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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Survival. eng'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Tanaka, Fábio Yoshio. "Estudo da viabilidade celular comparando os meios de conservação para enxerto ósseo de calota craniana : análise microscópica e imunoistoquímica em ratos /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101040.

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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade celular comparando os meios de conservação para enxerto ósseo. A preservação de células viáveis em procedimentos de enxerto ósseo é de fundamental importância para que se tenha a osteogênese. Foram utilizados 43 ratos machos. Após a antissepsia do campo operatório foi realizada incisão linear na região mediana da calota craniana para obtenção do enxerto da região parietal direita e esquerda as quais foram removidas com auxílio de trefina de 5mm de diâmetro acoplada em micro-motor de baixa rotação, sob constante irrigação com solução de soro fisiológico 0,9% estéril. As peças do enxerto foram acondicionadas em tubos de ensaio estéreis os quais foram devidamente identificadas de acordo com o grupo e mantidas dentro deste tubo conforme cada condição do grupo. Como meio de conservação da viabilidade celular do enxerto foi utilizado o soro fisiológico a 0,9% (Grupo I) e a solução de Euro Collins® (Grupo II) e ainda para verificar se a temperatura tem influência direta na manutenção da viabilidade celular foi analisado o enxerto ósseo conservado em temperatura ambiente (Grupo III) e o enxerto ósseo sem nenhuma solução, porém mantido em gelo (GrupoIV). Para avaliar a viabilidade celular foi utilizada análise histológica e imunoistoquímica imediata e ainda em cada grupo analisou-se a viabilidade celular no período de 6 horas, 12 horas, 24 horas e 30 horas. Como resultado observou-se que a solução de Euro Collins® apresentou-se superior ao soro fisiológico no que se diz respeito à manutenção da viabilidade celular do enxerto ósseo onde se pode notar viabilidade celular até o período de 30 horas.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze cellular viability comparing storage media for skull vault bone graft. Preservation of viable cells in bone graft procedures is of paramount importance to obtain osteogenesis. Forty-three male used in this study. After antisepsis of the operative field, a linear incision was made on the middle region of the skull vault to obtain a bone graft from the right and left parietal areas. The grafts were removed with a 5-mm diameter trephine bur coupled to low-speed handpiece under continuous irrigation with sterile 0.9% saline. The graft pieces were placed in sterile 5-mL test tubes with caps, and were properly identified according to the group and maintained inside the test tubes as per each group conditions. The storage media evaluated for preservation of graft cellular viability were 0.9% saline (Group I) and Euro Collins® solution (Group II). In order to assess whether the temperature has a direct influence on the maintenance of cellular viability, the analysis was extended to bone grafts stored at room temperature (Group III) and bone grafts with no solution, but maintained in ice (Group IV). Cellular viability was evaluated by immediate histological and immunohistochemical analyses. For each group, cellular viability was analyzed at 6, 12, 24 and 30 hours after procedure. The results of this study showed that Euro Collins® solution yielded better performance than 0.9% saline as regards the maintenance of bone graft cellular viability (up to 30 hours).
Orientador: Tetuo Okamoto
Coorientador: Roberta Okamoto
Banca: Luis Eduardo Marques Padovan
Banca: Hugo Nery Filho
Banca: Celso Koogi Sonoda
Banca: Idelmo Rangel Garcia Júnior
Banca: Wilson Roberto Poi
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Zuque, Maria Angelina da Silva. "Caracterização do atendimento multiprofissional a pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS em Três Lagoas (MS), com ênfase na adesão à terapia antirretroviral potente combinada /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89973.

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Orientador: Carlos Magno Castelo Branco
Banca: Ricardo Augusto Monteiro de Barros Almeida
Banca: Rosely Morales de Figueiredo
Resumo: Quase três décadas após o primeiro diagnóstico no Brasil, a aids demonstra tendência contínua de interiorização, com aumento da incidência em pequenos municípios. A implantação de Serviços de Atendimento Especializado (SAE's) foi marco importante para o sucesso das ações programáticas em cidades de pequeno porte. Curiosamente, a maior parte dos estudos epidemiológicos e de avaliação dos serviços tem sido realizada em grandes centros urbanos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar o atendimento multiprofissional a pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) realizado no SAE de Três Lagoas (MS), uma cidade de aproximadamente 100.000 habitantes. A autora estava especialmente interessada em aspectos relacionados à adesão à Terapia Antirretroviral Potente e Combinada (TARV), condição essencial para redução de morbidade e mortalidade de PVHA. Dois estudos foram realizados. No primeiro (Estudo No.1), foram analisados prontuários e fichas de notificação de 356 pacientes admitidos entre 1984 e 2005, para avaliar características demográficas. Os dados foram analisados para dois períodos: 1984-1995, fase em que a TARV não era utilizada na prática clínica (pré-TARV); e 1996 e depois (pós-TARV), quando a introdução de novos medicamentos permitiu a utilização da TARV no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Realizou-se também análise de sobrevida, para avaliar o impacto da disponibilização da TARV e de outros fatores sobre o prognóstico dos pacientes. O Estudo No.2 teve delineamento quali-quantitativo, e baseou-se em entrevistas com 55 pacientes e sete profissionais da saúde de diversas categorias. Os resultados do Estudo No.1 demonstraram que dois terços dos pacientes foram admitidos no período pós-TARV. Nessa fase, aumentaram os casos no sexo feminino (22,0% para 36,2%, p=0,02) e em pessoas com escolaridade inferior a ensino fundamental completo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Nearly three decades after the first diagnosis in Brazil, AIDS demonstrates the continuing trend of internalization, with increasing incidence in small towns. Deployment of Specialized Care Services (SCS) was important to the success of Brazilian aids program in small cities. Interestingly, most epidemiological studies and evaluation of services have been conducted in large urban centers. This study aimed to characterize the multidisciplinary care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) held at SCS in Três Lagoas (State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), a city of about 100,000 inhabitants. The author was especially interested in aspects related to adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), an essential condition for reducing morbidity and mortality among PLWHA. Two studies were conducted. In the first study (Study #1), the author analyzed medical records and notification forms for 356 patients admitted between 1984 and 2005 in order to assess demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed for two periods: 1984-1995, a phase in which HAART was not used in clinical practice (pre-HAART) and 1996 and later (post-HAART), when the introduction of new drugs has allowed the use of HAART in the Brazilian Public Health System. Survival analysis was applied to assess the impact of the availability of HAART and other factors on the prognosis of patients. Study #2 had a qualitative and quantitative design. The author interviewed 55 patients and seven health professionals from various categories. The results of Study #1 showed that two thirds of patients were admitted in the post-HAART period. At this stage, cases increased in females (22.0% to 36.2%, p=0.02) and among people with less than eight years of schooling (61.3% to 72.3%, p<0.001 ). The mortality risk was lower for patients admitted in the post-HAART (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.31, 95% Confidence Interval[CI] = 0.22 to 0.45,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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3

Cardoso, Sandra Regina de Sousa 1973. "Morfogênese de ninhos iniciais de atta spp. (Hymenoptera: formicidae), mortalidade em condições naturais e avaliação da ação de fungos entomopatogênicos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105448.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Forti
Banca: Carlos Frederico Wilcken
Banca: Ana Paula Protti de Andrade Crusciol
Banca: Aldenise Alves Moreira
Banca: Sandra Verza da Silva
Resumo: As formigas cortadeiras são consideradas pragas importantes para diversas plantas cultivadas, o que exige constante controle. No entanto, a mortalidade natural de colônias iniciais de Atta spp é alta, alcançando até 100%, no primeiro ano de fundação. Dentre vários fatores os micro-organismos patógenos são apontados como um dos responsáveis por tal mortalidade. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo: (1) estudar a morfogênese dos ninhos iniciais em função do tempo de fundação essas espécies; (2) avaliar a taxa de mortalidade de rainhas de Atta bisphaerica e Atta sexdens rubropilosa, durante os primeiros meses de fundação; (3) isolamento e caracterização dos fungos entomopatogênicos de ocorrência natural em rainhas; (4) realizar bioensaios para avaliar a patogenicidade desses isolados em operárias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa e (5) formulação e aplicação de iscas à base de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos, em colônias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa, visando possibilidades de aplicação prática. Para tal, foram coletadas rainhas recém-fecundadas ou provenientes de escavações dos ninhos incipientes marcados no período da revoada. As escavações ocorreram aos 20, 45, 90, 135, 180 e 225 dias de idade do ninho em 2007, e aos 20, 45 e 90 dias em 2008, e aos 60 dias em 2009. Foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: (1) as dimensões da câmara-recém fundada aumentam com o tempo de fundação; (2) altas taxas de mortalidade para A. bisphaerica e A. sexdens rubropilosa; (3) rainhas de Atta spp. podem ser parasitadas por diversos fungos, dentre eles Beauveria bassiana, Isaria lilacinus, Isaria fumosorosea e Aspergillus flavus; (4) todos os isolados são patogênicos e os mais virulentos BBOT11, BBOT12 de B. bassiana e IBOT33 de I. lilacinus; e (5) iscas formuladas com fungos são atrativas, carregadas e incorporadas por operárias de A. sexdens rubropilosa, contudo não causam
Abstract: The leaf-cutting ants are pests for several important crop plants, which requires constant control. However, the natural mortality of Atta spp colonies is high, reaching 100% in the first year of foundation. Among many factors the pathogenic microorganisms are noted as one of those responsible for such mortality. Thus, this study aimed to: (1) study the morphogenesis of early nests depending on the time of foundation of these species; (2) assess the death rate of the queens of Atta bisphaerica and Atta sexdens rubropilosa during the first months of the foundation, through excavations in newly founded nests; (3) isolation and characterization of entomopathogenic fungi found in queens; (4) perform bioassays to assess the pathogenicity of these isolates in Atta sexdens rubropilosa and (5) formulation and application of baits based on entomopathogenic fungi isolated in colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa, seeking opportunities for practical application. To this end, we collected newly fertilized queens or from excavations of incipient nests marked during the time of nuptial flight. The excavations were performed at 20, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 days of nest age in 2007, and at 20, 45 and 90 days in 2008. The results were: (1) the dimensions of the incipient chamber increases with time of the foundation; (2) high rates of mortality for Atta bisphaerica and Atta sexdens rubropilosa; (3) queens of Atta spp. can be parasitized by several fungi, including Beauveria bassiana, Isaria lilacinus, Isaria fumosorosea and Aspergillus flavus; (4) all strains are pathogenic and the most virulent BBOT11, BBOT12 of B. bassiana and IBOT33 of I. lilacinus; and (5) baits made with fungi are attractive, loaded and incorporated by workers of A. sexdens rubropilosa, yet not cause mortality of the colony
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4

Massago, Haluko. "Desempenho de alevinos de quatro linhagens da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e análise da variabilidade genética pelos marcadores RAPD /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86688.

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Orientador: Newton Castagnolli
Banca: João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes
Banca: Ricardo Pereira Ribeiro
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o desempenho inicial de quatro linhagens comerciais de Oreochromis niloticus denominadas "Bouaké", "GIFT", "Supreme" e "Chitralada", com ênfase no ganho em peso e sobrevivência. Utilizou-se os alevinos revertidos com o peso médio de um grama. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema fechado durante 112 dias, com biometrias realizadas a cada 28 dias. Inicialmente eram mantidos 38 peixes por 120 L em cada caixa e, após 84 dias, 13 peixes por 180 L. A qualidade da água foi avaliada através dos seguintes parâmetros: temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido (OD) e Potencial Hidrogeniônico (pH). Forneceu-se inicialmente a ração em pó com 45% de proteína bruta e, depois, a ração extrusada contendo 40% do mesmo nutriente. Os pesos médios finais das linhagens "Bouaké", "GIFT", "Supreme" e "Chitralada" foram 98,83 g, 121,46 g, 133,20 g e 112,89 g, respectivamente. As linhagens "Supreme" e "GIFT" apresentaram melhor desempenho, sendo que o desempenho da linhagem "GIFT" foi semelhante ao da "Chitralada". O desempenho da linhagem "Bouaké" não diferiu da "Chitralada" (p<0,05). A taxa de sobrevivência (acima de 80%, com exceção da "Bouaké") pode ser considerada normal.
Abstract: This work aimed to verify the initial performance of four commercial Oreochromis niloticus strains named "Bouaké", "GIFT", "Supreme" and "Chitralada", with special attention on the weight gain and survival rates. Tilapia fingerlings, post reversion with mean weight of one gram were used. The experiment was carried out in a closed system of Tilapia laboratory of CAUNESP, during 112 days, and biometries for performance evaluation have been done every 28 days. Water quality was evaluated through the following parameters: temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH value. Feeding was initially with powdered ration with 45 % crude protein, and after three weeks, with extruded ration with 40% crude protein. The final mean weight of the "Bouaké", "GIFT", "Supreme" and "Chitralada" strains were 98.83g, 121.46 g, 133.20 g and 112.89 g, respectively. "Supreme" and "GIFT" strains presented better performance, and the "GIFT" and "Chitralada" strains were similar too (p<0.05). Survival rate was considered normal (above 80%), with the exception of "Bouaké" strain.
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Anita, Schmidek. "Variabilidades genética e não genética na mortalidade pré-desmama de bezerros de corte /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102781.

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Resumo: Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram os de ampliar os conhecimentos sobre os efeitos genéticos e não genéticos da mortalidade pré-desmama em bovinos de corte no Brasil, bem como avaliar a possibilidade de incluir características diretas e/ou indicativas na avaliação genética de reprodutores. Foram estudadas bovinos das raças Nelore (dois rebanhos) e Guzerá (um rebanho). Os registros de mortalidade pré-desmama, vigor ao nascimento e falhas na primeira mamada foram analisados utilizando a metodologia de modelos lineares generalizados com o intuito de avaliar efeitos não genéticos, e a metodologia de modelos lineares generalizados mistos foi utilizada para as análises genéticas. Baixo vigor e pesos ao nascer extremos foram os efeitos que mais influenciaram as características estudadas. As estimativas de herdabilidade considerando o bezerro foram entre 0,05 e 0,27 para mortalidade, 0,10 para vigor e nula para falha na primeira mamada. A estimativa de herdabilidade considerando a vaca foi 0,17 para falhas na primeira mamada. A seleção praticada para peso ao sobreano não influenciou a mortalidade pré-desmama. A variação na ocorrência de óbitos durante o período pré-desmama indica que as inspeções aos bezerros devam ser mais frequentes durante a primeira quinzena de vida, embora devam ser realizadas com frequência durante toda a fase pré-desmama. Visando detectar bezerros com maior risco de óbito, é recomendado atentar aos fatores de maior influência para baixo vigor e mortalidade, que corresponderam a bezerros muito leves ou muito pesados, filhos de primíparas ou de vacas velhas, bezerros do sexo masculino. O registro do vigor ao nascimento pode ser adotado como ferramenta para evitar que óbitos ocorram, pois é de baixo custo e apresenta coleta simples e confiável... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this research was to increase the knowledge about genetic and non genetic effects upon pre-weaning Brazilian beef cattle mortality, as well as to evaluate the possibility of considering direct and/or indicative characteristics in genetic evaluation of sires. Herds of Nelore (2) and Guzerá (1) cattle were studied assessing pre-weaning mortality, calf vigor at birth and neonate behaviour; all records were analyzed using the methodology of generalized linear models regarding non genetic effects, and the methodology of generalized linear mixed models was used for the genetic analysis. Calf birth weight was the main effect influencing calf vigor and mortality, with more problems occurring in calves with extreme weights, especially the very low ones. The estimated direct heritabilities were low to moderate for calf mortality (0.05 to 0.27), low for vigor (0.10) and null for the fails in the first suckling. Maternal heritabilities were low for calf mortality and vigor (0.00 to 0.03) and moderate for the fails in the first suckling (0.17). The selection for yearling weight did not influence pre-weaning mortality. The variation in deaths occurrence during the pre-weaning period indicates that inspections should be more intense during the first fifteen days of life. Considering the calves with high risk of death, it is recommended to pay attention to the factors that induce the low vigor and mortality of calves, eg. very thin and heavy calves, calves born from heifers or old cows, as well as male calves. The register of vigor at birth can be adopted as a tool to prevent that deaths occur, since it is of low cost and presents simple and trustworthy collection for prediction of calves with death risk. Due the importance of the mammary system, affecting the frequency of fails in the first suckling, it is expected... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa
Coorientadora: Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante
Banca: Joslaine Noeli dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo
Banca: Pedro Franklin Barbosa
Banca: Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
Banca: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
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Del'Arco, Marcelo. "Biologia de Tenuipalpus heveae Baker (acari, Tenuipalpidae) em três clones de Fevea brasileinsis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87578.

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Orientador: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres
Banca: Marineide Rosa Vieira
Banca: Marcel Ricardo Tanzini
Resumo: Esse trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o ciclo biológico de T. heveae em folíolos de seringueira dos clones RRIM 600, PB 235 e GT 1. Inicialmente foi estabelecida uma colônia de manutenção de T. heveae. As arenas de criação e para estudos da biologia foram confeccionadas a partir de folíolos de seringueira dos clones acima citados sendo mantidas sob condições controladas em câmara climatizada do tipo BOD com umidade relativa de 70+10%, fotoperíodo de 12 h, 28+0,1oC na fotofase e 25+0,1oC na escotofase. Três observações diárias foram realizadas, acompanhando-se o desenvolvimento de 60 ovos em folíolos de cada clone para verificação do estágio de desenvolvimento em que o ácaro se encontrava, assim como a oviposição das fêmeas. A fase mais longa registrada nos três clones foi a de ovo e o período mais curto foi o protoninfal. Em todos os clones estudados a fase de maior viabilidade foi a deutoninfal, e a menor, a larval. Quatorze fêmeas e quatro machos atingiram a fase adulta no clone PB 235, sendo observada uma taxa média de oviposição de 1,2 ovo/dia/fêmea. No clone RRIM 600, nove fêmeas e dois machos foram observados, sendo registrada a taxa de oviposição de 0,7 ovo/dia/fêmea. No clone GT 1, sete fêmeas chegaram à fase adulta com taxa média de 0,51 ovo/dia/fêmea. O ciclo completo da incubação do ovo até a morte do adulto durou 25 dias, em média, nos clones RRIM 600 e PB 235. A taxa intrínseca de crescimento populacional (rm) foi de 0,09; 0,08 e 0,02 nos clones PB 235, RRIM 600 e GT 1, respectivamente. O clone PB 235 possibilitou um melhor desenvolvimento de T. heveae, seguido pelo clone RRIM 600. O clone GT 1 foi o menos favorável ao desenvolvimento.
Abstract: This work aims to study the biological cycle of T. heveae in rubber tree leaflets of clones RRIM 600, PB235 and GT 1. Initially, a maintenance colony was established. The breeding arenas and those for the study of the biology were created using leaflets of the aforementioned rubber tree clones, which had been kept under controlled conditions in a climatic chamber. Three daily observations were done, following the development of 60 eggs in each clone to check the developmental stage and female oviposition. The egg was the longest-lasting phase registered and the protonymph was the shortest period. The deutonymph was the most viable phase in all clones, whereas the least viable was the larval stage. Fourteen females and four males reached the adult stage in the clone PB 235, an average oviposition rate of 1.2 egg per day per female. In the RRIM 600 clone, nine females and two males were viable, and an oviposition rate of 0.70 egg per day per female was observed. In the GT 1 clone, seven females reached the adult stage, the average ovoposition rate was 0.51 egg per day per female. The complete cycle of incubation of the egg until the death of the adult lasted, on average, 25 days in RRIM 600 and PB 235 clones. The intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) was 0.09; 0.08 and 0.02 in clones PB 235, RRIM 600 and GT1, respectively. The clone PB 235 allowed a better development of T. heveae, followed by RRIM 600. The clone GT 1 was the least favourable for the development of that mite species.
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Ambrósio, Márcia Michelle de Queiroz 1976. "Sobrevivência em microcosmo e em campo solarizado de fitopatógenos submetidos à fermentação acelerada de diferentes matériais orgânicos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105412.

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Orientador: Nilton Luiz de Souza
Banca: Edson Luiz Furtado
Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Banca: Alfredo Seiti Urashima
Banca: Flávia Rodrigues A. Patricio
Resumo: A solarização é uma das alternativas de controle físico para vários fitopatógenos que podem sobreviver por vários anos no solo por meio de estruturas de resistência, causando danos em muitas culturas, e muitas vezes inviabilizando vastas áreas agrícolas. No entanto, existem algumas espécies que possuem temperatura letal acima daquela atingida pela solarização do solo. Vem sendo estudado a incorporação de material orgânico previamente a colocação do plástico, situação esta que promove o aprisionamento dos gases oriundos da decomposição, conferindo um efeito aditivo à solarização. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na prospecção de materiais orgânicos promissores para produzir voláteis fungitóxicos capazes de controlar fitopatógenos de solo. Foram realizados dois ensaios em condições de microcosmo (câmara de vidro) para simular a solarização do solo, onde incorporou-se 1kg/m2 de material orgânico fresco e posteriormente, dois experimentos de campo, em épocas diferentes e em áreas contíguas com os mesmos materiais orgânicos. No primeiro experimento foi incorporado 1kg/m2 de material orgânico e no segundo 3Kg/m2. Estudou-se quatro fitopatógenos (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e Sclerotium rolfsii) frente a quatro 2 materiais orgânicos frescos e triturados incorporados ao solo (folhas e ramos de brócolos, eucalipto, mamona e mandioca brava). O controle dos fungos foi avaliado por meio da análise da sobrevivência das estruturas em meio semi-seletivo específicos, durante quatro períodos (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias do início do experimento). Nos experimentos de campo, foram monitoradas a temperatura por um coletor de dados Tipo CR23X (Campbell Scientific) e a porcentagem de CO2 e de O2 pelo equipamento analisador de gases (Texto 325-1)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: Solarization is one of the physical control alternatives available against a number of plant pathogens capable of surviving for several years in the soil by means of resistance structures, causing damage to many crops, and often rendering vast agricultural areas unviable. However, there are a few species whose lethal temperature is above the temperature reached during soil solarization. The incorporation of organic material prior to mulching with plastic is currently being studied. This condition promotes the trapping of gases from decomposition, imparting an additive effect to solarization. The objective of the present work consisted in the investigation of organic materials which are promising to produce fungitoxic volatiles that can control soil plant pathogens. Two assays were carried out under microcosmic conditions (glass chamber) to simulate soil solarization, in which 1kg/m2 of fresh organic material were incorporated. Later, two field experiments were carried out during different seasons and at contiguous areas, using the same organic materials. In the first experiment, 1kg/m2 of organic material was incorporated, while 3Kg/m2 were incorporated in the second. Four plant pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Strain 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI, and Sclerotium rolfsii) were studied under four types of fresh, ground organic materials incorporated into the soil (leaves and branches of broccoli, eucalyptus, castor bean, and wild cassava). Fungus control was evaluated through the analysis of the survival of structures in a specific semi-selective medium, during four periods (7, 14, 21, and 28 days from the beginning of the experiment). In 4 the field experiments, temperature was monitored with a Type CR23X (Campbell Scientific) data collector, and CO2 and O2 percentages were monitored with a Testo 325-1 gas analyzer equipment. In both field experiments...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Silva, Júnior Tadeu Antônio Fernandes da 1982. "Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens PV. flaccumfaciens: sobrevivência, gama de hospedeiras e efeito do pré-plantio de aveia e trigo na ocorrência da doença /." Botucatu, [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105411.

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Orientador: Antonio Carlos Maringoni
Banca: Marli Teixeira de Almeida Minhoni
Banca: Renate Krause Sakate
Banca: Luís Otavio Saggion Beriam
Banca: Ivan Paulo Bedendo
Resumo: A murcha-de-curtobacterium, causada por Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), é uma das principais doenças bacterianas da cultura do feijoeiro, acarretando grandes perdas na produção dessa cultura. Até o momento existem poucas informações sobre os diferentes nichos de sobrevivência desta bactéria e de sua gama de hospedeiras. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve por objetivos principais verificar a capacidade de sobrevivência saprofítica de Cff em restos de cultura de feijoeiro mantidos na superfície do solo e enterrados à 20 cm de profundidade; a influência da temperatura, umidade e do tipo de solo no período de sobrevivência da bactéria em solo; determinar a gama de hospedeiras de Cff inoculadas artificialmente, tanto por ferimento no caule, como por aspersão de suspensão bacteriana na parte aérea das plantas; a capacidade de colonização de Cff do rizoplano de plantas de aveia e trigo; e o efeito do pré-plantio de aveia e trigo na ocorrência da murcha-de-curtobacterium. Quanto à capacidade de sobrevivência de Cff em restos de cultura de feijoeiro, foi demonstrado que a bactéria possui menor capacidade de sobrevivência quando os restos vegetais são incorporados ao solo e também em épocas com maiores índices de precipitação e temperaturas mais altas. O período de sobrevivência do patógeno nos restos culturais de feijoeiro mantidos na superfície do solo variou entre 165 e 240 dias e nos restos vegetais enterrados a 20 cm de profundidade, o período de sobrevivência foi inferior a 30 dias. Quanto à sobrevivência de Cff na forma de células livres no solo, foi verificado que a temperatura, a umidade e o tipo do solo têm influencia na capacidade de sobrevivência da bactéria. O tempo de sobrevivência de Cff variou entre dois e quinze dias. Das 30 espécies botânicas inoculadas artificialmente com Cff, a bactéria causou lesões na parte... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Bacterial wilt caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) is one of the main bacterial diseases affecting bean culture, leading to great losses in its production. So far there is scarce information about the different survival niches and host range of this bacterium. Thus, the present study had as major aims to verify Cff capability of saprophytically surviving in bean debris kept on the soil surface and buried at 20 cm depth; to assess the influence of temperature, humidity and soil type on the survival period of this bacterium in soil; to determine the host range for artificially inoculated Cff, either through stem injury or through bacterial sprinkling onto the shoot of plants; to verify Cff capability of colonizing the rhizoplane of oat and wheat plants; and to assess the effect of oat and wheat pre-planting on the occurrence of bean bacterial wilt. Cff had decreased capability of surviving in bean debris when the latter were incorporated into the soil and during periods of higher rainfall rates and temperatures. The pathogen survival period in bean culture remnants kept on the soil surface ranged from 165 and 240 days, while in plant debris buried at 20 cm depth the survival period was inferior to 45 days. The survival capability of Cff as free cells in soil was influenced by temperature, humidity and soil type. Cff survival time varied between two and fifteen days. Of 30 plant species artificially inoculated with Cff, bean and soy shoot had lesions caused by the bacterium which endophytically colonized wheat leaves and soy and wheat stem and leaves. Cff was also shown to have no capability of colonizing oat and wheat rhizoplane while the pre-planting of these grass plants, before bean culture establishment, had no effect on the occurrence of bean bacterial wilt
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9

Galeazzi, Priscilla Markarian. "Efeitos genéticos e ambientais da habilidade de permanência de búflas leiteiras da raça Murrah no rebanho /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92592.

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Resumo: Na expectativa de contribuir com os programas de melhoramento genético de bubalinos, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a influência dos efeitos ambientais e genéticos sobre a habilidade de permanência no rebanho de búfalas leiteiras da raça Murrah. Utilizaram-se informações de 1016 búfalas, participantes do programa de controle leiteiro mantido pelo Departamento de Zootecnia da UNESP/Jaboticabal(SP) desde 1987. A característica habilidade de permanência (HP) foi definida como a habilidade de permanecer no rebanho um (HP1), dois (HP2), três (HP3), quatro (HP4), cinco (HP5) e seis anos (HP6) após o primeiro parto. As mesmas características foram também consideradas como variável contínua, e denominadas Habilidade de Permanência em Dias até um (HPD1), dois (HPD2), três (HPD3), quatro (HPD4), cinco (HPD5) e seis anos (HPD6) após o primeiro parto. Os efeitos ambientais foram estudados por meio de análise de sobrevivência, ajustando-se os efeitos fixos de fazenda, ano e época de nascimento, classe de produção de leite na primeira lactação e idade ao primeiro parto. Fazenda, ano de nascimento e produção de leite na primeira lactação são efeitos que influenciam de forma significativa (p<0,0001) a permanência da fêmea no rebanho de 1 a 6 anos após o primeiro parto. Búfalas com maior idade ao primeiro parto têm maiores probabilidades de serem descartadas até um ano, sem efeito no descarte em idades mais avançadas. Búfalas com maior produção de leite têm menor probabilidade de descarte, permanecendo mais tempo no rebanho. Os efeitos genético-aditivo para as HP foram estimados por máxima verossimilhança restrita aproximada com modelo de limiar, enquanto que para as HPD foram estimados por máxima verossimilhança restrita...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In order of contributing to the buffalo genetic improvement programs , the objective of this study was to assess the influence of environmental and genetic effects on the stayability of the Murrah dairy buffaloes. Records from 1016 buffaloes, participants in the control dairy program maintained by the Departamento de Génetica e Melhoramento Animal of UNESP / Jaboticabal (SP) since 1987, were used. Stayability (HP) was defined as the ability to remain in the herd for one (HP1), two (HP2), three (HP3), four (HP4), five (HP5), and six years (HP6) after the first calving. The same traits were also considered continuous, and called as age of culling up to one (HPD1), two (HPD2), three (HPD3), four (HPD4), five (HPD5) and six years (HPD6) after the first calving. The environmental effects were studied by survival analysis. The model included the fixed effects of farm, year and season of birth, milk production class in the first lactation and age at first calving. The effects of farm, year of birth and milk production in the first lactation were significant (p <0.0001) for stayability from 1 to 6 years after the first calving.. Buffaloes cows with higher age at first calving are more likely to be culling a year after the first calve, without effect on the disposal at more advanced ages. Buffaloes with higher milk production are less likely to culling, staying longer in the herd. Additive genetic effects for HP were estimated by quasi-restricted maximum likelihood, fitting a threshold model, and the additive genetic effects for HPD were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. The models included the additive genetic effects as random, ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Orientador: Humberto Tonhati
Coorientadora: Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante
Banca: Danísio Prado Munari
Banca: Lenira El Faro Zadra
Mestre
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10

Caetano, Sabrina Luzia. "Estudo da idade da vaca ao último parto para avaliar longevidade em rebanhos da raça nelore por análise de sobrevivência /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102783.

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Resumo: No Brasil, existem poucos estudos sobre longevidade de vacas de corte, principalmente utilizando ferramentas de análise de sobrevivência na estimação de parâmetros genéticos. Todavia, os critérios para avaliar esta característica são vários, tal que em alguns destes nem todos os registros das vacas nos rebanhos podem ser levados em consideração, devido à metodologia de análise utilizada. Uma variável que é de fácil mensuração e já faz parte da maioria dos controles zootécnicos das fazendas é a idade da vaca ao último parto (IVUP). Neste trabalho, objetivo foi avaliar a longevidade das vacas nos rebanhos utilizando a variável IVUP, por meio da metodologia de análise de sobrevivência. Esta variável foi utilizada mediante um critério para analisar a longevidade produtiva de vacas nos rebanhos. O critério adotado foi a diferença entre a data em relação ao último parto de cada vaca e a data do último parto de cada fazenda. Se esta diferença foi superior a 36 meses, a vaca falhou e foi considerada descartada. Caso contrário, esta vaca foi censurada, indicando que esta ainda poderia ter futuras parições. O critério de 36 meses foi proposto por ser período suficiente para a ocorrência de um novo parto. A metodologia de análise de sobrevivência foi utilizada por considerar dados censurados e não censurados. As variáveis: estação e ano de nascimento de cada vaca, a fazenda e a idade ao primeiro parto foram utilizadas para as análises da variável IVUP. Um estudo prévio por meio de curvas de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de Cox, utilizando a distribuição gama para os touros, desconsiderando o parentesco entre eles, foram realizados. O software Survival Kit foi empregado para estimação dos parâmetros genéticos, levando em consideração o parentesco entre os animais. Verificou-se que a IVUP apresentou herdabilidade de 0,25, e que seu uso permite avaliar a ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In Brazil, there are few studies about stayability, especially using tools of survival analysis in the estimation of breeding values and heritability. The criteria for evaluating this characteristic are different, such that in some of these not all information in the herds of cows can be taken into consideration, because the method of analysis used. In addition, the definitions that consider the date of disposal of the animal affect the use of information obtained in practice, because until the cows come out of the flock may take years, thus the evaluation of their parents is impaired, since the goal is selection. A variable that is easy to measure and is already part of most controls husbandry farms are cow age at last birth (IVUP). This variable was used by one criterion to analyze the productive longevity of cows in herds. The criterion was the difference between the date from the last delivery date of each cow and the last part of each farm. If this difference was more than 36 months, the cow was considered failed and discarded. Otherwise, this cow was censored, indicating that this could still have further parities. The criterion of 36 months was proposed to be sufficient time for the occurrence of a new birth. The methodology of survival analysis was used. The variables season and year of birth of each cow, farm and age at first birth were used for analysis of variable IVUP. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the variable IVUP through estimates of genetic and fixed effect, to study the longevity of cows in the herd. A previous study by Kaplan-Meier and Cox model using the gamma distribution for the bulls, disregarding the relationship between them, were performed. The Survival Kit software was used to estimate the genetic parameters, taking into account the relationship between the animals. It was found that the heritability of 0.25 for IVUP ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Danísio Prado Munari
Coorientador: Claudia Cristina Paro da Paz
Coorientador: Raysildo Barbosa Lobo
Banca: João Ademir de Oliveira
Banca: Henrique Nunes De Oliveira
Banca: Roberto Carvalheiro
Banca: Lenira El Faro Zadra
Doutor
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11

Carvalho, Abrahão Cavalcante Gomes de Souza. "Avaliação do aquecimento ósseo, da viabilidade celular imediata e da deformação de fresas de alta resistência após osteotomia para implantes em tíbias de coelhos /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88955.

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Resumo: O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da reutilização de fresas de alta resistência sobre o aquecimento ósseo, a viabilidade celular imediata e a deformação das fresas após osteotomia para implantes em tíbias de coelhos. Para isso, foram utilizados 12 coelhos machos brancos (Oryctolagus cunilicus, Nova Zelândia), que foram submetidos a 200 sequências de fresagens para implantes na cortical superior de suas tíbias. Foram estabelecidos 6 grupos (G1 a G6) que correspondiam ao número de osteotomias realizadas por cada fresa (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50). Cada leito cirúrgico recebia a seguinte sequência de fresagem: fresa tipo lança e helicoidais de 2,0mm, 2,8mm, 3,0mm e 3.15mm. As áreas osteotomizadas foram coletadas para análise imunoistoquímica, as oscilações térmicas foram quantificadas e as fresas utilizadas receberam análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Nos resultados, houve uma correlação alta entre a porcentagem de deformação e o número de reutilização de cada fresa (Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson r = 0,984). Observou-se também que as fresas do tipo lança apresentaram maior deformação após o uso do que as fresas helicoidais (proporção de 2:1). Não houve correlação estatística significativa entre aumento da reutilização da fresa e aquecimento ósseo (p > 0,05). No entanto, observouse que a oscilação térmica durante a fresagem da lança é maior que as demais fresagens (proporção de 3:1). Na análise imunoistoquímica, observou-se um equilíbrio fisiológico da expressão das proteínas Osteoprotegerina e RANKL em todos os grupos, no entanto, houve maior expressão de todas as proteínas no Grupo 6. De acordo com a metodologia aplicada, foi possível concluir que as fresas avaliadas não causam aquecimento ósseo significativo em até 50 reutilizações, no entanto, causam maior trauma tecidual na 50ª fresagem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was evaluate the influence of high resistence drill reuse over bone heating, immediate bone-cell viability and drills wear after implant osteotomies in rabbit tibias. Therefore, 12 male white rabbits (Oryctolagus cunilicus, New Zealand) received 200 implant sequential osteotomies over the superior cortical of their tibia. Six groups were established (G1 to G6), according to the number of osteotomy of each drill (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50). The implant sequence of drills was: spear drill, 2,0mm, 2.8mm, 3.0mm and 3.15mm helicoidal drills. The receptor-beds were collected to imunohistochemistry, the thermal changes were quantified and the drills received scanning electron microscopy analysis. In the results, a great correlation degree between drill wear and number of osteotomies was observed (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient r = 0,984). Another result was that spear drill have more deformation than helicoidal drills (2:1 proportion). The bone heating analysis concluded that there was no statistical siginificance between number of osteotomy and bone heating (p > 0,05). However, the thermal changes during spear drilling was greater than during helicoidal drillings (3:1 proportion). Imunohistochemistry results showed a physiological balance of Osteoprotegerin and RANKL immunolabeling in all groups, however there was a greater immunolabeling of all proteins in the last group. According to this metodology, the conclusion is that the tested drills do not caused significant bone heating after 50 reuses, however, they caused more tissue trauma at 50th osteotomy. So, the studied system must be reused for 40 times, and the spier drill must be substituted after 20 osteotomies.
Orientador: Luiz Antonio Salata
Coorientador: Osvaldo Magro Filho
Banca: Márcio de Moraes
Banca: Idelmo Rangel Garcia Júnior
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12

Bernardo, Christine Steiner São. "Reintrodução de mutuns-do sudeste Cra blumenbachii (Cracidade) na mata atlântica da Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, Brasil) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106585.

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Resumo: A reintrodução de indivíduos em locais adequados e uma ferramenta importante para o restabelecimento de populações ameaçadas, em áreas onde previamente ocorriam. Contudo, populações recém-reintroduzidas frequentemente sofrem alta mortalidade. Assim, uma espécie reintroduzida deve ser monitorada, a obtenção de dados relevantes que evidenciem sucesso ou falha do projeto, para melhorar as estratégias futuras de reintrodução. O mutum-do-sudeste Crax blumenbachii (Galliformes, Cracidae) é endêmico da parte sudeste da Mata Atlântica brasileira. Atualmente é considerado "em perigo" de extinção, devido principalmente à caça e à destruição do habitat. Programas de reintrodução da espécie foram realizados na década de 1990, mas atualmente poucos dados publicados existem sobre o sucesso ou falha destes projetos. Os objetivos foram 1) identificar causas de mortalidade de mutuns-do-sudeste reintroduzidos, durante a fase de adaptação no viveiro e após a liberação; (2) detectar o período de maior vulnerabilidade dos animais após a liberação; (3) analisar possíveis diferenças na probabilidade de sobrevivência entre sexos, grupos de liberação e comportamento manso/arisco; (4) estimar o tamanho de área de vida de mutuns-do-sudeste reintroduzidos, levando em consideração alguns fatores como o sexo, idade, dominância/ submissão, comportamento manso/arisco e tempo de monitoramento; (5) analisar padrões na fidelidade à area de vida; (6) verificar se houve interação social entre mutuns-do­sudeste e (7) identificar padrões no uso de habitats. Entre agosto de 2006 e outubro de 2008, 53 mutuns-do-sudeste nascidos em cativeiro (CRAX, Contagem, MG, Brasil), portando rádio-transmissor VHF do tipo mochila, foram transferidos para a Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA, Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, Brasil) . Durante o período de adaptação, cinco aves morreram no viveiro... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo
Abstract: Reintroduction of individuals into suitable habitat is an important technique for the restoration of endangered species populations in areas where they once existed. However, newly re-established populations often experience significantly higher mortality probability following reintroduction. Careful considerations must therefore be given to the release and monitoring of individuals to obtain relevant data on the success and failure of reintroduction projects to improve future reintroduction strategies. The Red-billed Curassow Crax blumenbachii (Galliformes, Cracidae) is an endemic bird species restricted to the southeast Atlantic rainforest. The species is currently endangered due to severe hunting and habitat loss. Reintroduction programs are currently underway to help restore wild populations, but to date, few data exist regarding the success of failure of these reintroductions. The aims of this research are: 1) to identify principal causes of mortality of reintroduced birds during the adaptation period in the release pen, and post-release; (2) to identify periods of vulnerability for birds post-release; (3) to analyze variations in survival probabilities between gender, different reintroduced groups, and between individuals exhibiting dominant or submissive behavioral traits; (4) to assess factors influencing variation in , home range size estimation; (5) to identify patterns of home range fidelity; (6) to quantify social interaction between individuals; (7) to identify patterns of habitat usage. Between August 2006 and October 2008, 53 birds were transport from the CRAX breeding center at Contagem to the Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA), and were fitted with backpack transmitters. During the adaptation period in the release pen, five birds died due to dominance behavior of some individuals. There was annual survival probability post-release of 76%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Mauro Galetti Rodrigues
Coorientador: Fabio Olmos
Banca: Fernando Antonio dos Santos Fernandez
Banca: Marco Aurelio Pizo Ferreira
Banca: Luis Fabio Silveira
Banca: Fernanda Michalski
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13

Lima, Celina Faig. "Expressão da survivina em diferentes condições relacionadas à carcinogênese intra-bucal humana /." São Jose dos Campos : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100694.

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Resumo: A survivina é uma proteína inibidora da apoptose que desempenha papel de controle no ciclo celular e no mecanismo de carcinogênese. Este trabalho teve como proposição verificar a correlação clinicopatológica da expressão da survivina nas diferentes condições relacionadas à carcinogênese intra-bucal humana, o que pode ser útil para destacar aspectos importantes das etapas da carcinogênese bucal. Foram constituídos três grupos, formados em parte por material citológico coletado de pacientes participantes do Programa Ambulatorial de Tratamento de Tabagismo do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (INCOR-HCFMUSP); e por material que se encontra incluído em blocos de parafina no Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos FOSJC - UNESP. O primeiro grupo foi constituído por material citológico obtido do bordo lateral lingual esquerdo e soalho bucal de 30 pacientes que fumavam mais de 20 cigarros/dia/10anos e que não apresentavam histórico de neoplasia bucal maligna, nem sinais clínicos visíveis no local avaliado; o segundo grupo foi constituído por amostras teciduais de 21 pacientes com lesões brancas clinicamente classificadas como leucoplasias. O terceiro grupo foi formado por 42 amostras teciduais de pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermóide bucal. Os pacientes que foram submetidos à citologia esfoliativa foram examinados através de anamnese, exame clínico extra e intra -bucal. A citologia esfoliativa foi realizada com cytobrush para obtenção de duas lâminas de cada local selecionado. Após a realização da imunoistoquímica com anticorpo primário anti-survivina as lâminas foram analisadas qualitativamente através da microscopia óptica. Uma lâmina de assoalho e uma de língua foram coradas e avaliadas pelo método de Papanicolaou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein that plays a role in cell cycle control and the mechanism of carcinogenesis. The aim of the present work was to study the clinicopathological correlation of survivin expression in different conditions related to intra-oral carcinogenesis. This may be useful to highlight important aspects of oral carcinogenesis steps. Three groups were analyzed. They were formed in part by cytological material collected from patients of Heart Institute's Patient Center and the Smoking Cessation Program of the University Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School (INCOR-HCFMUSP) and material of Laboratory of Oral Pathology, São José dos Campos Dental School. The first group consisted of cytologic material obtained from the left side of the tongue and mouth floor of 30 patients who smoked more than 20 cigarrettes/day/10years and had no history of malignant oral neoplasm or clinical signs at the site evaluated; the second group consisted of tissue samples from 21 patients with white lesions clinically classified as leukoplakia. The third group consisted of 42 tissue samples from patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Patients who underwent exfoliative cytology were examined by medical history, extra and intra-oral clinical examination. The exfoliative cytology was performed using cytobrush to obtain two smears of each selected location. After performing the immunohistochemistry for anti-survivin the slides were analyzed qualitatively by light microscopy. One smear of mouth floor and tongue was stained and evaluated by the method of Papanicolaou. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney and X2. Survivin was positive in 100% of cytological material from the smokers, 85.7% of oral leukoplakia and 83.3% of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Fisher's exact test showed no association between the expression... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Janete Dias Almeida
Coorientador: Jaqueline Scholz Issa
Banca: Luiz Antonio Guimarães Cabral
Banca: Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck Brandão
Banca: Renata Falchete do Prado
Banca: Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa
Doutor
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14

Argent, David G. "Fine sediment effects on brook trout egg and alevin survival in Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07292009-090625/.

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15

Amidon, Zachary J. "Lake Whitefish Spawning Locations and Overwinter Egg Survival in Western Lake Erie." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1547033485879165.

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16

Wood, Christopher. "Oxidative stress and seed survival." Thesis, Abertay University, 1998. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/79d28b74-9210-4ebd-a3b8-66a610bd8c87.

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Free radical and aldehydic breakdown product content were determined, by EPR and UV / visible spectroscopy, primarily in intermediate (desiccation tolerant) seeds of Carica papaya L. (Papaya) and recalcitrant (desiccation intolerant) seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Horse chestnut), but also in other species covering a range of desiccation tolerances, with a view to determining the role of oxidative stress as a diagnostic marker for desiccation tolerance. Axes of non-senescent highly viable recalcitrant seeds of horse chestnut were metabolically active, contained products of lipid peroxidation, displayed low levels of enzymatic protection against activated oxygen and peroxides, and a two-peak free radical EPR signal. During fully hydrated storage at 16 °C for up to 18 months, seeds exhibited, sequentially, an increase in germination rate, a transient increase in intensities of both the low field and high field EPR peaks, a significant increase in membrane leakage and decrease in seed viability, germination rate, and SOD and peroxidase activities. Drying 'unstored' seeds below and embryonic axis moisture content of 40 to 50 % initiated viability loss. At < 25 % moisture content all axes were inviable and displayed a 2- to 4-fold increase in solute leakage, lipid peroxidation products and the low field EPR signal. Seed desiccation sensitivity increased with hydrated storage. The accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and free radicals on drying generally occurred to a greater extent, or at a higher moisture content, than observed with unstored seeds. The results indicate a mediating role for oxidative stress in recalcitrant seed viability loss which is differentially expressed during hydrated, 'natural' ageing and desiccation. Similar trends were seen in other recalcitrant species with the increase in lipid peroxidation products occurring around the point of viability loss. However the study of a more orthodox species (papaya) revealed no such trends.
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17

Distasio, Andrew. "Novel Regulators of Neural Crest and Neural Progenitor Survival." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593170783550813.

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18

Zimmermann, André E. "Effects of sediment transport on intergravel flow and egg survival in silt-rich spawning beds." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79215.

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Previous studies have shown fine sediment was removed from spawning beds when salmon dug nests and subsequent sediment deposition can re-clog the nests, which reduces intergravel flow and threatens egg survival. In the intensively logged Cascapedia watershed it is not known if there is enough sediment deposition to re-clog salmon nests. Furthermore, Cascapedia spawning beds are relatively silt-rich, whereas, the effect of fine sediment has been studied in rivers with sand-rich substrate. I evaluated if sediment-epositing events reduced intergravel flow and if these events inhibited egg survival.
During the summer and fall 2001, sediment deposition into clean gravel occurred at rates proportional to the length and dose of suspended sediment transporting events. Based on the results of an experimental sensor, sediment deposition reduced intergravel water velocities. Habitat conditions within artificial salmon nests, however, remained above critical levels for egg survival. Eggs survived (81%) until mid-April, at which time they were at the pre-hatched life-stage. The data suggests that in Cascapedia rivers, egg survival is likely only inhibited if the spring-freshet erodes or clogs the salmon nests.
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Henneberry, T. J., Jech L. Forlow, la Torre T. de, S. Faulconer, and J. J. Hill. "Pink Bollworm Egg Infestations and Larval Survival in NuCOTN 33b and Deltapine Cottons in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197493.

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The gene for the Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) insect toxic protein is a new advance in technology for pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), control. We conducted studies in 1999 to investigate grower concern for reduced efficacy of NuCOTN 33b (Bt cotton) (Monsanto Company, St Louis, MO) in late-season because of breakdown or non-expression of the toxic protein. We compared the susceptibility of Bt and Deltapine 5415 (Monsanto Company, St Louis, MO) (non-Bt) cotton bolls to PBW at periodic intervals during the first and second cotton fruiting cycles. We placed >200 PBW eggs per boll on the inside surface of bracts of susceptible immature cotton bolls. The artificially infested bolls were later harvested and examined for evidence of PBW infestation. High percentages of both Bt and non-Bt cotton bolls had numerous larval entrance holes in the carpel walls of the bolls. Less than 1% of the Bt cotton bolls and over 70% of the non-Bt cotton bolls were found with living PBW larvae. Bt cotton bolls of the late-season second fruiting cycle were as resistant to PBW infestation as Bt cotton bolls of the first fruiting cycle.
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Paramo, Sanchez Blanca Estela. "The role of Sin1 in cell survival." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-sin1-in-cell-survival(10b70b16-0e06-405f-a89e-caaae8f5974d).html.

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Cancer and neurodegeneration are detrimental conditions associated with an inappropriate regulation of cell survival and cell death, causing compromised cells to evade death or excessive death of healthy neurons. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) has been implicated in the regulation of cell survival by phosphorylating the protein kinase Akt. This is dependent upon the scaffold protein Sin1, a core component of mTORC2. The requirement of Sin1 in cell survival, and in particular in neuronal survival, has not been established due to the early embryonic lethality of mice with a targeted deletion of the Sin1 gene. To circumvent this issue, a novel conditional mouse knockout model was established. The role of Sin1 in regulating cell survival was evaluated in fibroblasts and cortical neurons. The loss of Sin1 significantly affected the phosphorylation and activity of Akt in fibroblasts and caused a reduction in cell survival by potentially inducing premature senescence. In contrast, the loss of Sin1 caused an increase in caspase-independent cell death in cortical neurons. Gene-expression analysis of Sin1 knockout cortical neurons demonstrated an important down-regulation of transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins and components of signalling pathways involved in neuronal survival, aiding to uncover the mechanism by which Sin1 promotes neuronal survival. Taken together, the results presented in this study show a key role of the scaffold protein Sin1 in regulating neuronal survival.
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Wang, Huan. "Survival analysis for censored data under referral bias." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5b39ddc3-1c64-4dd2-8182-a4014c6b97b6.

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This work arises from a hepatitis C cohort study and focuses on estimating the effects of covariates on progression to cirrhosis. In hepatitis C cohort studies, patients may be recruited to the cohort with referral bias because clinically the patients with more rapid disease progression are preferentially referred to liver clinics. This referral bias can lead to significantly biased estimates of the effects of covariates on progression to cirrhosis.
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Kitakawa, Dárcio. "Estudo imunoistoquímico da proteína inibidora de apoptose, survivina no processo de carcinogênese quimicamente induzida pela 4NQO (4-nitroquinolina 1-óxido) em mucosa lingual de ratos Wistar /." São José dos Campos : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100696.

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Resumo: A carcinogênese em mucosa lingual de rato induzida pela 4-nitroquinolina 1-óxido (4NQO) é um modelo interessante para o estudo da evolução do carcinoma epidermóide fase por fase. Considerando-se que a apoptose tem um papel importante na carcinogênese, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a expressão da survivina, membro da família das proteínas inibidoras de apoptose, através da imunoistoquímica, durante o ensaio de carcinogênese lingual induzida pela 4NQO. Ratos Wistar do sexo masculino foram divididos em três grupos de 10 animais cada e tratados com 50 ppm de 4NQO na água de beber durante quatro, 12 e 20 semanas. Um total de 10 animais foi utilizado como controle negativo. Embora não tenha sido observada alteração histopatológica após 4 semanas de exposição ao carcinógeno, detectou-se survivina no citoplasma das células das camadas granulares e superficiais do epitélio. Nas lesões com atipias após 12 semanas de exposição ao carcinógeno, observou-se survivina citoplasmática apenas na camada superficial do epitélio. Nos carcinomas epidermóides bem diferenciados induzidos após 20 semanas de tratamento com a 4NQO, detectou-se a expressão de survivina citoplasmática nas células adjacentes as pérolas córneas. Não houve imunorreatividade no grupo controle negativo. Diante destes achados, os resultados sugerem que a expressão da survivina citoplasmática é um evento inicial durante a carcinogênese lingual de ratos induzida pela 4NQO, e pode ser uma ferramenta interessante para a identificação de lesões com grande risco de progredir para carcinoma epidermóide das estruturas de revestimento bucal.
Abstract: 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis is a useful model for studying the development of squamous cell carcinoma phase by phase. Taking into consideration apoptosis plays an important role in tumorigenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate the expressivity of survivin, a member of the inhibitor apoptotic protein family, during tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4NQO through immunohistochemistry. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of 10 animals each and treated with 50 ppm 4NQO by drinking water for four, 12 or 20 weeks. A total of ten animals were used as negative control. Although no histological changes were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeds of carcinogen exposure, survivin was detected in the cytoplasm within granular and superficial layers. In dysplastic lesions with 12 weeks of carcinogen exposure, cytoplasmic survivin was evidenced in the superficial layer of epithelium only. In well-differetiated squamous cell carcinoma induced after 20 weeks of treatment with 4NQO, cytoplasmic survivin was expressed in some cells adjacent to keratin pearls. No immunoreativity was detected in the negative control group. Taken together, our results suggest that expression of cytoplasmic/nuclear survivin is an early event during 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis and may provide a useful toll for the identification of lesions at higher risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Orientador: Luiz Antonio Guimarães Cabral
Coorientador: Daniel Araki Ribeiro
Banca: Pablo Gimenes Tavares
Banca: Norberto Nobuo Sugaya
Banca: Janete Dias Almeida
Banca: Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck Brandão
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Silva, Paulo Tadeu da. "Avaliação da citotoxicidade de cimentos endodônticos em relação aos reativos intermediários do oxigênio e nitrogênio em culturas de macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101640.

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Orientador: Renato de Toledo Leonardo
Banca: Celso Kenji Nishiyama
Banca: Abílio Albuquerque Maranhão de Moura
Banca: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
Banca: Idomeo Bonetti Filho
Resumo: Analisou-se a citotoxicidade dos seguintes cimentos: Endofill, Sealapex e Polifil, quanto à liberação de óxido nítrico (NO) e peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) em culturas de macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos e também utilizamos um método de análise colorimétrica usando M.T.T. Concluiu-se que as considerações presentes após os resultados, discussão e constatação os cimentos que apresentaram o menor nível de citotoxicidade foi o Endofill, seguido da equivalência de liberação de Polifil e Sealapex, embora todos foram menos citotóxicos que o Grupo Controle Zimosan-A para H2O2 e o LPS para o NO.
Abstract: It was analyzed the citotoxicity of the following cements Endofill, Sealapex, and Poliol regarding the nitric oxide (NO) release and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the peritoneais macrophages medium of mice in different concentrations and we have also analyzed a colorimetric method using the M.T.T. It was concluded from the considerations which were present in the results, discussion, and verification that the cement which presented the lowest citotoxicity level was the Sealapex followed by the Polifil and the Endofill, although all of them were less citotoxic than the Zimosan-A control group for H2O2 and the LPS for the NO.
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White, Ceri. "Cluster analysis : algorithms, hazards and small area relative survival." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/cluster-analysis(b799eddf-4d11-4cd2-9cd0-3d0480dcaedd).html.

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This thesis presents research that has demonstrated the use of clustering algorithms in the analysis of datasets routinely collected by cancer registries. This involved a review of existing algorithms and their application in studies of spatial and temporal variations in cancer rates. As a result of continuing public and scientific concern there has been an increase in the numbers of cancer related enquiries in recent years that has helped to raise the profile of the work of cancer registries. There are no official guidelines on the approach to be taken in such studies in relation to cluster analysis. In this study, a variety of cluster algorithms were applied to leukaemia data collected by the Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit in order to propose an approach that could be adopted in future investigations of cancer incidence in Wales. For example, different methodologies have been employed to determine if an excess risk occurs near hazardous sources and one of the studies in the portfolio compares the results of using three methods to determine if an increased risk of cancer occurs in the vicinity of landfill sites and electric power lines. This uses new digital products that permit a more detailed estimation of the population at risk and permit a sensitivity analysis of the results of such investigations. In the third portfolio, analysis of relative survival at small area level has been made possible using a new level of geographical resolution that has recently been released in the United Kingdom. This study shows the benefits of using this new level of geography for small area studies of cancer survival where there are generally small numbers of deaths per spatial unit. It is anticipated that together these research studies will be of wider benefit to other registries in the UK charged with investigating spatial and temporal variations in cancer rates.
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Odondi, Lang'O. "Causal modelling of survival data with informative noncompliance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/causal-modelling-of-survival-data-with-informative-noncompliance(74f40dc0-e5d1-46c0-ab2f-ac42a3425ac7).html.

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Noncompliance to treatment allocation is likely to complicate estimation of causal effects in clinical trials. The ubiquitous nonrandom phenomenon of noncompliance renders per-protocol and as- treated analyses or even simple regression adjustments for noncompliance inadequate for causal inference. For survival data, several specialist methods have been developed when noncompliance is related to risk. The Causal Accelerated Life Model (CALM) allows time-dependent departures from randomized treatment in either arm and relates each observed event time to a potential event time that would have been observed if the control treatment had been given throughout the trial. Alternatively, the structural Proportional Hazards (C-Prophet) model accounts for all-or-nothing noncompliance in the treatment arm only while the CHARM estimator allows time-dependent departures from randomized treatment by considering survival outcome as a sequence of binary outcomes to provide an 'approximate' overall hazard ratio estimate which is adjusted for compliance. The problem of efficacy estimation is compounded for two-active treatment trials (additional noncompliance) where the ITT estimate provides a biased estimator for the true hazard ratio even under homogeneous treatment effects assumption. Using plausible arm-specific predictors of compliance, principal stratification methods can be applied to obtain principal effects for each stratum. The present work applies the above methods to data from the Esprit trials study which was conducted to ascertain whether or not unopposed oestrogen (hormone replacement therapy - HRT) reduced the risk of further cardiac events in postmenopausal women who survive a first myocardial infarction. We use statistically designed simulation studies to evaluate the performance of these methods in terms of bias and 95% confidence interval coverage. We also apply a principal stratification method to adjust for noncompliance in two treatment arms trial originally developed for binary data for survival analysis in terms of causal risk ratio. In a Bayesian framework, we apply the method to Esprit data to account for noncompliance in both treatment arms and estimate principal effects. We apply statistically designed simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the method in terms of bias in the causal effect estimates for each stratum. ITT analysis of the Esprit data showed the effects of taking HRT tablets was not statistically significantly different from placebo for both all cause mortality and myocardial reinfarction outcomes. Average compliance rate for HRT treatment was 43% and compliance rate decreased as the study progressed. CHARM and C-Prophet methods produced similar results but CALM performed best for Esprit: suggesting HRT would reduce risk of death by 50%. Simulation studies comparing the methods suggested that while both C-Prophet and CHARM methods performed equally well in terms of bias, the CALM method performed best in terms of both bias and 95% confidence interval coverage albeit with the largest RMSE. The principal stratification method failed for the Esprit study possibly due to the strong distribution assumption implicit in the method and lack of adequate compliance information in the data which produced large 95% credible intervals for the principal effect estimates. For moderate value of sensitivity parameter, principal stratification results suggested compliance with HRT tablets relative to placebo would reduce risk of mortality by 43% among the most compliant. Simulation studies on performance of this method showed narrower corresponding mean 95% credible intervals corresponding to the the causal risk ratio estimates for this subgroup compared to other strata. However, the results were sensitive to the unknown sensitivity parameter.
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Nyberg, Sofia. "EGG BUOYANCY AND SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES OF BALTIC FLOUNDER (PLATICHTHYS FLESUS) : DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPAWNING AREAS AND INTER-ANNUAL VARIATION IN CONDITIONS FOR REPRODUCTION." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305655.

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The reproductive success for pelagic spawning Baltic flounders is strongly linked to the hydrodynamics in the spawning areas. Egg survival is dependent upon the ability to achieve neutral buoyancy at a depth interval where temperature and oxygen concentrations are favourable for egg development. The main focus of this thesis was to compare egg survival probabilities of pelagic eggs from Baltic flounder in the Bornholm, Gdansk and Gotland basins, prior to and after the saline water inflow in December 2014. The results showed greatly enhanced survival probabilities in Bornholm basin 2015 (p<0.01), as egg survival increased from 47% in 2014 to 100% the following year. In Gdansk basin the situation was similar, and survival probability increased from 13% to 100% (p<0.01). In Gotland basin no difference in survival probability was identified, although the dominant cause of mortality shifted from sedimentation, i.e. due to low salinity conditions in 2014, to oxygen deficiency in 2015 (p<0,01).
BONUS INSPIRE-project, the joint Baltic Sea research and development programme (Art 185), funded jointly by the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration and the Swedish Research Council Formas
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Palm, Daniel. "Restoration of streams used for timberfloating : egg to fry survival, fry displacement, over-wintering and population density of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) /." Umeå : Dept. of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007120.pdf.

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Tumber, Anthony Malcolm. "Cellular mechanisms involved in bone cell function and survival." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/cellular-mechanisms-involved-in-bone-cell-function-and-survival(8c185411-92d9-431d-813b-7c6171890880).html.

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Dickie, Ben. "Predicting cancer patient survival using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/predicting-cancer-patient-survival-using-dynamic-contrast-enhanced-mri(146dfe97-f892-4cdf-b916-633e9247093e).html.

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This thesis describes the use of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to study the prognostic role of microvascular physiology and heterogeneity in locally advanced cancers of the cervix, bladder, and head and neck. To increase the utility of DCE-MRI parameters for prognostication and use in heterogeneity analyses, a novel model fitting approach was developed to reduce the error in two-compartment exchange model (2CXM) parameter estimates. Using this method, precision of 2CXM parameters was increased in 35 of 42 experimental conditions (improvements between 4.7% and 50%) and bias reduced in 30 of 42 conditions (reductions between 1.8% and 49%). The prognostic value of plasma flow, permeability surface area product, and contrast agent volume transfer constant were assessed in a cervix cancer dataset. Plasma flow was the most prognostic parameter (HR = 0.25, P = 0.0086), followed by the volume transfer constant (HR = 0.33, P = 0.031), then the permeability surface area product (HR = 0.43, P = 0.090). Inclusion of plasma flow in survival modelling significantly increased the ability to discriminate between patients with short and long disease-free survival, compared to clinicopathologic factors alone (P = 0.043). The universal prognostic value of microvascular heterogeneity was assessed in cervix, bladder, and head and neck datasets. Following estimation of 2CXM parameters for each patient, a selection of previously published heterogeneity biomarkers were computed and entered into a random survival forest variable selection algorithm. Two variables (vvas, Atrans) were identified as universally prognostic and significantly improved discriminative ability of survival models compared to clinicopathologic factors alone (P < 0.001). Gaussian process models were used to decompose statistical and spatial aspects of intratumoural microvascular heterogeneity. When applied to the three cancer datasets described above, statistical variance in plasma flow (P = 0.00025) was universally prognostic and showed greater discriminative ability compared with spatial scale and average microvascular function parameters. The results of this thesis demonstrate that joint fitting reduces error in DCE-MRI parameters. DCE-MRI estimates of plasma flow appear to hold greater prognostic value than the volume transfer constant and permeability surface area product, and microvascular heterogeneity has potential to provide universal prognostic value. The biomarkers vvas, Atrans, and variance in plasma flow, were identified as universally prognostic. Future work should test the reproducibility of these biomarkers for prognostication in independent datasets.
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Weed, Aaron S. "Reproductive strategy of pheropsophus aequinoctialis l. fecundity, fertility, oviposition behavior; and influence of mole cricket egg chamber depth on larval survival /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001010.

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Rajakumar, Vandana. "Study of the Role of EGL-38 PAX in the Developing Egg-Laying System and Germline Cell Survival in Caenorhabditis Elegans." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1166929817.

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32

Tinsley, Heather. "Rhabdomyosarcoma Incidence and Survival in Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics from 1973-2013: Analysis from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6594.

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Purpose Our objectives were to 1) determine the difference in Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) incidence and survival between different race/ethnicity groups, and 2) evaluate the difference in survival of RMS between children and adults of these race/ethnicity groups, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database between 1973-2013. Patients and Methods We analyzed racial characteristic and incidence data from 4,280 patients diagnosed with RMS, between 1973-2013, that were reported to the SEER database. Survival and hazard analyses were conducted on 4,268 patients with known follow-up data, with end point being death from any cause. Results Over the 40-year study period overall RMS incidence rates have experienced a statistically significant decline (APC: -0.78, 95% CI: -1.28 – -0.28). Whites have experienced a significant decline in incidence rates (APC: -1.05, 95% CI: -1.60 – -0.50). Though not statistically significant, incidence rates in Blacks and Hispanics have trended upwards. While adjusted survival was not predicted by race, survival did significantly differ among racial/ethnic groups in children, with Hispanics and “Others” having the lowest 5- and 10-year survival rates (65% and 58% verses 58% and 56%, respectively). Black race/ethnicity was also shown to be a predictor for mortality for the time period 1990-2013. Conclusion Racial/ethnic minorities have worse RMS clinical presentation and incidence rates than Whites. While overall survival is not predicted by race, being an ethnic minority child diagnosed with RMS is predictive of survival. These disparities point towards a genetic component in RMS that has not yet been described.
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Brotherton, Sarah Josephine. "Responses of floodplain grassland plants to extreme climate events : survival, growth and flowering." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2017. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a5ebe0a4-12b2-4565-8738-012be85a0fa4.

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Extreme climate events such as floods and droughts represent major threats to biological diversity, agricultural production and livelihoods. Extreme climate events are of greater magnitude over shorter duration than incremental climate means and are expected to increase in frequency, duration and intensity in response to climate change. Wetlands such as floodplain grasslands provide ecologically diverse and economically productive habitats. Extreme climate events are most likely to affect floodplains through any sudden changes in hydrological regime. However, floodplain plant communities are adapted to regular disturbance from flooding and management, and species carry traits to deal specifically with disturbance regimes unique to floodplains. Floodplains can be utilised as a template to gain insight into wetland responses to climate change. This research aimed to determine the responses of floodplain grassland plants to extreme climate events, specifically hydrological change, by evaluating the responses of repeated extreme flooding on survival, growth and flowering; to ascertain whether different resilience strategies support plants in flooding stress; and to investigate how sustained hydrological change affects plants immediately and over time. Characteristic species from floodplain grasslands were used in mesocosm experiments and field studies. The mesocosm experiments used a repeated flooding scenario, mimicking a real-world extreme flooding event. The field site consisted of two contrasting floodplain grassland communities and hydrologies, and was utilised in a transplant experiment. The key results from both mesocosm and field experiments suggest that acknowledged species’ tolerances to saturated soils, such as the Ellenberg Indicator Values, do not predict actual responses to differing frequencies and durations of flooding. Initial responses to short-term and infrequent flooding may differ from longer-term responses. Flooding frequency is as important as flooding duration in determining species’ ability to ameliorate the consequences of flooding. Results also indicate that, in general, flooding advances flowering across a range of floodplain species, while flowering abundance reduces as flooding duration increases. The resilience strategy of plant-to-plant facilitation specifically fosters elongation of leaves and stems, attributes that enhance plant survival of flooding events. Floodplain grassland plant responses to extreme climate events are variable and dependent on the nature of the event. Longer-term stability may be determined by the frequency and duration of extreme events in conjunction with community composition. Results from this research are important, as they are extendable to gauging wider implications for other wetland communities to extreme climate events.
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Cassar, Claire. "Bacterial survival and decontamination in relation to food contact surfaces." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bacterial-survival-and-decontamination-in-relation-to-food-contact-surfaces(376ed8d4-39c1-439e-9eb4-90a9700266f0).html.

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Goude, Peter. "Survival and transport of Escherichia coli in the aquatic environment." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/survival-and-transport-of-escherichia-coli-in-the-aquatic-environment(0cae12c5-6e29-4907-8cb9-46bfe20e277e).html.

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Shani, Najah Turki. "Multivariate analysis and survival analysis with application to company failure." Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multivariate-analysis-and-survival-analysis-with-application-to-company-failure(a031bf91-13bc-4367-b4fc-e240ab54a73b).html.

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This thesis offers an explanation of the statistical modelling of corporate financial indicators in the context where the life of a company is terminated. Whilst it is natural for companies to fail or close down, an excess of failure causes a reduction in the activity of the economy as a whole. Therefore, studies on business failure identification leading to models which may provide early warnings of impending financial crisis may make some contribution to improving economic welfare. This study considers a number of bankruptcy prediction models such as multiple discriminant analysis and logit, and then introduces survival analysis as a means of modelling corporate failure. Then, with a data set of UK companies which failed, or were taken over, or were still operating when the information was collected, we provide estimates of failure probabilities as a function of survival time, and we specify the significance of financial characteristics which are covariates of survival. Three innovative statistical methods are introduced. First, a likelihood solution is provided to the problem of takeovers and mergers in order to incorporate such events into the dichotomous outcome of failure and survival. Second, we move away from the more conventional matched pairs sampling framework to one that reflects the prior probabilities of failure and construct a sample of observations which are randomly censored, using stratified sampling to reflect the structure of the group of failed companies. The third innovation concerns the specification of survival models, which relate the hazard function to the length of survival time and to a set of financial ratios as predictors. These models also provide estimates of the rate of failure and of the parameters of the survival function. The overall adequacy of these models has been assessed using residual analysis and it has been found that the Weibull regression model fitted the data better than other parametric models. The proportional hazard model also fitted the data adequately and appears to provide a promising approach to the prediction of financial distress. Finally, the empirical analysis reported in this thesis suggests that survival models have lower classification error than discriminant and logit models.
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Li, Qiuju. "Statistical inference for joint modelling of longitudinal and survival data." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/statistical-inference-for-joint-modelling-of-longitudinal-and-survival-data(65e644f3-d26f-47c0-bbe1-a51d01ddc1b9).html.

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In longitudinal studies, data collected within a subject or cluster are somewhat correlated by their very nature and special cares are needed to account for such correlation in the analysis of data. Under the framework of longitudinal studies, three topics are being discussed in this thesis. In chapter 2, the joint modelling of multivariate longitudinal process consisting of different types of outcomes are discussed. In the large cohort study of UK north Stafforshire osteoarthritis project, longitudinal trivariate outcomes of continuous, binary and ordinary data are observed at baseline, year 3 and year 6. Instead of analysing each process separately, joint modelling is proposed for the trivariate outcomes to account for the inherent association by introducing random effects and the covariance matrix G. The influence of covariance matrix G on statistical inference of fixed-effects parameters has been investigated within the Bayesian framework. The study shows that by joint modelling the multivariate longitudinal process, it can reduce the bias and provide with more reliable results than it does by modelling each process separately. Together with the longitudinal measurements taken intermittently, a counting process of events in time is often being observed as well during a longitudinal study. It is of interest to investigate the relationship between time to event and longitudinal process, on the other hand, measurements taken for the longitudinal process may be potentially truncated by the terminated events, such as death. Thus, it may be crucial to jointly model the survival and longitudinal data. It is popular to propose linear mixed-effects models for the longitudinal process of continuous outcomes and Cox regression model for survival data to characterize the relationship between time to event and longitudinal process, and some standard assumptions have been made. In chapter 3, we try to investigate the influence on statistical inference for survival data when the assumption of mutual independence on random error of linear mixed-effects models of longitudinal process has been violated. And the study is conducted by utilising conditional score estimation approach, which provides with robust estimators and shares computational advantage. Generalised sufficient statistic of random effects is proposed to account for the correlation remaining among the random error, which is characterized by the data-driven method of modified Cholesky decomposition. The simulation study shows that, by doing so, it can provide with nearly unbiased estimation and efficient statistical inference as well. In chapter 4, it is trying to account for both the current and past information of longitudinal process into the survival models of joint modelling. In the last 15 to 20 years, it has been popular or even standard to assume that longitudinal process affects the counting process of events in time only through the current value, which, however, is not necessary to be true all the time, as recognised by the investigators in more recent studies. An integral over the trajectory of longitudinal process, along with a weighted curve, is proposed to account for both the current and past information to improve inference and reduce the under estimation of effects of longitudinal process on the risk hazards. A plausible approach of statistical inference for the proposed models has been proposed in the chapter, along with real data analysis and simulation study.
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Barwood, Martin James. "Psychophysiology of survival : the impact of psychological strategies on the physiological responses to thermal environments." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/psychophysiology-of-survival(5abcbf6a-c797-468f-bbf2-3a62e999d79d).html.

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The work described in this thesis was conducted to assess the contribution psychological skills training (PST) including goal-setting, relaxation strategies, mental imagery and positive self-talk, can make to the capability to suppress or tolerate the physiological responses to thermally stressful environments. PST, a technique originally developed in sport psychology studies, was specifically tailored to aid individuals in adverse conditions, thereby providing some insight in to the contribution psychological factors can make to survival. This approach was designed to provide some idea of the contribution the will to survive may make in hazardous and threatening circumstances. We hypothesised that psychological training could significantly alter the responses elicited by thermal stimuli. The assumption was that psychological skills that have proven to be efficacious under psychological and physiological stress in challenging sporting environments, could also prove influential in more hazardous thermal environments. Study I examined the influence of mental imagery on the vasomotor responses to thermoneutral (26-28°C), cool (12.5°C) and warm (40°C) air in twelve healthy male subjects. We assessed whether hot and cold mental images could alter peripheral vasomotor tone and thermal perception in these environments. This study was conducted to quantify the influence of a psychological skill whilst at rest and in an environment with few external stimuli. Comparisons between control and mental imagery periods (hot and cold), both before and after mental imagery training, suggested that a single psychological skill has a limited capacity to alter the largely involuntary vasomotor responses to thermoneutral, cool, and warm air as only transient and insignificant effects were observed. There is also only a limited impact of this type of mental practice on thermal perception in a thermoneutral (26-28°C) environment. The null hypothesis was therefore accepted. The subsequent study (study 2) examined the impact of a package of psychological skills on the responses that are recognised as being under greater voluntary control at rest, but have been thought to be involuntary following acute cold-water stimulation, namely breath-holding. This study involved 32 healthy male subjects completing two immersions into cold-water (I VC), an activity that significantly reduces maximal breath-hold time and that can be a precursor to drowning following accidental immersion. On immersion the subjects were required to breath-hold for as long as possible. Following an initial breath-hold immersion subjects were ranked in order of lowest to highest breath-hold time (BHwater,), and allocated to either a control group (CG: BRm, r time mean [s. d]; n= 16: 24.01 [6.72] sec) or a psychological intervention group (PIG: n= 16: 24.66 [14.60] sec). Over the 7-day period between immersions the CG continued normal daily activity whereas the PIG completed five 1-hour PST sessions comprising goal-setting, relaxation strategies, mental imagery and positive self-talk; the final session provided a summary of the first 4 skills. Subjects then completed a second breath-hold immersion during which the PIG recorded a significantly longer breath-hold time after psychological intervention compared to the CG (BHwater4: 4.25 [31.63] sec; CG: 21.34 [16.3 1 ]; P=0.026). PST conferred an almost 80% improvement in BHwater suggesting psychological factors may significantly influence the respiratory responses to cold-water immersion providing the first indication of the influence of mental 'will' in such conditions. Study 3 examined the impact of PST on maximal BHwater following coldhabituation, thus assessing the extent to which habituation to cold water includes a conscious psychological component. Twenty healthy, non-habituated male subjects completed an initial immersion into cold-water (I2°C whilst breath-holding (BHwater) and were subsequently matched and allocated to one of two groups, a habituation only group (HAB, n= 10: BHwater22.00 [10.33] sec) and a habituation plus PST group (H-PST, n= 10: 22.38 [10.65]sec). In the interim period (7-10 days) between breath-hold immersions all subjects completed 5 free breathing immersions into cold-water (12°C). In addition, the H-PST group completed the same PST intervention as used in study 2, aimed at consciously increasing maximal BHwater time on immersion. After their respective interventions all subjects completed a second breath-hold immersion. Results showed that the habituation regimen significantly reduced the cardiorespiratory responses to immersion in both groups by a similar magnitude. Significant changes took place in both groups by the 4th habituation immersion. Statisicial analysis showed no significant differences between groups in BHwater (P = 0.299) indicating PST did not have a significant and additive effect upon the ability to breath-hold on immersion after habituation (HAB, n= 10:BHwater 36.31 [23.88] sec; H-PST, n= 10: 49.25 [30.87]). Study 4 examined the influence of a PST package on the voluntarybehavioural responses to prolonged thermal stress whilst exercising (30°C for 90minutes). Eighteen subjects completed a total of 3 exercise trials in the heat in whichthey were required to run as far as possible on a treadmill until exhaustion occurred,or the allotted time expired. Following trial 2 subjects were matched and allocated toeither a CG or PIG based on the variability in run performance shown between trial Iand 2. The groups alos did not significantly differ based on maximal oxygen uptake,or sum of skinfold (s. o. s) measurement but were not matched on these criteria. As with study 2, the CG continued normal daily activity between trials 2 and 3 whereas the PIG completed a version of the previously used PST package tailored to help them cope with the unpleasant sensations associated with elevated deep body temperature and prolonged exercise in the heat. Inter-trial variability was 1.70 [2.82]% between trial I and 2 in the CG versus 0.98% [5.28] in the PIG. Between trial 2 and 3 the CG improved by 2.74% [4.03] whereas the PIG ran 6.88% [5.82] further in trial 3. In percentage terms, the PIG ran significantly further in trial 3. The mechanism underpinning the change in performance in the PIG was not statistically linked to any of the physiological variables measured. Overall, the findings suggest PST may also influence the capacity to tolerate the unpleasant physiological responses to exercise in the heat, but were less influential than in the cold. The possible mechanisms underpinning the changes that take place with PSTare considered. It is concluded that psychological skills training significantlyinfluenced the physiological responses over which there is greatest voluntary controlThe present work demonstrates the potential role psychological factors may play in surviving certain conditions and scenarios which involve the choice to tolerate or suppress the evoked responses to thermal stimuli or, to succumb to the environmental conditions. The distinction between individuals in making this choice may be a product of mental will and provides the first evidence that the will to survive may have some genuine foundation between being a victim or a survivor following accidental exposure.
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Jenson, Emily A. "Survival of egg, neonate and wandering-phase larvae of the Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)) exposed to surface and aerosol applications of methoprene." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/917.

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40

Makachiya, Hazvinei Elsie. "The effect of deprivation and comorbidity on survival in patients with head and neck cancer." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/370a6653-8d48-4430-8e28-913adadf8c29.

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Introduction: Research suggests that patients with head and neck cancer from poorer backgrounds are more likely to have recurrences or die earlier than similar patients from affluent backgrounds. Survival is influenced by tumour characteristics on presentation and a range of individual factors such as socioeconomic status and comorbidity. Deprived patients of more advanced age have a higher likelihood of having comorbidity; this may be due to high-risk lifestyle behaviours such as smoking and drinking. Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that survival will be lower in these deprived patients which can be attributed to comorbidity compared to index diseases such as the head and neck cancer itself. Survival rates for head and neck cancer patients are approximately 50% in the first five years in Scotland. This is dependent on a range of individual and tumour-related factors such as head and neck cancer sub-type and stage at diagnosis. The risk of head and neck cancer developing in deprived patients has been likened to that of developing head and neck cancer in heavy smokers. While the relationship between deprivation and comorbidity in head and neck cancer has been established, how both factors affect survival is yet to be explored. Reviewing these two factors individually has demonstrated the need to assess how both interact with each other in determining clinical presentation and survival. Aim: The aims of this thesis are:- 1. To investigate the roles and interrelationship between comorbidity and deprivation on the survival of HNC patients. 2. To investigate whether there are differences in HNC presentation based on comorbidity and deprivation. 3. To ascertain whether patients from deprived backgrounds with comorbidity present with more advanced cancers. Methods: In order to answer the research questions, this project began by describing the index disease, HNC and how comorbidity and deprivation are placed within the epidemiology of this disease using systematic review methods. The rationale for embarking upon this study was highlighted. Data linkage of administrative datasets We used anonymised patient data that was accessed through an encrypted repository held by the Health Informatics Centre. The data that was used in the retrospective cohort analysis was obtained from a prospective dataset collected by the Fife Head and Neck cancer Specialist Nurse (Fife data) and a retrospective case note review from the Tayside oncology records held by the Ear Nose and Throat Department and the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery team. Thereafter we matched the patient data with that from routine medical datasets such the Scottish Morbidity Records, SMR01- inpatient discharges and SMR06 – Cancer Registry data. We conducted survival analysis methods with the intent of assessing the impact of both comorbidity and deprivation in determining survival. Results: The systematic review found that worsening levels of comorbidity were linked to reduced survival whereas patients with low incomes and poor educational attainment also had poor survival outcomes. Being young and having severe comorbidity appeared to also be associated with poorer survival. In the retrospective cohort analysis, the level of association between risk of death with comorbidity and deprivation could not be clearly ascertained in the patients from Fife. The Tayside data to a larger extent supported the systematic review findings particularly for the comorbidity measures with clearly defined measures of association for the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation income and education domains. Conclusions: This thesis was able to use evidence triangulation by way of a systematic review of the literature followed by a retrospective cohort analysis to investigate what influence on prognosis both comorbidity and deprivation posed in patients with head and neck cancer. There was substantiation of both factors interacting with head and neck cancer to cause a significantly reduced impact on survival. The inherent difficulties of measuring socioeconomic status and comorbidity encountered in this thesis may go some way towards illustrating the complexity and multifaceted nature of both comorbidity and socioeconomic status; particularly the quite complex interplay between socioeconomic status, comorbidity, stage at diagnosis, and access to care in head and neck cancer, and these factors’ ultimate impact on survival. We found that socioeconomic status i.e. deprivation, comorbidity, stage at diagnosis, access to care, and survival are all potentially causally related. Future work directed at using administrative data linked to medical records would not be sufficient; there is need for epidemiological and clinical studies to unravel the survival disadvantage. To this end clinical cohorts could be nested within larger registry based studies which would allow for uniform interventions based on clinical practice guidelines, uniform SES measurement and ascertainment of comorbidity using a head and neck cancer comorbidity index, i.e. the Washington University Head and Neck Cancer Index.
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41

Wadsworth, Caroline. "Ancient proteomics : an investigation into protein survival in archaeological cattle bone." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ancient-proteomics-an-investigation-into-protein-survival-in-archaeological-cattle-bone(39079d56-930b-486f-a775-a3a791179f1f).html.

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Biomolecular archaeology is a rapidly expanding field which uses scientific techniques to investigate organic remains from archaeological sites. Proteins and DNA are the most biologically informative molecules that can be studied in ancient bone, although the analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) has dominated the field for the past thirty years despite problems with sample contamination with extant DNA. Advances in proteomics techniques in the last two decades have resulted in sensitive instruments which can detect very low concentrations (picomoles) of proteins in complex mixtures, and which are suitable for the analysis of potentially damaged ancient proteins due to low-energy ‘soft’ ionisation techniques. The development of such techniques combined with the fact that proteins can provide biologically informative data while avoiding some of the problems facing aDNA analysis has caused a recent increase in interest in the study of ancient proteins. Despite this, little is still known about the ancient bone proteome and the potential longevity of useful proteins in ancient bone. This thesis uses conventional shotgun proteomics methodologies to investigate the temporal limits of protein survival and the potential utility of non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) in ancient bovine bone. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to a range of ancient bovine bone samples of different ages (10,000 to 1.5 million years) from different burial environments. The results presented here indicate that collagen survives well in ancient bone, being identified in the oldest sample tested here (1.5 million years old) and that NCPs are relatively long lived and survive in detectable quantities in bone samples up to 900,000 years old. Additionally it appears that some of these long-lived NCPs, such as fetuin-A, have enough sequence variation between species that they may be useful for phylogenetic analyses. This study has also shown that waste fractions from stable isotope and radiocarbon dating analyses of ancient bone, which are routine in archaeological science, contain useful NCPs and therefore may be a source of biological information that is currently being overlooked. One attractive potential application of ancient proteomics is as a screening method for the presence of aDNA in an ancient bone sample. Such an approach would require the identification of protein biomarkers which correlate with the presence or absence of aDNA in a sample. However, the attempts made in this thesis to assess the efficacy of proteomics as a screening method for the presence of aDNA by comparing mtDNA and proteome data from ancient bone failed to identify any suitable protein biomarkers. This suggests that proteomics may be useful in phylogenetic analyses of samples which are older than the proposed survival limits of aDNA but is not a useful screening method for aDNA in ancient bone. Additionally, proteins and DNA probably survive in ancient bone via different mechanisms; aDNA preservation may be more reliant on adsorption to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone.
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42

Sadli, Adem. "Notch3 signalling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cell growth and survival." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/notch3-signalling-pathway-in-vascular-smooth-muscle-cell-growth-and-survival(ee3b0663-5fa9-43bb-a7d3-f9c52fb8ade1).html.

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Notch3 signalling in vascular smooth muscle cell growth and survival VSMCs are the major components of the arterial wall. Under physiological conditions VSMCs exhibit a contractile phenotype, although possessing the capacity of phenotypic transition. The plasticity of VSMCs enables them to gain proliferative features which contribute to the pathologies of common vascular diseases in response to diverse stimuli. Hence, the stability of VSMCs in cell growth and survival is essential for maintaining proper arterial function. Diverse signalling pathways and growth factors have been identified as being important in the regulation of VSMC behaviour, and the Notch signalling is a relatively new participant. Proteins of Notch family are transmembrane receptors that transduce signals from neighbouring cells. Among the four Notch receptor subtypes, Notch3 is mainly expressed in VSMCs in small arteries. NOTCH3 gene mutation causes a human genetic stroke syndrome, CADASIL which is featured by systemic VSMC degeneration, suggesting the importance of Notch3 signalling in VSMC growth and survival. Although there is some knowledge for the Notch3 signalling in the regulation of VSMC proliferation and apoptosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying such regulation are largely unknown. By overexpressing the constitutive active form of human Notch3 (N3IC), it was confirmed that Notch3 promotes VSMC proliferation and protects VSMCs against apoptosis in primary rat aortic SMCs. It was also shown that Akt mediated both Notch3-induced VSMC proliferation and protection of serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis; while Erk 1/2 only contributed to Notch3-induced VSMC proliferation. In addition, the activation of PI3K/Akt was significantly blocked by PDGFR inhibitor, even in serum-free conditions, suggesting an intrinsic effect of Notch3 on PDGFR function without the requirement of the exogenous ligand, PDGF. It was also shown that Notch3 inhibits GSK-3α/ by phosphorylation and this effect was not blocked by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor, suggesting an alternative Akt-independent mechanism exists by which Notch3 regulates GSK-3 activity. Furthermore, using apoptosis pathway PCR arrays a number of apoptotic genes including BCL2 that were regulated by Notch3 activation in human VSMCs were identified. Notch3 also up-regulates the expression of its ligand Jagged1 in a PI3K/Akt dependent manner. Interestingly, Notch2 was significantly down-regulated and Notch1 was mildly upregulated by Notch3. In addition, an age-dependent increase in the expression of Notch3 in SMCs of the aortic root from 8 to 16 weeks old mice was identified, however, this declined in aged mice (24 weeks). These findings suggest a model for Notch3 function which is integrally involved in multiple signalling pathways in the regulation of VSMC growth and survival. It is hoped that these findings will contribute to the current knowledge of vascular biology and provide the basis for future studies on the development of potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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43

Brännäs, Eva. "Effects of abiotic and biotic factors on hatching, emergence and survival in Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.)." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Biologi, miljö- och geovetenskap, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141051.

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This thesis deals with important factors that affect the temporal organization of emergence and early survival of Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The study population was obtained from the Norrfors hatchery (63°50'N,20°05'E), Umeälven (Ume river) in Northern Sweden. The main objectives of the thesis has been to study; a: the effect of female and egg characteristics on embryonic survival, b: the effect of egg size, temperature and photoperiod on the emergence pattern and c: the impact of early or late emergence on survival in relation to predation and limited territorial space. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) Fecundity and egg size increased with increasing weight of females. No effect of female size were found on egg colour. Longer impoundment and later stripping increase egg colour. Egg mortality was not correlated with egg colour. Stripping date was found to have the strongest effect on mortality. (2) Egg size had no effect on the timing of emergence but fry of different egg size emerged synchronously. Fry from large eggs left the gravel as heavier fry and with a larger proportion of yolk left compared to fry from small eggs. (3) The number of days and number of degree days from hatching to 50% emergence decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. Synchronization of emergence increased with increasing temperature. Fry emerged with more yolk at 12 °C compared to 6 °C. (4) Eggs kept in a LD 16:8 light regime hatched mainly during the light period, while eggs kept in constant darkness hatched continously over a 24 hour period. Alevins kept at different light regimes (light>4h) from hatching until emergence left the gravel during the dark period. Daylength had no effect on the annual onset of emergence. (5) In a laboratory stream channel, predator presence at emergence increased mortality especially in early emerging fry. If the predator was introduced after completed emergence high mortality was noted among late emerging fry. The presence of fish predators and a limited territorial space for fry seemed to make early and late emergence hazardous and to favour a "peak" emergence. In the presence of a predator the fry changed their behaviour by reducing their swimming activity.
digitalisering@umu.se
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44

Rowshanravan, Behzad. "Investigation of the role of rasgap in promoting neuronal survival in Drosophila." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-of-the-role-of-rasgap-in-promoting-neuronal-survival-in-drosophila(e81aef19-f68b-4079-ba18-c9bc7e937e7f).html.

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RasGAP is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) that deactivates Ras by promoting Ras-GTP hydrolysis to Ras-GDP. In Drosophila melanogaster, RasGAP is required for the long-term survival of neurons in the adult brain because mutants in the RasGAP gene (vap) show an age-related neurodegenerative phenotype, with dying neurons showing morphological features of autophagy. RasGAP was shown to have a GAP-independent role within fly neurons that is dependent on its SH2 domains. The aim of this study was to identify proteins that interact with the SH2 domains of RasGAP and to understand the roles of these proteins in neuronal survival. By using tagged RasGAP affinity purification and mass spectrometry of RasGAP protein complexes from S2 cells, Sprint, a Ras effector and putative activator of the endocytic GTPase Rab5, was identified as a novel SH2-dependent RasGAP interacting protein. The interaction between Sprint and RasGAP is phosphotyrosine-dependent, since it requires tyrosine phosphorylation of Sprint. In addition, Sprint and RasGAP interaction requires the SH2 domains of RasGAP but not Sprint or the conserved site of RasGAP tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr363), indicating an association between these two molecules. RasGAP and Sprint co-localised with Rab5-positive early endosomes and this co-localisation depended on the SH2 domains of both RasGAP and Sprint. This study demonstrates a key role for this interaction in neurodegeneration: mutation of Sprint (or Rab5) suppressed the autophagic neuronal cell death caused by the loss of RasGAP. These results indicate that the long-term survival of adult neurons in Drosophila depends on a critical balance between Ras activation and endocytosis, and that this balance is maintained by the interplay between RasGAP and Sprint.
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45

Douglas, Caitlin Margaret Scott. "The distribution and survival of riparian trees along a dammed ephemeral river." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-distribution-and-survival-of-riparian-trees-along-a-dammed-ephemeral-river(d37f0de9-a994-462b-86ce-21c7c8b7dd94).html.

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Ephemeral rivers are a particular type of dryland river which only flow during and immediately after rain events. Despite their important social and ecological roles in drylands we know very little about the ecosystems or their sensitivity to human activities. This PhD investigates drivers of riparian tree distribution, recruitment and dieback along a dammed ephemeral river; and also investigates wider changes that have occurred to the riparian ecosystem and stakeholders’ perceptions of these changes. A variety of methods are used such as ecological and social surveys, remote sensing and archival searches. The study system is the Swakop River in Namibia; the largest catchment of the country’s westerly flowing ephemeral rivers. In the 1970s two large dams were installed in the upper catchment of the river to supply water to central Namibia, including the capital city of Windhoek. In order of abundance, the riparian woody vegetation community of the Swakop River is composed of Prosopis species (an invasive species introduced in the 1900s), Tamarix usneoides, Faidherbia albida, Salvadora persica, Vachellia erioloba, Euclea pseudebenus and Vachellia tortilis. Although no net change in woodland extent is observed, the woodlands decreased in density by 18%. This reduction in density is consistent with the considerable mortality observed in the riparian trees: 51% of all F. albida, 29% of V. tortilis, 26% of Prosopis spp., 25% of E. pseudebenus and 23% of V. erioloba. The river’s longitudinal profile from the interior of Namibia towards the coast is associated with an increasingly drier climate. This climatic gradient is the most consistently implicated driver of riparian tree occurrence, recruitment and dieback. This study also indicates that tributaries may play an important role in tree population dynamics along ephemeral rivers and may help mitigate the negative effects of damming.
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46

Testoni, Ewelina. "Somatically mutated ABL1 is an actionable and essential lung cancer survival gene." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/somatically-mutated-abl1-is-an-actionable-and-essential-lung-cancer-survival-gene(dcad7a6e-7614-4410-ad45-7e8de1e3efac).html.

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Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 90% of lung cancers and worldwide this affects 1.37 million patients each year. Lack of actionable mutations in lung cancer presents a significant hurdle in the development of targeted therapies for this disease. The current study identifies somatically mutated ABL1 as a genetic dependency that is required to maintain lung cancer cell survival. Results: NSCLC cell lines carrying ABL1 mutations (H1915 cells homozygous for ABL1-R351W and H2210 cells heterozygous for ABL1-G340L) were sensitive to ABL inhibitors, imatinib and dasatinib. Additionally, imatinib suppressed growth of H1915-derived lung tumour xenografts. The specificity of these pharmacological responses was verified by overexpression of drug resistant ABL1 kinase, which fully rescued the drug-induced cytotoxicities both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, H1915 and H2110 cells, but not the control lung cancer cell lines expressing wild type ABL1, were sensitive to ABL1 knockdown, emphasising the importance of the mutated ABL1 kinases in maintaining lung tumorigenic phenotypes. Molecular dynamic simulations indicated that ABL1 mutations induce conformational changes in the kinase domain, leading to increased activity of the mutant ABL1 proteins. Specifically, R351W substitution would shift critical regions of the kinase, DFG motif and αC- helix, into a more active conformation and G340L mutation would stabilise the active kinase conformation. Consistent with these data, transient overexpression of the ABL1 mutants identified in a lung cancer cell line and in primary lung cancer samples resulted in increased downstream signalling, relative to wild type ABL1. Lastly, mutated ABL1 proteins were shown to be primarily localised to the cytosol, which is associated with the mitogenic and survival activities of the mutationally altered ABL1 kinases. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates for the first time that somatic ABL1 mutations identified in NSCLC increase kinase activity, promoting cell survival or proliferation, and these effects can be prevented by pharmacological ABL inhibition. These data suggest that NSCLC patients presenting with ABL1 mutations (approximately 1.5%) could be stratified for treatment with clinically available ABL inhibitors, such as imatinib.
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47

Niksic, Maja. "Public cancer awareness and cancer survival in England : recognition of cancer symptoms and perception of barriers to seeking medical help in relation to breast, lung and bowel cancer survival in England." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/public-cancer-awareness-and-cancer-survival-in-england(d8715922-6635-4840-8c4f-66c26adbf0c2).html.

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48

Melo, Fernanda das GraÃas Costa. "AnÃlise de sobrevida de pacientes renais crÃnicos em hemodiÃlise." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=371.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
O elevado nÃmero de pacientes renais crÃnicos em hemodiÃlise no Brasil e a escassez de dados acerca de sua sobrevida justificam a necessidade da realizaÃÃo de estudos nesse campo. Conhecer o perfil de morbidades dessa populaÃÃo e verificar as taxas de sobrevivÃncia desses indivÃduos. Estudo observacional longitudinal retrospectivo, de seguimento de pacientes renais crÃnicos em hemodiÃlise por mais de trÃs meses, em cinco unidades de diÃlise de Fortaleza (CE). Pacientes de 18-88 anos de idade foram incluÃdos no estudo no perÃodo de janeiro/1998 a dezembro/2000 e acompanhados atà dezembro/2004. Os dados foram obtidos mediante registros em arquivos nos respectivos centros de tratamento, atravÃs de formulÃrio padronizado com informaÃÃes acerca de dados sÃcio-demogrÃficos, histÃria clÃnica, uso de medicamentos e parÃmetros laboratoriais. Na anÃlise estatÃstica foram utilizados o teste exato de Fisher, Student (t) e Wilcoxon; considerando-se o nÃvel de significÃncia p < 0,05. As curvas de sobrevida foram construÃdas pelo mÃtodo de Kaplan-meier e com teste de diferenÃa por log rank. Foram acompanhados 239 pacientes com uma mÃdia de idade de 45  16,6 anos; a maioria pertencia ao sexo masculino e era casada (56,9% e 54,0%, respectivamente). Os principais diagnÃsticos de base da doenÃa renal crÃnica em fase terminal foram: o diabetes mellitus, a hipertensÃo arterial, as glomerulonefrites e as causas indeterminadas (19,7%, 19,2%, 13,4% e 28,0%). Dentre as comorbidades, as mais freqÃentes foram: hipertensÃo arterial (64,0%), infecÃÃes (55,2%), diabetes mellitus (20,1%) e doenÃa cardÃaca (20,1%). Ao tÃrmino do estudo, 49 pacientes foram a Ãbito (20,5%). Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram os relacionados ao sistema cardiovascular (50,3%), sendo os agentes com aÃÃo no sistema renina-angiontensina (21,8%) e outros anti-hipertensivos (10,0%) os mais usados. Dos pacientes acompanhados, 81,2% usaram ferro endovenoso e 89,1%, eritropoetina recombinante humana. A sobrevida atuarial foi de 94,3%, 88,9%, 84,4%, 78,7% e 75,5%, aos 12, 24, 36, 48 e 60 meses, respectivamente. Os pacientes diabÃticos apresentaram sobrevida significantemente inferior aos nÃo-diabÃticos (p<0,001). Pacientes brancos (p=0,004), aqueles com mais de 60 anos (p<0,001) e, os que usaram uma dose de ferro inferior a 8000mg (p=0,002) tambÃm apresentaram sobrevida significantemente menor. A sobrevida atuarial foi de 94,3%, 88,9%, 84,4%, 78,7% e 75,5%, aos 12, 24, 36, 48 e 60 meses, respectivamente.
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49

Wulaningsih, Wahyu. "Inflammation and breast cancer : clinical markers and impact on breast cancer incidence, severity and survival." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/inflammation-and-breast-cancer(d98e1522-bc00-488a-8010-33ba59ed4ee4).html.

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This thesis investigated whether inflammation is implicated in breast cancer aetiology and survival. For this purpose, circulating markers of inflammation and inflammatory clinical disorders were studied in relation to the risk, severity, and survival of breast cancer in a large Swedish cohort, the Apolipoprotein MORtality RISk Study (AMORIS), which includes >800,000 participants in Greater Stockholm area. Common inflammatory markers: serum C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, haptoglobin and white blood cells (WBC) were examined in relation to breast cancer risk and survival using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Proportional odds models were employed to assess these markers with regards to breast cancer severity. Systemic inflammation was shown to be weakly associated with breast cancer risk and survival. Allergy, which has been increasingly linked to cancer in part through inflammation, was also evaluated using serum allergen-specific IgE against inhalant allergens. Overall, serum specific IgE was inversely associated with the risk of cancer particularly in women. A similar but weaker trend was seen for breast cancer. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of inflammation and metabolic alterations in cancer, was studied in relation to cancer survival. Among breast cancer patients, women with higher serum LDH were associated with worse overall survival, suggesting its relevance in breast cancer growth and progression. Associations between components of metabolic syndrome, which has often been linked to inflammation, and breast cancer survival were evaluated using prediagnostic serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. In a competing risk analysis using latent class proportional hazard models, this association differed by patients characteristics, indicating a complex link where competing outcomes are involved. In summary, findings derived from this thesis contribute to a further understanding of the role of inflammation in breast cancer, and may provide directions towards future mechanistic and clinical research.
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Scott, Elizabeth. "The survival and transfer of potentially pathogenic bacteria from environmental sites and surfaces." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-survival-and-transfer-of-potentially-pathogenic-bacteria-from-environmental-sites-and-surfaces(23b8e7b3-c7b2-495a-8a6f-0dee3cb90e86).html.

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