomes imperative to assess edible insect consumption in the region as a background for promotion of entomophagy in the area. The study used questionnaires and oral interviews to obtain information on types of edible insects consumed, season of harvest, cooking methods, local dishes with edible insects, people’s reaction to edible insect consumption, challenges of entomophagy business and ethno-cultural beliefs on edible insect consumption. Of the 2,000 individuals sampled, 56.4% were males, 43.6% females, with 22.4% children, 19.6% teenagers, 24.2% young adults, 16.6% older adults and 17.2% aged above 60 years of age. The result showed that seventeen insect species belonging to six orders were consumed and harvesting is mainly during the rains, though some recorded year round availability. Restricted seasonal availability and high collecting costs are among the reported barriers to edible insect consumption The most common cooking methods documented in the study were frying or roasting. Six traditional dishes were found to include edible insects. Four ethno-cultural beliefs on some edible insects were also documented. Edible insect farming is therefore recommended as a strategy to bridge the gap between insect protein supply and demand in the region.
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Moruzzo, Roberta, Simone Mancini, Fabio Boncinelli, and Francesco Riccioli. "Exploring the Acceptance of Entomophagy: A Survey of Italian Consumers." Insects 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020123.
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Insect-based food is not common in Europe, because most people do not consider insects to be edible, but rather a threat and a health risk. Fear and refusal to eat a new food product introduced into a culture is called food neophobia, which results in a hesitation to trying and experimenting with new foods. Although there is significant interest in this novel sector, there is a lack of research on the link between rejection, the level of food neophobia, and consumer behavior related to the introduction of insects into the diet. In this study, through 420 questionnaires, a specific experimental scale of insects was introduced which, together with a neophobia scale, analyzed the probability and the intention of respondents to consume insects. Another issue tested has been their intention to eat food containing insects. We observed that the analyses of the two scales produced different results, confirming the need for a specific scale to measure “insect phobia”. This is important, since knowledge about consumer preferences for and barriers to using insects as human food sources is limited but necessary in order to set up commercialization strategies. The development of insect-based food offers physical health benefits and also improves the sustainability of the food industry.
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Si, Aung, and Myfany Turpin. "The Importance of Insects in Australian Aboriginal Society: A Dictionary Survey." Ethnobiology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 17, 2015): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.6.1.2015.399.
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Insects and their products have long been used in Indigenous Australian societies as food, medicine and construction material, and given prominent roles in myths, traditional songs and ceremonies. However, much of the available information on the uses of insects in Australia remains anecdotal. In this essay, we review published dictionaries of Aboriginal languages spoken in many parts of Australia, to provide an overview of the Indigenous names and knowledge of insects and their products. We find that that native honeybees and insect larvae (particularly of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera) are the most highly prized insects, and should be recognized as cultural keystone species. Many insects mentioned in dictionaries lack scientific identifications, however, and we urge documentary linguists to address this important issue.
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Jamieson, L. E., S. Dobson, J. Cave, and P. S. Stevens. "A survey of armoured scale insects on kiwifruit shelter." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3932.
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Scale infested kiwifruit continues to be a problem despite regular monitoring and spraying Shelterbelt trees may be a source of scale insect infestations in kiwifruit vines A survey of armoured scale insects in 12 common species of shelterbelt trees used in kiwifruit orchards was carried out Bark samples were removed and the density of scale insects and species composition was determined Japanese cedar as a shelterbelt species is unlikely to be a significant host for scale insects whereas Balsam poplar willow and leyland cypress were more likely to host high populations Shelterbelts in Northland Auckland and Gisborne generally had higher levels of scale insects than the same species in the Bay of Plenty and Nelson Greedy or latania scale (Hemiberlesia spp) was found more frequently than oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii)
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Jeong, Harry, and Kwangsoo Shin. "What Is Required for Edible Insects to Become Medical Food? From a Health Professionals and Caregivers’ Perspective." Insects 11, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060388.
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The challenge in the edible insect industry is to reverse consumers’ aversion to insects, which is a barrier to their consumption. This requires innovation by users rather than producers. This study aimed to present how edible insects could be promoted as medical foods from the health professionals and caregivers’ perspective. By analyzing the characteristics of the medical foods market, this study found a niche market and plan to develop medical foods using edible insects as an alternative to meet the needs of consumers. The survey participants were caregivers, nurses, and doctors as providers of medical foods. Based on the survey results, this study proposed strategies to reduce consumers’ aversion to edible insects and increase their consumption. To promote insect medical foods, it is required to hold frequent insect-related events and use clean raw materials.
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Trencheva, K., G. Trenchev, R. Tomov, and S. A. Wu. "Non-indigenous scale insects on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China: A survey." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11578.
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A preliminary list of non-indigenous scale insect species on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China is presented. The sampling was done between April and November, 2009, in the framework of the project “Invasive scale insects on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China”. The insects were collected in nurseries, parks, gardens, botanical collections and greenhouses. Representatives from four families have been identified in Bulgaria, the most numerous of which are the Diaspididae (eight species), Coccidae (four species), Pseudococcidae (two species) and Margarodidae (one species). Three species of non-indigenous scale insects associated with ornamental plants were collected in China, all belonging to the family Pseudococcidae. A list of alien scale insect species on ornamental plants is given, including the sampling sites, host plants on which they were found, origin and first report in both countries.
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Castro, Mauricio, and Edgar Chambers. "Consumer Avoidance of Insect Containing Foods: Primary Emotions, Perceptions and Sensory Characteristics Driving Consumers Considerations." Foods 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8080351.
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Why do many human beings find bugs repulsive? Disgust, a psychological factor, is believed to be the main reason why consumers would not consider eating foods containing insect ingredients. This study aimed to understand specific consumers’ behaviors toward insect based products. A global survey was launched in 13 different countries. The participants (n = 630 from each country) completed the survey that included demographic questions and questions about why they would or would not eat insect-based products. The results show, particularly for some of the Asian countries, that it is necessary to start exposing and familiarizing the populations about insects in order to diminish the disgust factor associated with insects. It is strongly recommended that an insect-based product should not contain visible insect pieces, which trigger negative associations. The exceptions were consumers in countries such as Mexico and Thailand, evaluated in this study, which did not show significant negative beliefs associated with including insects in their diets. Additional research to promote insect-based product consumption with popular product types might be the first strategy to break the disgust barriers and build acquaintance about insect-based products. The need to educate consumers that not all insects are unhygienic is crucial to eliminating the potentially erroneous concepts from consumer mindsets.
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Uchida, Noriko, Kengo Kubota, Shunsuke Aita, and So Kazama. "Aquatic insect community structure revealed by eDNA metabarcoding derives indices for environmental assessment." PeerJ 8 (June 11, 2020): e9176. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9176.
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis provides an efficient and objective approach for monitoring and assessing ecological status; however, studies on the eDNA of aquatic insects, such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), are limited despite its potential as a useful indicator of river health. Here, we investigated the community structures of aquatic insects using eDNA and evaluated the applicability of eDNA data for calculating assessment indices. Field surveys were conducted to sample river water for eDNA at six locations from upstream to downstream of two rivers in Japan in July and November 2016. Simultaneously, aquatic insects were collected using the traditional Surber net survey method. The communities of aquatic insects were revealed using eDNA by targeting the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in mitochondrial DNA via metabarcoding analyses. As a result, the eDNA revealed 63 families and 75 genera of aquatic insects, which was double than that detected by the Surber net survey (especially for families in Diptera and Hemiptera). The seasonal differences of communities were distinguished by both the eDNA and Surber net survey data. Furthermore, the total nitrogen concentration, a surrogate of organic pollution, showed positive correlations with biotic environmental assessment indices (i.e., EPT index and Chironomidae index) calculated using eDNA at the genus-level resolution but the indices calculated using the Surber net survey data. Our results demonstrated that eDNA analysis with higher taxonomic resolution can provide as a more sensitive environmental assessment index than the traditional method that requires biotic samples.
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Sedlacek, John D., Paul A. Weston, Bryan D. Price, and Patti L. Rattlingourd. "Survey of Insect Pests in Shelled Corn Stored On-Farm in Kentucky." Journal of Entomological Science 33, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-33.2.171.
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Shelled corn stored in metal bins was sampled for insects on farms in the three westernmost crop reporting districts of Kentucky during 1989 and 1990 to identify pest insects present, determine the relative abundance of insect pests, and determine their geographic distributions. Thirty-six species or species groups were found in this survey. The most abundant insects were maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky; Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier); flat grain, rusty grain, and flour mill beetles, Cryptolestes spp.; sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl); red and confused flour beetles, Tribolium spp.; and hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (L.). Greater densities and numbers of species were caught later during the storage season and greater numbers were captured from the center versus edges of bins. The unexpectedly high abundance and widespread distribution of maize weevil and Angoumois grain moth suggests that greater care needs to be taken to manage these pests because of direct feeding damage and the resulting increased susceptibility of grain to secondary insect pests (e.g., Cryptolestes spp., sawtoothed grain beetle, Tribolium spp., foreign grain beetle, and hairy fungus beetle, which were commonly found) and fungi.
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Macaulay, E. D. M., G. M. Tatchell, and L. R. Taylor. "The Rothamsted Insect Survey ‘12-metre' suction trap." Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, no. 1 (March 1988): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300016126.
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AbstractSuction traps sampling at a height of 12·2 m have been operated by the Rothamsted Insect Survey since 1964 to monitor the aerial movement of aphids and other insects. Many variants of the trap have evolved in other countries due to the lack of a detailed published description. A standard for a low maintenance structure of the ‘12-metre' suction trap now being adopted by the Rothamsted Insect Survey and some other users is described. This should lead to better uniformity and comparability of data from such traps.
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Rumbos, Christos I., Eleni Mente, Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis, Georgios Vlontzos, and Christos G. Athanassiou. "Insect-Based Feed Ingredients for Aquaculture: A Case Study for Their Acceptance in Greece." Insects 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070586.
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Although the inclusion of insects in fish diets is officially allowed in the EU since 2017, insect-based aquafeeds have not been widely adopted by the European aquaculture sector. In order to investigate the perceptions related with adoption trends, it is critical to explore the beliefs of people associated with the aquaculture sector on the use of insects in farmed fish diets. A survey was conducted among 228 participants of an aquaculture conference to explore their perceptions on the inclusion of insect meal in fish diets. Additionally, we investigated the attitudes of nine companies operating in the aquaculture and aquafeed sector in Greece that attended the conference towards this direction. The findings of the conference survey provide evidence that there is a wide-range awareness and acceptance regarding the use of insect-based feeds in farmed fish diets among the respondents. This is mainly driven by the expectations for the decline in fishing pressure on wild fish stocks, the reduction of the ecological footprint and the enhancement of the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. The results of the stakeholder survey show that six out of the nine companies that participated in the survey are favorably disposed towards the use of insect-based feeds. Specifically, four of them stated that they would produce or use aquafeeds based on insects. However, the results highlight the need for further research on the implementation of the wider adoption of insect-based feeds in aquaculture. The present study provides some first insights into the use of insect-based aquafeeds in Greece, for which there are no data available.
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Zielińska, E., D. Zieliński, M. Karaś, and A. Jakubczyk. "Exploration of consumer acceptance of insects as food in Poland." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 4 (August 11, 2020): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2019.0055.
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In the last decade, increasing attention has been focused on entomophagy in Europe. However, Western societies rarely experience insects as a food source. Depending on the country, the approach to entomophagy is variables. This study was performed to assess the perception of entomophagy in the Polish population and comparison with other European societies. An online survey was conducted with a final sample of 419 participants. Several variables were established, and their influence on the acceptance of insect was analysed by applying the Chi-square test of independence. We found that the respondents had limited knowledge about entomophagy; hence, willingness to eat insects is limited by unawareness and neophobia. The attitude towards insects is a strong predictor of the readiness to eat insects and buy insect-based products. The results have shown that processed insect products can increase consumers’ willingness to buy insect-based products. It should be noted that almost 60% of the 15.51% of the respondents who had eaten insects previously rated the insect taste as good and very good. We conclude that higher awareness of entomophagy is required to accept insects as food besides the willingness to try. Moreover, the future of insect consumption depends on the sensory characteristics (appearance, smell, taste) of insect-based products; hence, food industry should focus on processed foods with insect based food ingredients to make them familiar to consumers.
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Eilenberg, J., J. M. Vlak, C. Nielsen-LeRoux, S. Cappellozza, and A. B. Jensen. "Diseases in insects produced for food and feed." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2014.0022.
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Increased production of insects on a large scale for food and feed will likely lead to many novel challenges, including problems with diseases. We provide an overview of important groups of insect pathogens, which can cause disease in insects produced for food and feed. Main characteristics of each pathogen group (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and nematodes) are described and illustrated, with a selection of examples from the most commonly produced insect species for food and feed. Honeybee and silkworm are mostly produced for other reasons than as human food, yet we can still use them as examples to learn about emergence of new diseases in production insects. Results from a 2014 survey about insect diseases in current insect production systems are presented for the first time. Finally, we give some recommendations for the prevention and control of insect diseases.
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Mahmoud, Farag. "Insects associated with sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) and the impact of insect pollinators on crop production." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 27, no. 2 (2012): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1202117m.
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A survey of insects associated with sesame, Sesamun indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) was conducted at the Agriculture Research Farm of The Faculty of Agriculture, University of Suez Canal during the growing seasons 2010 and 2011. All different insect species found on the experimental site were collected for identification. Sampling was done once a week and three times a day. Three methods were used to collect insects from the sesame plants (a sweep net, pitfall traps, digital camera and eye observation). A total of 31 insect species were collected and properly identified during the survey. Insects recorded on the plants were divided into four groups, true pollinators (Hymenoptera), other pollinators (Diptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera), pests (Orthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera and Homoptera) and natural enemies (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera and Dictyoptera). For studying the impact of insect pollination on sesame production, the experiment was divided in two: opened and non-opened pollination of sesame. 50 plants from nonopened pollination were covered with a perforated paper bag to allow the air to pass through and to prevent insects from approaching the plants. Quantitative and qualitative parameters were measured as follows: pod weight, number of seeds in each pod, weight of 1000 seeds, germination (%), seedlings vigour and oil content (%). Results clearly demonstrate that the opened pollination improved the crop production.
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Chapman, R. B., J. W. M. Marris, and J. B. Drummond. "Survey of insect pests of stored grain in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5898.
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Producers and processors of cereal grains in New Zealand were invited in August 2015 to submit grain samples to allow extraction and identification of any insect pest species present Sixty grain samples were received of which 73 were infested with one or more insect species These were predominantly Coleoptera and Psocoptera The most frequently encountered beetle species were Oryzaephilus surinamensis Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Cortinicara hirtalis The Psocoptera were predominantly unidentified species of Liposcelis Sitophilus species and lepidopteran pests were notable by their absence The proportion of storage facilities infested by insects in this survey (73) was higher than two previous surveys (38 5063) and the proportion of storage facilities treated with insecticides (62) was lower than a previous survey (83)
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Kulma, M., V. Tůmová, A. Fialová, and L. Kouřimská. "Insect consumption in the Czech Republic: what the eye does not see, the heart does not grieve over." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.0020.
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A survey to test customers´ experience and preferences regarding food insects in the Czech Republic has revealed that 37.8% of the 1,340 respondents had experienced eating insects. Although more than half of the respondents reported their experience as being positive, only 11.8% consumed insects regularly. Of those who had no experience with edible insects, 14% stated their willingness to taste insects. Regarding preferences, ground insects or insect meal were the favourite forms of consumption, regardless of the species. From a sociodemographic point of view, age and gender significantly influenced the responses; younger people and men reported more positive attitudes towards entomophagy than older people and women. Regarding eating whole insects, processed crickets, katydids and locusts were the top-rated insects. Cockroaches were the least popular choice. The majority (77.7%) of the respondents also claimed that they would not mind consuming meat products originating from livestock that were fed insects.
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Orkusz, Agnieszka, Wioletta Wolańska, Joanna Harasym, Arkadiusz Piwowar, and Magdalena Kapelko. "Consumers’ Attitudes Facing Entomophagy: Polish Case Perspectives." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 2427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072427.
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Based on high nutritional value and low production costs, edible insects are an excellent and sustainable source of animal proteins. However, completely replacing meat with edible insects requires a change in consumer mentality not only in Poland, but also in other European countries. In western countries, most people reject eating insects, mainly for cultural reasons. Concerning this, the objective of the study was to examine the knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of the Polish community about edible insects and to understand the main factors driving edible insect consumption. The study was held at the Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Poland and consisted of two parts: The survey (among 464 students) and the tasting session (among 402 participants). The main findings suggest that there is low willingness to adopt edible insects as a meat substitute among Polish students due to the psychological barriers, such as neophobia and disgust. However, the willingness to eat processed insect food (bread, biscuit) is far higher than for unprocessed whole insects. Environmental benefits are the factors that least affected students’ willingness to try edible insects. Additionally, the tasting session of the bread with powdered insects was attended by the vast majority of participants, which indicates that a positive sensory experience can improve the acceptability of insects as food.
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Schäufele, Isabel, Eric Barrera Albores, and Ulrich Hamm. "The role of species for the acceptance of edible insects: evidence from a consumer survey." British Food Journal 121, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 2190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2019-0017.
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Purpose Even though insect products increasingly receive attention as a sustainable food alternative to meat, consumer acceptance remains low. The purpose of this paper is to test consumer acceptance of two different insect species with varying degrees of processing which led to different degrees of insects’ visibility. Design/methodology/approach Insect dishes that varied according to species and degree of visibility were presented to participants of a self-administered personal survey within a meal context. Consumer acceptance was measured through the willingness-to-try the different dishes, and a hierarchical linear regression was applied to estimate the role of insect species. Findings Consumer acceptance can be improved by focusing on different forms of food processing and different insect species. The lower the visibility of insects, the higher the consumer acceptance, independent of insect species. However, this is not sufficient to overcome consumers’ widely held rejection. Main barriers for consumer acceptance seem to be low social and cultural acceptance, fear of trying unknown products and a lack of taste experience. Originality/value A huge body of literature has examined determinants of insect consumption, but the majority of these studies did not consider the effects of insect species. The study’s main objective is to close this research gap while checking the most relevant individual traits as identified through a literature review: food neophobia and familiarity, social and cultural norms, awareness of benefits of insect production, meat consumption and socio-demographics.
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Fitriani, Rini Dita, and Sulistiyawati. "Development of Encyclopedia Boyong Sleman Insekta River as Alternative Learning Resources." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 3 (April 30, 2020): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v3.577.
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This study aims to determine the types of insects Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera in the Boyong River, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, to develop the Encyclopedia of the Boyong River Insect and to determine the quality of the encyclopedia developed. The method used in the research inventory of the types of insects Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera insects in the Boyong River survey method with the results of the study found 46 species of insects consisting of 2 Coleoptera Orders, 2 Hemiptera Orders, 18 orders of Lepidoptera in Boyong River survey method with the results of the research found 46 species of insects consisting of 2 Coleoptera Orders, 2 Hemiptera Orders, 18 orders of Lepidoptera in Boyong River survey method. odonata, 4 Orthopterous Orders and 20 Lepidopterous Orders from 15 families. The encyclopedia that was developed was created using the Adobe Indesig application which was developed in printed form. Testing the quality of the encyclopedia uses a checklist questionnaire and the results of the percentage of ideals from material experts are 91.1% with very good categories, 91.7% of media experts with very good categories, peer reviewers 92.27% with very good categories, biology teachers 88, 53% with a very good category and students 89.8% with a very good category. Based on these results, the encyclopedia is appropriate to be used as an alternative source of learning.
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Leonteva, I. "Survey of Cotton-plant Agrocenosis Insects in the Eastern Part of the Republic of Turkmenistan." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/50/03.
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To date, the high importance of cultivation industrial crops is universally recognized. One of these crops — cotton–plant (Gossypium hirsutum) — is the most important crop grown in Central Asia. The study of the species diversity of insects in crops of agricultural plants, including cotton–plant, is of great practical and theoretical interest, which allows us to assess the phytosanitary condition of crops and to develop a set of measures to improve them. The greatest economic damage to cotton–plant crops is caused by insects, among which are multivivorous (turnip moth, cotton bollworm, aphid, etc.) and specialized (more than 20 species). They damage almost all the organs of a given plant: roots, stems, leaves, generative organs (flowers and fruits) during their formation and maturation. In order to study the species diversity of insects in the cotton–plant agrocenosis under the conditions of the Lebap velayat of the Republic of Turkmenistan in 2019, more than 1000 insect specimens were collected. 12 species belonging to 7 orders and 10 families were identified. In the process of scientific research, predominantly polyphagous pests were recorded, which include two species of grasshoppers, two species of owlet moths, aphids, etc. In addition to pests of this culture, two species of predatory insects were found (European mantis and Bronze Carabid).
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Braatz, Elizabeth Y., Zachariah J. Gezon, Kristin Rossetti, Lily T. Maynard, Jonathan S. Bremer, Geena M. Hill, Marissa A. Streifel, and Jaret C. Daniels. "Bloom evenness modulates the influence of bloom abundance on insect community structure in suburban gardens." PeerJ 9 (April 22, 2021): e11132. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11132.
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As land use change drives global insect declines, the value of enhancing habitat in urban and suburban landscapes has become increasingly important for flower-visiting insects. In order to help identify best landscaping practices, we conducted plant surveys and insect bowl-trap surveys in 34 suburban yards for 21 months in Gainesville, FL, USA, which resulted in 274 paired days of plant and insect survey data. We assessed the impact of nearest greenspace size, distance to greenspace, yard area, plant richness, plant type, bloom abundance, bloom richness and bloom evenness on insect abundance and richness. Our samples include 34,972 insects captured, 485,827 blooms counted and 774 species of plants recorded. We found that bloom evenness had a modulating effect on bloom abundance—a more even sample of the same number of blooms would have a disproportionately greater positive impact on flower visitor richness, insect richness and insect abundance. Bloom abundance was also highly significant and positively associated with flower visitor abundance, but nearest greenspace size, distance to greenspace, plant type (native vs. non-native vs. Florida Friendly), and yard area were not found to be important factors. Plant richness was a highly significant factor, but its effect size was very small.
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Kuswantoro, Farid, and R. C. Hidayat Soesilohadi. "Keanekaragaman Serangga Sebagai Pakan Alami Katak Tegalan (Fejervarya Limnocharis, Gravenhorst) pada Ekosistem Sawah di Desa Panggungharjo, Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.12723.
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Paddy field was a dynamic and biodiversity rich ecosystems. Insect diversity in paddy field ecosystem was infected by paddy plant growth stages. Grass frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) ate insects as their natural prey. Insect population dynamics during vegetative, generative and reproductive stage of paddy plants infected F. limnocharis natural prey. This research aims were to study insect diversity and F. limnocharis insect prey diversity of vegetative, reproductive and generative paddy plant growth stages at Panggungharjo village, Sewon, Bantul. Insect sampling was conducted by direct survey method while F. limnocharis collection conducted by Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. Ninety eight insect species from 51 different families and nine orders of insect were found. The orders were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. Stomachs analysis indicated F. limnocharis ate nine insect orders. The orders were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Isoptera. Most commonly insect prey in vegetative, reproductive and generative phase paddy growth stage were the members of the Order Coleoptera, Family Acrididae (Orthoptera) and Family Formicidae (Hymenoptera) respectively. This study concluded F. limnocharis main natural prey was the easily found and easily perceived insects.
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Drummond, J. B., J. W. M. Marris, and T. Brooker. "Insect pests in stored grain: a Canterbury example." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 31, 2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.82.
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Grain samples were collected from storage facilities of cereal grain producers throughout Canterbury, New Zealand to determine levels of insect pest infestation. Collection followed a preliminary survey in 2015/16 where growers were invited to submit grain samples. It was possible that producers were more likely to send samples if they suspected insect infestation. To eliminate any survey sampling bias in the 2016/17 survey, 42 cereal grain producers were randomly selected. Fifty-eight grain samples were collected from 42 storage facilities, of which 77% were infested with one or more insect species. These were predominantly Coleoptera and Psocoptera. The most frequently encountered beetle species were Orzyaephilis surinamensis and Cryptolestes species. In contrast to the 2015/16 survey, a Sitophilus (weevil) species was recorded for the rst time. The proportion of storage facilities infested by insects (77%) was similar to the 2015/16 survey (73%) but higher than two previous surveys in 1971 (38%) and 1979 (50—63%). The proportion of storage facilities treated with insecticides (79%) was similar to the 1979 survey (83%) but greater than the preliminary 2015/16 survey (62%). Results indicate that insect pests of stored grain remain a signi cant risk for grain producers.
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Shalan Augu, Razzaq, and H. H. Al-Saffar. "Survey of Coleopteran Insects on Alfalfa Plant." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, no. 3 (March 10, 2016): 792–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.503.092.
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El-Meghrabi, Moftah. "SURVEY OF SOME HETEROPTEROUS INSECTS IN LIBYA." Journal of Productivity and Development 14, no. 3 (August 1, 2009): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2009.44731.
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Floate, Kevin D., and Thomas G. Whitham. "Insects as traits in plant systematics: their use in discriminating between hybrid cottonwoods." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-001.
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Phytophagous insects are natural bioassays that may be used to segregate closely related plant taxa. To examine the value of this method, we conducted a comprehensive survey of insects and arachnids in a natural zone of overlap and hybridization between Fremont (Populus fremontii) and narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia). Three categories of trees were distinguished by leaf morphology and identified by previous genetic analyses as Fremont, F1 and BC1 hybrids, and complex backcrosses (BC2–BC4). These trees were subsequently reclassified by a discriminant function analysis of their associated herbivores. The level of concordance between the two methods was 98% (n = 43 trees). Because insect distributions may reflect differences in plant morphology, chemistry, phenology, and other characters, insect bioassays may be a more rigorous method of distinguishing closely related plant taxa than reliance solely on morphological or chemical analyses. In contrast with chemical and genetic analyses, insect surveys can be quickly done in the field at minimal cost. Insect bioassays will not replace current methods of distinguishing closely related plant taxa, but they may be useful for supplementing current methods. Key words: Populus, discriminant function analysis, insect–plant interaction, host selection, plant taxonomy.
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GECAN, JOHN S., and JOHN C. ATKINSON. "Microanalytical Quality of Macaroni and Noodles." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.5.400.
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A survey was conducted to determine the sanitary quality of macaroni and noodle products. The official method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists was used to recover light filth such as insect fragments, whole or equivalent insects and rodent hair fragments from 225-g samples of macaroni and noodles (764 units of macaroni and 725 units of egg noodles). Insect fragments, the most frequently encountered defect, were found in 66% of the macaroni product samples and 83% of the egg noodle samples. Insect fragment counts ranged from 0 to 317 with a mean of 4.3 for macaroni products and 0 to 343 with a mean of 6.8 for egg noodles. Ranges of other defect counts in macaroni products were 0 to 5 for rodent hair fragments and 0 to 9 for whole or equivalent insects. Ranges of other defects in egg noodles were 0 to 12 for rodent hair fragments and 0 to 17 for whole or equivalent insects.
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SOARES, JEFFERSON BRUNO CARVALHO, EWERTON MARINHO COSTA, FRANCISCO EDIVINO LOPES DA SILVA, and ELTON LUCIO ARAUJO. "INSECT DIVERSITY IN AN EXPERIMENTAL VINEYARD IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 1 (March 2016): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n128rc.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to survey the entomofauna in an experimental vineyard (Vitis spp.) in the semiarid of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. The survey was conducted from November 2012 to January 2013 at the Rafael Fernandes experimental farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, in an area of 2,500 m2, cultivated with the Italia, Niagara Rosada and Isabel grapevine varieties. The insect collection was performed weekly during the grapevine flowering and fruiting periods, through a passive method, using four Pitfall traps, and an active method, collecting insects from the tree canopies (branches, leaves, flowers and fruits) using entomological net, tweezers and brushes. In the passive collection, 1,598 insects from five orders and 25 families were collected, especially from the Formicidae (83%), Dolichopodidae (5.9%) and Cicadellidae (1.9%) families, which were the most abundant. In the active collection, 288 insects from five orders and 14 families were collected, especially from the Vespidae (160 specimens) and Apidae (78 specimens) families, which were the most abundant, representing 82.7% of the total collected insects. The greater diversity (13 families) and greater number of insects collected (186 specimens) were observed in the grapevine variety Isabel.
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Balzan, Stefania, Luca Fasolato, Serena Maniero, and Enrico Novelli. "Edible insects and young adults in a north-east Italian city an exploratory study." British Food Journal 118, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2015-0156.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the readiness of young Italian people to consume insects and the psychosocial determinants associated with edible insect consumption, in order to evaluate whether insect-based food could be an alternative food source. Design/methodology/approach – An explorative study was conducted, using focus group interviews as the technique for data collection. In total, 32 consumers, aged 20-35 years took part in five focus group interviews. Findings – Significant determinants comprised appearance, farming and sustainability. Participants’ willingness to eat insect-based food is dependent on the form in which the products are presented to them. Crustaceans were frequently mentioned as a comparison in terms of distaste. Lack of practice in preparation was a major barrier to consumption. To expand consumption participants suggested an active role for public health institutions. Even though with some uncertainty, there are some people prepared to consume insects. Research limitations/implications – Due to the restricted size of the sample survey, the findings are considered as exploratory research. Further investigation is required among other young adults in order to delineate promotional strategies. Originality/value – There is a lack of information regarding the willingness to consume edible insects in Italy. Due to the restricted size of the sample survey, the findings are considered as exploratory research. Further investigation is required among other young adults in order to delineate promotional strategies.
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Rosenberg, David M., and H. V. Danks. "INTRODUCTION." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 119, no. 140 (April 1, 1987): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm119140001-1.
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In general, the aquatic insects of freshwater wetlands have been inadequately studied despite their apparent importance in wetland habitats, especially in energy and nutrient transfer. The Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) recognized the deficiencies in knowledge of taxonomy and ecology of insect species in wetland habitats and sponsored a "Conference on the aquatic insects of peatlands and marshes" in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, on 3 October, 1984. The Conference summarized current knowledge on the systematics and ecology of aquatic insects of Canadian peatlands and marshes, the wetland habitats chosen for emphasis, and sought to identify needs for research on the structure and dynamics of aquatic insect faunas in these habitats. The proceedings of the Conference are published here. The first two papers provide background information on the habitats under consideration and the interactions among invertebrates and vertebrates in these habitats. A second group of papers considers features of the Hydracarina, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera in peatlands and marshes. A final paper summarizes data on the occurrence of aquatic insects in bogs, fens, and marshes, addresses broader questions related to the nature of the insect fauna, and identifies needs for further research. By making accessible systematic and ecological information on aquatic insects of Canadian peatlands and marshes, the proceedings should support and encourage further work in these habitats.
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Rosenberg, David M., and H. V. Danks. "AQUATIC INSECTS OF PEATLANDS AND MARSHES IN CANADA: INTRODUCTION." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 119, S140 (1987): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm119140fv.
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AbstractIn general, the aquatic insects of freshwater wetlands have been inadequately studied despite their apparent importance in wetland habitats, especially in energy and nutrient transfer. The Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) recognized the deficiencies in knowledge of taxonomy and ecology of insect species in wetland habitats and sponsored a "Conference on the aquatic insects of peatlands and marshes" in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, on 3 October, 1984. The Conference summarized current knowledge on the systematics and ecology of aquatic insects of Canadian peatlands and marshes, the wetland habitats chosen for emphasis, and sought to identify needs for research on the structure and dynamics of aquatic insect faunas in these habitats. The proceedings of the Conference are published here. The first two papers provide background information on the habitats under consideration and the interactions among invertebrates and vertebrates in these habitats. A second group of papers considers features of the Hydracarina, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera in peatlands and marshes. A final paper summarizes data on the occurrence of aquatic insects in bogs, fens, and marshes, addresses broader questions related to the nature of the insect fauna, and identifies needs for further research. By making accessible systematic and ecological information on aquatic insects of Canadian peatlands and marshes, the proceedings should support and encourage further work in these habitats.
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JONES, F. T., R. C. AXTELL, D. V. RIVES, S. E. SCHEIDELER, F. R. TARVER, R. L. WALKER, and M. J. WINELAND. "A Survey of Campylobacter jejuni Contamination in Modern Broiler Production and Processing Systems." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.4.259.
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Campylobacter jejuni contamination was surveyed in samples collected from the breeder-multiplier houses, broiler houses, feed mills, hatcheries, and processing plants of two integrated broiler firms. Insects and mice were also trapped at each location. C. jejuni was most frequently found in samples collected from processing plants, followed by samples collected from broiler houses, and breeder-multiplier houses. Samples obtained from feed mills and hatcheries were negative, suggesting that the C. jejuni was not transmitted by either feed or eggs. C. jejuni was also not isolated from insect or mouse samples. However, the external surfaces of insects were sanitized with a chlorine solution, prior to analysis. Thus, these data suggest any contamination of insects with C. jejuni is generally external not internal. Contamination in broilers apparently originated from some unknown source(s) in broiler houses. C. jejuni was isolated from 20% of the cloacal swabs taken as birds entered the plant, 52% of the carcasses sampled following immersion chilling, and 31.6% of whole broiler carcasses sampled at retail outlets. While these data suggest that cross-contamination occurred within processing plants, field control methods would appear to be necessary for control of C. jejuni in modern broiler production and processing systems. The frequent C. jejuni isolations from dead birds in broiler houses suggested the regular collection of normal mortality as one farm management procedure that might help reduce Campylobacter contamination in broilers.
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Hall, J. Peter. "ARNEWS assesses the health of Canada's forests." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71607-5.
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In 1984 the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) established the Acid Rain National Early Warning System (ARNEWS) to monitor the state of health of Canada's forests. This program was implemented by the CFS Forest Insect and Disease Survey (FIDS) who survey the plots annually and determine the causes of observed damage. For the period, 1984-1994, the survey indicates that there has been no large-scale decline in the health of Canada's forests. Insects, diseases and abiotic conditions have impacted forests, and isolated cases of damage caused by air pollution have been observed. The presence of unknown damage is also being investigated to determine if pollution is involved. The results of this survey support the need for a national forest health monitoring network as part of sustainable management of Canadian forests. Key words: forest health, forest surveys, sustainable forestry, ecosystem monitoring
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Silva, Elienai Cândida e., Benedito Baptista dos Santos, and Walter Santos de Araújo. "Insect gall occurrence in savanna and forest remnant sites of Hidrolândia, GO, Brazil Central." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 (February 20, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.04.
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In this study we perform an inventory of the insect galls in savanna and forest sites of Hidrolândia, Goiás, Brazil. We found 150 insect gall morphotypes, distributed on 39 botanical families and 104 plant species. Among the insect galls, 81 gall morphotypes were recorded in the savanna site and 73 in the forest site. The plant taxa richest in insect galls were the family Fabaceae with 22 gall morphotypes, the genus Bauhinia (Fabaceae) with 15, and the species Siparuna guianensis (Siparunaceae) with seven gall morphotypes. We found gall-inducing insects belonging to orders Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera. The galling insects of family Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were the most common inducing 48.1% of the gall morphotypes. This is the first systematic survey of insect galls realized in the city of Hidrolândia, being this the site with the higher insect gall diversity already cataloged to the Central region of Brazil.
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MENSAH, BEATRICE AYORKOR, ROSINA KYEREMATEN, TED ANNANG, and SAMUEL ADU-ACHEAMPONG. "Influence of human activity on diversity and abundance of insect in the wetland environment." Bonorowo Wetlands 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/bonorowo/w080104.
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Mensah BA, Kyerematen R, Annang T. 2018. Influence of human activity on diversity and abundance of insects in three wetland environments in Ghana. Bonorowo Wetlands 2: 33-41. The Wetland environment is unique with unique biota that includes insects. Insects serve as indicators of environmental health, nevertheless, the recent spate of human encroachment on wetlands is likely to affect its unique biotic composition, and this phenomenon poses a threat to the wetland environment. The physical and chemical quality of studied habitats in this research provided background information for comparison against the established quality standard of the wetland environment. The study involved reconnaissance surveys, insect trapping and social surveys on the impact of anthropogenic activities on insect diversity and abundance in and around the wetland environment. Twenty-two insect orders belonging to 112 families were sampled from different sites along the Sakumono, Kpeshie, and Muni-Pomadze wetlands. Species diversity and abundance were significantly different among the various locations with the most diverse being Kpeshie. Water within wetlands in Kpeshie was the most polluted although it had a positive correlation with insect diversity and abundance. Results of a survey of selected communities showed that majority of the residents had a low level of education with less appreciation of issues involving the environment including pollution. Majority of people within the surveyed communities were unable to access decent toilet facilities and publicly demarcated waste disposal sites. There was no coordinated and concerted effort to manage these three wetlands two of which are designated Ramsar sites. Activities such as farming, discharge of domestic garbage, improper fishing practices, improper disposal of industrial and human waste are increasing the pollution risk of these wetland environments.
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Kiehne, Tilraan. "Die Promotionsarbeit des Joseph von Quarin als Spiegel des Standes der medizinischen Entomologie in der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts." Gesnerus 54, no. 1-2 (November 27, 1997): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0540102003.
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Joseph von Quarin (1733-1814), court physician to the Emperor of Austria at the end of the 18th century, had studied medicine in Vienna and Freiburg im Breisgau. His Freiburg doctoral dissertation is still of great interest today. In a first chapter it defines the term <insect>, in a second it describes diseases insects can cause, and a final chapter discusses medical uses of insects. Quarin tried to unite traditional knowledge with new findings. His brief work is a survey of the knowledge of medical entomology in his time.
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Saleh, Yusuf, Muhammad Sani Yahya, Ishaq Abdul Dalyop, and Rashid Hussain. "Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Insect Monitoring: Acoustic Technique in Insect Monitoring (A Review/Survey)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.36 (May 6, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.36.29091.
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Eco-friendly and effective method of white grub control is needed to reduce the impact of pesticide on the environment and the cost of control. The use of nematode as a biological agent to control larvae under soil was positive. The challenge is about the accuracy in time, location and amount of biological control agent required for control at initial infestation of the harmful insects, to reduce the damage the use of wireless sensor network (WSN) is required. Work carried out, sent at a threshold value of CO2 under the soil determine from lab to greenhouse to open field experiments. Initial stage detection of these insects life cycle is required for accurate time and location for control of these insect pests for resource effectiveness. This location can be communicated to a mobile phone via Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) with Global Packet Radio Service modules (GPRS). Next challenge is to quantify the CO2 level from the white grubs as part of soil respiration, and to estimate their population. The farmers could be trained as listeners to survey for acoustic evidence of insects and to identify them by distinctive spectral and temporal pattern. Acoustic detection can be used to estimate the population of white grubs. A hypothesis of 90% success of the combination of CO2 burstsensing from white grubs (GMM221 sensor) as a generic signal with volatile compound as a specific signal from plant roots under insect attack and using Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is considered. In the future, a universal sensor is to be developed for high accuracy with LabVIEW monitoring interface.
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Peccoud, Jean, Vincent Loiseau, Richard Cordaux, and Clément Gilbert. "Massive horizontal transfer of transposable elements in insects." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 18 (April 17, 2017): 4721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621178114.
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Horizontal transfer (HT) of genetic material is central to the architecture and evolution of prokaryote genomes. Within eukaryotes, the majority of HTs reported so far are transfers of transposable elements (TEs). These reports essentially come from studies focusing on specific lineages or types of TEs. Because of the lack of large-scale survey, the amount and impact of HT of TEs (HTT) in eukaryote evolution, as well as the trends and factors shaping these transfers, are poorly known. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of HTT in 195 insect genomes, representing 123 genera and 13 of the 28 insect orders. We found that these insects were involved in at least 2,248 HTT events that essentially occurred during the last 10 My. We show that DNA transposons transfer horizontally more often than retrotransposons, and unveil phylogenetic relatedness and geographical proximity as major factors facilitating HTT in insects. Even though our study is restricted to a small fraction of insect biodiversity and to a recent evolutionary timeframe, the TEs we found to be horizontally transferred generated up to 24% (2.08% on average) of all nucleotides of insect genomes. Together, our results establish HTT as a major force shaping insect genome evolution.
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Dev, S., K. Hassan, J. Claes, M. N. Mozahid, H. Khatun, and M. F. Mondal. "Practices of entomophagy and entomotherapy in Bangladesh." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.0038.
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Aspects of entomophagy and entomotherapy of ethnic people in Bangladesh are documented as this practice is believed to ensure future food security. A comprehensive survey was conducted involving six insect-consuming ethnic groups: Garo, Chakma, Tanchangya, Marma, Mro, and Tripura. A total of 36 insect species of 19 families and 7 orders were consumed by them. In terms of species, those of the Coleoptera ranked highest (14), followed by Hymenoptera (7), Orthoptera (5), Hemiptera (5) and Blattodea (3 species); one species each belonged to Ephemeroptera and Odonata. The field cricket (Brachytrupes sp.), short-horned grasshopper (Oxya sp.) and giant water bug (Lethocerus indicus) were most preferred, reaching respective acceptance levels of 84, 83, and 79% by the respondents of all ethnic groups taken together. The total number of species used as human food by the Chakma, Marma, Mro, Tanchangya, Tripura, and Garo was 32, 22, 29, 21, 26, and 14, respectively. Nine species were used to treat coughs, fevers, nocturnal emissions, burning and gastroenteritis. People gathered the insects mainly from the insects’ natural habitat and consumed them as snacks or part of a meal. The availability of edible insects depended on the season. Despite consumer demand, insect consumption is decreasing, apparently due to the unavailability of insects because of the random application of pesticides and fertilisers. The top three entomophagy constraints include lack of knowledge to farm insects, to harvest them, and to effectively store and preserve them. By overcoming these constraints, practices of entomophagy might play additional role in increasing future food security in Bangladesh through developing edible insect industry.
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Elorinne, Anna-Liisa, Mari Niva, Outi Vartiainen, and Pertti Väisänen. "Insect Consumption Attitudes among Vegans, Non-Vegan Vegetarians, and Omnivores." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020292.
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Abstract: Background: Consumption of foods of insect origin is encouraged, since insect consumption is seen as one of the responses to the environmental impact of meat production. This study examines the attitude (A), subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioral control (PC), and food neophobia (FN) toward the consumption of foods of insect origin, as well as the conditions for eating insect-based foods among vegans, vegetarians, and omnivores. Methods: The data was obtained by using an online survey and convenience sampling (n = 567, of whom omnivores represented 74%, vegans 5%, and non-vegan vegetarians 22%). Results: The three dietary groups exhibited significantly different intention (I) to eat foods of insect origin. Vegans held the most rigid negative attitude (A), and their subjective norm (SN) to eat insects was weaker compared to that of omnivores (p < 0.001) and non-vegan vegetarians (p < 0.001). Vegans’ perceived behavioral control (PC) over their eating of insects was stronger compared to that of omnivores (p < 0.001) and non-vegan vegetarians p < 0.001), and they were more neophobic than omnivores (p < 0.001) and non-vegan vegetarians (p < 0.001). Non-vegan vegetarians held the most positive attitude toward eating insects, and both non-vegan vegetarians and omnivores thought that insect consumption is wise and offers a solution to the world’s nutrition problems. In contrast, vegans regarded insect consumption as immoral and irresponsible. Conclusions: Vegans’ weak intention, negative attitude, and low willingness to eat insects in the future exhibit their different dietarian identity compared to that of omnivores and non-vegan vegetarians.
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Niassy, S., H. D. Affognon, K. K. M. Fiaboe, K. S. Akutse, C. M. Tanga, and S. Ekesi. "Some key elements on entomophagy in Africa: culture, gender and belief." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2015.0084.
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Edible insects are a natural renewable food resource and, within the context of food security could be one solution for Africa. Although, entomophagy is still being practiced in Africa, there is a degree of rejection in certain milieu due to negative images associated with insects and poor awareness efforts. In order to understand the key elementsthat govern entomophagy in Africa, we conducted an online survey on edible insects in African countries anddocumented the importance of insects, cultures and believes associated to their use. We eventually looked at genderparticipation in entomophagy. Study showed that insect consumption can be restricted to one tribe, community or toa whole region. Distinct ethnic names of edible insects and their respective host plant presented in this study implythat entomophagy constitutes an important part of community livelihood and can be easily promoted. However, insects are mainly used as complementary food, and in very few occasions, as main food. They are also used for theirmedicinal, aphrodisiac and certain minor dietetic attributes. Insects are also incorporated into feeds for livestock and used as baits in fishing. A gender bias towards women and children was observed in edible insects’ collection and consumption. Although entomophagy holds great future prospects in Africa, there is a need for integration of certain key elements in the global research and development business portfolios of edible insects.
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Ba-Angood, S. A. "Control of cereal aphids on wheat in People's Democratic Republic of Yemen." Insect Science and Its Application 6, no. 2 (April 1985): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400006688.
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AbstractLoss estimates for wheat insects in Africa and Asia have not received adequate attention. However, in PDR of Yemen, pests including insects, diseases, weeds and birds can cause 10™70% loss of wheat crop. Aphids are considered to be the major insect pests of wheat in the country. A survey of indigenous natural enemies has shown that they may contribute to overall aphid control. Sowing date experiments have shown that sowing in November led to higher yields and lower insect infestation than sowing in October and December. The insecticides tested achieved a significant control of aphids and higher yields when compared with unsprayed plots. A single application of malathion or dimethoate before mid-January was recommended for chemical control.
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Mansour, Rramzi, Rim Mkaouar, Kaouthar Grissa Lebdi, Pompeo Suma, and Agatino Russo. "A survey of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) occurring on olives in Tunisia." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 43, no. 3 (September 19, 2011): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2011.315.
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A survey performed in 2009 within 52 Tunisian olive groves, located in 17 different olive-growing sites, revealed the occurrence of six scale insects on olives. The identified species were: the armoured scales Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.), and Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), the soft scales Saissetia oleae (Olivier) and Filippia follicularis (Targioni Tozzetti) and the mealybug species Peliococcus cycliger (Leonardi). The soft scale F. follicularis is a new record for the Tunisian insect fauna. A mong these species, S. oleae was the predominant scale insect occurring throughout olive groves of northeastern Tunisia, whereas the mealybug P. cycliger was by far the most abundant species within olives groves of the Northwest region of Tunisia. However, P. oleae was the least abundant species, being present in only one olive-growing site in northeastern Tunisia. L arvae of the noctuid moth Eublemma scitula (Rambur) were reported feeding on S. oleae and the coccinellid Chilocorus bipustulatus L . was found feeding on both S. oleae and A. nerii. The two hymenopteran species Scutellista cyanea Motschulsky and Metaphycus spp. were recorded as the main parasitoids of S. oleae.
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Shrestha, Mani, Jair Garcia, Justin Chua, Scarlett Howard, Thomas Tscheulin, Alan Dorin, Anders Nielsen, and Adrian Dyer. "Fluorescent Pan Traps Affect the Capture Rate of Insect Orders in Different Ways." Insects 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10020040.
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To monitor and quantify the changes in pollinator communities over time, it is important to have robust survey techniques of insect populations. Pan traps allow for the assessment of the relative insect abundance in an environment and have been promoted by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) as an efficient data collection methodology. It has been proposed that fluorescent pan traps are particularly useful, as it has been suggested that they capture high numbers of insects in an unbiased fashion. We use a simultaneous presentation of fluorescent and non-fluorescent pan trap colours to assess how flower-visiting insects of different orders respond to visual stimuli and reveal a significant interaction between trap fluorescence and captured insect type. In particular, Coleoptera (beetles) and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) were captured significantly more frequently by fluorescent traps, whilst Dipterans (flies) were captured significantly less frequently by this type of pan trap. Hymenopterans (bees and wasps) showed no significant difference in their preference for fluorescent or non-fluorescent traps. Our results reveal that the use of fluorescent pan traps may differently bias insect capture rates when compared to the typical experience of colour flower-visiting insects in natural environments. Correction factors may, therefore, be required for interpreting insect pan trap data collected with different methodologies.
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Ghosh, S., C. Jung, V. B. Meyer-Rochow, and A. Dekebo. "Perception of entomophagy by residents of Korea and Ethiopia revealed through structured questionnaire." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2019.0013.
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A survey involving 329 randomly selected respondents (172 male; 157 female) from Korea and 203 (109 male; 94 female) from Ethiopia has revealed that significantly fewer of the Ethiopian respondents were prepared to accept insects as human food than Koreans did. Vertical transmission of entomophagic knowledge was important for Koreans, but of negligible importance to Ethiopians. In both cultures male subjects were more inclined to accept insects as food. Koreans and Ethiopians would accept cookies containing insect components in preference to other food items with insects, but only 11.1% of the Ethiopians versus 45.6% of the Koreans would be willing to serve a meal containing insects. The results show that the widely held opinion that citizens of industrialised, developed countries were less inclined towards eating insects than inhabitants of poorer, less industrialised, developing countries is not generalizable and therefore is wrong. Reasons for the observed differences in attitudes towards entomophagy between Ethiopians and Koreans appear to be related to history, habits, traditions and familiarity as well as possibly religious beliefs and the channels through which the information on insects as human food reaches the people.
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Garcia, V. A., E. P. Soliman, R. Pavarini, F. J. Zorzenon, E. S. Nomura, and D. S. Rodrigues. "A survey of the entomofauna associated with the inflorescences of pejibaye (Arecaceae: Bactris gasipaes Kunth) in the Ribeira Valley, SP, Brazil." Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 80, no. 1 (March 2013): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-16572013000100017.
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The cultivation of pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) has been expanding in Brazil, especially in the Vale do Ribeira, SP, where the edaphoclimatic condition is compatible with its production. With the purpose of learning about insects that visit the inflorescence of pejibaye, a survey was conducted at Polo Regional do Vale do Ribeira, located in the municipality of Pariquera-açu, SP, Brazil, and on a private property located in the municipality of Registro, SP, areas where selected pejibaye palm trees from Yurimaguas, Peru, are grown. During the month of January of 2006 and 2007, yellow sticky insect traps were placed at the inflorescences of different pejibaye matrices, soon after the bracts opened. The traps were kept throughout female and male anthesis, and removed at the end of the cycle, which lasted for about 72 hours. The 9,743 insects collected were then separated, counted, and identified according to their orders. It was observed that the most frequent insects on the inflorescence of pejibaye palms in the Vale do Ribeira, SP are Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera.
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Cicatiello, Clara, Beatrice De Rosa, Silvio Franco, and Nicola Lacetera. "Consumer approach to insects as food: barriers and potential for consumption in Italy." British Food Journal 118, no. 9 (September 5, 2016): 2271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2016-0015.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitude of Italian consumers towards insect consumption. The use of insects as alternative protein source is claimed to be a solution to the environmental concerns over the production of animal proteins and to food security issues. Studies conducted in other European countries report that consumers are quite resistant to the introduction of insect-based products in their diet, although those who are more concerned about environmental and health show some interest towards insect consumption. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a survey with a 14-item questionnaire on 201 consumers, selected with a systematic sampling within a shopping mall. The factors influencing respondents’ attitude towards insect consumption were studied by means of a logistic regression. Findings Results show that 31 per cent of respondents were willing to try insects as food, while 5 per cent had already tried. Familiarity with foreign food, higher education and gender (male) positively influenced consumer attitude to entomophagy. Instead, the fear of insects and the idea that the taste might be disgusting were the main barriers to the willingness to try entomophagy, although these issues were mainly raised by consumers who had no direct experience with insects eating. Originality/value The paper is a first attempt of exploring the topic of entomophagy in the Italian context. Most of the results were consistent with previous research carried out in other countries. However, some barriers to insect consumption seem to be stronger in Italy than elsewhere.
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Pariyanto, Pariyanto, Reny Dwi Riastuti, and Mifta Nurzorifah. "Keanekaragaman Insekta yang Terdapat di Hutan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu." BIOEDUSAINS: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v2i2.855.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of insects found in the forests of Education and Training at the University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu in Bengkulu Tengah Regency. The method used in this study is the survey method. Observations were made directly to the study site, and sampling was done by exploring the research location. The study was conducted in December-January 2019. The results of the study, insects found in the Forest of Education and Training University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu, Central Bengkulu District were obtained 326 individuals consisting of 13 families with 16 species, namely: Pheropsophus verticalis (Tiger beetle), Tenebrio molitor (Beetle caterpillar), Leptocorisa acuta (Walang sangit), Tibicen linnei (Tonggeret), Dolichovespula sylvestris (Tree wasp), Oecophylla smaragdina (Ant-rang), Dolichoderus thoracicus (Black ant), Tanaecia iapis (Tree wasp), Oecophylla smaragdina (Ant-rangung), Dolichoderus thoracicus (Black ant), Tanaecia iapis (Tree wasp) stoli (black spotted butterfly), Valanga nigricornis (wood grasshopper), Acrida conica (green grasshopper), Gryllus bimaculatus (cricket), Scambophyllumson guinolentum (katydid grasshopper), Gryllotapa orientalis (ground dog), Gryllus bimaculatus (cricket), Scambophyllumson guinolentum (katydid grasshopper), Gryllotapa orientalis (earth dog), Gryllus bimaculatus (cricket), Scambophyllumson guinolentum (grasshopper katydid) Phaenopharos khaoyaiensis (grasshopper twigs). From all Insect families found, a Diversity Index of 1.031 was obtained, indicating that diversity was classified as moderate. The results of measurements of ecological factors in the forest are temperatures ranging from 26oC-31oC and humidity 87% -90%. In conclusion, the level of insect diversity in the forests of Education and Training at the University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu in Bengkulu Tengah Regency is classified as moderate, with the discovery of 13 families and 16 species of insects.
Keywords :diversity, forest, insecta.
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Tamesse, J. L., S. Kekeunou, C. L. Djuideu Tchouamou, and M. J. Meupia. "Villagers’ knowledge of some edible insects in southern Cameroon: crickets, termites, honeybees and cockchafers." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 4, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2017.0077.
Full textAbstract:
With the global meat crisis and the high growth in the human population, alternative sources of protein need to be found in order to ensure food security. Insects are widely recognised as an important source of protein and food for several countries worldwide. We carried out a study of the importance of crickets, termites, honeybees and cockchafers in five divisions of Cameroon: Koung-khi, High Plateaus, Menoua (West Region), Mvila, Dja and Lobo (South Region). A semi-structured survey involving 409 villagers was conducted from December 2014 to February 2015. The results showed that most villagers (71.3%) eat these insects. The highest proportion was obtained for termites (96%), followed by crickets (94%) and cockchafers (87%). Honeybees were the least consumed (17.5%) and villagers reported that it is a dangerous insect because of its venom. Crickets, termites, honeybees and cockchafers are eaten under different preparations and the most cited were fried in oil and braised in fire. These insects are all found on farms mainly during the rainy season. The developmental stages most consumed depended on the insect group: adults for crickets and termites; larvae for cockchafers, and both stages for honeybees. These insects are consumed because of their good taste (74.4%) and their richness in protein (49.6%). Villagers also provided some additional uses of these insects in various domains such as medicine, cultural rites and indigenous traditions. A small proportion of villagers (4%) practised the trade of these edible insects in local markets, with the exception of crickets, and most of them (75%) reported to earn some essential money for their households. The medicinal value of these insects needs to be verified and eventually promoted for widespread use, and their commercial value needs to be improved in a way to optimise the production and trade thereof on a regional scale.
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Sayuthi, Muhammad, Husni Husni, Lukman Hakim, Hasnah Hasnah, Alfian Rusdy, Tjut Chamzurni, and Firdaus Firdaus. "Composition And Biodiversity Of Insect Species In Wheat Cultivation In Gayo Highland." International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 3, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/ijtvbr.v3i1.11356.
Full textAbstract:
The need for wheat in Indonesia continues to increase and reaches 3.9 million tons per year. Around 80% of this requirement are supplied from, Canada, Australia and the United States. Gayo highland that belongs to the territory of Aceh province is potential for wheat plantation in Indonesia. Wheat plantation, however, faces various problems, one of them is pest attack. Various insect species come to wheat plantation and are predicted to get food sources both from vegetative and generative stages. The objectives of this study were to investigate composition and diversity of insect species in wheat plant either in vegetative or generative stages by adopting survey method. The results showed that total insects found in wheat plants were 2,858 individuals covering 13 ordos. Occurrence and diversity of the insects, either in vegetative and generative stages, tend to similar.