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1
Chassot, Carolina Seibel. "The british mental health service user / survivor movement and the experience of mental distress." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14830.
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O presente estudo dedica-se a compreender como o engajamento com o movimento
britânico de usuários/sobreviventes (SUSM) afetou a experiência de sofrimento mental dos
usuários participantes. Baseado em entrevistas com ativistas do movimento, nós analisamos suas
experiências pessoais; o processo de engajamento com o SUSM e seus relatos da dinâmica do
movimento; e finalmente, os efeitos do engajamento com o SUSM para suas experiências de
sofrimento mental. Nossos reultados indicaram que o engajamento com o movimento possibilita
aos participantes construir sentidos mais positivos para o seu sofrimento mental e reconstruir suas
identidades. O engajamento com o movimento também permitiu a eles desenvolver um novo
papel social. A pressão grupal e conflitos internos ao SUSM, assim como as relações de confronto
com atores externos, no entando, causa efeitos prejudiciais. Em geral, o envolvimento produz um
nível de transformação subjetiva para os envolvidos em relação ao seu sofrimento mental; ABSTRACT: The present study examines how engaging with the British service user/survivor
movement (SUSM) affected the experience of mental distress of mental health service users.
Based upon interviews with participants of this movement, we have analysed their personal
experiences of mental distress; the process of engagement with the SUSM and their accounts of
the movement's dynamics; the effects of the engagement with the SUSM to their experiences of
mental distress. Our results indicated that engaging with this movement allowed for participants to
construct more positive meanings for their experience and reconstruct identities. The engagement
with the movement also allows for them to develop a new social role. Pressure to conform,
internal conflicts within the SUSM and confrontational relations with external actors, however,
cause detrimental effects. Overall, engagement has produced a level of subjective transformation
to those involved in relation to their mental distress.
2
Adame, Alexandra L. "Negotiating Discourses: How Survivor-Therapists Construe Their Dialogical Identities." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1263579790.
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Vearey, Steven Clive. "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing : a case study of a female adolescent sexual assault survivor." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49963.
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Thesis (MEd(Psych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the use of Eye Movement Desensitisation (hereafter referred to as EMDR), a form of psychotherapy on a female adolescent sexual assault survivor. Adolescence as a developmental stage is characterised by specific issues, such as the search for own identity. Sexual trauma may increase the inner conflict, because of the adolescent's ability to deal with the trauma at a higher cognitive level than in earlier childhood. Without support including psychotherapy, the adolescent sexual assault survivor may be at risk of developing mental health problems including Post-traumatic Stress Syndrome (hereafter referred to as PTSD). This research is a qualitative case study, involving only one adolescent participant. Mary (pseudonym) a sexual assault survivor, was selected from referrals the Unit for Educational Psychology at the University of Stellenbosch received from the Child Protection Unit of the South African Police Services. She was referred because she displayed symptoms of depression and PTSD, which affected her relations with her parents, siblings and peers. She also struggled to cope emotionally with the academic demands of school. The ecosystemic approach was chosen as the preferred framework within which to locate this study. In assessment and intervention this framework lends itself to focussing on relationships and systems rather than merely the individual with a problem. The study explores the use of EMDR to alleviate symptoms of depression and PTSD in Mary. She attended thirteen sessions of which the first three were used to assess her level of functioning. Data were collected by means of self-report questionnaires including the Beck's Depression Inventory and the Dissociative Experiences Scale, interviews and therapy sessions during which EMDR was used. The data were analysed using codes, categories and themes, interpreted and the study concluded with a discussion of the findings. The findings suggest that EMDR effectively alleviated Mary's symptoms of depression and PTSD. However, since the study was limited to a single participant, a larger sample is recommended to determine whether EMDR might be a feasible treatment tool for female adolescent sexual assault survivors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die gebruik van Oogbeweging Desensitifisering Herprosessering (hierna verwys as OBDH), 'n tipe psigoterapie, om 'n vroulike adolessente slagoffer van seksuele misbruik te ondersteun. Adolessensie as 'n ontwikkelingsfase word deur spesifieke kwessies gekenmerk, onder andere die soeke na 'n eie identiteit. Seksuele trauma mag die innerlike konflik verhoog, weens die adolessent se vermoeë om dit op 'n hoër vlak van ontwikkeling as die jonger kind te hanteer. Sonder ondersteuning, insluitend psigoterapie, mag die adolessent die risiko loop om geestesversteurings soos Posttraumatiese stresversteuring (hierna verwys as PTSV) te ontwikkel. Hierdie navorsing was 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie en slegs een adolessente deelnemer was daarby betrokke. Mary (skuilnaam) 'n seksuele geweld oorwinnaar, is gekies vanuit verwysings wat die Eenheid vir Opvoedkundige Sielkunde van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch van die Kinderbeskermings-eenheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie Dienste ontvang het. Sy is verwys aangesien sy blykbaar simptome van depressie en PTSV geopenbaar het, wat haar verhoudings met haar ouers, sibbe en portuurgroep beïnvloed het. Sy het ook emosioneel gesukkel om die akademiese eise van die skool te hanteer. Die ekosistemiese benadering is gekies as die raamwerk vir hierdie studie. In assessering en intervensie lê dié benadering groter klem op verhoudings en sisteme, as op 'n individu met 'n probleem. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stelof die gebruik van OBDH verligting van simptome van depressie en PTSV in Mary teweeg sou bring. Sy het dertien sessies bygewoon en die eerste drie is gebruik om haar vlak van funksionering te bepaal. Data is ingesamel deur middel van die Beck's Depression Inventory en die Dissociative Experiences Scale vraelyste, onderhoude en terapie sessies waarin OBDH ook gebruik was. Die data is ontleed deur middel van kodes, kategorieë en temas, geïnterpreteer en die studie eindig met 'n bespreking van die bevindinge. Die bevindinge het aangedui dat OBDH effektief Mary se simptome van depressie en PTSV verlig. Omdat die studie egter beperk was tot 'n enkele deelnemer, word 'n groter getal deelnemers aanbeveel om te bepaal of OBDH moontlik geskik is om vroulike adolesente oorwinnaars van seksueel geweld te ondersteun.
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Favreau, Marie-Diane Lucie. "The pre-shrinking of psychiatry : sociological insights on the psychiatric consumer/survivor movement (1970-1992) /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935449.
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Adame, Alexandra L. "Negotiating discourses how survivor-therapists construe their dialogical identities /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1263579790.
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Adame, Alexandra L. "Recovered Voices, Recovered Lives: A Narrative Analysis of Psychiatric Survivors’ Experiences of Recovery." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1152813614.
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Armes, David Grahame. "Enablement & exploitation : the contradictory potential of community care policy for mental health services user/survivor-led groups." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/144164.
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This thesis examines ways in which social policy supported by successive Conservative and Labour Governments has affected the British User/Survivor Movement (BUSM) since the introduction of the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act. It focuses on the formalising effects of community care policy, and the discursive resistance tactics of user/survivor activists in opposition to formalisation of their movement. The aims of the thesis are: firstly, exploration of the contradictory potential of community care policy where there is a formal relationship between local and/or health authorities with mental health services user/survivor-led groups; secondly, tracking New Labour’s policy agenda and the responses of user/survivors; finally, an attempt to develop a user/survivor theoretical standpoint towards community care policy. To achieve these aims the following were undertaken: a literature review which informed the development of a theoretical standpoint; interviews with user/survivor pioneers of the movement; and interviews with discussion groups of user/survivors who were active at local, regional, and/or national level. Analysis of respondents’ statements was completed using a theoretical standpoint based on Feminist/Foucauldian methodology. The chosen methodology resulted in an amended theoretical standpoint to take account of the use of reason by user/survivors and the creation of taxonomies which describe ways in which user/survivors discursively resist formalisation. These results formed the basis for the main conclusions which are as follows: first, user/survivors who engage in ‘consumerist’/empowerment activities, such as advocacy or involvement, can rightly claim to be challenging existing power relations; second, user/survivors entering into formal relationships with health/social services authorities do not necessarily reproduce discriminatory forms of care; third, although the culture of the BUSM has changed since the late 1980s, user/survivor activists are still trying to keep informal/empathic values alive; fourth, a danger exists that user/survivors will be pushed out of providing services and relegated to being the objects of consultation; and finally, there is a need to challenge the reason/unreason dichotomy enabling New Labour to characterise user/survivors as ‘dangerous’. The distinctive focus of this thesis on theoretical standpoint and discursive knowledge provides the basis for its contribution to theoretical and social policy debates in the field of mental health.
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Wiener, Diane Rochelle. "Narrativity, Emplotment, and Voice in Autobiographical and Cinematic Representations of "Mentally Ill" Women, 1942-2003." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195156.
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This dissertation presents an historical overview of the interdependent representations of gender, class, ethnicity, race, nationality, sexuality, and (dis)ability in a selection of films and first-person written autobiographical texts from the 1940s to the early twenty-first century. Cinematic and written autobiographical representations of “mental illness” reflect and shape various models of psychological trauma and wellness. I explore the ways that these two genres of representation underscore, exert influence upon, and interrogate socio-cultural understandings and interpretations of deviance and normalcy, madness and sanity, and pathology and health. Some models of health and illness carry more ideological weight than others, and thus differentially contour public policy formation and the materiality of people’s daily lives. My project is distinct from other kinds of scholarship on the subject of women’s “madness.” Whereas scholarship has been written on “madness” and cinema, and on “madness” and autobiography, this related academic work has not consistently drawn linkages between multiple genres or utilized interdisciplinary methodologies to critically explore texts. Feminist scholars who address the interconnections between autobiographies and cinematic representations often pay only limited attention to psychiatric survivors. I draw parallels and distinctions between these genres, based upon my training in social work, cultural studies, film and autobiography theory, medical and linguistic anthropology, and disability studies. My perspective hinges upon my longstanding involvement with and commitment to the subject of women’s “madness” in both personal and professional arenas.
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Adame, Alexandra Lynne. "Recovered voices, recovered lives a narrative analysis of psychiatric survivors' experiences of recovery /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1152813614.
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Minge, Jeanine Marie. "Cob building : movement and moments of survival." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002317.
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Issa, Salaheddine Issa. "Survival and movement of Rhizobium in dry soil." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278037.
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Minge, Jeanine Marie. "Cob Building: Movements and Moments of Survival." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/409.
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Cob, as an arts-based research process, creates movements and moments of survival. Survival is an ideological construction and an actual, local practice. Survival is also about desiring and fulfilling arts-based desires to work with the land through academic and material scavenging. Cob creates strategies for surviving, for working with our respective environments wisely. Cob building teaches people how to negotiate the natural economy and their relationships to labor and each other through an artistic and intimate practice. From a feminist poststructural lens, survival happens on the local level, between and with people. Cob building creates knowledge through creative, kinesthetic, and collaborative engagement.
As a feminist poststructuralist, arts-based research allows me to examine local action and interaction among people, positionalities, and competing differences. Rather than appeasing the modern impulse to objectify and rationalize an end-point or an object- oriented view of the production of art, feminist poststructural theory works to problematize the end-point. Through cob building, a rich, arts-based process, I call into question the modern impulse to find Truth and ask that we be aware of developing new oppressions when working toward equity and justice. Cob building teaches people how to engage together within the form of artistic creation. Cob is an arts-based research process that includes the land as an integral part of its canvas.
In order to articulate, uncover, and engage the claim that, as an arts-based process, cob creates movements and moments of survival, I use the arts-based process, a/r/tography. This a/r/tographical text does not offer an end point but works to recreate moments and movements of cob building as an arts-based research project. A/r/tography helps to layer the movements of arts-based survival within cob building and this text. Throughout this work, the arts-based process of cob building is the overlying metaphor for the construction of the structure of this text. As the chapters move forward, the structure builds up.
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Nordquist, Karen L. "Formalization in a social movement organization : cooptation or survival? :." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20454.
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Social movement literature suggests that organizations espousing radical ideologies must develop bureaucratic structures in order to survive, changes which inevitably create an organization more concerned with self-maintenance than social transformation. In the Battered Women's Movement, some radical feminists argue that trends toward increased formalization and centralization in feminist collectives provide evidence that the movement has been coopted, and thus radical organizations seeking to challenge inequitable social structures have been transformed into more traditional social service agencies. This thesis examines one shelter for battered women which, due mainly to severe internal conflict, found it necessary to modify its structure from a collective to a hierarchy led by a coordinator. This change led neither to decreased radical ideology nor to an increased focus on organizational maintenance at the expense of socially transformative goals. However, due to a lack of formalized procedures, this outcome largely reflects the personal inclinations of the coordinator.
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Langston, Jeanne. "The Lived Experiences of Adult Male Trauma Survivors with Dance Movement Therapy." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6598.
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In the United States, approximately 7.7 million individuals are affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at any given time. Though women are likelier to develop PTSD symptoms, men are exposed to more traumatic events in their lifetimes. Empirically- supported PTSD options exist, however clinical application of these treatments may not consistently culminate in beneficial outcomes. Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) has demonstrated positive treatment outcomes for a variety of mental and physical disorders. Nonetheless, there is a lack of robust research related to the treatment experiences of men who have participated in DMT for trauma-related symptoms. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore this research gap. Focusing on adult male trauma survivors, the research question addressed the lived experiences of participating in DMT and the meaning ascribed to this involvement. Eleven adult male participants were interviewed via audio-recorded telephone interviews consisting of semistructured interview questions. Through a constructivist lens, the modified Van Kaam method of analysis was implemented revealing 4 emergent themes. The findings of this explorative study suggested positive PTSD symptom outcomes for all 11 participants including improvements in social belongingness, social acceptance, quality of life, and a reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression. Accordingly, the findings of this research may help to advance social change through broadening clinical awareness of the beneficial neurogenic treatment advantages of somatic and creative interventions such as DMT for PTSD. Moreover, these findings may augment existing research related to movement- based treatment options for individuals coping with PTSD and trauma-related symptoms.
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Gordon, Helen E. "Movement and survival of Escherichia coli O157 in the environment." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446620.
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E. coli O157 is shed into the environment from the faeces of infected animals. Once in the soil, the availability of hydrological pathways enables cells to disperse through the soil and enter the groundwater. This thesis investigates the transmission and survival of E. coli O157 in the farming environment with particular emphasis on the role of hydrological pathways. Findings from fieldwork included the observation that E. coli O157 population densities in faeces varied due to animal shedding rates and increasing temperature. Rainfall events were found to increase transport of E. coli O157 to a local stream. Strain typing using MLVA demonstrated that one strain had been transported from faeces into overland flow. Microcosm based experiments found that soil water content, temperature and soil type affected the recoverability of E. coli O157 from soil. The transport of E. coli O157 was influenced by the presence of preferential flow pathways under heavy rainfall conditions. The days after rainfall event caused changes in both the population density and the cellular activity of E. coli O157. The population dynamics and activity of E. coli O157 was monitored in different environmental matrices at different temperatures. These variables were found to influence the population and cellular activity of E. coli O157. During this experiment, cells appeared to enter a viable but non-culturable state. The study showed that the dispersal of E. coli O157 is mediated by soil-related hydrological pathways. By using the thesis findings to improve current risk assessment strategies, the number of E. coli O157 cases from environmental sources may be reduced.
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Smith, Paul Philip. "Survival, movement and activity on soil of pesticide-degrading bacterial inoculants." Thesis, University of Kent, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279177.
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Whittington, Phil 1958. "Survival and movements of African Penguins, especially after oiling." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4366.
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Hylton, Rebecca A. "Survival, movement patterns, and habitat use of juvenile wood storks, Mycteria americana." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007007.
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Reger, Joanne Eileen. "Social movement culture and organizational survival in the National Organization for Women /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1333120128.
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Kim, Hong-ja. "Struggling to survive : the Korean ethnic education movement in post-war Japan /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ark49.pdf.
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Muralidharan, Abirami. "Detecting Attempted Hand Movements from EEGs of Chronic-Stroke Survivors for Therapeutic Applications." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1283528739.
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Smith, Alexander Adam. "Movement, dispersal and survival patterns of Swedish willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus lagopus L.)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389025.
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Suedkamp, Wells Kimberly M. "Resource selection, movement patterns, and survival of post-fledging grassland birds in Missouri." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://edt.missouri.edu/Winter2005/Dissertation/SuedkampWellsK-051105-D1298/research.pdf.
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Comly, Lisa M. "Survival, reproduction, and movements of translocated nuisance black bears in Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020349/.
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Tatler, Benjamin William. "Visual representation in the real world : what information survives eye movements?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250119.
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Jones-Smith, Annette. "Therapists' Perceptions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Treatment for Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5356.
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Child sexual abuse is prevalent worldwide and can result in adverse psychological effects that persist into adulthood. Therapists must identify therapeutic treatments for adult survivors of child sexual abuse who continue to experience psychological difficulties, such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of therapists about eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a tool to assist adult women survivors of child sexual abuse through the healing process and to regain their abilities to function and behave appropriately. Data were collected through the Moustakas Theory (1994) with 10 therapists who provided therapeutic or counseling services (or both) through EMDR to women with a history of repeated sexual abuse as children. The therapists perceived EMDR as more effective in treating child sexual abuse trauma than other treatment options because it involved the body and worked rapidly, although the treatment may involve a danger of dysregulating the patient. Results indicated the perceived role of EMDR in a treatment program is to allow patients to remember traumatic events without reliving them and to free patients from shame and prepare them to learn more effective coping skills. The therapists implemented EMDR by building rapport, conducting a thorough assessment, focusing treatment on the most distressing elements of past traumas and present triggers, and teaching the client skills for coping with distress. This study contributes to social change by adding more knowledge and awareness about women survivors of child sexual abuse and the various available treatments, thereby helping the long-term impact of women's health with histories of childhood sexual abuse.
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Leonard, John Peter. "The effects of shinnery oak removal on lesser prairie chicken survival, movement, and reproduction." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2846.
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Caudill, Danny. "Factors Affecting Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus Urophasianus) Survival and Movement in South-Central Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1041.
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Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) adult and juvenile survival have been identified as critical demographic parameters. However, little is known regarding the dynamics of juvenile sage-grouse. From 2008-2010, I used radio-telemetry and 2 transmitter types to monitor 91 juvenile sage-grouse. Program MARK was used to analyze survival data. Over-winter survival was 0.802 - 0.982 and 0.687 - 0.969 for females and males, respectively. Fall survival rates were 0.522 - 0.623 for females and 0.332 - 0.449 for males. Survival from fall through winter was 0.418 - 0.616 for females and 0.228 - 0.435 for males. For both years combined, the probability predation caused death was 0.705, and probability harvest caused death was 0.159. The probability unreported harvest caused death was 0.091. Sex (p= 0.103) and transmitter type (p = 0.09) affected survival. Back-mounted transmitters negatively affected survival and their use should be avoided to minimize experimental bias.
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Weithman, Chelsea E. "Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) demography, behavior, and movement on the Outer Banks of North Carolina." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89915.
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The Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) is an imperiled shorebird that inhabits sandy beaches along the North American Atlantic Coast. The species' decline has been attributed to habitat loss, disturbance, and predation throughout its range, although most conservation efforts have focused on increasing reproductive output during the breeding season. On the coast of North Carolina, Piping Plovers breed in areas with large amounts of recreational and tourism use. Beach recreation is known to reduce nest success, chick survival, and potentially fitness in other parts of the species' range. To reduce potential negative effects from human activities on breeding Piping Plovers, managers close areas to pedestrian and vehicle access using exclusion buffers delineated by symbolic fencing. However, the reproductive success and population size of Piping Plovers in parts of North Carolina has not appeared to increase as a result of these management strategies, despite the importance of the park and its protections to these birds on their southward migration in the fall.
To understand how disturbance and attempts to mitigate it affected plover demography, we examined Piping Plover population dynamics, brood movement, and migration in North Carolina from 2015–2017. We monitored 46 nests and 19 broods, and we used a logistic exposure nest survival model and Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate reproductive success. We uniquely banded 77 adults and 49 chicks to understand annual survival and fidelity rates using a live encounter mark-recapture model. During the pre-fledge period, we observed movements of Piping Plover broods, and we gathered information on their environment that may affect their behavior. We recorded 191 brood locations, collected 132 focal chick behavior samples, and 113 potential disturbance environmental samples. We used multiple linear regression to evaluate several hypotheses regarding daily and hourly brood movement rates. We also conducted 22 migratory surveys after the breeding season in 2016 at an area in Cape Hatteras National Seashore thought to be used by large numbers of south-bound migrating Piping Plovers. We used integrated Jolly-Seber and binomial count models on resighting and count data to estimate stopover superpopulation and stopover duration of migrating birds based on their breeding region of origin.
Annual survival of adults from North Carolina (x ̅ = 0.69, SE = 0.07) was not different from another population on Fire Island, New York (x ̅ = 0.73, SE = 0.04), but the North Carolina population annually had low reproductive success, primarily due to low rates of chick survival. As a result, the North Carolina population was predicted to decline during the study period (λ<1 each year). Historically this population has not met the estimated rate of reproductive output needed for a stationary population (1.07 chicks per pair, SE = 0.69); therefore, it is likely the population is sustained by immigration from an unknown source. Daily (x ̅ = 71.5m/24hr) and hourly (x ̅ = 183.3m/hr) brood movements each had considerable variation (Daily: SD = 70.6, range = 0.0–327.2m; Hourly: SD = 262.3, range = 0.2–1450.9m). Chicks did not appear to move in response to the environmental factors we examined. The rate of brood movement suggests regular daylight monitoring is necessary to adequately protect unfledged broods from anthropogenic disturbance under current management methods. We found that 569 Piping Plovers (95% CI: 502–651), nearly 15% of the estimated Atlantic Coast population, stopped at a single area in Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina during fall migration. Birds stayed an average 4–7 weeks, depending on the breeding region from which they migrated, and they primarily used a relatively new protected area. These findings suggest that North Carolina is an important area for Piping Plover ecology during multiple stages of their annual cycle.Master of Science
A federally threatened species, the Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) lives on sandy beaches along the North American Atlantic Coast. On the coast of North Carolina, Piping Plovers breed in areas with large amounts of recreational and tourism use. To reduce potential negative effects on breeding Piping Plovers from human activities, land managers close areas to pedestrian and vehicle access. However, the plover population there has not appeared to grow as a result of these management strategies, but large numbers of migrant Piping Plovers have capitalized on this management. Recent work that hypothesized population dynamics in North Carolina may function differently than other Piping Plover populations, and this study was designed to test that hypothesis. To understand how disturbance, and attempts to mitigate it, affected plover demography, we studied Piping Plover population dynamics, chick movement, and migration in North Carolina from 2015–2017. We monitored breeding efforts of Piping Plovers and used banding techniques to understand survival of chicks and adults. We observed behavior and movements of Piping Plover chicks before they fledged and gathered information on habitat they selected and potential risks that may alter their behavior. We also conducted migratory surveys after the breeding season at an area thought to be used by large numbers of Piping Plovers. Survival of adult plovers from North Carolina was not substantially different from that of plovers from other areas, but the North Carolina population had low reproductive success caused by low chick survival, and we estimated the population was declining. However, historically this population has not had enough breeding success to maintain itself; therefore, it is likely the population relies on plovers that immigrate to North Carolina from elsewhere. Plover brood movement was variable, and did not move in response to several environmental factors. The rate of brood movements we observed suggest regular daylight monitoring is necessary to adequately protect unfledged broods from anthropogenic disturbance and mortality using current management methods. We found that nearly 15% of Atlantic Coast plovers stopped at a single area in Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina, during fall migration, staying an average 4–7 weeks. These findings suggest that North Carolina is a unique area to Piping Plover ecology during multiple stages of their annual cycle.
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Swanson, Kevin Allen. "Movements, Survival, and Habitat Relationships of Snowshoe Hares Following Release in Northeast Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364225059.
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O'Donoghue, Mark. "Reproduction, juvenile survival and movements of snowshoe hares at a cyclic population peak." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30244.
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Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) populations were provided with supplemental food on two study grids in the southwest Yukon to examine the effects of food on reproduction and juvenile growth. Timing of parturition, pregnancy rates, litter sizes, male breeding condition, and juvenile growth rates were measured on the food grids and on two control grids during two summers at a cyclic peak in hare numbers. The main effects of food addition were to increase hare densities 2.1- to 2.7-fold, to advance the timing of breeding by about a week in one year, and to increase the mean size of third litter 30% in one year relative to the controls. There were no significant differences in pregnancy rates, litter sizes in five of six litter groups, length of male breeding season, or juvenile growth rates between hare populations on the food and control grids. Third litter stillborn rates were higher, and third litter juveniles grew slightly more slowly on food grids relative to those on controls, possibly because of higher densities. This study suggests that food is not a proximate factor limiting hare reproduction and early juvenile growth at the observed peak hare densities.
Juvenile snowshoe hares were radio-tagged at birth on one food addition grid and one control grid, to determine early juvenile survival rates, the effects of the food addition on these rates, and the proximate causes of mortality. Indices of survival were estimated by live-trapping on these grids, and on one additional set of grids. Thirty-day survival rates were 0.46, 0.15, and 0.43 for the first, second and third litters of the year, respectively. There were no differences between early juvenile survival on the food addition and control grids in any of the litter groups. The main proximate cause of juvenile mortality was predation by small mammalian predators, the most important being red squirrels and arctic ground squirrels. Seventy percent of early juvenile mortality occurred during the first 5 days after birth. Survival of littermates was not independent; Utters tended to all live or die as a unit more often than expected by chance. Fifty-one percent of litters had no known survivors after 14 days of age. Individual survival rates were negatively related to litter size, positively related to body size at birth, and litter size was negatively correlated with body size, suggesting trade-offs as predicted by life history theory. The number of recruits per litter, and the probability of total litter failure, did not differ significantly over the observed range of litter sizes.
The radio-tagged juveniles were also followed to examine pre-dispersal movements, maternal-juvenile interactions, and timing of natal dispersal. Hare Utters stayed at their nest sites for an average of 2.7 days, after which each individual hare usually found a separate hiding place from its littermates. Juvenile hares ranged progressively farther from their nest sites as they grew, up to the age of 20 days. From 20 to 35 days of age, leverets stayed approximately 75 m from their nest sites, after which time their movements again increased. Observations at nest sites suggested that adult female hares nursed their litters only once per day, shortly after twilight. Some females aggressively defended their newborn litters before the juveniles left the nests. Natal dispersal of juvenile hares began shortly after weaning at 24-28 days of age. Many third litter juveniles were nursed for a longer period of at least 29-40 days. Juvenile males may disperse sooner and travel farther than females from their natal ranges.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Osterbur, Megan E. "When is it Our Time?: An Event History Model of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Rights Policy Adoption." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1471.
Full textAbstract:
Gays and lesbians have long struggled for their rights as citizens, yet only recently has their struggle been truly politicized in a way that fosters mobilization. When and why social movements coalesce despite the many obstacles to collective action are fundamental questions in comparative politics. While examining social movements is worthwhile, it is important to examine not only when and why a social movement forms, but also when and why a social movement is successful. This dissertation tackles the latter of these objectives, focusing on when and why social movements have success in terms of their duration from the time of their formation until their desired policy output is produced.
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Plumb, Reid Thomas. "Lesser prairie-chicken movement, space use, survival, and response to anthropogenic structures in Kansas and Colorado." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19149.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceBiology
David A. Haukos
The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is an endemic North American prairie grouse once widely distributed in the southwestern Great Plains. Recent population declines and continued threats to lesser prairie-chicken populations prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to list the species as “threatened” under the protection of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 in May 2014. The northern extent of the species range in Kansas and Colorado supports 2/3 of the remaining range-wide population of lesser prairie-chickens, but has thus far been relatively understudied. Concern for species viability has created a need to fill current knowledge gaps in lesser prairie-chicken ecology, provide more recent demographic information, and develop appropriate conservation actions. I evaluated female survival, movement, space use, and effects of anthropogenic features during the breeding seasons of 2013 and 2014. I captured and radio-tagged 201 females with satellite GPS (N = 114) and VHF (N = 82) transmitters within the three ecoregions of Kansas and Colorado. Mean daily movement varied by region, year, and breeding season period but the amount of space used was consistent between ecoregions and years. On average, females moved 1352 m ± 12 [SE] per day. Females moved the greatest distances during the lekking period of the breeding season with females moving 2074 m ± 36 per day. Females were most sedentary during the brooding period moving only 780 m ± 14 per day. Mean breeding season home range size was estimated to be 340 ha ± 27. The lekking period had the greatest amount of movement as a result of females visiting leks to find mates, copulate, and search for nest locations. Female’s movements were reduced during the brooding period because of physical limitations of the brood mobility. Variation in movement between ecoregions was most likely a product of fragmentation as females moved 10-30% more in northwest Kansas compared to the study sites, which was characterized by northwest Kansas having the greatest degree of fragmentation. Survival varied by ecoregion with females in northwest Kansas having the lowest probability of surviving the 6-month breeding season compared to other ecoregions. Estimated 6-month breeding season survival during 2013 and 2014 was 0.455 (95% CI = 0.38 – 0.53). Survival was lowest during the nesting period, which claimed 59.5% of all observed mortalities. Survival increased from 2013 to 2014 in northwest Kansas as grassland habitats recovered from extreme drought conditions in 2013. Drought was less severe in south-central Kansas and survival rates remained fairly consistent across years. Avian and mammalian predators caused 45.7% and 34.3% of breeding season mortalities, respectively. Other mortalities were either cause by snakes or were unknown (5.7%, 14.3%). Overhead cover may have been limited from drought conditions causing nesting females to be more visible to avian predators during incubation. When pooled across years and ecoregions, rump-mounted GPS transmitters did not adversely affect female survival when compared to commonly used necklace style VHF transmitter (VHF: 0.48 95% CI = 0.39 – 0.58; GPS: 0.50 95% CI = 0.38 – 0.64). Distance to distribution power lines and lek were significant predictors of female space use within their home range with females behaviorally avoiding distribution power lines and using space closer to leks. Space use decreased with increasing oil well density. Females avoided areas that had well densities of 23 wells/250 ha. Observed female locations were further from anthropogenic features but closer to leks on average than at random. Avoidance behavior of anthropogenic features may result in functional habitat loss and reduce the amount of suitable habitat available; compounding previously fragmented landscapes. Anthropogenic features may limit movement by acting as barriers on the landscape and potentially disrupt population connectivity. Furthermore, habitats selected for nesting and brooding may result in potential ecological traps because of reduce breeding success when impacted by increased occurrence and densities of anthropogenic features. Reduced breeding success can have significant negative impacts on population persistence. Average home range size across all ecoregions indicated that female lesser prairie-chickens need at least 340 ha of habitat to fulfill her life-history requirements during the breeding season. Brooding habitats need to be in close proximity (≤ 750 m) to nesting cover to reduce distance traversed by newly hatched broods. Reducing grazing pressure will ensure that sufficient vertical habitat structure is available during the nesting period and increase female survival; especially in times of drought. Mangers should restrict construction of anthropogenic features near or within suitable lesser prairie-chicken habitat with emphasis on distribution power lines. Well densities should not exceed 1 well/60 acres (11 wells/section) for a >10% probability of use. However, because the affect that density of wells has on demographic rates of lesser prairie-chickens has yet to be determined, a conservative approach where well densities in or adjacent to grassland patches should be minimized as much as possible is best.
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Levi, Andre Arianrhodd. "Feminist Reconstructions of Identity in a Self-Help Program: A Study of Two Social Movement Organizations for Incest Survivors /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487932351056661.
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Toole, Benjamin Edwin. "Survival, seasonal movements, and cover use by lesser prairie chickens in the Texas Panhandle." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2651.
Full textAbstract:
Lesser prairie chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus; LPC) numbers have
declined considerably in Texas since the early 1900s. As with other prairie chicken
species, reasons for declining ranges and numbers have been attributed primarily to
degradation and fragmentation of habitats. Until my study, no telemetry-based research
on LPC has been conducted in the Rolling Plains of the Texas Panhandle. I radio-tagged
and monitored LPCs in 2001 (spring??winter) and 2002 (spring) at a stable population in
a native rangeland landscape (Study Area I) and in a declining population in a
fragmented rangeland and agricultural landscape (Study Area II).
No significant (P < 0.05) differences in survival were detected for combined
study areas between years, or between study areas within years. Ranges and
movements, as independent criteria by season, sex, and age classes combined were
similar (P > 0.05) for both study areas.
Lesser prairie chickens predominately occupied native rangeland cover types
(>85%) compared to non-native rangelands at both study areas. Total invertebrate dry
mass for all orders differed between native rangeland and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sites at Study Area II. Over 32 times more dry mass of invertebrates
was collected at the native rangeland site than were collected at the CRP site.
Herbaceous cover differed significantly for grasses (P < 0.01), forbs (P < 0.01),
and bare ground (P < 0.01), but not for litter (P = 0.43) or woody cover (P = 0.63)
between study areas. The similar range sizes, movement distances, and cover use
observed for both study areas may provide insight into minimum area requirements for
LPCs within the Rolling Plains in the Texas Panhandle.
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Gruber, Natasha W. "Population Dynamics and Movements of Translocated and Resident Greater Sage-Grouse on Anthro Mountain, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1417.
Full textAbstract:
Declining populations of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage-grouse) have increased stakeholder concerns regarding the management and stability of the species range-wide. Numerous conservation strategies have been identified to restoring sage-grouse population declines to include species translocations. Translocations have been used for many different wildlife species to help sustain genetic heterogeneity, reestablish, and augment declining populations. In a recent translocation study, researchers identified the protocols used to successfully translocate sage-grouse to restore declining populations in Strawberry Valley, Utah. This translocation occurred in a high elevation basin buffered by geomorphic barriers. I evaluated these protocols for use in translocating sage-grouse to augment a declining population that inhabited Anthro Mountain in northwest Utah. Anthro Mountain is a high elevation mountain dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) void of geomorphic barriers. I compared annual production, survival (i.e., vital rates), habitat use, and movements of translocated birds and their progeny to the resident population. Lastly, I described the integration of translocated birds with resident birds and the overall efficacy of the translocation effort. I radio-collared and monitored 60 translocated female sage-grouse from Parker Mountain, Utah over a 2-year period (2009 and 2010) and compared their vital rates to 19 radio-marked resident sage-grouse. Adult survival was similar for resident and translocated birds, but higher for both groups in 2010 than in 2009. However, overall survival of both resident and translocated birds was lower than range-wide survival estimates. Nest success was slightly higher for resident birds than translocated birds but positively correlated to grass height for both groups. Chick survival was also slightly higher for resident birds than for translocated birds, and higher overall in 2010 than in 2009. Chick survival was positively correlated to grass cover for both groups. Translocated birds used similar habitats and exhibited migration behaviors similar to resident birds. From a methodology perspective, the translocations protocols were successful because the translocated birds quickly acclimated to the release area, and their survival and reproductive success were similar to the resident birds. The effect of the translocation on augmenting the local population was inconclusive.
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Oppong, Yaa Mary Pokua Afriyie. "'We follow our cow ... and forget our home' : movement, survival and Fulani identity in Greater Accra, Ghana." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29240/.
Full textAbstract:
We follow our cow and forget our home'. This statement encapsulates the problems that this thesis addresses in relation to the three interdependent themes of identity, movement and survival. This study is concerned with Fulani identities and mobility in Greater Accra, Ghana. It is ultimately about Fulani survival across space and through time. It involves an understanding of where people are coming from, where they have travelled to and the environments in which they have grown up, been educated, married, borne children and worked. The units of analysis are the lives, stories and experiences of individuals, as well as the communities and ultimately ethnic group of which they form a part. The account thus addresses the 'personal troubles' of individual women and men, both young and old, as well as wider 'public issues' taken up by the Ghanaian state and press. These issues are also observed to be the subject of debate and concern in the Fulani community in Greater Accra. This thesis concerns itself with the sites and circumstances in which Fulani consider themselves to be the same or different. The markers of Fulani identity, as recognized by Fulani and non-Fulani alike, are examined. The factors are investigated that allow them, as a distinct ethnic category, to maintain and perpetuate this identity and viability in Greater Accra. The analogy of 'construction sites' is useful for considering these different, explicit and implicit events and recurring processes, through which people reproduce themselves as Fulani (of various kinds). These sites are locations as well as contexts of action. They are social circumstances (with personnel, power relations, procedures etc.) such as ethnic associations, public gatherings and common rites of passage. The recurring processes include genealogical reckoning of kinship and endogamous marriage transactions, and the ways in which ties of descent and filiation are used to enhance individual survival and family development goals.
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Saxena, Ankur. "Cell migration and survival pathways in cardiac development and disease." Access to abstract only; dissertation is embargoed until after 12/20/2006, 2005. http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/library/ETD/etdDetails.cfm?etdID=138.
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Yoder, James M. "Ruffed grouse dispersal : relationships with landscape and consequences for survival /." PURL, 2004. http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/232160926.pdf.
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McDonald, Kenneth P. "Survival, home range, movements, habitat use, and feeding habits of reintroduced river otters in Ohio." Connect to resource, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1125079007.
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Lee, Daniel James. "Survival, family breakups, and dispersal of yearling and subadult black bears in western Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41230.
Full textAbstract:
Reported survival rates, dates of family breakup, and dispersal patterns for yearling and subadult bears in hunted black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in North America are scarce. We estimated survival rates of yearling and subadult black bears from a hunted population in western Virginia during 1999 - 2002. We captured and marked 307 different individual yearling and subadult bears on 2 study sites, and attached ear tag transmitters or radio collars to 54 (34M : 20F) 1-year-old, 52 (23M : 29F) 2-year-old, and 35 (8M : 27F) 3-year-old black bears. We used the known fate model in program MARK to estimate annual, non-hunting, and hunting season survival for radio-marked bears of each age and sex class. Additionally, we used mark-recapture data in the recaptures only, dead recoveries, and Burnham¡¯s combined models within program MARK to estimate annual survival for each age and sex class. One-, 2-, and 3-year-old female survivorship was 0.87 (95% C.I. 0.78 - 0.92), while 1-year male survivorship was 0.32 (95% C.I. 0.20 - 0.47), and 2- and 3-year-old male survivorship was 0.59 (95% C.I. 0.47 - 0.71) from the Burnham's combined model. Survival rates for 1-year-old females (¦à 2 = 6.20, P = 0.01) and 2-year-old females (¦à 2 = 7.74, P = 0.01) were higher than males in each age category, respectively. However, we detected no difference between 3-year-old females and 3-year-old males (¦à 2 = 2.61, P=0.11), likely due to small sample size of males (n = 4). Low yearling and subadult survival is not likely a cause for alarm due to the importance of adult female survival to population growth and the promiscuous mating system in black bear populations.
Family breakup is an important event in the life history of black bears, marking the initial dispersal and home range construction of yearling bears, and perhaps marking the timing of estrus and breeding opportunities for adult females. We monitored 6 black bear family groups with 12 yearlings (6M : 6F) to determine the timing of family breakup; we intensely monitored 3 of the family groups to document home range establishment and movements by 5 subadult bears (2M : 3F) following separation from their mothers. Estimated dates of family breakup were 28 May and 2 June. Family breakups occurred before peak dates of estrus on our 2 western Virginia study areas. We detected 2 reassociations between a mother and her yearling offspring. Following family breakup, female yearlings (n = 3) remained within or partially on their mothers' home range while subadult males (n = 2) left their mothers' home ranges. All yearlings (n = 5) shared ¡à 50% of post-breakup home range with their mothers.
We studied the movements of 31 (11M : 20F) subadult black bears born on our 2 study areas in western Virginia and 70 (44M : 26F) subadult bears captured during the summer on the study areas for dispersal. No radio-marked, resident, subadult female bears exhibited dispersal behavior while 3 of 11 (27%) radio-marked, resident, subadult males dispersed (P = 0.04). Resident and summer capture male bears moved greater distances than females from yearling den location (¦à 2 = 8.54, P = 0.01, df = 2) or summer capture location (¦à 2 = 22.02, P < 0.01, df = 2); no female moved > 10 km between initial and final locations (x = 2.7 km, range 0.2 - 9.0 km). The greatest subadult male movement was 80 km (x = 13.4 km, range 0.6 -0.80 km), and dispersal movements primarily occurred within the 1 and 2-year-old age classes. Direction of movement between initial and final locations for dispersing bears was not random (Rayleigh's r = 0.56, P = 0.02); bears appeared to follow the orientation of the predominant ridgelines and avoided leaving the national forest.Master of Science
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Killinger, Gregory M. "Movement and survival of chinook salmon fry stocked in a stream with natural barriers to anadromous fish migration." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42100.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the movement, habitat utilization, growth, and survival of hatchery incubated chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshavvytscha) fry stocked above a barrier falls on the Indian River, Chichagof Island, southeast Alaska. The Indian River contained significant potential salmonid rearing habitat, but was devoid of anadromous fish upstream of the barrier falls near tidewater. Approximately 50,000 and 260,000 chinook fry were stocked into Indian River in 1986 and 1988, respectively. The stream was divided into reaches which were stocked with equal numbers of fry. In 1988, fry also were stocked into beaver ponds connected to the stream. Each group of fry contained coded-wire tagged individuals, identified by stocking location.
Fry movement was almost entirely downstream, with a substantial emigration during a spring flood immediately after the 1988 stocking. Most emigrating fry had been stocked in the lower stream section.
Master of Science
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Moreira, Streva Juliana [Verfasser]. "Cartographies of Survival: Disputing Democracy, Reimagining Community : Learning with Women in Grassroots Movements / Juliana Moreira Streva." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216503699/34.
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Mongale, Kealogetswe Maureen. "Exploration of eye movement desensitization as part of treatment of traumatic memories/post traumatic stress disorder in rape survivors in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13492.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 54-59.This study documents eye movement desensitization (EMD) therapy sessions of 2 female in-patients suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as a result of rape. The literature review considers the three main approaches to understanding and treating PTSD (psychodynamic, crisis, and behavioural), before consideration of EMD. A brief comparison of EMD and Hypnosis is also presented in this section. The case material provides an account of the application of EMD and its therapeutic outcome. The patients' verbal reports and nurses' observations were used as measurement strategies to estimate the therapeutic success. The discussion explores various factors which influenced the therapeutic outcome. In conclusion it is hypothesized that EMD has a cathartic effect which needs to be further explored and considered in its theorization. Finally, implications of the findings for clinical work with PTSD in South Africa are discussed.
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Blaser, Thomas. "Official language policy in Canada and Switzerland : language survival and political stability." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31091.
Full textAbstract:
The official language policies and their basic concepts, the principle of personality in Canada and the principle of territoriality in Switzerland, are critically analyzed. The two democratic federations are compared as two multination states since 'nation' is defined in cultural terms. Language survival is justified in liberal theory through minority rights. The principle of territoriality that assures the dominance of the linguistic majority over a territory within the federation is in accordance with liberal democracy if fundamental rights are protected. The principle of territoriality contributes thus to political stability within a multination federation. There is no movement in Switzerland that is fed by a language-based grievance despite the existence of three linguistic minorities: Switzerland accommodates successfully linguistic diversity. In Canada, the perception that the survival of the French language might not be sustained fuels a secessionist movement threatening the unity of the federation.
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Smith, Olivia M. "EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND CONVERSION AND LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY ON MOVEMENT, SURVIVAL, AND ABUNDANCE OF NORTHERN BOBWHITES (COLINUS VIRGINIANUS) IN OHIO." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448293189.
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Vitz, Andrew C. "Survivorship, habitat use, and movements for two species of mature forest birds." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211988466.
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Evans, Tracie Marie. "Effects of the availability of floral resources on plant-pollinator interactions and the implications for the long-term survival of plant populations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33045.
Full textAbstract:
1. Insect pollinators have been shown to alter their foraging patterns in response to habitat and landscape composition, particularly in relation to changes in the availability of floral resources which provide essential pollen and nectar provisions. Changes to pollinator behaviour and community composition, may alter the distance, directness and frequency of pollen movement and thus, the compatibility and genetic relatedness of pollen transferred between plants. We still lack good understanding of how variation in the spatial and temporal availability of floral resources drives pollinator responses and in turn, affects the fitness of outcrossing plants. Knowledge in this area could contribute to improved management interventions to enhance pollination services for plant conservation. 2. Through a combination of habitat and landscape scale field experiments, I explored how the availability of floral resources at different spatial scales affected plant-pollinator interactions, pollen transfer and mating success in plant populations, particularly those isolated from conspecifics. This involved introducing different species of plants in experimental arrays across a range of study systems that varied in structure and floral availability. Over the course of the thesis, I measured the community composition and behaviour of pollinators visiting experimental arrays; focusing on traits considered important for pollen transfer (e.g. Inter-tegular ('IT') span). Pollen movement was quantified within and between populations (5-150m) and the resulting plant outcrossing rates were measured using different methods including paternity analysis and the use of a dominance inheritance system. In addition, the implications of variations in pollinator foraging and pollination services can be attributed to pollen and gene flow and subsequently the reproduction and fitness of plants were assessed as a means of predicting the impacts on longer-term plant survival. 3. Findings from this thesis demonstrate reductions in the activity density (the abundance of actively foraging pollinators) and richness of pollinators and thus, the potential for plant visitation in response to a high abundance of floral resources within a habitat. This led to disruptions in pollen transfer, illustrated through a lower incidence of intra and inter-population pollen movement, and ultimately, reduced plant outcrossing rates. In parallel, plant seed set and germination rates were also reduced in habitats with high resource availability. Changes to pollinator communities and pollination services varied with the spatial scale at which floral resources were measured. Pollinator communities (activity density, richness and IT span) were most affected by floral resource abundance at a local scale (1-50m), particularly within a 20m radius of a plant population. Intra-population pollen movement was similarly affected by floral resources at a local spatial scale (within a 1m radius of a plant population). In contrast, no effect was observed on pollinator communities, intra-population pollen movement or plant reproduction when floral resources were measured at a landscape scale (within a 100-1500m radius of a plant population). However, findings were variable across different experiments at the same scale of measurement. For instance, the availability of floral resources at a local scale did not always elicit an effect on plant reproduction. This reflects differences in plant species identity and the effects of breeding system and floral traits, illustrated through variations in visitation rates between plant species. Inconsistencies were further observed with pollinator activity density and richness, which were not related to floral resources at a habitat scale in one chapter. 4. This thesis highlights the importance of the availability of floral resources at a local scale on plant-pollinator interactions and pollination services to plants. Co-flowering plants within florally rich habitats compete for pollinators and subsequently, visitation and pollen transfer between individuals of low density plant populations is diluted rather than facilitated. This suggests that although pollinator abundance and diversity may be enhanced through florally rich habitats (e.g. habitats implemented under the agri-environment scheme), pollination services are not automatically improved for plants which are present at low frequency in the landscape. This needs to be considered when designing and implementing management for threatened or isolated plants where plants may instead benefit from focused interventions. For instance, pollination services may be increased by efforts to maximise the facilitative effect of surrounding habitats, while increasing the ability of threatened or isolated plants to withstand competition from co-flowering plants.
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Jacobs, Keelan. "The migration, survival and movements of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) kelts originating from the Miramichi river system, NB." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103626.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the migration and survival of Miramichi River Atlantic salmon kelts within the Miramichi estuary and Atlantic Ocean, with the goals of documenting their migratory characteristics, survival and possible long term effects of catch-and-release angling. A total of 100 kelts were tagged with acoustic telemetry tags in 2008 and 2009 (50 per year) and were passively tracked through the Miramichi estuary system and Atlantic Ocean. Kelt survival to the estuary exit was high; 96 % in 2008, 92 % in 2009 and 94 % combined. Of the kelts that survived, 11 returned as repeat spawners (seven consecutives, four alternates). They did not use the estuary as an overwintering ground after spawning. Kelts spent significantly different amounts of time in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the estuary during their exit and return. Once released, the majority of kelts spent more time between their release site and the first receiver downstream then in the remaining downstream sections of the estuary. Average speeds of travel were variable, differing between years, but speed increased as kelts progressed towards the estuary exit. Kelts entered the sea a short time after release (< 20 d). Once out of the Miramichi system, kelts were occasionally detected along the coast when leaving from and returning to the river system. Some kelts exited the Gulf of St. Lawrence via the Strait of Belle Isle (22 in 2008, 9 in 2009), over a period of 20 d in 2008 and 35 d in 2009. Speeds of travel for kelts within the Gulf of St. Lawrence varied from 10.4 km/d to 69.9 km/d. Repeat spawners that returned as consecutives in 2008 and 2009 did so between 44 and 64.8 d post sea entry. Alternates returned an average of 394.7 d post sea entry. Early stages of estuarine migration are important for early marine survival and the return of repeat spawners. Consecutive spawners may exit the Gulf to recondition. This research gives insight into the role that the early stage of estuary migration has upon the early survival and return of repeat spawners as well as into the migratory routes used and possible destinations for ocean bound kelts.Cette thèse couvre la migration et la survie des saumons noir de l'Atlantique provenant de la Rivière Miramichi dans l'estuaire et dans l'océan Atlantique. Le but de cette thèse est de documenté leurs caractéristiques migratoire, leur survie et les effets possible de la graciation. Un total de 100 saumons noir ont été bagués en 2008 et en 2009 (50 par année) à l'aide de bagues de télémétrie acoustiques. Ceux-ci ont été suivis dans l'estuaire de la Rivière Miramichi et dans l'océan Atlantique. Leur survie jusqu'à la sortie de l'estuaire fut élevée (96 % en 2008, 92 % en 2009 et 94 % combiné). Des saumons qui ont survécut, 11 sont revenus afin de frayer de nouveau (sept consécutivement, quatre alternativement). Ils ne sont pas restés dans l'estuaire durant l'hiver après la fraie. Les saumons noir sont restés pour une période de temps différente dans les trois sections de l'estuaire (début, milieu, fin) durant la sortie et l'entrée. Après leur remise à l'eau, la plupart des saumons noir sont restés entre leur site de relâche et le premier receveur en aval. La vitesse de déplacement a augmenté dans chaque section, de l'endroit de relâche à la sortie de l'estuaire. La sortie de l'estuaire et l'entrée dans l'océan s'est faite en peu de temps (<20 jours). Dans le Golfe du St. Laurent, les saumons noir ont été documentés près des côtes. Ils sont sortis du Golfe du St. Laurent via le Détroit de Belle Isle (22 en 2008, 9 en 2009) se concentrant durant une période de 20 jours en 2008 et 35 jours en 2009. Dans le Golfe du St. Laurent la vitesse de déplacement se situait entre 10.4 km/jour et 69.9 km/jour. Les saumons sont retournés dans l'estuaire la même année entre 44 et 64.8 jours après leur sortie de l'estuaire, ou l'année suivante dans une moyenne de 394.7 jours après leur sortie de l'estuaire. Le début de leur migration dans l'estuaire peut être important pour leur survie dans l'océan et leur retour pour une autre fraie. Il est aussi possible que les saumons qui frayent chaque année sortent du Golfe afin d'acquérir l'énergie requise pour frayer. Cette recherche nous donne un aperçu du rôle que leur migration dans l'estuaire à sur leur survie immédiate et sur le retour des frayeurs. Cette recherche nous donne aussi un aperçu des routes de migration utilisées et des destinations possible des saumons dans l'océan Atlantique.
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Coles, Christopher Frederick. "Breeding, survival, movements and foraging of tawny owls Strix aluco in a managed spruce forest : a spatial approach." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4344/.
Full textAbstract:
In 1996-98,1 studied the spatial ecology of the tawny owl Strix aluco (L.) in Kielder, a managed spruce forest in Northumberland, northern England. I employed radio tracking in an individual-based approach, estimating densities of field voles Microtus agrestis, the owl's main prey in Kielder Forest, using a calibrated sign index. In both 1996, a low vole year, and 1997, an increasing vole year, juvenile mortality was high, and largely due to starvation and predation. 55.4% of the variation in the mean number of days survived post-fledging per brood was explained by a model comprising the variables mean clutch hatch date, brood size, and voles per hectare at the clear-cuts nearest natal nest boxes in the spring of breeding. Nine percent of non radio tagged juveniles were recruited in 1997-98, in comparison with none of the radio marked individuals. Post onset of dispersal, vole abundance explained 25.7% of the variation in the time that juveniles spent in different areas. Juveniles did not become more sedentary over time nor avoided roosting in occupied territories. Adult home ranges contained more grassy areas than expected from their abundance in the study area, but not from their abundance at watershed level. The absolute areas of grassy habitat and lengths of habitat edge that were included in home ranges varied widely. Range area was correlated with distance to the nearest clear-cut, but not with variation in estimated vole abundance. Nocturnal activity centred on clear-cuts, other grassy areas, and mature forestry plantations. Field voles constituted 59% of prey deliveries to two nest boxes. The time that owls spent at clear-cuts was not correlated with estimated vole abundance there. Tawny owls are generalist predators, but their spatial ecology was strongly influenced by the abundance of their main prey species and the distribution of habitats that supported it.