Academic literature on the topic 'Survival of MSEs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Survival of MSEs"
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Adamolekun, Wole, J. A. Obadeyi, Sunday Oseiweh Ogbeide, and A. A. Akande. "Microfinance Institution (MFIs) and Survival of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs): Empirical Evidence of TraderMoni Scheme Beneficiaries in South-Western Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.83.9723.
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Deregulation in Microfinance Institution (MFIs) in accordance with regulatory policy architecture since 2005 has not fully stimulated sustainability towards the informal system due to the inability of MFIs to access funds and government to judiciously administer credits to beneficiaries of various schemes; this has led to the partial collapse of some schemes in Nigeria; despite Government good intentions of creating employment and alleviating poverty. In view of this, this study assessed Microfinance Institution (MFIs) and Survival of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs): Empirical evidence of tradermoni scheme beneficiaries in South-Western Nigeria. The study adopted Tedeschi model (2006) that examined incentives available for borrowers to repay loans. Furthermore, reference was made to Markov Chain model to investigate the response of individual borrower as an applicant and beneficiary of tradermoni scheme in the context of this study. Eighteen MFIs were sampled from 2009 – 2020. Panel data was adopted for the study. The result showed mixed influences of MFIs on survival of MSEs. We are hopeful that findings of this paper would help to fill the existing gap on the influence of MFIs on the survival of MSEs.
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Tandelilin, Elsye, Dwi Ratmawati, and Tri Siwi Agustina. "An exploration of ethnic entrepreneurial values and characteristics in MSEs." BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) 13, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v13n2.p148-162.
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Entrepreneurship is one aspect that can encourage economic growth in a country through the creation of goods and services, it can improve the welfare of society. However, the survival of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) is still lower. Even though the number of MSEs in Indonesia has increased, the failure elevates. Variables that can increase the success of MSEs include the values and characteristics of the entrepreneur. This paper explores the entrepreneurial values and characteristics of Chinese, Javanese, and Madurese ethics in MSEs. This study uses a case study approach by using in-depth interviews to explore detailed information. The data source is primary data with six informants from three different ethnicities (Chinese, Javanese, and Madurese). The results demonstrate that Indonesian Chinese entrepreneurs uphold values and dominant perseverance, hard work, guanxi, honesty, personal trust, and confucianism values. Meanwhile, Javanese entrepreneur implements family values, spirituality, innate, paternalism, creativity, deliberation, and harmony. Finally, Madurese entrepreneur emphasizes obedience/surrender to parents, fraternity, and natural behaviour.
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Peter Kibas; Geoffrey Kamau, Martin Lubowa;. "Influence of Guerrilla Skills on Micro and Small Enterprise Survival in Wakiso District, Uganda." Editon Consortium Journal of Business and Management Studies 2, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjbms.v2i1.149.
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This study examined the influence of Guerrilla skills on Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) survival in Wakiso district, Uganda. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of guerrilla skills on profitability, stability and continuous resource availability of the Micro and Small Enterprises in Wakiso District, Uganda. Multiple sampling methods were used to derive a sample of 306 MSEs and a cross-sectional survey research design was used and adopted a positivist approach. The study used quantitative approaches which involved descriptive analysis (frequencies, percentages tables) and inferential statistics (linear regression). Raw data was captured into SPSS (version 16). Results revealed that Guerrilla skills had a positive and statistically significant influence on profitability, stability and continuous resource availability leading to increased enterprise survival. It also revealed that guerrilla skills have a positive and statistically significant influence on the survival of MSEs in Wakiso district, Uganda and accounted for 29.6 per cent of the variation in Micro and Small enterprise survival. MSE owner/managers need to develop, improve and utilize guerrilla skills in running their businesses. They should utilize resources within their surrounding maximally and be ahead of the competitors by utilizing unconventional low-cost tactics not known to their competitors and are difficult to copy. Similarly, programs to improve MSE owners/managers' guerrilla skills be implemented to enhance MSE survival. Curriculum developers need to design programs that will involve learners to apply guerrilla skills.
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AMAGWU, Francis Ibeawuchi, and Uzochukwu AMAKOM. "Determinants of Microfinance Sources by Micro and Small Enterprise (MSEs) Clusters in South-East Nigeria." Journal of Business Theory and Practice 7, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v7n1p1.
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<p><em>The source of microfinance is important and at the centre of every enterprise survival, profitability and growth that can trigger achievement of the expected roles and objectives. The main thrust of this study, therefore, is to understand the determinants of the choice of microfinance sources and level of support from funds providers. The study employed multi-stage sampling technique in identifying clusters from three cities (Onitsha, Aba and Nnewi) of the South East, Nigeria and generated relevant data through instruments such as questionnaire, personal interviews and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs). Using logit regression, the study found that interest rate, repayment period, amount or volume of capital and proximity to enterprises as the major determinants of the choice of microfinance source used by MSEs in South East, Nigeria. The study concluded that microfinance providers should be located closer to MSEs’ location for quicker response to their financing needs to the extent of taking advantage of social capital existing within the clusters as a possible cushion for the physical collaterals and documentations often requested for loan approvals. The study recommends that microfinance policy framework and interventions should encourage providers to locate closer to the enterprise clusters with the appropriate regulatory guarantee for operators.</em><em></em></p>
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Juárez Pérez, Sagrario. "Estudio cuasiexperimental de imagen pública en mypes de Tehuacán y la región." Revista Relayn - Micro y Pequeñas empresas en Latinoamérica 3, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46990/relayn.2019.3.2.61.
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El siguiente documento determina si los Mype empresarios de la zona de estudio pueden evaluar cuantitativamente la imagen Pública de las Mypes, a través de una investigación concluyente a partir de un cuasi experimento. Se hace la investigación con tres cientos ochenta y cuatro empresarios, los resultados son alentadores puesto que logran medir la comunicación verbal y no verbal, así como las imágenes subordinadas de la Imagen Pública, además, hacen recomendaciones que pueden mejorar las empresas utilizadas como estímulos, lo que nos permite inferir que la información puede ser utilizada para la mejora de sus propias empresas, generar capital intangible e incrementar la sobrevivencia de las mismas. AbstractThe following document determines if the MSes entrepreneurs of the study area can quantitatively evaluate the Public image of the MSes, through a conclusive investigation from a quasi-experiment. The research is done with six mype entrepreneurs, the results are encouraging since they manage to measure the verbal and non-verbal communication as well as the subordinate images of the Public Image, in addition, they make recommendations that can improve the companies used as stimuli, which allows us to infer that the information can be used to improve their own companies, generate intangible capital and increase their survival.
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Prasetyo, Hendrawan. "IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN UPAH MINIMUM KABUPATEN (UMK) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT (Studi Pada Kabupaten Kebumen)." Fokus Bisnis : Media Pengkajian Manajemen dan Akuntansi 17, no. 2 (January 2, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/fokusbisnis.v17i2.272.
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Almost the average company in Kebumen Regency has applied salary payment of employees in accordance with the provisions of MSEs, although in implementation is not one hundred percent. Although Kebumen District Government has set District Minimum Wage (MSE) in 2017 amounting to Rp 1,433,900.00, but there are still many employers / companies that pay salaries under the MSEs. The relations of workers and employers actually need each other. Workers expect the fulfillment of the necessities of life and the entrepreneur seeks to maintain the survival of his company. Without employers, workers find it difficult to sustain their lives, whereas unemployed workers will not be able to continue their business. So it needs a good relationship between the two, the existence of mutual understanding. Employers need to understand the needs of the workers, and the workers understand the company's ability to pay wages. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of District Minimum Wage policy and its impact on community welfare in Kebumen District. The type of this research is qualitative research, taking the data source using the technique of "purposive sampling" with the number of informants as many as 11 people including from the elements of local government that is the Office of Manpower and Cooperative SME Kebumen Regency, private entrepreneurs in Kebumen District, and employees of private companies in Kebumen . Data collection in this research is done through observation, documentation and in-depth interview. Data analysis techniques in this study is interactive model analysis, including four components of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion or verification. Theories used are theories of public policy, policy implementation and wages. The results of this study found that almost most companies in Kebumen District have paid employee salaries according to MSEs, although there are still companies that have not been able to meet the payroll of employees according to the MSEs. Some companies studied do not experience obstacles in the implementation of MSE in accordance with the established, but if the company has problems in terms of implementing payroll employees according to MSEs there is a mechanism of deferring payment. The role of local government in the implementation of MSE is needed in terms of socialization and coaching and know the problems that occur in the company or labor in the scope of Kebumen. In terms of achieving the welfare of workers, the company should be able to provide salaries in accordance with the Minimum Wage and supplemented with the provision of various benefits in order to create the welfare of workers in particular and society in general.
Keywords: policy implementation, workers, company, welfare, minimum wage
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Hingorani, Sunil R., William Proctor Harris, J. Thaddeus Beck, Boris A. Berdov, Stephanie Ann Wagner, Eduard M. Pshevlotsky, Sergei Tjulandin, et al. "A phase Ib study of gemcitabine plus PEGPH20 (pegylated recombinant human hyaluronidase) in patients with stage IV previously untreated pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.4010.
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4010 Background: PEGPH20 is a PEGylated version of human recombinant hyaluronidase. In preclinical studies, PEGPH20 depleted pancreatic cancers of their high hyaluronan (HA) content. In a genetically-engineered murine model of PDA, PEGPH20 + gemcitabine (Gem) significantly prolonged survival compared to Gem alone. In Ph1 PEGPH20 monotherapy studies, the MTD was 3.0 μg/kg. The most common AEs were musculoskeletal events (MSEs). Methods: This was a dose-escalation study to find the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of PEGPH20 in combination with Gem in patients (pts) with Stage IV previously untreated pancreatic cancer. Pts received PEGPH20 at 1, 1.6, or 3 μg/kg IV twice a week for Wks 1-4, weekly for Wks 5-7, then 1 wk rest. Dose escalation was based on safety. Gem was given at 1000 mg/m2 IV once a week for Wks 1-7, then 1 wk rest. Thereafter, PEGPH20 + Gem were given once a week for 3 wks in 4-wk cycles. Dexamethasone was given pre and post PEGPH20 doses. Results: Of the 28 pts enrolled, the majority had a Karnofsky performance status of 80%, and 85%/19%/26% of pts had liver/lung/visceral metastases. The median age was 58 yrs. Four pts received PEGPH20 at 1 μg/kg, 4 at 1.6 μg/kg, and 20 at 3 μg/kg. The RP2D was 3 μg/kg. Treatment duration ranged from 1-274 days; 5 pts remain on study. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Ten pts had 1 Gem dose reduction, 2 pts had 1 PEGPH20 dose reduction (3 to 1.6 µg/kg), but no pt had a DLT. The most common PEGPH20-related AEs were MSEs (25% Gr1; 18% Gr2) and fatigue (21% Gr1; 11% Gr2). Objective response was assessed by an independent central radiologist using RECIST 1.1. Of the 21 pts evaluable for efficacy, 7 had partial response (PR) for an overall response rate (ORR) of 33%, and 9 had stable disease for ≥ 2 mo. Tumor biopsies from 12 pts were evaluable for HA staining. HA was high in 9 and low in 3. Of the 9 with high HA staining, 5 had PR (56% ORR); HA data were not available for the other 2 PR pts. PK results show dose-dependent exposure consistent with data from PEGPH20 monotherapy studies. Conclusions: PEGPH20 in combination with Gem is generally well tolerated in advanced pancreatic cancer and shows promising efficacy, especially in pts with high intratumoral HA content. Clinical trial information: NCT01453153.
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Berne, Davi França, Roberto Coda, Patricia Krakauer, and Denis Donaire. "The innovation challenge in micro and small enterprises (MSE)." Innovation & Management Review 16, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/inmr-03-2019-0031.
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Purpose This study aims to measure the degree of innovation of micro and small industrial companies in the West and Southwest metropolitan regions of the city of São Paulo, through a survey with 203 firms in the metallurgy sector. Design/methodology/approach The research had a quantitative and descriptive focus and used as methodology the validated and international approach known as Innovation Radar. Findings The degree of innovation in these micro and small companies is low; thus, the authors could not characterize them as systemic innovators. Most of them are little innovative, although some were classified as occasional innovators. The dimensions organization, processes, presence, supply chain and added value were the least developed. Research limitations/implications To carry out similar studies in other Brazilian regions, to compare results and draw new conclusions, or even check if the degree of innovation present in micro-firms of these regions would not be even lower; to monitor the evolution of companies through a longitudinal study, to detect improvements in the degree of innovation; and to conduct a qualitative research that can deepen questions on the results of our study, such as the reasons why this type of company does not adopt innovative practices, or even the real suitability of the Innovation Radar model for micro and small enterprises (MSEs). We observed that some dimensions proved to be too sophisticated for these companies, such as R&D investments and the adoption of technological advances. Practical implications The study shows that the degree of innovation measured by the Innovation Radar is a useful and initial measure to check an innovative attitude in micro and small companies. It can also drive the actions that should be prioritized to stimulate the culture of innovation in SME. However, it does not allow to answer why this type of organization does not adopt innovative practices as a management attitude. Regarding its contribution, the authors expect that the paper may bring an awareness of managers and owners of micro and small companies for the need to foster innovative practices that can help increase the competitiveness and survival of this type of organization. Social implications In Brazil, despite the fact that MSEs represent 98 per cent of the existing companies, and are mainly responsible for job creation, their leaders have a low concern for innovative practices. Originality/value The study contributes to identify the degree of innovation of these firms, which comprise a representative and strategic segment of the city’s economy, by checking to what extent an innovative attitude is effectively present in this sector. The theoretical contribution of this study regards the appropriateness of mechanisms or methodologies created to measure the degree of innovation in large organizations. Dimensions such as technological platform, brand, innovative ambience, degree of organization or systematization of processes, which are frequently considered for companies in general, and especially for large ones, are not sufficient or, instead, too sophisticated to allow an effective measurement of the degree of innovation in MSE. Thus, this study provides information for designing more effective ways to evaluate the degree of innovation that take into account MSE’s specificities, which can be considered innovation efforts, such as simple process improvements, professional development of teams, and actions to seize ideas and opportunities, among others.
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Miroshnichenko, Svetlana, Ivan Usynin, Alexey Dudarev, Vadim Nimaev, and Anastasiya Solovieva. "Apolipoprotein A-I Supports MSCs Survival under Stress Conditions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 4062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114062.
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Clinical trials have shown the safety of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) transplantation, but the effectiveness of these treatments is limited. Since, transplanted MSCs will undergo metabolic disturbances in the bloodstream, we investigated the influence of blood plasmas of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients on MSCs viability and examined whether apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) could protect cells from stressful conditions of serum deprivation (SD), hypoxia, and elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ApoA-I exhibits anti-inflammatory, immune activities, improves glycemic control, and is suitable for T2D patients but its influence on MSCs remains unknown. For the first time we have shown that apoA-I decreases intracellular ROS and supports proliferative rate of MSCs, thereby increasing cell count in oxidation conditions. ApoA-I did not influence cell cycle when MSCs were predominantly in the G0/G1 phases under conditions of SD/hypoxia, activated proliferation rapidly, and reduced apoptosis during MSCs transition to the oxygenation or oxidation conditions. Finally, it was found that the blood plasma of T2D individuals had a cytotoxic effect on MSCs in 39% of cases and had a wide variability of antioxidant properties. ApoA-I protects cells under all adverse conditions and can increase the efficiency of MSCs transplantation in T2D patients.
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Copland, Ian B., Jessica Cuerquis, Eugenia Wang, and Jacques Galipeau. "Genomic, Proteomic and Functional Screens Identify PAI-1 as an Important Factor Influencing Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Survival Post-Transplantation In Vivo." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.180.180.
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Abstract MSCs have robust reparative properties through their ability to limit apoptosis, enhance angiogenesis and direct positive tissue remodelling. However, a major limitation on the widespread application of MSC transplantation is that transplanted cells have low survival rates in vivo. Thus, enhancing MSCs survival post-transplantation is critical for the successful implementation of cellular therapy. One explanation for their low survival is that MSCs are often transplanted into ischemic tissue - such as infarcted myocardium - where there is poor blood supply and low oxygen tension. How these factors influence MSC survival is still unclear, therefore the objective of this project was to better understand how hypoxia under low nutrient conditions affects the behaviour and survival of MSCs. To answer this question, we performed the following series of experiments: Isolate and immunophenotype murine MSCs. Assess impact of in vitro ischemic conditions (hypoxia and serum deprivation) on MSCs by microarray analysis and ITRAQ proteomics for secreted proteins. Confirm changes of specific factors in vitro. Isolate and immunophenotype MSCs from knock-out mice for specific factors. Determine whether knock-out MSCs have altered survival in vitro and in vivo. As confirmed by PCR and Western blotting, microarray and proteomic screens, identified plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as one factor consistently upregulated in hypoxia (3% oxygen) treated MSCs. In vitro migration studies demonstrated that PAI-1 blocks migration of MSCs towards a chemotactic gradient, while isolation of PAI-1 knock-out MSCs, revealed an enhanced survival of PAI-1null MSCs over wild-type MSCs. In vivo subcutaneous transplantation of beta-galactosidase engineered wild-type and PAI-1null MSCs, recapitulated our in vitro results, such that 14 days post-implantation PAI-1null MSCs had a five fold increase in survival compared to wild-type MSCs. In conclusion, PAI-1 is a multifunctional protein. As an inhibitor, PAI-1 acts as ‘bait’ regulating the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin thus functioning as a major control point in the regulation of systemic fibrinolysis and local growth factor availability. In addition, PAI-1 can also act as a ligand for vitronectin to influence cellular migration/adhesion. Up-regulation of PAI-1 by MSCs after transplantation impacts MSC survival. Determining how to block PAI-1 following transplantation of MSCs is currently under investigation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Survival of MSEs"
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Worku, Eshetu Bekele. "Efficiency and Social Capital in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: the Case of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2168_1263780307.
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This study extends the existing literature on how social networks enhance the performance and sustainability of small enterprises. More specifically, the study isolates and investigates the mechanisms through which social capital helps with the growth and survival of MSMEs. The evidence presented in this study strongly suggests that an indigenous social network widely practiced in Ethiopia, the &ldquo
iqqub&rdquo
, contributes significantly to the start-up, survival and development of urban MSMEs.
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Berry, Pamela Ruth. "Financial planning and control systems : essential tools to increase the survival rate of micro and small manufacturing enterprises in the Tshwane metropolitan area." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4711.
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The use of financial planning and control systems is one of the factors that influence the survival of small businesses. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of financial planning and control systems contributes to the survival of manufacturing MSEs in the Tshwane metropolitan area.
The development and use of financial planning and control systems in MSEs was investigated. Manufacturing MSEs were asked to disclose the financial planning and control systems being utilised.
Respondents indicated that they use some form of financial planning and control, be it, on a formal or informal basis. Most of these firms had been operating for a number of years suggesting that the use of financial planning and control systems, inter alia, contributes to the survival of an entity. The more modern financial planning and control systems are not readily used by manufacturing MSEs, but could be beneficial to their survival.Management Accounting
M. Com. (Accounting)
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Mabhungu, Isaac. "A performance measurement framework to enhance the success and survival of retail micro, small and medium enterprises." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23244.
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The study sought to investigate the performance measurement practice of retail Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Zimbabwe and to develop a performance measurement framework for monitoring and managing the performance of retail MSMEs in developing countries. The performance measurement framework may enhance the chances of success and survival of these retail MSMEs. The framework was developed based on a review of the literature and an empirical study. Questionnaires were administered to 373 owner/managers of which only 189 responded. Interviews were held with 20 senior employees in the accounts/finance departments of MSMEs. Stratified random sampling was employed to select the 20 senior employees interviewed. Interviews were also held with eight (8) owner/managers who were purposively selected from the 189 MSMEs who participated in the study. It was established that most of the MSMEs do not measure the CSFs identified from the literature review. The study identified innovation, management of costs, and management of customers, management of competitors, market scanning, employee motivation, and management of regulators as the factors that need to be measured and monitored if MSMEs are to succeed. The performance measurement framework which emerged from the study focused more on measurement of non-financial performance rather than financial performance. Most owner/managers interviewed indicated that the proposed performance measurement framework can be used to enhance the performance of MSMEs. The study recommends that a confirmatory study such as structural equation modelling should be carried out in order to test the cause-effect relationship between the CSFs identified in this study. The study also recommends a longitudinal study where the researcher will assess the performance measurement practices of the retail MSMEs over time rather than relying on the perceptions of owner/managers and employees of the MSMEs.
Keywords: Critical success factors, MSMEs, performance measurement,Management Accounting
D. Phil. (Management Accounting)
Books on the topic "Survival of MSEs"
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Mokal, Riz, Ronald Davis, Alberto Mazzoni, Irit Mevorach, Madam Justice Barbara Romaine, Janis Sarra, Ignacio Tirado, and Stephan Madaus. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Insolvency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799931.001.0001.
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This volume examines the current resolution process for distressed micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and proposes a different, more appropriate, ‘modular’ approach to the treatment of such entities when faced with insolvency proceedings. MSMEs play a vital role in virtually all global economies. They are a primary means of employment and the vehicle by which entrepreneurs bring new business propositions to the market and deliver a range of products and services to local economies. MSMEs tend to be more reliant than larger businesses on favourable legal and regulatory climates in order to survive and thrive. Yet in assuming an extensive insolvency estate of significant worth, the presence of creditors and other concerned stakeholders to participate in and oversee the process, and the extensive involvement of courts and insolvency and legal professionals, insolvency regimes are often more tailored to the circumstances of larger businesses. These assumptions and features generally sit incongruously with the reality of MSMEs, whose estates characteristically have modest value and many of whose stakeholders tend to be disinterested in the MSME’s insolvency process. The Modular Approach developed in this text addresses the imbalances, inconsistencies, and lack of supervision which are often apparent in the treatment of insolvent MSMEs. The volume provides an overview of existing approaches to MSME insolvency, the place of MSMEs in the global economy, and the particular needs of MSMEs in financial distress. It then sets out the procedural framework, policy objectives, and key components of the Modular Approach, detailing how a choice of modules enables national policymakers a more flexible process for resolution. The volume outlines the roles, positions, and obligations of key stakeholder groups, and explains the managerial, administrative, and judicial functions of this approach. Finally, it explains how elements of the broader legal system should be aligned with, and supportive of, the optimal functioning of the Modular Approach.
Book chapters on the topic "Survival of MSEs"
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Belay, Degwale Gebeyehu, and Moges Yirgabelew Kifle. "The Roles and Challenges of Micro and Small Enterprises in Urban Employment Creation in Ethiopia." In Research Anthology on Small Business Strategies for Success and Survival, 1392–415. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9155-0.ch068.
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This study had the objective of assessing the roles and challenges of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in urban employment creation in Debre Berhan Town, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. Mixed research approach was adopted and both primary and secondary data was collected. The study had a total of 352 respondents who were selected using systematic sampling technique. Tools of data collection were questionnaire, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The findings of the study revealed that MSEs have indeed contributed significantly in creating urban employment, and in generating income of employees. However, the capacity of creating employment and generating income varies among MSE. While the construction and manufacturing sectors had better employment creation and income generation capacity, trade sector was the least in creating such opportunities. The challenges of MSEs in employment creation include lack of adequate finances, inputs, poor organizational structure and management, poor government support and regulations, and technological challenges.
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Luo, Guotian, Giuliana E. Salazar-Noratto, Esther Potier, and Hervé Petite. "Engineering Bone with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Challenges and Obstacles." In Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bhr210011.
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Repair and reconstruction of large bone defects remain a significant challenge. Cell construct, containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and scaffold, is a promising strategy for addressing and treating major orthopedic clinical conditions. However, the design of an ideal cell construct for engineering bone faces two critical challenges (i) matching the scaffold degradation rate to that of new bone formation and (ii) preventing the massive cell death post-implantation (caused by disruption of oxygen and nutrient supply). We will hereby primarily focus on the challenge of survival of MSCs post-implantation. Increasing evidence indicates that metabolic regulation plays a critical role in cell fate and functions. In cell metabolism, glucose is considered the major metabolic substrate to produce ATP via glycolysis when the availability of oxygen is limited. In this paper, we delineate the essential roles of glucose on MSC survival. We aim to provide a different perspective which highlights the importance of considering glucose in the development of tissue engineering strategies in order to improve the efficiency of MSC-based cell constructs in the repair of large bone defects.
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Asiati, Devi, Ngadi Ngadi, Yulinda Nurul Aini, and Yanti Astrelina Purba. "Sustainability of MSMEs in Indonesia." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 504–26. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6632-9.ch024.
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This chapter is aimed to discuss the condition of the MSMEs in Indonesia at the beginning of COVID-19 as well as the strategies that the government has undertaken to minimize the impact of COVID-19. The data for analysis is data from online survey results that carried out between 24 April-2 May 2020 with a total of 204 MSMEs participating. The results of the survey show that more than half (53%) of the MSMEs suffered from a decrease in income/production; even 43% stopped production at the beginning of the pandemic. Most of the MSMEs in various sectors admitted that they were only able to survive for less than three months, with the worst sectors being trade, corporate services, and construction. The government has implemented wage subsidy policies, loan interest subsidies, and tax abolition to save the MSMEs from the impact of COVID-19. For this matter, efforts to save MSMEs must continue, especially through expanding wage subsidies, increasing the realization of the low subsidy budget, and transforming to digital-based businesses.
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Kleist, Virginia Franke, Bonnie Morris, and James W. Denton. "Information Systems Security Assurance Management at Municipal Software Solutions, Inc." In Security and Privacy Assurance in Advancing Technologies, 67–74. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-200-0.ch006.
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Based on an actual company, this case focuses on Business Continuity Planning issues for a small but growing software company, Municipal Software Solutions, Inc. (MSS). The firm experienced a catastrophic fire which completely eliminated all aspects of the information systems infrastructure, including the software product code repository, the client access infrastructure, the hardware operations center, and the software design facility. Fortunately, no one was harmed, and the firm survived despite the fact that it did not have a formal disaster recovery plan in place. MSS was very lucky. The case can be used in conjunction with coverage of risk assessment concepts in the context of the availability component of systems reliability and trust of services management. Accordingly, it is appropriate for use in courses covering information systems security, accounting information systems, or IT audit.
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Tambunan, Tulus T. H. "Development of Women-Led Micro and Small Enterprises in Indonesia." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 239–68. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5112-6.ch011.
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This chapter aims to examine the development of women entrepreneurs in Indonesia with the focus on their personal motivations or initial reasons to own businesses and their main constraints in doing business. The chapter is based on literature review, secondary data analysis from Indonesian National Statistics Agency (BPS) and some international/regional organizations, and a small field survey of women owning micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the Greater Jakarta area. It reveals from the secondary data analysis that despite the growing number of women-led businesses, the gender gap in entrepreneurship in Indonesia still persists. Findings from the field survey show that many of the respondents run their own businesses as a means to survive, and limited access to finance is the most serious constraint faced by the respondents, caused by their lack of valuable assets as collateral. The results may potentially have profound impact on women entrepreneurship policy and equality policy.
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Sotiriades, Philip, and G. P. K. Economou. "A Complementary Tele-Working Platform for Data and Voice Networks." In Strategies for Generating E-Business Returns on Investment, 317–38. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-417-0.ch014.
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Post, telephone, and telegraph (PTT) enterprises, due to the incessant advances of telecommunications, have to provide for novel value-added services and to be able to supply their customers with the means to reap the full advantages of new technology so both commercially survive (Kurland, 1988). On the other hand, the market trends that favored the birth of many dot.com companies asked for service providers (SPs) that lead PTTs to gradually extend their services towards e-business and become x-service providers (x-SPs); x-SPs mainly stand for Application (ASPs), Interactive Voice Response Systems (IVRSPs), email/Messaging (eMSPs), Network (NSPs), Management (MSPs), Storage (SSPs), Data Center (DCSPs), Hosting (HSPs), and e-Commerce (eCSPs) ones. This chapter introduces the premises, the implementation, and the evaluation performance of a tele-working platform that was put into operation in order to equip the Public Bureaus of Thessaly’s rural county (Hellas) with the resources to build and provide their citizens those services. This novel platform complies with x-SP specifications and is built on a distributed computing basis.
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Raff, Lionel, Ranga Komanduri, Martin Hagan, and Satish Bukkapatnam. "Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Internal Energy Transfer Calculations Using Neural Network (NN) Methods." In Neural Networks in Chemical Reaction Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765652.003.0011.
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Genetic algorithms (GA), like NNs, can be used to fit highly nonlinear functional forms, such as empirical interatomic potentials from a large ensemble of data. Briefly, a genetic algorithm uses a stochastic global search method that mimics the process of natural biological evolution. GAs operate on a population of potential solutions applying the principle of survival of the fittest to generate progressively better approximations to a solution. A new set of approximations is generated in each iteration (also known as generation) of a GA through the process of selecting individuals from the solution space according to their fitness levels, and breeding them together using operators borrowed from natural genetics. This process leads to the evolution of populations of individuals that have a higher probability of being “fitter,” i.e., better approximations of the specified potential values, than the individuals they were created from, just as in natural adaptation. The most time-consuming part in implementing a GA is often the evaluation of the objective or the fitness function. The objective function O[P] is expressed as sum squared error computed over a given large ensemble of data. Consequently, the time required for evaluating the objective function becomes an important factor. Since a GA is well suited for implementing on parallel computers, the time required for evaluating the objective function can be reduced significantly by parallel processing. A better approach would be to map out the objective function using several possible solutions concurrently or beforehand to improve computational efficiency of the GA prior to its execution, and using this information to implement the GA. This will obviate the need for cumbersome direct evaluation of the objective function. Neural networks may be best suited to map the functional relationship between the objective function and the various parameters of the specific functional form. This study presents an approach that combines the universal function approximation capability of multilayer neural networks to accelerate a GA for fitting atomic system potentials. The approach involves evaluating the objective function, which for the present application is the mean squared error (MSE) between the computed and model-estimated potential, and training a multilayer neural network with decision variables as input and the objective function as output.
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Koch, Christof. "The Membrane Equation." In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Any physical or biophysical mechanism instantiating an information processing system that needs to survive in the real world must obey several constraints: (1) it must operate at high speeds, (2) it must have a rich repertoire of computational primitives, with the ability to implement a variety of linear and nonlinear, high-gain, operations, and (3) it must interface with the physical world—in the sense of being able to represent sensory input patterns accurately and translate the result of the computations into action, that is motor output (Keyes, 1985). The membrane potential is the one physical variable within the nervous system that fulfills these three requirements: it can vary rapidly over large distances (e.g., an action potential changes the potential by 100 mV within 1 msec, propagating up to 1 cm or more down an axon within that time), and the membrane potential controls a vast number of nonlinear gates—ionic channels—that provide a very rich substrate for implementing nonlinear operations. These channels transduce visual, tactile, auditory, and olfactory stimuli into thanges of the membrane potential, and such voltage changes back into the release of neurotransmitters or the contraction of muscles. This is not to deny that ionic fluxes, or chemical interactions of various substances with each other, are not crucial to the working of the brain. They are, and we will study some of these mechanisms in Chap. 11. Yet the membrane potential is the incisive variable that serves as primary vehicle for the neuronal operations underlying rapid computations—at the fraction of a second time scale—in the brain. We will introduce the reader in a very gentle manner to the electrical properties of nerve cells by starting off with the very simplest of all neuronal models, consisting of nothing more than a resistance and a capacitance (a so-called RC circuit). Yet endowed with synaptic input, this model can already implement a critical nonlinear operation, divisive normalization and gain control. As a starting point, we choose a so-called point representation of a neuron. Here, the spatial dependency of the neuron is reduced to a single point or compartment.
Conference papers on the topic "Survival of MSEs"
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Tendelilin, Elsye, K. D. Noviaty, Karina C. Rani, and Nikmatul I. E. Jayani. "Innovation as a Key Solution for MSES’ Survival in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of MSES in Bogo Village – Bojonegoro Regency – East Java." In 18th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210628.046.
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Ren, Wei, Junge Zhao, and Yi Ren. "MSS: A Multi-Level Data Placement Scheme for Data Survival in Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2009.5303559.
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Arinta, Yusvita, Rifda Nabila, Iskandar Iskandar, Nafis Irkhamni, and Ubaedul Mustofa. "Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Survival Ability in Pandemic Covid 19 Era: Integration of Technology, Organization, and Environment Analysis." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Business, Accounting and Economics, ICBAE 2020, 5 - 6 August 2020, Purwokerto, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-8-2020.2301187.
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Deshpande, Amit, Whitfield B. Growdon, Heather Hirsch, Tong Zi, Chris Grange, Jason Reeves, Jennifer Stall, Bo Rueda, and Sriram Sathyanarayanan. "Abstract A052: Characterization of immune regulatory molecules B7-H4, PD-L1, and ICOS in micro-satellite stable (MSS) and micro-satellite instable (MSI) endometrial tumors." In Abstracts: Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 25-28, 2016; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.imm2016-a052.
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