Academic literature on the topic 'Survival percentage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Survival percentage"
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Pulte, Dianne, Adam Gondos, and Hermann Brenner. "Major Improvements in Survival in Hematologic Malignancies in the Early 2000s." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.632.632.
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Abstract Background: Recent advances in the treatment of hematologic malignancies have led to improvements in response and survival in clinical trials for several conditions. Translation of these improvements to better survival on the population level should be monitored in as timely as possible a manner. Methods: We estimated trends in relative survival in patients with common hematologic malignancies in the United States between the years 2000 and 2004 using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, employing the recently introduced technique of modeled period analysis to provide the most up-to-date and precise estimates of survival1. We calculated survival according to gender and age group as well as overall survival for each malignancy. Results: Major improvements in 5-year relative survivals were observed for nodal and extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (+8.3 and +7.1 percentage points, respectively, p<0.0001), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) (+4.8 percentage points, p=0.005), and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) (+15.9 percentage points, p<0.0001). Improvement in 10-year survivals were observed in nodal and extra-nodal (EN) NHL (+8.7 and +7.8 percentage points, p<0.0001), AML (+4.3 percentage points, p=0.009), CML (+16.2 percentage points, p<0.0001), and myeloma (+3.4 percentage points, p=0.01). Statistically significant improvements in 10-year survival were seen in both genders for NHL and CML, but were limited to women for MM and AML, although a trend towards improved survival was seen in men with these conditions as well. Improvements in prognosis were largely restricted to patients aged less than 65, except for NHL and CML. Patients over 65 with EN NHL actually had a greater improvement than younger patients, with increases of 6.0 and 8.5 percentage points, respectively for patients over and under 65. The single greatest improvement observed was in patients less than 65 with CML, who had a 25.2 percentage point improvement in 10-year relative survival between 2000 and 2004. Conclusions: Application of modeled period analysis to an examination of hematologic malignancies revealed profound improvements in survival in the 5 years between 2000 and 2004. Survival in CML has improved dramatically, and major improvements were also seen for survival in NHL, AML, and MM. A combination of new therapeutic options, improved supportive care, and wider application of recent advances is likely to be responsible for the improvements observed. Our results emphasize the importance of timely information about translation of therapeutic advances into clinical practice, such as can be provided by modeled period analysis. 1. Brenner H, Hakulinen T. Up-to-date and precise estimates of cancer patient survival: model-based period analysis. Am J Epidemiol.2006;164:689–696. 10-year survival in hematologic malignanices in 2000 and 2004 Malignancy Number 10-year survival (SE)-2000 10-yr survival (SE)-2004 Difference P-value HD 9989 78.3 (1.2) 81.8 (1.1) +3.5 0.12 NHL-nodal 40,121 45.4 (0.9) 54.1 (0.9) +8.7 <0.0001 NHL-EN 19,447 60.1 (1.4) 67.9 (1.3) +7.8 0.00015 MM 17,330 14.3 (0.9) 17.7 (1.0) +3.4 0.01 ALL 2222 26.5 (2.8) 33.2 (2.9) +6.7 0.14 CLL 12,881 54.2 (2.0) 56.6 (2.0) +2.4 0.45 AML 10,153 15.0 (1.0) 19.3 (1.2) +4.3 0.0085 CML 5308 22.4 (2.0) 38.6 (2.4) +16.2 <0.0001
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Stosovic, M., M. Stanojevic, M. Radovic, et al. "Hemodialysis Modality, Percentage of Body Fat, and Patient Survival." International Journal of Artificial Organs 32, no. 1 (2009): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880903200103.
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A.M., Jana, and Singh Pragya. "Bacterial Preservation." International Journal of Life Sciences and Technology (IJLST) ISSN:0974-5335 13, no. 1 (2020): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4014767.
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Bacterial Preservation A.M. Jana<sup>1</sup> and Pragya Singh<sup>2</sup> 1 Director (R&D) & Department of Biotechnology, Vijayaraje Institute of Science and Management (VISM), Gwalior-474001, M.P., INDIA 2. Principal and Director VISM Group of Studies & Department of Biotechnology, Vijayaraje Institute of Science and Management (VISM), Gwalior-474001, M.P., INDIA amjana@rediffmail.com, pragyasingh797@gmail.com, vism_gwalior@rediffmail.com <strong>ABSTRACT</strong>: The present work pertains to preservation of bacterial culture using liquid nutrient media incorporated with a simple cryoprotectant and stored at 4<sup>o</sup>C and -20<sup>o</sup>C for an observation period of one year without aid of any expensive equipments, chemicals, etc. A few combinations of different strengths of liquid culture media with varying proportions of cryoprotectant were employed for the maintenance of bacterial culture and observed for the viability of the organism. Certain percentage of regression was observed with the passage of time, however, appreciable number of viable organisms was observed even at twelfth month. It is therefore inferred that nutrient media, used with glycerine as cryoprotectant can sustain the viability of the organism with its characteristics intact for more than a year. Bacterial cultures developed in double concentration (D.C) Nutrient Broth (N.B) fortified with equal parts of 30% glycerine in single concentration (S.C) of Saline and in equal parts of N.B (D.C) with 40% glycerine in Saline (S.C) appeared to support viability of the organism upto 6 months when stored at 4⁰ C ,well up twelve months at -20⁰ C. Although culture developed in N.B.(S.C) 3 parts + One part of 30% glycerine in Saline(S.C) also supported well, but stood next in order of choice. <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>was used as a model bacterial organism.The resultant ideal formulations developed is expected to be extendible to similar other organisms. Key words: Bacterial preservation, Cryoprotectant, Survival percentage URL: https://www.ijlst.org/papers-published/ijlst-2020-volume-13-issue-1
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Gudjonsson, Birgir. "Pancreatic Cancer: 80 Years of Surgery—Percentage and Repetitions." HPB Surgery 2016 (October 25, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6839687.
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Objective. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is estimated to be 48,960 in 2015 in the US and projected to become the second and third leading causes of cancer-related deaths by 2030. The mean costs in 2015 may be assumed to be $79,800 per patient and for each resection $164,100. Attempt is made to evaluate the results over the last 80 years, the number of survivors, and the overall survival percentage. Methods. Altogether 1230 papers have been found which deal with resections and reveal survival information. Only 621 of these report 5-year survivors. Reservation about surgery was first expressed in 1964 and five-year survival of nonresected survivors is well documented. Results. The survival percentage depends not only on the number of survivors but also on the subset from which it is calculated. Since the 1980s the papers have mainly reported the number of resections and survival as actuarial percentages, with or without the actual number of survivors being reported. The actuarial percentage is on average 2.75 higher. Detailed information on the original group (TN), number of resections, and actual number of survivors is reported in only 10.6% of the papers. Repetition occurs when the patients from a certain year are reported several times from the same institution or include survivors from many institutions or countries. Each 5-year survivor may be reported several times. Conclusion. Assuming a 10% resection rate and correcting for repetitions and the life table percentage the overall actual survival rate is hardly more than 0.3%.
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Wahyuningtyas, R. S., N. K. Kartikawati, A. Nirsatmanto, et al. "Effect of media on the percentage of Cratoxylum arborescens cutting." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, no. 1 (2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012026.
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Abstract Gerunggang (Cratoxylum arborescens Blume.) is one of native peat swamp species which good potential for pulp material and rehabilitation. One factor affecting the success of vegetative propagation is rooting media. The objectived of this study was observed the suitability of four rooting medium for gerunggang cuttings i.e: river sand, mixture of peat+ rice husk (3:1), mixture of top soil+rice husk (3:1), and mixture of cocopeat+rice husk (2:1). A number of 20 gerunggang cuttings with 4 replication were tested at four rooting media during 16 weeks observation period. Some parameter were observed i.e: number of shoots, leaves and roots per cutting, length of primary root (cm), rooting speed, rooted percentage (%), and survival percentage (%). Different rooting media significantly affect (p<0.01) on number of buds per cutting and length of primary root. However, the type of rooting media did not significantly affect (p>0.05) to the number of leaves and roots per cutting, rooted percentage (%) and survival percentage (%). High rooting percentage was achieved by media topsoil+ricehusk with average of 67.50%, while the lowest percentage was obtained peat+ricehusk medium with average of 38.75%. A mixture of topsoil+rice husks (3:1) is a best medium for early growth of gerunggang cutting which indicate by best number of buds, leaves and roots per cutting, rooted percentage (%) and survival percentage (%). Survival rate of cutting in this research is ranging from 56.25% - 77.50%.
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Labrune, Elsa, Cyrielle Fournier, Benjamin Riche, et al. "Development and Survival of Human Ovarian Cells in Chitosan Hydrogel Micro-Bioreactor." Medicina 58, no. 11 (2022): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111565.
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Background and Objectives: To test the long-term ability of human ovarian cortex cells to develop in unconventional culture conditions. Materials and Methods. Ovarian cortex cells from fetuses aged 23 to 39 weeks gestation were cultured for 90 days in hollow chitosan hydrogel micro-bioreactors and concurrently in traditional wells. Various cell-type counts were considered. Results: With intact follicles as a denominator, the percentage of growing intact follicles at Day 0 varied widely between ovaries (0 to 31.7%). This percentage tended to increase or stay relatively constant in bioreactor as in control cultures; it tended more toward an increase over time in bioreactor vs. control cultures. Modeled percentages showed differences (though not significant) in favor of bioreactor cultures (16.12% difference at D50 but only 0.12% difference at D90). With all follicles present as a denominator, the percentage of growing primary and secondary follicles at D0 varied widely between ovaries (0 to 29.3%). This percentage tended to increase over time in bioreactor cultures but to decrease in control cultures. Modeled percentages showed significant differences in favor of bioreactor cultures (8.9% difference at D50 and 11.1% difference at D90). At D50 and D90, there were only few and sparse apoptotic cells in bioreactor cultures vs. no apoptotic cells in control cultures. Conclusions: Over three months, bioreactor folliculogenesis outperformed slightly traditional culture. This is an interesting perspective for follicle preservation and long-term toxicological studies.
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Nowakowski, Grzegorz S., James D. Hoyer, Tait D. Shanafelt, et al. "Percentage of Smudge Cells on Routine Blood Smear Predicts Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 11 (2009): 1844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.17.0795.
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PurposeSmudge cells are ruptured chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells appearing on the blood smears of CLL patients. Our recent findings suggest that the number of smudge cells may have important biologic correlations rather than being only an artifact of slide preparation. In this study, we evaluated whether the smudge cell percentage on a blood smear predicted survival of CLL patients.Patients and MethodsWe calculated smudge cell percentages (ratio of smudged to intact cells plus smudged lymphocytes) on archived blood smears from a cohort of previously untreated patients with predominantly early-stage CLL enrolled onto a prospective observational study. The relationship between percentage of smudge cells, patient survival, and other prognostic factors was explored.ResultsBetween 1994 and 2002, 108 patients were enrolled onto the study and had archived blood smears available for review; 80% of patients had Rai stage 0 or I disease. The median smudge cell percentage was 28% (range, 1% to 75%). The percentage of smudge cells was lower in CD38+versus CD38–patients (P = .019) and in Zap70-positive versus Zap70-negative patients (P = .028). Smudge cell percentage as a continuous variable was associated with prolonged survival (P = .042). The 10-year survival rate was 50% for patients with 30% or less smudge cells compared with 80% for patients with more than 30% of smudge cells (P = .015). In multivariate analysis, the percentage of smudge cells was an independent predictor of overall survival.ConclusionPercentage of smudge cells on blood smear is readily available and an independent factor predicting overall survival in CLL.
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Deshmukh, Snehal V., RP Gajbhiye, VU Raut, and Akshay A. Thakare. "Effect of Gamma rays on sprouting and survival percentage of Gladiolus." International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 8, no. 12S (2024): 182–85. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i12sc.3095.
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Diehl, L. F., and D. J. Perry. "A comparison of randomized concurrent control groups with matched historical control groups: are historical controls valid?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 4, no. 7 (1986): 1114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1986.4.7.1114.
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The use of a historical control group is predicated on the assumption that survival and relapse-free survival in the historical control group closely approximate the survival and relapse-free survival in a randomized concurrent control group. This assumption has never been tested. This study compares survival and relapse-free survival in randomized control groups with historical control groups matched for disease, stage, and follow-up. Of the 43 matched control groups, 42% varied by more than 10 percentage points, 21% varied by more than 20 percentage points, and 5% varied by more than 30 percentage points. Of the 18 that varied by greater than 10 percentage points, 17 had superior survival or relapse-free survival in the randomized concurrent control group. This study indicates that the assumption that historical control groups may replace randomized concurrent control groups is not valid.
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Keinath, Anthony P., and Mark W. Farnham. "Effect of Wirestem Severity on Survival and Head Production of Transplanted Broccoli and Cabbage." Plant Disease 85, no. 6 (2001): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.6.639.
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Field experiments were conducted with transplants of Brassica oleracea with known severity levels of wirestem caused by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 4. Seedlings of broccoli and cabbage were grown in steamed soil infested with R. solani at 5 to 25 sclerotia/kg. Two weeks after inoculation, plants were separated into five severity classes based on wirestem symptoms, then transplanted into fumigated field plots in the spring and fall of 1995. The percentage of plants with and without aboveground symptoms was assessed at 14 and 42 days after transplanting. Marketable-sized heads were harvested eight times. In both seasons, percentages of symptomless plants, surviving (symptomless plus symptomatic) plants, and plants producing a marketable-sized head decreased as wirestem severity increased. Only 33 and 29% of cabbage transplants with >75% of the stem circumference girdled survived and produced a marketable head, respectively, compared with 95 and 83% of healthy transplants, respectively. For broccoli, only 15% of transplants with girdled stems survived and produced heads in spring but, in the fall, 74 and 72% of transplants with girdled stems survived and produced heads, respectively. Percentage of plants producing a marketable-sized head was highly correlated (P = 0.0001) with percentage of symptomless plants at 14 days after transplanting and percentage of surviving plants at 42 days after transplanting.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Survival percentage"
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Tinsley, Heather. "Rhabdomyosarcoma Incidence and Survival in Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics from 1973-2013: Analysis from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6594.
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Purpose
Our objectives were to 1) determine the difference in Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) incidence and survival between different race/ethnicity groups, and 2) evaluate the difference in survival of RMS between children and adults of these race/ethnicity groups, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database between 1973-2013.
Patients and Methods
We analyzed racial characteristic and incidence data from 4,280 patients diagnosed with RMS, between 1973-2013, that were reported to the SEER database. Survival and hazard analyses were conducted on 4,268 patients with known follow-up data, with end point being death from any cause.
Results
Over the 40-year study period overall RMS incidence rates have experienced a statistically significant decline (APC: -0.78, 95% CI: -1.28 – -0.28). Whites have experienced a significant decline in incidence rates (APC: -1.05, 95% CI: -1.60 – -0.50). Though not statistically significant, incidence rates in Blacks and Hispanics have trended upwards. While adjusted survival was not predicted by race, survival did significantly differ among racial/ethnic groups in children, with Hispanics and “Others” having the lowest 5- and 10-year survival rates (65% and 58% verses 58% and 56%, respectively). Black race/ethnicity was also shown to be a predictor for mortality for the time period 1990-2013.
Conclusion
Racial/ethnic minorities have worse RMS clinical presentation and incidence rates than Whites. While overall survival is not predicted by race, being an ethnic minority child diagnosed with RMS is predictive of survival. These disparities point towards a genetic component in RMS that has not yet been described.
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Xin, Xin. "A STUDY OF TIES AND TIME-VARYING COVARIATES IN COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/2974.
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In this thesis, ties and time-varying covariates in survival analysis are investigated. There are two types of ties: ties between event times (Type 1 ties) and ties between event times and the time that discrete time-varying covariates change or "jump"(Type 2 ties). The Cox proportional hazards model is one of the most important regression models for survival analysis. Methods for including Type 1 ties and time-varying
covariates in the Cox proportional hazards model are well established in previous studies, but Type 2 ties have been ignored in the literature. This thesis discusses the effect of Type 2 ties on Cox's partial likelihood, the current default method to treat Type 2 ties
in statistical packages SAS and R (called Fail before Jump in this thesis), and proposes alternative methods (Random and Equally Weighted) for Type 2 ties. A simulation study as well as an analysis of data sets from real research both suggest that both Random and Equally Weighted methods perform better than the other two methods. Also the effect
of the percentages of Type 1 and Type 2 ties on these methods for handling both types of ties is discussed.<br>NSERC
Books on the topic "Survival percentage"
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Farghaly, Samir A. Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0005.
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The standard management for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a combination of aggressive debulking surgery with residual tumor of less than 1 cm and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, a high percentage of patients experience disease recurrence. Extensive efforts to find new therapeutic options have been made, albeit cancer cells develop drug resistance and malignant progression occurs. Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to enhance progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with advanced EOC. Several preclinical and clinical studies investigated feasibility and efficacy of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in EOC. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview of ACT in EOC, focusing on Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-restricted tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and MHC-independent immune effectors such as natural killer and cytokine-induced killer. The available data suggest that ACT may provide the best outcome in patients with low tumor burden, minimal residual disease, or maintenance therapy. Further preclinical studies and clinical trials are needed.
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Mullen, Alex, and Anna Willi, eds. Latinization, Local Languages, and Literacies in the Roman West. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191994760.001.0001.
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Abstract This volume explores Latinization, local languages, and literacies in the Roman West, focusing on the Iberian Peninsula, Gaul, the Germanies, and Britain in the later Iron Age and Roman period. We use a combination of various sets of evidence and an interdisciplinary—historical, archaeological, sociolinguistic, and epigraphic—perspective to uncover local voices. The results and arguments draw on the importance of context, local communities, and regionality. We consider the factors relating to the uptake of Latin, tracking ‘differential Latinization’ and revealing the probable survival of local languages, alongside, or even to the exclusion of, Latin in some communities in the non-Mediterranean areas. By including everyday writing in their epigraphic evidence, the contributors reveal regionality also in the varieties of Latin used and disparities in engagement in both the epigraphic habit and broader literate practices. Cautious use of previous research and new data enabled us to describe types of literacies, and to move away from debates on provincial percentages of literacy or from generalizations about urban–rural literacy, to contemplate social, chronological, and geographical complexity—essentially a socio-literacy approach following sociolinguistic methodology. Throughout the book we grapple with the ‘characterful’ data sets available to us, whose careful treatment enables the exploration of a range of themes vital for understanding provincial life.
Book chapters on the topic "Survival percentage"
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Guevara Huacón, Génesis Dayana, Melissa Arlette Zambrano Peñafiel, Hernán Lara-Padilla, and Tania Rojas. "A Six Sigma Approach to Enhancing the Production Performance of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei): a Proposal for Optimizing Stocking Density and Acclimation Methods." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_44.
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Abstract Ecuador is a leading producer of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, exporting 1.069 million tons and generating $7 billion by 2022. However, challenges in the post-larval phase affect the sustainability and profitability of shrimp farming. In this study, we applied the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology to optimize the growth and survival rates of shrimp larvae. In the Define phase, biotic and abiotic variables influencing larval growth were identified. The Measure phase involved collecting data on shrimp weight and key environmental conditions, including pH, temperature, ammonia, sulfur percentage, and algal presence. Statistical analysis during the analysis phase revealed critical insights into the impact of these variables on growth rates. The proposed improvements in the improve phase included enhanced water quality management, optimized feeding strategies, and stress reduction measures. Control charts and multivariate analysis during the control phase ensured the sustainability of these improvements. This study demonstrates that applying Six Sigma methodologies can significantly enhance the productivity and profitability of shrimp farming by addressing critical growth and survival factors.
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Nautiyal, P. C., K. Sivasubramaniam, and Malavika Dadlani. "Seed Dormancy and Regulation of Germination." In Seed Science and Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_3.
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AbstractSeed germination and dormancy are vital components of seed quality; hence, understanding these processes is essential for a sound seed production system. The two processes are closely interrelated and regulated, both by genetic as well as environmental factors. While dormancy provides an inherent mechanism aimed at the survival of the plant species to withstand adverse external conditions by restricting the mature seed from germinating, the ability of the dehydrated seed to remain viable and produce a vigorous seedling upon hydration under favourable conditions is the key to the survival and perpetuation of the plant species. In addition, quality seed is expected to result in timely and uniform germination under favourable field conditions after sowing to establish a healthy crop stand. Therefore, in seed technology, dormancy is not considered a desirable trait in the seed lots used for sowing. Thus, to achieve the highest germination percentage, understanding the factors controlling these two interlinked and contrasting processes is vital. In seed testing and seed trade, knowledge of seed germination and dormancy is needed for a reliable assessment of seed quality and its planting value, and to make right decisions. Though much is yet to be understood, the present status of knowledge on these aspects has made significant advances, especially in genetic control, molecular mechanism, and physiological and environmental factors influencing germination and dormancy. The information compiled in this chapter may help the seed technologists in developing new methods for breaking dormancy and testing germination,
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Gatica-Arias, Andrés, and Jorge Rodríguez-Matamoros. "Chemical Mutagenesis of Zygotic Embryos of Coffea arabica L. var. Catuaí Using EMS and NaN3." In Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Leaf Rust. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67273-0_9.
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AbstractThe genetic improvement of C. arabica L. is challenged by its low genetic diversity and autogamous reproductive biology. Induced mutagenesis offers an alternative approach to conventional cross-breeding to increase genetic variability in wild and cultivated Arabica coffee germplasm for further use in breeding programs and genetic studies. Here protocols are described for the preparation of zygotic embryos from C. arabica seed and for toxicity testing of zygotic embryos using two chemical mutagens, sodium azide (NaN3) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Zygotic embryos were immersed for 10 min in a solution of NaN3 (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 and 20. 0 mM) and for 2 h in a solution of EMS (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 and 6 % v/v). The percentage survival was evaluated and the LD values for NaN3 and EMS were determined at 12.5 mM (51.6%) and 1 % v/v (48.3%), respectively. Our protocols indicate that coffee zygotic embryos are suitable propagules for NaN3 and EMS mutagenesis and expand the types of propagules suitable for induced mutagenesis, breeding and genetic studies in Arabica coffee.
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Pandit, Bishnu Hari, Netra Kumari Aryal, and Hans-Peter Schmidt. "Social-Ecological Transformation Through Planting Mixed Tree Species on Abandoned Agricultural Land in the Hills of Nepal." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS). Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_5.
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AbstractA project entitled, “Building village economies through climate farming & forest gardening” (BeChange) was implemented in four municipality areas of the Tanahun and Lamjung districts of Nepal from May 2015. In order to assess changes in the social-ecological system that result from this project targeting abandoned agricultural lands, this case study was conducted using various methods: triad grouping, GPS point surveys, household surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), field observation and reports. A participatory approach in reforestation on abandoned agricultural land with introduction of carbon credits has become a new livelihood strategy for local communities. It has not only attracted domestic and international tourists, but also helped to conserve biodiversity and local ecology. This activity also united village women and indigenous communities as triad groups for collaborative outcomes. A total of 42,138 seedlings of mixed tree species such as Michelia champaca, Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Bassia butyraceae, Bauhinia purpurea, and Cinnamon tamala were planted by 276 families on abandoned agricultural land between May 2015 and July 2018. However, as of 2020, this range has expanded to include 635 families with plantations of more than 65,000 seedlings. The set-up and maintenance of these forest gardens were financed with advanced payments for the carbon sink services of the planted trees. Farmers who succeeded with tree survival rates above 80% received an additional yearly carbon sink payment. The outcomes of the project show significant improvements in food security and tree biodiversity in the project villages. Of the total sampled households, almost half (45%) were under extreme poverty and had food sufficiency for only 3 months/year before the project. With the project, this percentage dropped to 22%, signals the emergence of seeds for transformative change.
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Glassman, Ronald M. "The Managerial and Entrepreneurial Rich Take a Huge Percentage of the Wealth to Themselves." In Can Democracy Survive in the 21st Century? Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76821-8_9.
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Marks, Katriel, and Rhonda Phillips. "Analysing non-legal barriers to land ownership by women." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0009.
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Abstract This chapter explores barriers to women's land ownership. It investigates the potential factors behind why women's rights to own land are often ignored despite laws permitting women to own and inherit land. Measures of gender equality are correlated, as presented in the World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Index 2020 (economic participation and equality, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment) to percentages of land held by women in a nation. Commonalities between case studies on women's land ownership around the world are discussed as well.
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Panda, Sangram Kumar, Mirna Garnayak, Sitansu Sekhar Das, Abhijita Mohapatra, and Abhilash Mohapatra. "BIOMECHANICS IN IMPLANTS: A CRITICAL OPINION." In Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology Volume 3 Book 17. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjbt17p2ch4.
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Dental implants are regarded as the finest treatment option for replacing missing teeth due to their high survival rates and wide range of applications. However, only a small percentage of dental implant therapies are effective, and some fail for biological and mechanical reasons. This study aimed to comprehensively review literature that concentrates on the biomechanical characteristics of dental implants and highlight all the variables that affect the implant's survival rates.
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Cui, Wanting, and Joseph Finkelstein. "Using EHR Data to Identify Social Determinants of Health Affecting Disparities in Cancer Survival." In MEDINFO 2021: One World, One Health – Global Partnership for Digital Innovation. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220224.
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The aim of this pilot study was to identify social determinants of health (SDH) that affect disparities in cancer survival. A limited dataset was generated by querying electronic medical records (EHR) from an academic medical center in New York City between January 2003 and November 2020. Socio-demographic characteristics that affected survival in 22,096 cancer patients were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. Two subsets of adult patients were identified: patients who were deceased less than 1 year after diagnosis and patients who survived over 5 years after diagnosis. Percentage of individuals with short survival in Blacks and Whites was respectively 41.4% and 22.2% for lung cancer, 9.8% and 7.1% for colorectal cancer, 2.9% and 0.7% for breast cancer, 6.8% and 4.0% for multiple myeloma, and 1.4% and 0.8% for prostate cancer. Logistic regression identified SDH factors increasing likelihood of shorter survival that included older age, and being male, Black or Hispanic. We concluded that further analysis of a broader spectrum of SDH factors is warranted.
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Matthews, John O. "An Overview of the Securities Industry." In Struggle and Survival on Wall Street. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195050639.003.0003.
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Abstract The securities industry is only a small part of the financial sector. Currently, only a small percentage of the almost 5,500 firms in the industry are publicly owned. But through its maintenance of the markets for stocks and bonds, this industry provides one of the most important mechanisms for allocating this nation’s capital among competing uses. The efficiency of the industry in performing this allocative function determines in large part the overall growth and efficiency of the economy itself. The first securities firms in this country were almost exclusively brokers operating out of a single office and dealing in the limited list of bonds and shares then available to the public. Today’s firms vary greatly in size and character, ranging in size from giant organizations with elaborate worldwide networks of branch offices to oneperson neighborhood offices. In 1990, there were 8,437 broker-dealers who filed regulatory reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or with self-regulatory organizations. Of these firms, 5,424 dealt directly with the investing public (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 1992). Of those firms that dealt directly with the public, 947 operated as clearing or carrying firms.
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Matthews, John O. "The Safety and Soundness of Broker-Dealers: The Net Capital Rule." In Struggle and Survival on Wall Street. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195050639.003.0005.
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Abstract The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) primary regulatory tool for ensuring the safety and soundness of securities firms (or broker-dealers) is the net capital rule, intended to protect customers of securities firms who leave large quantities of cash and securities with their brokers. The rule requires that the firms have enough liquid assets to meet their customers’ withdrawal demands. It also defines certain securities (e.g., government bonds, stocks) that are owned by securities firms as liquid but automatically reduces (or “haircuts”) the value of these securities for the liquidity computation based on the variability of these securities’ market prices. Broker-dealers may choose one of two methods to calculate their required net capital. The traditional basic capital method (BCM) defines net capital as a percentage of the firm’s aggregate indebtedness. The other, newer method, referred to as the alternative capital method (ACM), computes net capital based on customerrelated receivables. These rules, coupled with rigorous monitoring of broker-dealers’ capital by the self-regulatory organizations, have resulted in relatively few Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) proceedings among broker-dealers over the past two decades.
Conference papers on the topic "Survival percentage"
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Michniewich, James J. "Field Experience with Corrosion of Computer Equipment." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85324.
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Abstract All electronic computer equipment is affected by water vapor, airborne particulates and parts per billion quantities of corrosive gases. A study of field problems has been made over the last several years by monitoring the actual computer site environments and doing laboratory tests on filters, modules and disk products. This study has revealed how the many environmental variables interact with each other and how they effect certain parts of the computers and disks. Our equipment has had design changes incorporated so that it can survive in marginal contaminated sites. Severely contaminated sites would require the customer to chemically filter or isolate the computer site from the contamination source. The ultimate value of this study was to influence design improvements, specify site environmental limits, to train field personnel to recognize potential corrosive sites, and how to protect computer electronic equipment. This paper will use a small percentage of the field studies to show how the corrosive variables actually effect computer equipment.
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Numminen, Riikka, Markus Viljanen, and Tapio Pahikkala. "Predicting the monetization percentage with survival analysis in free-to-play games." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cig.2019.8848045.
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Ivanova, A. A., and E. U. Simonenko. "ICE CRYSTAL FORMATION IN CRYOPROTECTIVE MEDIA UNDER VARIOUS FREEZING REGIMES." In XI МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ: БИОИНФОРМАТИКОВ, БИОТЕХНОЛОГОВ, БИОФИЗИКОВ, ВИРУСОЛОГОВ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ БИОЛОГОВ И СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ. IPC NSU, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1691-6-140.
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Despite numerous studied of the cryopreservation process the percentage of cell survival remais low. The work is devoted to the study of the process of ice crystal formation in cryoprotective media under various freezing regimes. A new method for diffraction patterns analysis as well as alternative mode of cell freezing regime during cryopreservation is proposed.
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Perossi, Isabela Fernanda Spinelli, Mylena Mitie Saito, Giovanna Rossi Varallo, Jucimara Colombo, and Débora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari. "ANALYSIS OF OVERALL SURVIVAL IN BITCHES WITH BREAST CANCER USING TARGET PROTEINS RELATED TO THE PI3K/AKT/MTOR PATHWAY." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2007.
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This study aims to verify survival in female dogs with breast tumor by analyzing the expression of target proteins PIK3CA, ZEB1, and ZEB2 belonging to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through immunohistochemistry (IHC) test in a retrospective study. The samples were obtained from dogs with breast cancer, previously identified by standard histopathological analysis, from which tissue microarray (TMA) blocks were made, and then immunohistochemical analyzes (IHC) were carried out using the development kit “REVEAL Polyvalent HRP-DAB Detection System,” for the proteins previously mentioned. For the purpose of prognostic analysis, these dogs were monitored for 540 days after surgical resection and survival was related to protein expression using the histoscore (HS) method. The HS is a measure to convert the IHC into quantitative values, and it is based on the intensity of the staining and the percentage of stained cells, ranging from 0 to 300. Individually through the analysis of the IHC, it was observed in the PIK3CA protein that from the HS = 164 the survival was on average 189 days, for ZEB1, the HS = 100 the survival was on average 438 days, and on the protein ZEB2 with the HS = 157, the survival was on average 178 days. Thus, the high expression of PIK3CA and ZEB2 proteins was correlated with lower survival in the dogs. In all studied proteins, it was observed that HS > 100 was correlated with a significant reduction in overall survival (p>0.05). The lower survival in female dogs with breast cancer after surgical resection was related to low rates of expression of PIK3CA and ZEB2 and, therefore, these can be considered as prognostic markers reserved for breast cancer in female dogs.
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Gailis, Janis, Zane Gita Grase та Laura Ozolina-Pole. "Susceptibility of faba bean variety ‘Merkurʼ to broadbean seed beetle (Bruchus rufimanus) in Latvia". У Research for Rural Development 2024 : annual 30th international scientific conference. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.30.2024.001.
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The broadbean seed beetle (Bruchus rufimanus) is a significant pest of faba bean (Vicia faba) both in Latvia and in many other parts of the world. The objective of this study was to check the susceptibility of the faba bean variety ‘Merkurʼ to the broadbean seed beetle in Latvia, comparing it with other popular varieties: ‘Boxerʼ and ‘Lauraʼ. The trials were conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the Research and Study Farm ‘Peterlaukiʼ in Jelgava County and at a commercial farm in Cēsis County. The larval infestation rate of seeds of different varieties, the survival rate of individuals (larvae, pupae, imagines) in the seeds, as well as the percentage of seeds damaged by the pest in the yield were compared. It was observed that ‘Merkurʼ seeds were significantly less infested than ‘Boxerʼ and ‘Lauraʼ seeds. However, the survival rate of larvae in the seeds of ‘Merkurʼ was similar to that in ‘Lauraʼ seeds and higher than in ‘Boxerʼ seeds. The highest proportion of seeds damaged by the pest was found in the ‘Merkurʼ and ‘Boxerʼ yields, varying between 5–75% between years and trial locations. Therefore, it was concluded that the variety ‘Merkurʼ, evaluated from a practical point of view, does not differ from the other two varieties. Without taking additional plant protection measures, the percentage of seeds damaged by the broadbean seed beetle can significantly exceed the maximum limit (3%) specified in the buyersʼ quality criteria.
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Gohar, Nermin, Hany Hanna, and Mai H. Haroun. "Factors affecting startups survival in the MENA region in the presence of COVID19." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iii.6.
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A great percentage of the world economy is driven by entrepreneurs, start-ups and Small - and Medium - sized Enterprises (SMEs), as they are the driving forces of economic stability. This paper attempts to gain a full understanding of the environment in which entrepreneurs and SMEs operate; the so-called entrepreneurial ecosystem in MENA region to gather and collect information related to the needs examination on promoting entrepreneurial important criteria with the focus on Specific Region. The methodology proposed follows a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews directed to owners and managers of startups in the MENA region. The process will be to observe, analyze, visualize the entrepreneurial ecosystem, including surrounding criteria’s and factors that effects the startup survival. The proposed ecosystem is then ‘mapped’ to enable to see the gaps and constrains in the ecosystem in the MENA region, and to devise the most relevant measures to energize the ecosystem in MENA region. The proposed methodology and conceptual frame work not only will look at traditional indicators as business environment and investment climate, but also focus on creating optimal ecosystem that is well structured and ready for any unexpected events or occasions, like COVID19, which might have its impact on startups.
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Nuwandhara, R. M. K. K., A. S. Perera, and G. H. S. P. De Silva. "Survival challenges faced by the small-scale building contractors in Sri Lanka." In World Construction Symposium - 2024. Department of Building Economics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2024.76.
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The construction industry is a significant contributor to the socio-economic development of Sri Lanka, and small-scale contractors play a crucial role in this industry. However, their sustainability is a matter of concern. The vital contribution made by small-scale contractors in generating job opportunities and reducing poverty has been recognised in Sri Lanka and globally. The research study examines the significant challenges C7-C9 grade contractors face in surviving in the Sri Lankan construction industry. The study utilised a mixed-method approach. Stage one consists of, administering a questionnaire survey, distributed among C7 to C9 contractors and stage two consists of conducting a series of semi-structured interviews among five industry experts. The initial groundwork involved an extensive review of the existing literature, complemented by acquiring primary data. During the first stage, the study continued using thirty responses and to analyse the collected data, descriptive statistical tools such as percentage counts, weighted averages, etc used through a 5-point Likert Scale analysis. Among the key challenges that emerged, financial policies stand as a critical issue with higher governance. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using code-based content analysis. Among the solutions proposed, improving skills and efficiencies was a highly proposed solution to facing these challenges. This study will be useful for many struggling C7-C9 contractors in Sri Lanka to identify their least-performing areas in the trade and to improve their overall performance while nurturing the construction industry.
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Cabral, Samira Marcondes, Marcelo Antonini, Raissa Naiara Barros Vasconcelos, Mariana Soares Cardoso, and Matheus de Paula Solino. "IMPACT OF LOCAL RECURRENCE ON PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS SUBMITTED TO CONSERVATIVE SURGERY AT HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DO SERVIDOR ESTADUAL." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1060.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality in Brazil and worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease with specific molecular subtypes, which are associated with different prognosis and responses to treatment. Objectives: The present study aimed at assessing the incidence of local recurrence in patients undergoing conservative surgery and its impact on overall survival. As a secondary outcome, there are the prognostic factors of local recurrence in addition to the relationship with systemic metastasis. Methods: It is a retrospective cohort including 500 patients submitted to conservative surgical treatment, from March 2014 to March 2019 at Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo. Results: The results are compatible with the literature, with local recurrence in 4% of patients and more relapses with triple-negative subtype; 367 patients had hormonal treatment: five (1.4%) relapsed and 51 patients did not use hormonal treatment, four (7.8%) relapsed. This shows a higher percentage of recurrence in the group without adjuvant hormone therapy when compared to the group that underwent treatment (p=0.016); 7.4% of patients developed metastasis, which was more prevalent in patients diagnosed with triple-negative subtype cancer and pure Her. This group had an estimated probability of survival significantly lower (72.3%) than the group without metastases (98%) (p <0.001). In this cohort, disease-free survival was 93.4% and overall survival was 96% over a median of three years of follow-up. Other prognostic factors, established in the literature, such as age, lymph node involvement, tumor size, in addition to systemic treatment and radiotherapy had no significant difference between patients who did or did not relapse. Conclusion: In this cohort, patients diagnosed with breast cancer and who underwent conservative surgery, evolving with local recurrence, did not present a higher risk of death, and we found tumor biology as a risk factor for locoregional recurrences. Patients who evolved with systemic metastases showed a reduction in the overall survival rate.
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Santos, Igor Lopes dos, Nathalia Amaral Nogueira, Luciana Corrêa Amador, et al. "CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGNOSIS OF YOUNG WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER IN BRAZIL." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2022. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s2062.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical-pathological features and the prognosis of premenopausal breast cancer patients, stratified by three age groups (below 33 years, 34–36 years, and 37–49 years). Methods: This is a retrospective study including 206 patients with breast carcinomas diagnosed before the age of 50 years, selected from the records of the Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry, Department of Pathology, Hospital Araújo Jorge, in Goiânia (GO). Results: Patients’ age at diagnosis ranged from 21 to 49 years, and the mean age was 34 years (±4.3). The 5-year overall survival for the group was 61.8%. Younger patients, diagnosed before 32 years, presented a worse prognosis (52.3%), compared to other age groups (p=0.049). Younger patients also presented a higher percentage of T4 tumors (33.3%) (p=0.045) and advanced stages of the disease (III–IV) (79.1%) (p=0.007). Conclusion: The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of patients diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 50 years were associated with low overall survival. In addition, patients diagnosed before 32 years of age presented with more aggressive tumor characteristics and worse prognosis when compared to other age groups.
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Grauda, Dace, Andra Miķelsone, Dalius Butkauskas, et al. "Protective properties of biotextile indicated by immature gamete cells flow cytometry and Drosophila melanogaster survival tests." In 79th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iarb.2021.06.
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The testing of an innovative amber-containing biotextile developed within the EUREKA project IFSITEX revealed the ability of biotextile material to protect test objects from UV-B radiation and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs). One of two different testing methods is based on flow cytometry indicating changes in the relative fluorescence of immature plant gametes based on the determination of the sum of changes in approximately 20 various parameters of gametic cells affected in one nuclear stage by irradiation of cell suspension covered with biotextile fabrics containing amber particles or similar fabrics lacking amber particles with UV-B for 75 minutes. The second test called Drosophila melanogaster survivability test, specifically modified for biotextile testing, revealed differences in the percentage of successful development of D. melanogaster from larvae to imago stage after growing fruit flies in tubes covered with biotextile material containing amber particles as well as material free of amber particles. Tubes with D. melanogaster larvae were placed in a Helmholtz coil were continuously exposed to a sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic field (MF) at a flux of 450 μT. Survivability results were compared to the success of the development of the control which was not affected by experimentally generated ELF-EMFs D. melanogaster. Samples of biotextile containing amber particles were found to retain UV-B and LF-EMF radiation better than fabric samples without amber particles.
Reports on the topic "Survival percentage"
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Leonard, Talayna, Robert Lemme, Cati Kral, et al. High-Percentage of Early Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma is Unidentified on Abdominal CT Obtained for Unrelated Diagnosis. Science Repository, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.aco.2021.02.03.
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Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the best survival when detected early with 5-year survival near 40% for small, resectable PDAC. We evaluate the undiagnosed PDAC imaging features on routine CT and their impact on resectability. Methods: 76 of the screened 134 CTs from 1/1/2012 to 12/31/2018 using our tumor registry were obtained prior to PDAC diagnosis for other indications at least one month before presentation. Each cross-sectional study was reviewed for features of early PDAC: pancreatic mass, pancreatic ductal dilatation, perivascular/peripancreatic soft-tissue infiltration, omental lesions/ascites, and lymphadenopathy. When such features were detectible by the reviewing radiologists, the original CT readings were classified as concordant/discrepant. Descriptive statistics are reported for discrepant reads, tumor resectability, and tumor size. Results: Of the 76 cases from 46 unique subjects (30 male/16 female), 25 CTs (33%) had undetected PDAC imaging features: masses (15/19 unreported), ductal dilatation (16/20 unreported), and peripancreatic/perivascular soft-tissue infiltration (20/36 unreported). 63% of early PDAC features were not identified initially. One year before clinical diagnosis, 75-80% of the PDAC cases were resectable; at < 6 months before clinical diagnosis, only 29% were resectable. Conclusion: Improving early detection of key PDAC features on routine CT examinations can potentially improve patient outcomes.
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Navarro, Lucas. Entrepreneurship Policy and Firm Performance: Chile's CORFO Seed Capital Program. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008445.
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This paper uses administrative data from projects for which an application was made to CORFO's (Chile's main development agency) Seed Capital Program (SCP) during the 2008-12 period. This paper analyzes the impact of the program, which is a subsidy provided to new, innovative firms, on Start, Growth, and Survival. The projects are supported by sponsors in the application process. Results of our analysis indicate that, controlling for observed characteristics, projects that received the subsidy had a 9.5 percentage point higher probability of starting to sell. Among created firms, subsidized (Treated) firms showed a 17 percentage point higher probability of significant Growth (in sales) and a similar effect on Survival. The analysis also examined a change in the program rules in 2011, whereby sponsors were paid based on performance instead of fixed fees, as it was before 2011. For projects affected by the policy change, results indicate no overall association of the program with the probability of Start and a positive correlation with Growth and Survival. These results could be a consequence of sponsors making better project selections for funding. The change in rules means that the program contributes more to the Growth and Survival of new firms than to their Start, which would take place anyway. The data available for this study did not make it possible to control for potential selection biases, and thus the results need to be viewed with caution, and data collection standards need to improve to help identify the true effect of this type of program.
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Hansen, Peter J., and Zvi Roth. Use of Oocyte and Embryo Survival Factors to Enhance Fertility of Heat-stressed Dairy Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697105.bard.
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The overall goal was to identify survival factors that can improve pregnancy success following insemination or embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress. First, we demonstrated that oocytes are actually damaged by elevated temperature in the summer. Then we tested two thermoprotective molecules for their effect on oocyte damage caused by heat shock. One molecule, ceramide was not thermoprptective. Another, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF) reduced the effects of heat shock on oocyte apoptosis and oocyte cleavage when added during maturation. We also used lactating cows exposed to heat stress to determine whether bovine somatotropin (bST), which increases IGF1 levels in vivo, would improve fertility in summer. Cows treated with bST received a single injection at 3 days before insemination. Controls received no additional treatment. Treatment with bST did not significantly increase the proportion of inseminated cows diagnosed pregnant although it was numerically greater for the bST group (24.2% vs 17.8%, 124–132 cows per group). There was a tendency (p =0.10) for a smaller percent of control cows to have high plasma progesterone concentrations (≥ 1 ng/ml) at Day 7 after insemination than for bST-treated cows (72.6 vs 81.1%). When only cows that were successfully synchronized were considered, the magnitude of the absolute difference in the percentage of inseminated cows that were diagnosed pregnant between bST and control cows was reduced (24.8 vs 22.4% pregnant for bST and control). Results failed to indicate a beneficial effect of bST treatment on fertility of lactating dairy cows. In another experiment, we found a tendency for addition of IGF1 to embryo culture medium to improve embryonic survival after embryo transfer when the experiment was done during heat stress but not when the experiment was done in the absence of heat stress. Another molecule tested, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; also called colony-stimulating factor-2), improved embryonic survival in the absence of heat stress. We also examined whether heat shock affects the sperm cell. There was no effect of heat shock on sperm apoptosis (programmed cell death) or on sperm fertilizing ability. Therefore, effects of heat shock on sperm function after ejaculation if minimal. However, there were seasonal changes in sperm characteristics that indicates that some of the decrease in dairy cow fertility during the summer in Israel is due to using semen of inferior quality. Semen was collected from five representative bulls throughout the summer (August and September) and winter (December and January). There were seasonal differences in ion concentration in seminal plasma and in the mRNA for various ion channels known to be involved in acrosome reactions. Furthermore, the proportion of sperm cells with damaged acrosomes was higher in post-thaw semen collected in the summer than in its counterpart collected in winter (54.2 ± 3.5% vs. 51.4 ± 1.9%, respectively; P < 0.08Further examination is required to determine whether such alterations are involved in the low summer fertility of dairy cows.
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Andrian, Leandro Gaston, César M. Rodríguez, and Oscar Valencia. Surges in the Shadows: Stock-Flow Adjustments and Public Debt Spikes. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013162.
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In this paper, we study the drivers of public debt surges across 172 countries from 1980-2021. We focus on the role of discrepancies between the annual change in public debt and the budget deficit, referred to as stock-flow adjustments (SFA). The analysis employs survival methods to model the effect of SFA and other macroeconomic factors on the hazard rate for debt spike events. We differentiate between debt accumulation trends and spikes to examine how SFA influences the likelihood of a spike once a country is already on an increasing debt trajectory. Our results indicate that an increase of one percentage point in the SFA to GDP ratio increases the hazard rate of a surge by 15%. This effect is greater for advanced economies (25%) relative to emerging markets (14%). Moreover, contingent on a debt trend, a higher SFA significantly increases the chance that a spike will materialize, especially in advanced countries. We address the self-selection problem associated with SFA by using an IV approach based on the notion that fiscal transparency. We conclude that accurate SFA estimates are critical for debt sustainability analyses. Overall, our analysis provides novel evidence on the mechanisms underlying public debt surges and their consequences. Our findings can guide policymakers in identifying risks from hidden debt trajectories and improving transparency. The results are robust to various sensitivity checks and alternative specifications and methodologies.
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Britt, Jack, Miriam Rosenberg, Steven Washburn, and Moshe Kaim. Development and Evaluation of a Method of Hormonal Treatment to Increase Fertility in Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612833.bard.
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The objectives were: 1) to develop a practical method for improving conception rates of dairy cows by administering progesterone during the critical period of the luteal phase prior to first insemination, 2) to determine which cows respond best to such a progesterone treatment, and 3) to determine physiological changes that are associated with this treatment. Experiment 1, conducted in the US and Israel, tested three treatment protocols. Holstein cows: 1) served as controls, 2) received two injections of prostaglanding F2a (PGF) 14 days apart, or 3) received two PGF injections and were inserted with a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for 6 days beginning 9 days after the first injection of PGF. Fertility was positively related to plasma progesterone concentations prior to the second PGF injection, but PRID treatment did not improve fertility in cows with low progesterone. Cows in synchronized estrus 2-8 days after the second injection of PGF had higher fertility and better reproductive performance than non-synchronized cows. Experiment 3, conducted in Israel, involved three studies that assessed effect of PRID treatment on: 1) progesterone concentration in ovarian tissue and uterine tissue and fluids, 2) changes in systemic LH and estradiol, and 3) development and function of dominant follicles. Treatment with PRID increased progesterone in uterine tissue and fluid exclusive of effects on systemic concentrations. Low progesterone resulted in persistent follicles that exceeded normal size and produced excessive estrogen. Experiment 4, conducted in the US, evaluated influence of endogenous progesterone on embryo development. Cows were given two injections of PGF 14 days apart and single embryos were recovered 7 days after estrus. Among cyclic cows, there was a linear relationship between progesterone concentration and percentage of cows from which an embryo was recovered. Overall these experiments show that systemic progesterone concentrations affect fertility in high-producing dairy cows through effects on follicular development and embryo survival
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Sheng, Chang, Weihua Huang, Mingmei Liao, and Pu Yang. Association of the Abdominal Aortic Calcification with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease-Specific Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study. World Journal of Surgery, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.60123/j.wjs.2024.10.03.
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Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a prevalent form of vascular calcification associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. While previous studies on AAC and cardiovascular risk exist, many have limitations such as small sample sizes and limited clinical significance outcomes. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between AAC and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality rates in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: The study, conducted on NHANES participants aged 40 years or older during the 2013-2014 cycle, assessed AAC using the Kauppila scoring system. Demographic characteristics, mortality data, and comorbid factors such as age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension were considered. Statistical analyses, including weighted percentages, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, were employed to evaluate the associations between AAC and mortality risks. Results: After analyzing a final sample of 2717 participants, the study found a significant association between severe AAC (SAAC) and higher all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.17-2.48). The dose-response relationship indicated an increased risk with higher AAC scores. However, no independent association was observed between AAC and cardiovascular mortality. Stratified analysis revealed variations in the AAC-all-cause mortality association based on gender and hypertension. Conclusion: This population-based study provides valuable insights into the prospective association between AAC and all-cause mortality, emphasizing the potential role of AAC assessment in identifying individuals at higher risk.
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van Gemert, Rob, Per Holliland, Konrad Karlsson, Niklas Sjöberg, and Torbjörn Säterberg. Assessment of the eel stock in Sweden, spring 2024 : fifth post-evaluation of the Swedish eel management. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4iseib7eup.
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For decades, the population of the European eel has been in severe decline. In 2007, the European Union decided on a Regulation establishing measures for the recovery of the stock, which obliged Member States to implement a national Eel Management Plan by 2009. Sweden submitted its plan in 2008. According to the Regulation, Member States shall report regularly to the EU-Commission, on the implementation of their Eel Management Plans and the progress achieved in protection and restoration. The current report provides an assessment of the eel stock in Sweden as of spring 2024, intending to feed into the national reporting to the EU in August this year. This report updates and extends previous evaluation reports by Dekker (2012, 2015) and Dekker et al. (2018, 2021). In this report, the impacts on the stock - of fishing, restocking and mortality related to hydropower generation - are assessed. Other anthropogenic impacts (climate change, pollution, increased impacts of predators, spread of parasites, disruption of migration due to disorientation after transport, and so forth) probably have an impact on the stock too, but these factors are hardly quantifiable, and no management targets have been set. For that reason, and because most factors were not included in the EU Eel Regulation, these other factors are not included in this report. Our focus is on the quantification of silver eel biomass escaping from continental waters towards the ocean (current, current potential and pristine) and mortality risks endured by those eels during their whole lifetime. The assessment is broken down on a geographical basis, with different impacts dominating in different areas (west coast, inland waters, Baltic coast). In the last decade, a break in the downward trend in glass eel recruitment has been observed, with recruitment no longer declining consistently. Whether that relates to recent protective actions, or is due to other factors, is yet unclear. Nevertheless, recruitment levels remain at historically low levels. This report contributes to the required international assessment, but does not discuss the causing factors behind the recent recruitment trend and the overall status of the stock across Europe. For the different assessment areas, results summarise as follows: On the west coast, a commercial fyke net fishery on yellow eel was exploiting the stock, until this fishery was completely closed in spring 2012. A fishery-based assessment no longer being achievable, we present trends from research surveys (fyke nets). Insufficient information is currently available to assess the recovery of the stock in absolute terms. Obviously, current fishing mortality is zero (disregarding the currently unquantifiable effect of illegal fishing), but none of the other requested stock indicators (current, current potential and pristine biomass) can be presented. The formerly exploited size-classes of the stock show a recovery in abundance after the closure of the commercial fishery, and the smaller size classes show a break in their decline in line with the recent global trend of glass eel recruitment. In order to support the recovery of the stock, or to compensate for anthropogenic mortality in inland waters, young eel has been restocked on the Swedish west coast since 2010. Noting the quantity of restocking involved, the expected effect (ca. 50 t silver eel) is relatively small, and hard to verify – in comparison to the potential natural stock on the west coast (an order of 1000 t). However, for the currently depleted stock, the contribution will likely constitute a larger share of silver eel escapement. For inland waters, this report updates the 2021 assessment, with substantial changes in methodology being the use of a new natural recruitment model, and the full separation of Trap & Transport catches from the fisheries statistics. The assessment for the inland waters relies on a reconstruction of the stock from information on the youngest eels in our waters (natural recruits, assisted migration, restocking). Based on 78 years of data on natural recruitment into 22 rivers, a statistical model is applied which relates the number of immigrating young eel caught in traps to the location and size of each river, the distance from the trap to the river mouth, and the year in which those eels recruited to continental waters as a glass eel (year class). The further into the Baltic, the larger and less numerous recruits generally are. Distance upstream comes with less numerous recruits. Using the results from the above recruitment analysis, in combination with historical data on assisted migration (young eels transported upstream within a drainage area, across barriers) and restocking (young eels imported into a river system), we have a complete overview of how many young eels recruited to Swedish inland waters. From this, the production of fully grown silver eel is estimated for every lake and year separately, based on best estimates of growth and natural mortality rates. Subtracting the catch made by the fishery (as recorded) and down-sizing for the mortality incurred when passing hydropower stations (percentwise, as recorded or using a default percentage), an estimate of the biomass of silver eel escaping from each river towards the sea is derived. Results indicate, that since 1960, the production of silver eel in inland waters has declined from over 700 to below 300 tonnes per year (t/yr). The production of naturally recruited eels is still falling; following the increase in restocking since 2010, an increase in restocking-based production is expected to be starting right around now. Gradually, restocking has replaced natural recruitment (assisted and fully natural), now making up over 90 % of the inland stock. Fisheries have taken 20-30 % of the silver eel (since the mid-1980s), while the impact of hydropower has ranged from 25 % to 60 %, depending on the year. Escapement is estimated to have varied from 72 t in the late 1990s, to 175 t in the early 2000s. The biomass of current escapement (including eels of restocked origin) is approximately 15 % of the pristine level (incl. restocked), or almost 30 % of the current potential biomass (incl. restocked). This is below the 40 % biomass limit of the Eel Regulation, and anthropogenic mortality (70 % over the entire life span in continental waters) exceeds the limit implied in the Eel Regulation (60 % mortality, the complement of 40 % survival). Mortality being that high, Swedish inland waters currently do not contribute to the recovery of the stock. The temporal variation (in production, impacts and escapement) is partly the consequence of a differential spatial distribution of the restocking of eel over the years. The original natural (not assisted) recruits were far less impacted by hydropower, since they could not climb the hydropower dams when immigrating. Since 2010, inland restocking is increasingly concentrated to drainage areas falling to the Kattegat-Skagerrak, also including obstructed lakes (primarily Lake Vänern, and many smaller ones). Even though Trap & Transport of silver eel - from above barriers towards the sea - has contributed to reducing the hydropower impact, hydropower mortality remains the largest estimated contributor to silver eel mortality in inland waters. Without restocking, the biomass affected by fishery and/or hydropower would be only 5-10 % of the currently impacted biomass, but the stock abundance would reduce from 15 % to less than 3 % of the pristine biomass. In summary: the inland eel stock biomass is below the minimum target, anthropogenic impacts exceed the minimum limit that would allow recovery, and those impacts have been increasing. It is therefore recommended to reconsider the current action plans on inland waters, taking into account the results of the current, comprehensive assessment. For the Baltic coast, the 2021 assessment has been updated without major changes in methodology. Results indicate that the impact of the fishery continues to decline over the decades. The current impact of the Swedish silver eel fishery on the escapement of silver eel along the Baltic Sea coast is estimated at 0.3 %. However, this fishery is just one of the anthropogenic impacts (in other areas/countries) affecting the eel stock in the Baltic, including all types of impacts, on all life stages and all habitats anywhere in the Baltic. Integration with the assessments in other countries has not been achieved. Current estimates of the abundance of silver eel (biomass) indicates an order of several thousand tonnes, but those estimates are extremely uncertain, due to the low impact of the fishery (near-zero statistics). Moreover, these do not take into account the origin of those silver eels, from other countries. An integrated assessment for the whole Baltic will be required to ground-truth these estimates. This would also bring the eel assessments in line with the policy to regionalise stock assessments for other (commercial) fish species (see https://ec.europa.eu/oceans-and-fisheries/fisheries/rules/multiannual-plans_en). It is recommended to develop an integrated assessment for the entire Baltic Sea eel stock, and to coordinate protective measures with other range states.