Relevant bibliographies by topics / Surveying, instruments

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Surveying, instruments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Surveying, instruments"

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Akramov, I. L., and N. M. Khozhimurodov. "IMPROVING THE USE OF MODERN SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS." American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 02, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/volume02issue10-07.

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At present, the influence modern surveying instruments has increased significantly. Modern surveying tools make the process easier and saves time. The development of territorial production complexes, exploration and development of mineral deposits, design, construction, reconstruction of industrial, agricultural and energy facilities, land reclamation, land management, modern geodetic equipment must be used for urban and agricultural and other tasks.
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NAKAMURA, Yutaka. "Surveying Instruments and Time." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 111, no. 1078 (2008): 758–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.111.1078_758.

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Brooks, Randall C., and William J. Daniels. "Surveying instrument makers of Central Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 1037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-134.

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This paper describes the impetus for the development of a trade in surveying instruments in Central Canada in the 19th and early 20th centuries and compares it with the nautical instrument trade in our developing nation. The careers of several of the known makers are considered and some of the extant instruments made by them are briefly described. The question of the extent that they were makers is also considered. Key words: surveying, instruments, makers, history, Canada, Ontario, Québec, 19th–20th century.
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Bolkas, D., J. Chiampi, J. Chapman, J. Fioti, and V. F. Pavill IV. "CREATING IMMERSIVE AND INTERACTIVE SURVEYING LABORATORIES IN VIRTUAL REALITY: A DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING EXAMPLE." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-5-2020 (August 3, 2020): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-5-2020-9-2020.

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Abstract. Surveying engineering education includes several outdoor laboratories that complement and enhance theoretical concepts taught in class. In addition, outdoor laboratories develop student skills with instruments and surveying techniques. These laboratories are often affected by weather, leading to cancelled laboratories, which reduce the time students spend with instruments and disrupt/delay the academic plan. Furthermore, terrain characteristics are important in surveying, as each terrain and project introduce unique surveying challenges. However, training often takes places in one location, thus, limiting student comprehension and experience on how to use the same instrument and techniques in different terrain conditions. Virtual reality constantly gains ground in education, as it overcomes restrictions of physical laboratories and enhances student learning. This study discusses the development of a leveling laboratory in immersive and interactive virtual reality, as well as the challenges encountered. We have replicated a part of the Penn State Wilkes-Barre campus, where students conduct many of their physical laboratories, in virtual reality with geometric and photorealistic fidelity using remote sensing and photogrammetric methods. Dense point clouds derived from terrestrial laser scanning and small unmanned aerial surveys are used for terrain and man-made object modeling. In addition, we have developed software that simulates surveying instruments, their properties, and user/student interaction with the instrument (e.g., moving the tripod, leveling the level instrument and leveling rod, etc.). This paper demonstrates that by utilizing cutting-edge remote sensing and virtual reality technologies, we can create realistic laboratories that can supplement physical outdoor laboratories and improve/enhance undergraduate instruction of surveying students.
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Rojas, Felipe, and M. J. T. Lewis. "Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome." Classical World 97, no. 2 (2004): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4352858.

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Smith, J. R. "Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome." Survey Review 37, no. 287 (January 2003): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sre.2003.37.287.89.

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KUMAGAI, Kaoru. "About the Surveying Instruments by Light." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 107, no. 1030 (2004): 722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.107.1030_722.

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Cooper, M. A. R. "Surveying instruments and their operating principles." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 48, no. 4 (August 1993): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2716(93)90031-h.

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Landels, John G. (John Gray). "Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome (review)." Technology and Culture 43, no. 2 (2002): 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2002.0068.

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Fawzy, Hossam El-Din. "The Impact of Vibration on the Accuracy of Digital Surveying Instruments." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091264.

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A digital surveying instrument has a crucial and effective role in civil engineering. These digital surveying instruments have contributed to providing quick and simplified solutions to solve many surveying problems: particularly accuracy, saving time, and effort .Therefore, the main objective of this research is the study of the vibrations effect on digital devices efficiency during the observation process, which occur frequently especially when the devices occupy the bridges during observation or when the occupation of the device is set nearby the railways, as well as in construction sites with heavy equipment movement. Although most digital surveying instruments contain a compensator device, this research find out through the experimental test that the effect of vibration on the accuracy of observation results and the noticed errors may extend to many centimeters. In case of using the digital level devices (SOKKIA SDL-30) under exposure to vibration (up to 20 KHZ/Sec), the average error of elevation was 36.9 mm in 80 m distance and the maximum standard deviation elevation error was 18.26 mm. But in the case of using the reflector-less total station (SOKKIA SET330RK) under exposure to vibration (from 7.5 to 15 KHZ/Sec), the average error of positioning was 79.95 mm in 85 m distance and the maximum standard deviation positioning error was 43.41 mm.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Surveying, instruments"

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Brooks, Randall Chapman. "The precision screw in scientific instruments of the 17th-19th centuries : with particular reference to astronomical, nautical and surveying instruments." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8446.

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Published articles have been removed from the Appendices of the electronic copy of this thesis due to third party copyright restrictions. The complete version can be consulted at the University of Leicester Library.
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Andersson, Hugo, and Rebekka Gannholm. "En jämförelse mellan två generationer av GNSS-instrument." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8267.

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Studien undersöker om det är någon skillnad mellan en ny generation av Global Navigation Satellite Systems-instrument (GNSS) vad avser noggrannhet vid positionsbestämning och huruvida det är någon tidsskillnad i användande av de olika instrumenten. I studien jämförs det instrument som används idag av Lantmäteriet, Leica Viva CS15 och GS15, med nyare Trimble GeoExplorer 6000 XR. GeoExplorern kan användas antingen med en inbyggd antenn eller med en extern antenn för att ta emot satellitsignaler. Båda konfigurationerna är undersökta i studien.Studien genomfördes genom att etablera två lokala stomnät med satsmätning, för att få "facit"-punkter att jämföra GNSS-mätningarna mot. Näten transformerades in i SWEREF 99 12 00 med hjälp av statisk GNSS-mätning. Därefter mättes alla punkter i näten in 30 gånger per punkt med vart och ett av GNSS-instrumenten, för att få ett statistiskt säkert underlag.Resultatet visar att Trimble med extern antenn generellt hade minst spridning (0,009-0,020 meter i dolt nät och 0,008-0,013 meter i öppet nät) men den hade överlag ett något större avstånd från "facit"-punkten än Leican (0,016-0,088 meter i dolt nät och 0,032-0,054 meter i öppet nät). Leica-instrumentet hade istället mer spridning (0,021-0,142 meter i dolt nät och 0,014-0,032 meter i öppet nät) men mindre avvikelse från "facit"-punkten (0,006-0,076 meter i dolt nät och 0,019-0,059 meter i öppet nät). Trimble med intern antenn hade störst spridning (0,021-0,038 meter i dolt nät och 0,013-0,048 meter i öppet nät) och avvek också mest från "facit"-punkten (0,026-0,083 meter i dolt nät och 0,024-0,068 meter i öppet nät).En tidsstudie genomfördes också genom att mäta tiden det tog från att instrumentet var påslaget tills att det var färdigt att mätas med, det vill säga tills initieringen var färdig. Tidsstudien resulterade i att Leica Viva var i genomsnitt 12 % snabbare då omgivningen var fri från hinder, och i genomsnitt 21 % snabbare då närområdet var bevuxet med träd och buskar.Slutsatsen av projektet är att instrumenten är likvärdiga vad gäller kvalitet på mätningar och tidsåtgång. Den stora skillnaden finner vi i vikt och tyngdpunkt på instrumenten, där Trimble med intern antenn har den lägsta vikten.
This study examines whether there is any difference in a new generation of Global Navigation Satellite System instruments (GNSS) in the accuracy of positioning and whether there is any time difference when using the different instruments. The study compares the instruments used today by Lantmäteriet, the Leica Viva CS15 and the GS15, with the Trimble GeoExplorer 6000 XR. The GeoExplorer can be used either with an integrated or an external antenna to receive satellite signals, both configurations are investigated in this study. The study was carried out by establishing two core networks with set measurements, to obtain "true" coordinates to compare against the measurements made with the GNSS-instruments. The networks were transformed into SWEREF 99 12 00 using static GNSS surveying. Then each point was measured 30 times by each of the GNSS instruments, in order to get statistically reliable data. The result shows that Trimble with an external antenna generally had the best precision (0,009-0,020 meters in the shrouded network and 0,008-0,013 meters in the open network) but had less accuracy (0,016-0,088 meters in the shrouded network and 0,032-0,054 meters in the open network), in other words a greater distance from the "true" coordinate. The Leica instrument had a lower precision (0,021-0,142 meters in the shrouded network and 0,014-0,032 meters in the open network), but better accuracy (0,006-0,076 meters in the shrouded network and 0,019-0,059 meters in the open network). Trimble with the internal antenna had the lowest precision (0,021-0,038 meters in the shrouded network and 0,013-0,048 meters in the open network) and accuracy (0,026-0,083 meters in the shrouded network and 0,024-0,068 meters in the open network). A time course study was also conducted by measuring the time it took from the point where the instrument was turned on, to when the initialization was completed. The result of the time study was that the Leica Viva was about 12 percent faster when the environment was free of obstacles, and around 21 percent faster when the immediate area was more forest like with trees and bushes. The conclusion of the project is that the instruments are equivalent in terms of quality of measurements and time. The big difference is found in the weight and center of gravity of the instruments, where Trimble with internal antenna has the lowest weight.
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Oliveira, Samuel Almeida Santos de. "Comparação entre perfis altimétricos de cartas do IGC e IBGE com instrumentos de precisão na Fazenda Experimental Lageado - Botucatu - SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153752.

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A atividade agrícola tem importância significativa na economia, justificando diversas pesquisas que busquem a aquisição de informações e desenvolvimento de tecnologias para que os processos envolvidos sejam mais eficientes. A topografia, geodésia e geoprocessamento têm sido utilizados de forma crescente e de diversas formas, tanto para monitoramento, quanto para planejamento na gestão agronômica e dos recursos naturais. O presente trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, em Botucatu-SP e teve por objetivo aferir cartas do IGC e IBGE em comparação com equipamentos de alta precisão, nas quais foram confeccionadas linhas de perfis altimétricos e interpolação dos valores de altimetria. A geoestatística foi utilizada para uma interpolação com predição de erros, na qual os semi-variogramas e a validação cruzada permitiram analisar a correlação espacial e variância dos dados estimados. Como resultados foram obtidos mapas de altimetria, declividade e respectivos residuais altimétricos absolutos para a mensuração da confiabilidade de cartas na classificação de relevo, como também, o uso de cartas para traçado de limites de confrontações naturais, como linhas de cumeada e grota. Pôde-se concluir que não é confiável utilizar as cartas para determinação de limites de confrontação natural como linhas de cumeadas e grotas para certificação de cadastro de registro de imóveis.
The agriculture has a significant importance in economy, demanding several researches that allow information acquisition and technology development aiming an enhancing of the processes involved. Land surveying, geodetic sciences and geoprocessing have been more applied, and in different ways for land monitoring, soil and nature resources management. The present essay was developed on the Experimental Farm Fazenda Experimental Lageado Botucatu – SP, Brazil and aimed an altimetry analysis of IGC and IBGE contour maps with accurate instruments as parameters, in which altimetry profile lines and interpolation of the altitude values were made. The kriging process was used, likewise the semi variogram model, and further the cross validation was made to achieve a known function for the altimetry value’s estimation, spatial correlation and value of variance. Digital elevation models, slope maps and the respective absolute altimetry residuals were made to measure the reliability of the IGC and IBGE contour maps as well as its usefulness for obtaining land topography and natural boundary from gardenbed or flume. It was concluded that the IGC and IBGE contour maps are not reliable for obtaining natural boundary from gardenbed or flume for certification of land registry in Brazil, although IGC contour maps were fine enough for morphometric analysis of small basins. IBGE contour maps as last option could be used for bigger basins analysis.
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Eketorp, Samuel, and Bromhed Stefan Sundin. "Tidpunkten för marköverlåtelser som styrinstrument vid kommunala markanvisningar : En jämförelse av förfaranden som tillämpas i Örebro och Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19840.

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Denna studie har gjorts i syfte att utreda vilka effekter som kommun, byggherre och bank upplever då en exploateringsfastighet överlåts till en byggherre först efter att byggnationer påbörjats inom ramen för en kommunal markanvisning. Studien har gjorts på förslag av Gävle kommun som sökt svar på om en överlåtelsetidpunkt efter byggstart kan vara ett instrument att uppnå rätt resultat då exploatering görs på kommunalt ägd mark.   För att belysa effekterna har studien gjorts genom jämförelse av hur aktörer upplever förfarandet som tillämpas av Örebro kommun med hur aktörer upplever förfarandet som tillämpas av Gävle kommun. I Örebro kommun genomförs marköverlåtelsen till byggherren först efter att byggnationer påbörjats på fastigheten. I Gävle kommun sker normalt överlåtelsen innan byggstart även om svävarvillkor ibland förekommer vilket fördröjer byggherrens möjlighet att erhålla lagfart.   För att förstå hur aktörerna kommun, byggherre och bank upplever effekterna har (1) semi-strukturerade, kvalitativa telefonintervjuer gjorts med aktörer på respektive orter. (2) Avtal om markanvisning har granskats för att förstå hur kommunerna reglerar sina respektive överlåtelsetidpunkter.   Resultatet visar att tidpunkten för exploateringsfastighetens överlåtelse kan användas som instrument att förhindra spekulation med kommunalt ägd mark. Resultatet visar också att mindre byggherrar behöver mer egna medel för att klara ökade kostnader i exploateringsprocessens tidiga skeden som följd av att byggnationer behöver påbörjas innan finansiering genom byggnadskreditiv finns på plats. Av de svar som erhållits från banker indikeras att tidpunkten som sådan inte har någon betydelse för bankens möjlighet att ställa ut ett byggnadskreditiv, så länge banken kan erbjudas tillräcklig säkerhet. Utöver panträtt i fast egendom kan vissa banker godta en moderbolagsborgen som säkerhet.   Som medel att förhindra markspekulation kan också köpets bestånd göras beroende av att byggnationer påbörjas på exploateringsfastigheten. I det fallet påbörjas överlåtelseprocessen innan byggstart med ett giltigt köpekontrakt och panträtt kan upplåtas i fastigheten med den lagfarna ägarens medgivande. Det kommunala målet att säkerställa rätt resultat förefaller snarare vara beroende av kommunala förvaltningars samordning och hur exploateringsprocessen bedrivs i sin helhet.
This study has been conducted to investigate how municipalities, developers and banks perceive the effects of having to commence construction as a prerequisite for vesting of the real estate to be developed, within the scope of municipal land allocations. The municipality of Gävle suggested the study as they sought to establish if the time of vestment, as an activity in the land developing process, could be used as an instrument to ensure the correct results of such a process.   The study was conducted as a comparison between the municipalities of Gävle and Örebro and how stakeholders in the respective areas perceive the effects. In the municipality of Örebro real estate is vested to the developer once construction work on the property has commenced. In the municipality of Gävle the real estate is normally vested prior to commencement of construction work. In some cases, however, full ownership rights are delayed by means of contractual conditions requiring the developer to commence construction work for the contract to become fully valid, and thus allowing the developer to receive the title deed.   To understand how the stakeholders municipality, developers and banks perceive the effects, (1) semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews have been conducted across the mentioned stakeholder groups in both locations. (2) Contracts of land allocation have been studied to understand how the time of vesting is regulated by both municipalities.   The results show that the time of vesting of the real estate to be developed can be used as an instrument to prevent speculation with publicly owned property. The results also show that small scale land developers require more funds to cope with increased costs that result from the inability to receive building loans using the real estate as security for such funding. Interview answers from banks imply that the time of vesting the real estate to be developed is of no importance to them as long as sufficient security can be offered towards building loan funding. Apart from liens in real estate, parent company guarantees were mentioned as a possible alternative.   As a means to prevent land speculation, contract clauses delaying the title deed to be transferred until commencement of construction, may be used. In this case the vesting process is initiated prior to commencement of construction using a valid contract, and a lien in the real estate to be developed can be offered to the bank with the permission of the municipality as the title deed holder. The aim of the municipality to ensure the correct results of the development process appears to be more dependent on how the council boards interact and how the land development process is carried out in its entirety.
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Li, Jian-Zhang, and 李建樟. "Methodologies and Implementation of Digital Archives for Surveying Instruments and Mapping Relics." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66509674183276427671.

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碩士
國防大學理工學院
空間科學碩士班
100
This study aims to use general digital camera to digital archives of the surveying and mapping instruments and relics collection. Object virtual reality and photogrammetry are two models to implementation of image processing for archives; As the image quality depends on the photographic equipment, we use different focal length lens in the study. The results of the two models with the lens parameters are analyzed and discussed. The object virtual reality records three-dimensional objects as simple images and shows intuitively with cross-platform interactions. However, there is no detailed spatial information on the records; photogrammetry is well-documented surface textures of objects with availability of real object space coordinate geometry. When taken in a 1:1 ratio, the measurement accuracy or up to about 0.0055mm. As surveying and mapping relics are mostly three-dimensional objects, the recommended model for archives of cultural relics is photogrammetric one. We can also integrate object virtual reality images to meet the different needs of collection purpose. In particular, macro photogrammetry developed in this study can be applied to small objects in special needs for reference.
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Jui-WenKao and 高瑞彣. "Analysis of Constraints and Standard Operating Procedures for Automatic Deformation Monitoring by Surveying Instruments." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06096874254138934833.

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Lin, John, and 林翰. "The evolution of B2B Marketing in China Surveying Instrument Industry: A Case Study of Taiwan Instrument Group." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82550643967246764191.

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碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
96
In this thesis, we have taken “H Company” in china, established by the founder of “Taiwan instrument Group”, as a study case. Prior to the establishment of “H Company” in china, the business model of “Taiwan instrument Group” was the import of surveying measure into Taiwan, and the sales and services of these instruments, without any investments in the manufacturing of these instruments. Even without manufacturing capability, “H Company” was able to create sufficient competitive advantages to expand the business rapidly in china for some time. The theme of this study is (1) to observe how the strategies developed by “H Company” was influenced by the rapid changes of the B2B market and the other environmental factors in China, (2) to analyze the surveying instrument market in china and the changes of the competitive advantages of “H Company”, (3) to give some suggestions for “H Company” in the future. After analyzing with “Retrospective Longitudinal Approach” and “Case Study Approach”, four research propositions has been indentified: 1.In the early stage, compared to other foreign companies and local companies, Taiwanese companies have the advantages due to similar language and culture compared to foreign companies, while possessing superior marketing and business strategies compared to the local companies. 2.H Company could only maintain the competitive advantages from the model of exclusive distributorship for a limited time period. 3.By using the Transaction Cost Theory, one can explain the different transaction costs to gain the competitive advantages in different stages. As the market matures and becomes more efficient and transparent, competition will intensify, thereby reducing information searching cost, increasing the importance of explicit cost, moral transaction cost, and switching cost. 4.In a short run, competitive advantages due to successful strategies of place, price and promotion can overcome short comings of the product competitiveness, but in the long run, but competitive advantages from the product will be key factor to ensure long term success. The finding of the thesis is that difference transaction costs has to be considered in different competitive stages, and designing/manufacturing one’s own brand of products with good quality in the surveying instrument industry in China will be the next step for “H Company” to grow and evolve from its past business model of distributor.
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Books on the topic "Surveying, instruments"

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Shetty, Sundar. Navigational and surveying instruments. Washington, DC: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 1994.

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Shetty, Sundar. Navigational and surveying instruments. Washington, DC: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 1994.

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Nadolinets, Leonid, Eugene Levin, and Daulet Akhmedov. Surveying Instruments and Technology. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315153346.

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M, Kennie T. J., and Petrie G, eds. Engineering surveying technology. Glasgow: Blackie A & P, 1993.

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M, Kennie T. J., and Petrie G, eds. Engineering surveying technology. Glasgow: Blackie, 1990.

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Smart, Charles E. The makers of surveying instruments in America since 1700. Mansfield Centre, Conn: Martino Pub., 2004.

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Lajos, Fialovszky, ed. Surveying instruments and their operational principles. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Miller, Robert C. Burt's solar compass: Its conception, development, manufacturing, marketing and daily use. Lansing, Mich: Michigan Society of Professional Surveyors Institute, 2011.

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W. & L.E. Gurley., ed. A manual of American engineers & surveyors instruments. Mendham, N.J: Astragal Press, 1993.

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Dmitrievich, Bolʹshakov Vasiliĭ, ed. Radiogeodezicheskie i ėlektroopticheskie izmerenii͡a︡. Moskva: "Nedra", 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Surveying, instruments"

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Gay, Paul. "Surveying Instruments." In Practical Boundary Surveying, 53–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07158-9_5.

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McDonnell, Porter W. "Linear Measurements: EDM Instruments." In The Surveying Handbook, 67–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2067-2_5.

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McDonnell, Porter W. "Linear Measurements—EDM Instruments." In The Surveying Handbook, 109–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1188-2_4.

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Fish, Robert J. "The Planetable: Instruments and Methods." In The Surveying Handbook, 533–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2067-2_22.

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Fish, Robert J. "The Planetable: Instruments and Methods for Topographic Surveys and Construction Layout." In The Surveying Handbook, 728–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1188-2_21.

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Bolognesi, Cecilia Maria, Eva-Lotta Kurkinen, and Per Andersson. "Digital Tools for Fast Mapping of Buildings." In Innovative Tools and Methods Using BIM for an Efficient Renovation in Buildings, 51–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04670-4_4.

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AbstractWhile the construction sector embraces digitalization, new technologies related to it are spreading benefits. The need of creating a 3D model of a building, a digital copy of something existing, is not new. Mediated by the advent of photographic and laser instrumentation, the construction of a digital model has crossed the fields of surveying with increasing accuracy and precision, imposing standards of capturing the existing first and modelling then ever higher. But while the Building Information Modelling allows a virtual representation of the existing asset enriching its geometry with precious and significant information related to its properties, advanced survey has always faced the impossibility to break the surface of the building, surveying what is inside walls, thus excluding what necessary should be contained within a BIM model. Also, BIM models do not consider the real-time component and do not report the real-time behaviour of the building. In this chapter we will investigate several technologies and instruments exploited till now for the surveying and positioning of existing buildings, plants included, and a new toolkit based on AR that, coupled with sensors and visualisation tools developed by BIM4EEB, offers many advantages when surveying the whole building.
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Mahun, Gerald W. "Instrument Adjustments." In The Surveying Handbook, 140–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2067-2_8.

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Mahun, Gerald W. "Instrument Adjustments." In The Surveying Handbook, 210–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1188-2_7.

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Hoffarth, Britta. "Sexist Hate Speech as Subjectivation: Challenges in Media Education." In Palgrave Studies in Educational Media, 69–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84343-4_4.

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AbstractThis chapter is dedicated to exploring the practice of sexism—in the sense of sexist hate speech—in digital media and its discursive relationship to theories of subjectivation and education. While I do not approach the issue via the concept of discourse in a formal analytical sense, I reference a Foucauldian view of language drawing on theories of discourse and identifying language and speaking as instruments of power and knowledge. After surveying the current state of digitisation and media education, I will use examples of sexist hate speech to examine the relevance of the gendered orders in force in media and beyond and illuminate a gap in theories of media education in terms of their neglect of the analysis of power relations.
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Hadler, Markus, Beate Klösch, Stephan Schwarzinger, Markus Schweighart, Rebecca Wardana, and David Neil Bird. "Introduction." In Surveying Climate-Relevant Behavior, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85796-7_1.

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AbstractThis introduction offers an overview of our research approach, discusses the connection between sociology and climate research, and presents our two research aims. In substantive terms, we address the question of which behaviors are of climate relevance, who is engaging in these behaviors, in which contexts do these behaviors occur, and which individual perceptions and values are related to them. In terms of research methods, we focus on the measurement of climate-relevant behaviors using population surveys. Our goal in this regard is to develop an instrument that allows a valid estimate of an individual’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with as few questions as possible.
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Conference papers on the topic "Surveying, instruments"

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Piok, Thomas, Andreas M. Walser, Ernst Ramseier, and Jürg Hinderling. "Surveying and laser safety - Scanning instruments." In ILSC® 2017: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference. Laser Institute of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5056890.

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Saji, Anju, Risana Shajahan, Judin Jose, Suja Paulose, Nisha M. Sasi, and Banjo C. Babu. "Land Surveying Robot." In 2nd International Conference on Modern Trends in Engineering Technology and Management. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.160.32.

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A land survey is a detailed study or observation of a land, in detail it analyses the data’s in supporting of planning, designing and land surveying is also used to find out the property boundaries. This information’s are collected through continuous observations, field measuring or research of legal instruments. This paper discusses about land surveying using a robot. Here a robot is a used to calculate the area of land which is divided into subplots. In current scenario for calculating the area of the land the surveyor has to use different instruments to obtain the land measurements. We are designing these robots keeping in mind the current complexities in land surveying techniques. This robot will help in reducing the carrying of different tools for land surveying. The robot can be operated easily and consume less time for the calculating the area of a given plot. With the help of a camera module the navigation of the robot can be easily made. The proposed system can be give accurate value of area of particular land and can be easily implemented and operated. The information of the land survey can be obtained with the help of IoT.
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Jiang, Xiu-Zhen, Wenxian Chen, and Yanzhou Zhou. "Application of force-balance sensor in surveying instruments of refrigerator thermostat skip switches." In Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments, edited by Li Zhu. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.156377.

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Smith, Steven K. "Uncertainty of Angle Measurements Made with Theodolites: What ISO 17123-3 and Does Not Mean." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.05.

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Uncertainty of Angle Measurements Made with Theodolites: What ISO 17123-3 Does and Does Not Mean. The ISO 17123-3 standard is in wide use in the surveying industry. It’s used to allow customers and manufacturers to compare instruments such as theodolites, transits and total stations, according to a consensus standard with international credibility. The result of the ISO 17123-3 test is also often used in manufacturer’s spec sheets as the “Angle Accuracy” for the instruments. This however, can be easily misinterpreted as the “uncertainty of the angle measurement made with the instrument.” This is not the intent of the standard, and making this assumption will usually cause one to underestimate the measurement uncertainty.
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BOLOGNESI, CECILIA MARIA, and Martina Signorini. "DIGITAL TWINS: COMBINED SURVEYING PRAXIS FOR MODELLING." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12137.

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While the construction sector embraces the digitalization, new technologies are spreading and are generating benefits. The need of creating a 3D model of the reality, in particular of the built asset, is not new. The Building Information Modelling, a process that gives a great contribution in improving project quality, reducing errors, avoiding uncertainties and enhancing collaboration, allows a virtual representation of the existing asset enriching its geometry with precious and significant information related to its properties. Despite BIM benefits, BIM models do not take into account the real-time component and do not report the real-time behaviour of the building. Digital twin, the virtual copy of an object, instead creates a real-time virtual twin of the physical asset considering this ingredient and reproducing how the building behaves. The paper starts right from the investigation of the Digital Twin concepts and its main features and proceeds with an analysis of several technologies and instruments exploited till now for the surveying and positioning of existing buildings. In addition, a new toolkit based on AR and coupled with sensors and visualisation tool developed by xxx, an ongoing H2020 project, is presented to show its main advantages when it comes to representing the virtual copy of an existing building.
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Al-Tahir, Raid, and Travis Barran. "EARTHWORK VOLUMETRICS WITH UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/klnq8966.

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The recent evolution of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as measuring instruments has become attractive for many surveying applications in civil engineering including the volumetric computations of earthworks in the construction of a highway. The application of softcopy photogrammetry to UAV acquired imagery has the potential to reduce data acquisition costs, time and with suitable accuracy for earthworks mapping and volumetrics. Their performance, however, is not well understood for these applications. This investigation tests the ability of the UAVs and photogrammetric software to generate volumes for the layers of material used in road construction, as well as to analyse their accuracies and limitations. Specifically, this study assesses the feasibility of UAV-based surveying in generating volumes for general earthworks in highway/road construction. Additionally, the study compares the performance of UAV-based surveying to that of Total Station surveying. Performance is evaluated along the required time for image acquisition and generating the final products, the required personnel and overall cost of survey. A segment of the Churchill Roosevelt Extension to Manzanilla was used in the assessment.
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Sauthoff, Anni, Paul Köchert, Günther Prellinger, Tobias Meyer, Frank Pilarski, Stephanie Weinrich, Frank Schmaljohann, et al. "Two multi-wavelength interferometers for large-scale surveying." In 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13635.

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Deformation monitoring requires the detection of smallest changes, always at the limits of technical feasibility. Trying to push these limits further, we have realised two terrestrial ranging instruments: a long-range 1D electro-optic distance meter and a 3D multilateration-capable sensor system of 50 m range. The former one is intended as primary standard for the calibration of geodetic instrumentation with low uncertainty to the SI definition of the metre. The latter one is intended for monitoring larger monuments like VLBI antennas. In this contribution, we describe the technical challenges and our solutions for such instrumentation. We use the two-colour method for inline refractive index compensation. As common optical source, we developed a versatile multi-wavelength generator based on two Nd:YAG lasers stabilised by a phase-locked loop realised by Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The 1D interferometer uses custom-designed achromatic optics and a mechanical frame optimised for form stability under field conditions. The phase demodulation system allows for maximum range flexibility from several meters up to several kilometres. The base ranging unit of the 3D multilateration system adheres to a different demodulation technique, which allows a relatively simple interferometer head design. This approach requires a sophisticated source modulation scheme limiting the applicability to distances over 15 m up to approximately 50 m in our case.
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Li, Rong, Jianhui Zhao, and Fan Li. "Accuracy improvements of gyro-based measurement-while-drilling surveying instruments by a laser testing method." In International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2009, edited by Farzin Amzajerdian, Chun-qing Gao, and Tian-yu Xie. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.835279.

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Artese, Serena, José Luis Lerma, Giuseppe Zagari, and Raffaele Zinno. "THE SURVEY, THE REPRESENTATION AND THE STRUCTURAL MODELING OF A DATED BRIDGE." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3559.

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The in opera concrete bridges characterize often the landscapes crossed by old roads and railways. In particular the arch bridges represent a product of human genius and, in some cases, of his art. In the last few years, at the SmartLab laboratory of the University of Calabria, there were developed activities in the field of surveying, monitoring and representation of structures. In the framework of these activities, Geomatics techniques for the surveying of bridges are widely used since 2014. The results of the measurements are used for documentation and representation purposes, as well as for the reconstruction of the constructive procedures. The finite element modeling of the structures has been obtained to simulate their behavior in case of earthquake. This article describes the activities relating to a bridge dated back to the 50s of the twentieth century: it is an arch bridge made of reinforced concrete. The surveying is aimed to determine the exact reconstruction of the geometry, the identification of the foundation settlement as well as the Finite Element Modeling (FEM) in order to allow structural identification and reverse engineering process. The instruments and techniques used for surveying and modeling operations, along with the deviations between models and "as built" are described.
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Carvel, Iain, Richard D. Gunn, Christopher H. Orr, and Robin Strange. "A Practical Approach to Proving Waste Metals Suitable for Consignment as Radiologically Exempt Materials." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59266.

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Building 220 at Harwell was built by the Ministry of Works as a Radiochemical Research and Development facility in the latter part of the 1940’s. The facility has been operational since 1949 and has been extended several times, most notably the Plutonium Glove Box Wing in the 1950’s and the Remote Handling Wing in the 1980’s. Only the Remote Handling wing remains operational, processing Historic Waste which is being recovered from storage holes elsewhere on site. The remainder of the facility is undergoing progressive strip out and decommissioning. In the Plutonium Wing and associated areas the waste ‘fingerprint’ (nuclide vector) consists predominately of alpha emitting radionuclides. Decommissioning and Decontamination (D&D) operations often result in the production of large volumes of scrap metal waste with little or no radioactive contamination. Proving that the waste is clean can be costly and time consuming, as the shape and size of the metallic waste items often means that it is difficult or impossible to monitor all surfaces using conventional hand-held survey meters. This is a particular problem for alpha contamination measurement. Traditional radiological surveying techniques are very labour intensive and involve surveyors checking every surface using hand held instruments and smear sampling the hard to access areas. Even then 100% monitoring cannot be guaranteed. An alternative to traditional methods is the Long Range Alpha Detection (LRAD) technique which remotely detects and measures secondary ionization created in air by alpha particle interactions, allowing extremely low levels of alpha contamination to be measured. A survey system, IonSens®, using the LRAD technique, was developed by BNFL Instruments Ltd (now Babcock Nuclear) which allows rapid surveying of scrap metal for alpha contamination at very low levels. Two versions of this system exist but both essentially comprise a measurement chamber into which scrap metal is placed and sealed while a measurement is carried out. Research Sites Restoration Ltd (RSRL) has purchased an IonSens® system with a single 2m long measurement chamber. This instrument is optimised for clearance monitoring of pipework of up to 150mm diameter. Testing and use of support baskets has enabled the instrument to be used as a clearance monitor for a wide range of metallic waste including hand tools. This paper illustrates how the instrument, and a robust consignment procedure, has been used to justify the clearance of several tonnes of metal wastes for recycling rather than paying for disposal of this material as low level waste.
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Reports on the topic "Surveying, instruments"

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L51574 Non-Conventional Means for Monitoring Pipelines in Areas of Soil Subsidence or Soil Movement. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010329.

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Examines non-conventional techniques for monitoring curvatures, displacement, or strains in buried pipelines. Internal devices, external devices, and fiber optic techniques were examined. Feasibility of each system is discussed and the most promising are identified. Two companion studies 'Guidelines Pipeline Strain Monitoring by Conventional Means' (Reference 1) and 'A Proposed Model for the Intervention Decision Making Process in Pipeline Movement Situations' (Reference 2) have already been completed, and an effort to determine appropriate failure criteria for pipelines in areas of soil instability is currently underway. The objective of this study is to describe methods of pipeline monitoring which are, for the most part, still in the conceptual and/or development phases. It is very likely that the techniques described herein will require extensive validation efforts and significant financial support before they will become reliable tools for routine use Improved pipeline strain monitoring techniques are needed because the conventional techniques (strain gages, inclinometers, and topographical surveying) meet all of the industry's needs. The conventional techniques are expensive, labor intensive, and require access to the pipeline for installation . As such they are limited in use to localized trouble spots that are known to be a problem. None of these techniques could be practically applied to a whole pipeline for any-time monitoring. Techniques that will better satisfy the industry's needs must be adequately sensitive, applicable to the whole pipeline, available at all times (or at least at reasonably frequent intervals), and capable of use without the need to excavate the pipeline or to interfere with its operation.Several non-conventional techniques for monitoring curvatures, displacements, or strains in buried pipelines that may meet these requirements are discussed herein. These fall into three generic classes: internal devices (instrumented pigs), external devices (involving moving a detecting device over the pipeline right-of-way), fiber-optic cables attached to the pipeline over its entire length.
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