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Journal articles on the topic 'Susceptibilite alternative'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Price, Christopher T. D., Vineet K. Singh, Radheshyam K. Jayaswal, Brian J. Wilkinson, and John E. Gustafson. "Pine Oil Cleaner-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin and Oxacillin and Involvement of SigB." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 11 (November 2002): 5417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.11.5417-5421.2002.

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ABSTRACT Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus strain COL resistant to a household pine oil cleaner (POC) were isolated on laboratory media containing POC. S. aureus mutants expressing the POC resistance (POCr) phenotype also demonstrate reduced susceptibility to the cell wall-active antibiotics vancomycin and oxacillin. The POCr phenotype is reliant on the S. aureus alternative transcription factor SigB, since inactivation of sigB abolished expression of elevated POC resistance and the reductions in vancomycin and oxacillin susceptibilities. The isolation of suppressor mutants of COLsigB::kan, which maintain the sigB::kan allele, indicates that the POCr phenotype can also be expressed to a lesser degree via a sigB-independent mechanism. These results bolster a growing body of reports suggesting that common disinfectants can select for bacteria with reduced susceptibilities to antibiotics. A series of in vitro-selected glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) isolates also expressed reductions in POC susceptibility compared to parent strains. Viewed collectively, our evidence suggests that mutations leading to the POCr phenotype may also be involved with the mechanism that leads to the GISA phenotype.

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2

George, Bill, and Aadt Klijn. "Psychosis susceptibility syndrome: an alternative name for schizophrenia." Lancet Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (July 2014): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70249-4.

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3

Sommer, Iris E., and René S. Kahn. "Psychosis susceptibility syndrome: an alternative name for schizophrenia." Lancet Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (July 2014): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70288-3.

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4

Pignari, Sergio A., Giordano Spadacini, and Flavia Grassi. "Alternative radiated susceptibility test methods at unit level." IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine 9, no. 1 (2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memc.2020.9075038.

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5

Taylor, Lindsay N., Michael Howe, and Christopher J. Crnich. "137. Evaluating a Novel Antibiogram Format for use in Wisconsin Nursing Homes." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.182.

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Abstract Background Nursing homes (NHs) increasingly use antibiograms to track antibiotic-related outcomes and guide antibiotic choice. Creation of a facility-specific antibiogram is hampered by low number of cultures collected in NHs. A weighted-incidence syndromic combination antibiogram (WISCA) is an alternative approach that may provide more stable estimates of antibiotic activity. In this study, we compare traditional antibiograms and WISCAs in a sample of Wisconsin NHs. Methods We created urine-specific antibiograms using traditional and WISCA approaches at facility and regional levels using culture data collected in study NHs from 01/01/2018 – 12/31/2018. Susceptibility results were standardized across laboratories using CLSI breakpoints. Traditional antibiograms were deemed reliable when ≥ 20 isolates were recovered for at least one species and species exceeding this threshold comprised 75% of all isolates. WISCAs were deemed reliable if ≥ 20 urinary isolates were recovered. Bootstrapped regional mean susceptibilities and confidence intervals for traditional antibiograms and WISCAs were calculated. Susceptibilities calculated at the facility-level were compared to regional estimates. Facility-level susceptibility estimates were deemed concordant if within 1 SD, moderately discordant if between 1 and 2 SDs, and severely discordant if greater than 2 SDs of the regional estimate. Results 462 urine isolates were obtained from 23 NHs in 2 regions. None of the facility-specific traditional antibiograms met reliability criteria. 10 of 23 facility-specific WISCAs were reliable and increased to 19 of 23 when 2-years of microbiology data were utilized (table). Severe discordance between facility-specific and regional estimates was identified with 62/107 NH species-antibiotic means and 98/119 NH urine isolate-antibiotic means falling outside of 2 SD of corresponding bootstrap regional susceptibility means (figure). Table. Reliability analysis of facility-specific urinary WISCAs and traditional antibiograms. 2-year projection was created using the assumption of similar culture results over 2-years. Figure. Proportion of concordant, moderately discordant, and severely discordant NH mean susceptibilities in comparison to bootstrap regional mean susceptibilities for traditional antibiograms and WISCAs. NH mean susceptibilities from 5 isolates of more were included. Conclusion WISCAs are more reliable than traditional antibiograms for estimating antibiotic susceptibilities using facility-specific data. The high degree of discordance observed between facility-specific and regional antibiograms raises concerns about pooling culture data from multiple facilities. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Cuenca-Estrella, Manuel, Alicia Gomez-Lopez, M. Olga Gutierrez, M. Jose Buitrago, and Juan L. Rodriguez-Tudela. "Reliability of the WIDERYST Susceptibility Testing System for Detection of In Vitro Antifungal Resistance in Yeasts." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 3 (January 14, 2008): 1062–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01016-07.

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ABSTRACT This study evaluated the WIDERYST system, a commercially available computer-assisted image-processing device for the antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. A collection of 90 clinical isolates selected to represent ranges of susceptibilities in vitro as broad as possible was tested. An evaluation compared the results obtained by the new system with those achieved by both the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microdilution reference procedure and the antifungal susceptibility standard of the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Overall, the agreement and the correlation index between results obtained by the EUCAST method and the WIDERYST system were 89% and 0.84 (P < 0.01), respectively, and agreement and correlation index between data obtained by the CLSI procedure and the WIDERYST system were 90% and 0.86 (P < 0.01), respectively. The system was able to detect amphotericin B-resistant isolates. All Candida sp. isolates with resistance in vitro to azole agents were detected as well. The system misclassified some isolates belonging to the slowly growing genera Dipodascus and Pichia. A total of 2.7% very major errors were detected for fluconazole. The WIDERYST system is an alternative to reference procedures for antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of yeasts, particularly for Candida and Cryptococcus species.

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7

Iwagishi, Ryo, Rika Tanaka, Munenosuke Seto, Tomoyo Takagi, Naoko Norioka, Tomoe Ueyama, Teruhisa Kawamura, Junichi Takagi, Yoshihiro Ogawa, and Kyoko Shirakabe. "Negatively charged amino acids in the stalk region of membrane proteins reduce ectodomain shedding." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 35 (June 24, 2020): 12343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013758.

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Ectodomain shedding is a post-translational modification mechanism by which the entire extracellular domain of membrane proteins is liberated through juxtamembrane processing. Because shedding rapidly and irreversibly alters the characteristics of cells, this process is properly regulated. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the propensity of membrane proteins to shedding are largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that negatively charged amino acids within the stalk region, an unstructured juxtamembrane region at which shedding occurs, contribute to shedding susceptibility. We show that two activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) protein variants produced by alternative splicing have different susceptibilities to ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17)-mediated shedding. Of note, the inclusion of a stalk region encoded by a 39-bp-long alternative exon conferred shedding resistance. We found that this alternative exon encodes a large proportion of negatively charged amino acids, which we demonstrate are indispensable for conferring the shedding resistance. We also show that the introduction of negatively charged amino acids into the stalk region of shedding-susceptible ALCAM variant protein attenuates its shedding. Furthermore, we observed that negatively charged amino acids residing in the stalk region of Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) are indispensable for its shedding resistance. Collectively, our results indicate that negatively charged amino acids within the stalk region interfere with the shedding of multiple membrane proteins. We conclude that the composition of the stalk region determines the shedding susceptibility of membrane proteins.

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8

Calis, Ozer, Cetin Cekic, Serhat Kara, and Demet Celik Ertekin. "Blackberry and raspberry are alternative resistance sources to fire blight." Articles scientifiques 97, no. 1 (July 13, 2017): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040510ar.

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Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight mainly on pear, apple and quince trees. This bacterial pathogen also infects other Rosaceous plants, such as blackberry and raspberry. A race structure was established between an isolate of E. amylovora and berries using 40 wild blackberry and 7 wild raspberry genotypes. In pathogenicity tests, wild blackberry and raspberry genotypes had three phenotypic reactions: enhanced susceptibility, moderate susceptibility and resistance. We noted a higher bacterial growth of over 300 × 109 cfu mL-1 in plants with enhanced susceptibility, with resistant genotypes showing a bacterial growth of around 150 × 109 cfu mL-1. These results are also associated with symptoms observed at 29 days post-inoculation. This resistance is being evaluated to control fire blight.

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9

TRIGUI, Mounir, and Alain TABBAGH. "Magnetic susceptibilities of oceanic basalts in alternative fields." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 42, no. 5 (1990): 621–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.42.621.

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10

Henrici, Ryan C., and Colin J. Sutherland. "Alternative pathway to reduced artemisinin susceptibility in Plasmodium falciparum." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 50 (November 28, 2018): 12556–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818287115.

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11

Petr, A., A. Neudeck, and L. Dunsch. "On the magnetic susceptibility of polyaniline – an alternative approach." Chemical Physics Letters 401, no. 1-3 (January 2005): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.11.038.

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12

Engler, Janice de Almeida, Bruno Favery, Gilbert Engler, and Pierre Abad. "Loss of susceptibility as an alternative for nematode resistance." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 16, no. 2 (April 2005): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2005.01.009.

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13

Caprario, Jakcemara, Aline Schuck Rech, Fabiane Andressa Tasca, and Alexandra Rodrigues Finotti. "Influence of drainage network and compensatory techniques on urban flooding susceptibility." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 1152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.113.

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Abstract Urban flooding due to accelerated urbanization and the resulting drainage problems have become a worldwide issue and the subject of several studies in recent decades. Alternative and holistic approaches such as sustainable drainage systems have been gaining prominence. Compensatory techniques represent one of these promising alternatives for managing flooding risk in the transition to regenerative urban environments. The goal of this study is to assess the effect of a drainage network together with compensatory techniques on the susceptibility to urban flooding in Campeche District. This study applies the analytical hierarchy process together with a consistency analysis, using overlapping influential parameters in three scenarios. The results show that introducing a drainage system decreases the susceptibility to urban flooding in approximately 27% of Campeche District. In general, considering the absence of a drainage network, it is concluded that its implementation together with compensatory structures provides a reduction of approximately 32% in the susceptibility to urban flooding. It should be noted that, although costly, interventions for the implementation of a drainage infrastructure associated with compensatory techniques are extremely important for disaster reduction and sustainable development.

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14

Tomašovičová, Natália, Jozef Kováč, Veronika Gdovinová, Nándor Éber, Tibor Tóth-Katona, Jan Jadżyn, and Peter Kopčanský. "Alternating current magnetic susceptibility of a ferronematic." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (November 27, 2017): 2515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.251.

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We report on experimental studies focusing on the dynamic ac magnetic susceptibility of a ferronematic. It has been shown recently, that in the isotropic phase of a ferronematic, a weak dc bias magnetic field of a few oersteds increases the ac magnetic susceptibility. This increment vanishes irreversibly if the substance is cooled down to the nematic phase, but can be reinduced by applying the dc bias field again in the isotropic phase [Tomašovičová, N. et al. Soft Matter 2016, 12, 5780–5786]. The effect has no analogue in the neat host liquid crystal. Here, we demonstrate that by doubling the concentration of the magnetic nanoparticles, the range of the dc bias magnetic field to which the ferronematic is sensitive without saturation can be increased by about two orders of magnitude. This finding paves a way to application possibilities, such as low magnetic field sensors, or basic logical elements for information storage.

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15

Coey, J. M. D., K. Gallagher, and V. Skumryev. "Alternating current susceptibility of a gadolinium crystal." Journal of Applied Physics 87, no. 9 (May 2000): 7028–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372920.

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16

Bhetwal, Anjeela, Anjila Maharjan, Puspa Raj Khanal, and Narayan Prasad Parajuli. "Enteric Fever Caused bySalmonella entericaSerovars with Reduced Susceptibility of Fluoroquinolones at a Community Based Teaching Hospital of Nepal." International Journal of Microbiology 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2869458.

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Enteric fever continues to be an important public health problem especially in developing countries of the tropical region including Nepal. In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of enteric fever associated withSalmonella entericaand determine its antimicrobial susceptibilities to therapeutic antimicrobials in a community based teaching hospital of Nepal. A total of 2,304 blood samples from suspected enteric fever patients attending Manmohan Memorial Teaching Hospital were processed with standard microbiological methods for the isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens. TheSalmonella entericaclinical strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, and the results were interpreted according to the criteria suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A total of 245 (10.6%) cases of enteric fever associated withSalmonella entericawere confirmed by blood culture. Out of them, 162 (66.1%) were caused bySalmonellaTyphi and 83 (33.9%) bySalmonellaParatyphi. On Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing,Salmonellaisolates were highly susceptible to cefixime (100%), ceftriaxone (100%), ampicillin (97.9%), cotrimoxazole (94.6%), azithromycin (96.7%), tetracycline (95.5%), and chloramphenicol (97.5%), respectively. Two hundred twenty-six (92.2%) ofSalmonellaisolates were nalidixic acid resistant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (36.7%) and ofloxacin (54.8%), respectively. Although the rate of MDRSalmonellastrains was very low (<5%), their reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones has restricted their routine empirical use. Third generation cephalosporins are the safest choice for empirical use but ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol can be effective alternatives.

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17

Zawilski, B. M., J. Marcus, and P. Plaindoux. "A simple and accurate relative alternative magnetic susceptibility measurement technique." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 322, no. 18 (September 2010): 2786–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.04.028.

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18

Juri, Luis O., Victoria I. Bekeris, and Ricardo G. Steinmann. "Skin depth and complex magnetic susceptibility: An experimental alternative approach." American Journal of Physics 54, no. 9 (September 1986): 836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14426.

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19

Chen, Yuan-Tsung, S. H. Lin, and Y. C. Lin. "Effect of Low-Frequency Alternative-Current Magnetic Susceptibility inNi80Fe20Thin Films." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/186138.

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X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the NiFe thin films had a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. Post-annealing treatment increased the crystallinity of NiFe films over those at room temperature (RT), suggesting that NiFe crystallization yields FCC (111) texturing. Post-annealing treatments increase crystallinity over that obtained at RT. This paper focuses on the maximum alternative-current magnetic susceptibility(χac)value of NiFe thin films with resonance frequency(fres)at low frequencies from 10 Hz to 25000 Hz. These results demonstrate that theχacof NiFe thin films increased with post-annealing treatment and increasing thickness. The NiFe (111) texture suggests that the relationship between magneto-crystalline anisotropy and the maximumχacvalue with optimal resonance frequency(fres)increased spin sensitivity at optimalfres. The results obtained under the three conditions revealed that the maximumχacvalue and optimalfresof a 1000 Å-thick NiFe thin film are 3.45 Hz and 500 Hz, respectively, following postannealing atTA=250°C for 1 h. This suggests that a 1000 Å NiFe thin film post-annealed atTA=250°C is suitable for gauge sensor and transformer applications at low frequencies.

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20

Yan, L., M. Li, Y. Cao, P. Gao, Y. Cao, Y. Wang, and Y. Jiang. "The alternative oxidase of Candida albicans causes reduced fluconazole susceptibility." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 64, no. 4 (August 5, 2009): 764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkp273.

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21

Samui, Pijush, J. Jagan, and R. Hariharan. "An Alternative Method for Determination of Liquefaction Susceptibility of Soil." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 34, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-015-9969-2.

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22

Yin, Fan, Chen Chen, Randy West, Amy Epps Martin, and Edith Arambula-Mercado. "Determining the Relationship Among Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Test Parameters and Correlation to Field Performance of Asphalt Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 4 (March 11, 2020): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120912430.

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The Hamburg wheel-tracking test (HWTT) is commonly used to evaluate the rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. Over the years, different test parameters have been proposed, including the traditional ones specified in AASHTO T 324 and several alternatives developed by asphalt researchers. This study was undertaken to refine the HWTT method toward enhancing its implementation as part of balanced mix design specifications for asphalt mixtures. A HWTT database was developed including test results of over 70 mixtures with a wide range of mixture components and production parameters. Data analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among various HWTT parameters, determine their correlations to field performance data, and estimate the within-laboratory repeatability of the test results. Two alternative rutting parameters, rutting resistance index ( RRI) and corrected rut depth ( CRD), were found to be advantageous over the traditional parameters of total rut depth ( TRD) and creep slope ( CS). RRI allows for direct comparison of results with different termination points, and CRD isolates the rut depth resulting from permanent deformation from that caused by stripping. Among all the rutting parameters, RRI had the best correlation to field rut depth, followed by CS, CRD, and TRD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to determine the correspondence between HWTT results and pavement field performance related to moisture susceptibility. The analysis identified 9,000 passes as the best criterion for stripping inflection point and 2,000 passes for the alternative moisture susceptibility parameter, stripping number. Finally, the within-laboratory repeatability of HWTT rut depth measurements was determined.

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23

Rolain, J. M., M. Maurin, G. Vestris, and D. Raoult. "In Vitro Susceptibilities of 27 Rickettsiae to 13 Antimicrobials." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 1537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.7.1537.

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ABSTRACT The MICs of 13 antibiotics (doxycycline, thiamphenicol, rifampin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin, and pristinamycin) were determined for 27 available rickettsial species or strains. We used two in vitro cell culture methods described previously: the plaque assay and the microplaque colorimetric assay. Our results confirm the susceptibilities of rickettsiae to doxycycline, thiamphenicol, and fluoroquinolones. Beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and co-trimoxazole were not active. Typhus group rickettsiae were susceptible to all macrolides tested, whereas the spotted fever group rickettsiae,R. bellii, and R. canada were more resistant, with josamycin, a safe alternative for the treatment of Mediterranean spotted fever, being the most effective compound. Strain Bar 29,R. massiliae, R. montana, R. aeschlimannii, and R. rhipicephali, which are members of the same phylogenetic subgroup, were more resistant to rifampin than the other rickettsiae tested. Heterogeneity in susceptibility to rifampin, which we report for the first time, may explain in vivo discrepancies in the effectiveness of this antibiotic for the treatment of rickettsial diseases. We hypothesize that rifampin resistance and erythromycin susceptibility may reflect a divergence during the evolution of rickettsiae.

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Alcaide, Fernando, Laura Calatayud, Miguel Santín, and Rogelio Martín. "Comparative In Vitro Activities of Linezolid, Telithromycin, Clarithromycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, and Four Conventional Antimycobacterial Drugs against Mycobacterium kansasii." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 12 (December 2004): 4562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.12.4562-4565.2004.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium kansasii is one of the most pathogenic and frequent nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from humans. Patients with adverse drug reactions, resistant isolates, or suboptimal response require alternative treatment regimens. One hundred forty-eight consecutive clinical isolates of M. kansasii were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities by the BACTEC 460 system (NCCLS) with two different inoculation protocols, one conventional and one alternative. In the alternative protocol, the inoculum 12B vial was incubated until the growth index was between 250 and 500. Four conventional antimycobacterial drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, and ethambutol) were studied with standard critical concentrations. The in vitro activities of linezolid, telithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin were determined by measuring radiometric MICs. All isolates tested were identified as M. kansasii genotype I and were resistant to isoniazid at a concentration of 0.4 μg/ml. One hundred twenty isolates (81.1%) were inhibited by 1 μg of isoniazid per ml. A high level of resistance to isoniazid (>10 μg/ml) was observed in six isolates (4.1%). Only five strains (3.4%) were resistant to rifampin (>1 μg/ml). All isolates studied were susceptible to streptomycin and ethambutol. The MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (in micrograms per milliliter) were as follows: linezolid, 1 (range, ≤0.25 to 2); telithromycin, >16 (range, 4 to >16); clarithromycin, 0.5 (range, ≤0.03 to 1); levofloxacin, 0.12 (range, 0.12 to 0.25); and moxifloxacin, 0.06 (range, ≤0.06 to 0.12). The susceptibility testing results with both inoculation protocols showed perfect correlation. In conclusion, all M. kansasii isolates showed decreased susceptibility to isoniazid, but resistance to rifampin was infrequent. Quinolones, especially moxifloxacin, were the most active antimicrobial agents tested, followed by clarithromycin. Linezolid also showed good activity against these microorganisms, but telithromycin's in vitro activity was poor.

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25

Skumryev, V., Xiao-lei Rao, J. M. D. Coey, and N. Sheludko. "Alternating current susceptibility study of Dy2Fe17−xGax compounds." Journal of Applied Physics 83, no. 11 (June 1998): 7145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367660.

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26

Kant, Ravi, Kriti Tyagi, Srayan Ghosh, and Gopaljee Jha. "Host Alternative NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Serves as a Susceptibility Factor to Promote Pathogenesis of Rhizoctonia solani in Plants." Phytopathology® 109, no. 10 (October 2019): 1741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-19-0055-r.

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Phytopathogens have evolved mechanisms to utilize host genes (commonly known as susceptibility factors) to promote their pathogenesis. Rhizoctonia solani is a highly destructive fungal pathogen of various plants, including rice. We previously reported rice genes that were differentially regulated during R. solani pathogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the role of tomato homologs of two rice genes, isoflavone reductase (IFR) and alternative NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NUOR), as potential susceptibility factors for R. solani. Virus-induced gene silencing of NUOR in tomato resulted in compromised susceptibility against R. solani, whereas IFR-silenced plants demonstrated susceptibility similar to that of control plants. NUOR silencing in tomato led to homogenous accumulation of reactive oxygen species (optimum range) upon R. solani infection. In addition, the expression and enzyme activity of some host defense and antioxidant genes was enhanced, whereas H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage were reduced in NUOR-silenced plants. Similarly, transient silencing of OsNUOR provided tolerance against R. solani infection in rice. Overall, the data presented in this study suggest that NUOR serves as a host susceptibility factor to promote R. solani pathogenesis.

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27

Gonçalves, L. L., and N. T. de Oliveira. "Kinetic Ising model on alternating linear chains." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 1215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-199.

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The kinetic Ising model on two alternating linear chains is considered. Exact expressions are obtained for the wave-vector frequency-dependent susceptibility and the time evolution of the magnetization. It is shown that the long-time behaviour of the magnetization in both systems is identical to the one in the uniform chain. Although they behave similarly as far as the relaxation of the magnetization is concerned, they have different dynamic magnetic responses at equilibrium. It is also shown that at T = 0 for a given set of parameters the static susceptibility diverges at a well-defined wave vector, which is a consequence of the ordering of the ground state.

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28

Offit, Kenneth, Kaitlyn A. Tkachuk, Zsofia K. Stadler, Michael F. Walsh, Hector Diaz-Zabala, Jeffrey D. Levin, Zoe Steinsnyder, et al. "Cascading After Peridiagnostic Cancer Genetic Testing: An Alternative to Population-Based Screening." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 13 (May 1, 2020): 1398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.19.02010.

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PURPOSE Despite advances in DNA sequencing technology and expanded medical guidelines, the vast majority of individuals carrying pathogenic variants of common cancer susceptibility genes have yet to be identified. An alternative to population-wide genetic screening of healthy individuals would exploit the trend for genetic testing at the time of cancer diagnosis to guide therapy and prevention, combined with augmented familial diffusion or “cascade” of genomic risk information. METHODS Using a multiple linear regression model, we derived the time interval to detect an estimated 3.9 million individuals in the United States with a pathogenic variant in 1 of 18 cancer susceptibility genes. We analyzed the impact of the proportion of incident patients sequenced, varying observed frequencies of pathogenic germline variants in patients with cancer, differential rates of diffusion of genetic information in families, and family size. RESULTS The time to detect inherited cancer predisposing variants in the population is affected by the extent of cascade to first-, second-, and third-degree relatives (FDR, SDR, TDR, respectively), family size, prevalence of mutations in patients with cancer, and the proportion of patients with cancer sequenced. In a representative scenario, assuming a 7% prevalence of pathogenic variants across cancer types, an average family size of 3 per generation, and 15% of incident patients with cancer in the United States undergoing germline testing, the time to detect all 3.9 million individuals with pathogenic variants in 18 cancer susceptibility genes would be 46.2, 22.3, 13.6, and 9.9 years if 10%, 25%, 50%, and 70%, respectively, of all FDR, SDR, and TDR were tested for familial mutations. CONCLUSION Peridiagnostic and cascade cancer genetic testing offers an alternative strategy to achieve population-wide identification of cancer susceptibility mutations.

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Hillion, A., M. Pauly, A. Tamion, F. Tournus, M. Hillenkamp, B. P. Pichon, S. Begin-Colin, and V. Dupuis. "Combined fitting of alternative and direct susceptibility curves of assembled nanostructures." Journal of Applied Physics 112, no. 12 (December 15, 2012): 123902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4768837.

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30

Yang, Fan, Jing Yan, Jianglin Zhang, and Stijn van der Veen. "Evaluation of alternative antibiotics for susceptibility of gonococcal isolates from China." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 55, no. 2 (February 2020): 105846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.11.003.

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Nikolo, Martin. "Superconductivity: A guide to alternating current susceptibility measurements and alternating current susceptometer design." American Journal of Physics 63, no. 1 (January 1995): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.17770.

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Latimer, Joyce G., Reuben B. Beverly, Carol D. Robacker, Orville M. Lindstrom, Ronald D. Oetting, Denise L. Olson, S. Kristine Braman, et al. "Reducing the Pollution Potential of Pesticides and Fertilizers in the Environmental Horticulture Industry: I. Greenhouse, Nursery, and Sod Production." HortTechnology 6, no. 2 (April 1996): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.2.115.

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Pesticides have been the primary method of pest control for years, and growers depend on them to control insect and disease-causing pests effectively and economically. However, opportunities for reducing the potential pollution arising from the use of pesticides and fertilizers in environmental horticulture are excellent. Greenhouse, nursery, and sod producers are using many of the scouting and cultural practices recommended for reducing the outbreak potential and severity of disease and insect problems. Growers are receptive to alternatives to conventional pesticides, and many already use biorational insecticides. Future research should focus on increasing the effectiveness and availability of these alternatives. Optimizing growing conditions, and thereby plant health, reduces the susceptibility of plants to many disease and insect pest problems. Impediments to reducing the use of conventional pesticides and fertilizers in the environmental horticulture industry include 1) lack of easily implemented, reliable, and cost-effective alternative pest control methods; 2) inadequate funding for research to develop alternatives; 3) lack of sufficient educational or resource information for users on the availability of alternatives; 4) insufficient funding for educating users on implementing alternatives; 5) lack of economic or regulatory incentive for growers to implement alternatives; and 6) limited consumer acceptance of aesthetic damage to plants. Research and broadly defined educational efforts will help alleviate these impediments to reducing potential pollution by the environmental horticulture industry.

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Rodríguez-Tudela, J. L., J. Berenguer, J. V. Martínez-Suárez, and R. Sanchez. "Comparison of a spectrophotometric microdilution method with RPMI-2% glucose with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference macrodilution method M27-P for in vitro susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole against Candida albicans." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 9 (September 1996): 1998–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.9.1998.

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The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards has proposed a reference broth macrodilution method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts (the M27-P method). This method is cumbersome and time-consuming and includes MIC endpoint determination by visual and subjective inspection of growth inhibition after 48 h of incubation. An alternative microdilution procedure was compared with the M27-P method for determination of the amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole susceptibilities of 8 American Type Culture Collection strains (6 of them were quality control or reference strains) and 50 clinical isolates of candida albicans. This microdilution method uses as culture medium RPMI 1640 supplemented with 18 g of glucose per liter (RPMI-2% glucose). Preparation of drugs, basal medium, and inocula was done by following the recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The MIC endpoint was calculated objectively from the turbidimetric data read at 24 h. Increased growth of C. albicans in RPMI-2% glucose and its spectrophotometric reading allowed for the rapid (24 h) and objective calculation of MIC endpoints compared with previous microdilution methods with standard RPMI 1640. Nevertheless, good agreement was shown between the M27-P method and this microdilution test. The MICs obtained for the quality control or reference strains by the microdilution method were in the ranges published for those strains. For clinical isolates, the percentages of agreement were 100% for amphotericin B and fluconazole and 98.1% for flucytosine. These data suggest that this microdilution method may serve as a less subjective and more rapid alternative to the M27-P method for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts.

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Cao, Hui-Juan, Rui-Rong Tan, Rong-Rong He, Lu-Ping Tang, Xin-Luan Wang, Nan Yao, Wen-Jun Duan, Yuan-Ao Hu, Xin-Sheng Yao, and Hiroshi Kurihara. "Sarcandra glabraExtract Reduces the Susceptibility and Severity of Influenza in Restraint-Stressed Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/236539.

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Sarcandra glabra, as a type of “antipyretic-detoxicate drugs”, has always been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TheSarcandra glabraextract (SGE) is applied frequently as anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious drug in folk medicine. However, relative experiment data supporting this effective clinical consequence was limited. In order to mimic the physiological conditions of the susceptible population, we employed restraint stress mouse model to investigate the effect of SGE against influenza. Mice were infected with influenza virus three days after restraint, while SGE was orally administrated for 10 consecutive days. Body weight, morbidity, and mortality were recorded daily. Histopathologic changes, susceptibility genes expressions and inflammatory markers in lungs were determined. Our results showed that restraint stress significantly increased susceptibility and severity of influenza virus. However, oral administration of SGE could reduce morbidity, mortality and significantly prolonged survival time. The results further showed that SGE had a crucial effect on improving susceptibility markers levels to recover the balance of host defense system and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines levels through down-regulation of NF-κB protein expression to ameliorate the lung injury. These data showed that SGE reduced the susceptibility and severity of influenza.

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Stavař, Tomáš, and Michal Stehlík. "Carbonation Depth vs. Physical-Mechanical Properties of Concretes with Alternative Additions of Concrete Recyclate and Silicate Admixtures." Advanced Materials Research 897 (February 2014): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.897.290.

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The paper focuses on exploring the correlation dependence between the physical-mechanical properties of concretes and alternatively concretes with concrete recyclate and silicate admixtures and the susceptibility of concretes to carbonation. Determining the susceptibility of concretes to carbonation by testing the permeability of their surface layer using the TORRENT, ISAT, or GWT methods is relatively lengthy and requires expensive instrumentation. The first estimate of durability or susceptibility of concretes to carbonation can be easily made on the basis of standard physical-mechanical tests. It seems that the values of volume masses and tensile splitting strengths of concretes could be a good basis for the estimate of their durability.

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36

Auliyani, Diah, Tyas Mutiara Basuki, and Wahyu Wisnu Wijaya. "Spatial Analysis of Land Degradation Susceptibility and Alternative Plants for Its Rehabilitation." Forum Geografi 33, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v33i1.7499.

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One of the drawbacks of developing plants for the rehabilitation of degraded land in Indonesia is the relative lack of information about species that are suited to the local conditions. Therefore, spatial information on land degradation and the plants suitable for rehabilitation is crucial. The objectives of this study were to map the susceptibility of land to degradation and to identify some alternative species for its rehabilitation. The research was conducted in Jang Watershed, Bintan Island, Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia. A quick assessment of land degradation was carried out to classify the degree of land susceptibility. The land suitability evaluation was conducted manually by matching the existing biophysical condition and plant growth requirements using a geographic information system. This analysis was applied for annual plants, such as Acacia mangium, Durio zibethinus, Artocarpus champeden, Theobroma cacao and Hevea brassiliensis. Furthermore, the maps of land susceptibility to degradation and species suitability were overlaid and the result was used to provide recommendations for rehabilitating the degraded land. This study showed that 22% of the Jang Watershed area can be categorised as highly susceptible to degradation. The suitability analysis illustrated that 59% of the degraded areas were suitable for Acacia mangium. The planting of fast-growing species such as Acacia mangium is expected to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil.

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O'Connor, Jennifer R., Minerva A. Galang, Susan P. Sambol, David W. Hecht, Gayatri Vedantam, Dale N. Gerding, and Stuart Johnson. "Rifampin and Rifaximin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Clostridium difficile." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 8 (June 16, 2008): 2813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00342-08.

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ABSTRACT Rifaximin, a poorly absorbed rifamycin derivative, is a promising alternative for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. Resistance to this agent has been reported, but no commercial test for rifaximin resistance exists and the molecular basis of this resistance has not been previously studied in C. difficile. To evaluate whether the rifampin Etest would be a suitable substitute for rifaximin susceptibility testing in the clinical setting, we analyzed the in vitro rifaximin susceptibilities of 80 clinical isolates from our collection by agar dilution and compared these results to rifampin susceptibility results obtained by agar dilution and Etest. We found rifaximin susceptibility data to agree with rifampin susceptibility; the MICs of both antimicrobials for all isolates were either very low or very high. Fourteen rifaximin-resistant (MIC, ≥32 μg/ml) unique isolates from patients at diverse locations in three countries were identified. Molecular typing analysis showed that nine (64%) of these isolates belonged to the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 group that is responsible for multiple outbreaks and increased disease severity in the United Kingdom, Europe, and North America. The molecular basis of rifaximin and rifampin resistance in these isolates was investigated by sequence analysis of rpoB, which encodes the β subunit of RNA polymerase, the target of rifamycins. Resistance-associated rpoB sequence differences that resulted in specific amino acid substitutions in an otherwise conserved region of RpoB were found in all resistant isolates. Seven different RpoB amino acid substitutions were identified in the resistant isolates, which were divided into five distinct groups by restriction endonuclease analysis typing. These results suggest that the amino acid substitutions associated with rifamycin resistance were independently derived rather than disseminated from specific rifamycin-resistant clones. We propose that rifaximin resistance in C. difficile results from mutations in RpoB and that rifampin resistance predicts rifaximin resistance for this organism.

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Morris, C. Paul, Yehudit Bergman, Tsigedera Tekle, John A. Fissel, Pranita D. Tamma, and Patricia J. Simner. "Cefiderocol Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: a Comparison of Disk Diffusion to Broth Microdilution." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 59, no. 1 (September 16, 2020): e01649-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01649-20.

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ABSTRACTAntimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of cefiderocol poses challenges because of its unique mechanism of action (i.e., requiring an iron-depleted state) and due to differences in interpretative criteria established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Our objective was to compare cefiderocol disk diffusion methods (DD) to broth microdilution (BMD) for AST of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Cefiderocol AST was performed on consecutive carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE; 58 isolates) and non-glucose-fermenting GNB (50 isolates) by BMD (lyophilized panels; Sensititre; Thermo Fisher) and DD (30 μg; research-use-only [RUO] MASTDISCS and FDA-cleared HardyDisks). Results were interpreted using FDA (prior to 28 September 2020 update), EUCAST, and investigational CLSI breakpoints (BPs). Categorical agreement (CA), minor errors (mE), major errors (ME), and very major errors (VME) were calculated for DD methods. The susceptibilities of all isolates by BMD were 72% (FDA), 75% (EUCAST) and 90% (CLSI). For DD methods, EUCAST BPs demonstrated lower susceptibility at 65% and 66%, compared to 74% and 72% (FDA) and 87% and 89% (CLSI) by HardyDisks and MASTDISCS, respectively. CA ranged from 75% to 90%, with 8 to 25% mE, 0 to 19% ME, and 0 to 20% VME and varied based on disk, GNB, and BPs evaluated. Both DD methods performed poorly for Acinetobacter baumannii complex. There is considerable variability when cefiderocol ASTs are interpreted using CLSI, FDA, and EUCAST breakpoints. DD offers a convenient alternative approach to BMD methods for cefiderocol AST, with the exception of A. baumannii complex isolates.

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Thomas, Veronica L., Robert D. Jewell, and Jennifer Wiggins Johnson. "Hidden consumption behaviour: an alternative response to social group influence." European Journal of Marketing 49, no. 3/4 (April 13, 2015): 512–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2013-0336.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine how conflicting brand preferences between a social group and an individual may lead the individual to hide their consumption. Specifically, the authors examine the conditions under which hiding behaviour is most likely to occur and the impact of susceptibility to interpersonal influence on the decision to hide. Design/methodology/approach – Two experiments were conducted using a combination of student and adult samples. Analysis of variance and regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Findings – Findings suggest that individuals are most likely to hide their consumption behaviour when group sanctions for non-conformity are severe, but the likelihood of being caught is low. Further, individual differences in susceptibility to interpersonal influence are found to affect individuals’ decisions to hide their consumption behaviour. Research limitations/implications – By identifying hidden consumption behaviour as a possible response to preference conflict, this research contributes to the literature on social influence and extends our understanding of how consumers behave when influenced by social group pressure. Originality/value – The present work establishes hiding behaviour (a concept which has yet to be thoroughly explored in the literature) as an alternative yet viable response to preference conflict.

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40

Wu, S. Y., W. H. Li, K. C. Lee, T. H. Meen, and H. D. Yang. "Alternating current susceptibility studies of Tb ordering in Pb2Sr2TbCu3O8." Journal of Applied Physics 79, no. 8 (1996): 6571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361948.

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41

Mukherjee, S., A. Chakravarti, and R. Ranganathan. "Enhancement technique in the measurement of alternating current susceptibility." Review of Scientific Instruments 68, no. 7 (July 1997): 2834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148204.

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42

Hsieh, Bo-Young, Wei-Hsun Chao, Yi-Jing Xue, and Jyh-Mirn Lai. "A Ketoconazole Susceptibility Test for Malassezia pachydermatis Using Modified Leeming–Notman Agar." Journal of Fungi 4, no. 4 (November 16, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof4040126.

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The aim of this study was to establish a ketoconazole susceptibility test for Malassezia pachydermatis using modified Leeming–Notman agar (mLNA). The susceptibilities of 33 M. pachydermatis isolates obtained by modified CLSI M27-A3 method were compared with the results by disk diffusion method, which used different concentrations of ketoconazole on 6 mm diameter paper disks. Results showed that 93.9% (31/33) of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained from both methods were similar (consistent with two methods within 2 dilutions). M. pachydermatis BCRC 21676 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 were used to verify the results obtained from the disk diffusion and modified CLSI M27-A3 tests, and they were found to be consistent. Therefore, the current study concludes that this new novel test—using different concentrations of reagents on cartridge disks to detect MIC values against ketoconazole—can be a cost-effective, time-efficient, and less technically demanding alternative to existing methods.

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Gibson, Gail S., and Shelah Manley. "ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO URINALYSIS IN THE DETECTION OF DRUGS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 19, no. 3 (January 1, 1991): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1991.19.3.195.

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Detecting drugs in the workplace by means of urinalysis has been subject to a great deal of controversy as its acceptance by employees, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), state legislatures and unions varies considerably. A multitude of technical and practical reasons continue to support the belief that there is no viable substitute for urinalysis. Because of the susceptibility of urine testing alternatives methods of drug detection need to be explored. This paper examines physical alternatives as well as psychological tests that may be useful alternatives.

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Norton, Robert. "Burkholderia pseudomallei - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Alternative Models of Predicting Clinical Efficacy." Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152107780361661.

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Chen, Yuan-Tsung, and Z. G. Chang. "Low-frequency alternative-current magnetic susceptibility of amorphous and nanocrystalline Co60Fe20B20 films." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 324, no. 14 (July 2012): 2224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2012.02.042.

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Korczewski, Zbigniew, and Marcin Zacharewicz. "Alternative diagnostic method applied on marine diesel engines having limited monitoring susceptibility." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 34, no. 8 (December 8, 2011): 937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331211426170.

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Brinkmann, Ulrich, Elisabeth Brinkmann, Tapan K. Bera, Axel Wellmann, and Ira Pastan. "Tissue-Specific Alternative Splicing of the CSE1L/CAS (Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility) Gene." Genomics 58, no. 1 (May 1999): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1998.5700.

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48

Mallick, Rajib B., M. K. Nivedya, Ramkumar Veeraragavan, Soheil Nazarian, and Cesar Tirado. "An alternative approach to testing of moisture susceptibility of recycled pavement materials." Journal of Cleaner Production 224 (July 2019): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.262.

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49

Handley, David, and Barbara Goulart. "Alternative Strategies for Small Fruit Production: A Summary of a Northeast SARE Project." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 893B—893. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.893b.

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Fourteen cooperators representing four universities and the USDA/ARS developed a 5-year program of research and education for small fruit production in the northeastern United States. The objectives were to develop and test alternative production practices for strawberries and raspberries, to analyze the economic feasibility of sustainable production practices, to evaluate grower acceptance of sustainable technology, and to deliver the knowledge based on this research to the farming public. Specific research efforts determined strawberry and raspberry cultivar susceptibility to insects and disease and the influence of various cultural practices on crop susceptibility to disease, insects, and weed competition. Farmers indicated a willingness to adopt new sustainable technologies, even if profits might be reduced. However, they were not willing to commit more management time to such technology. Information delivery channels included a newsletter, more than 150 public presentations, and more than 100 publications.

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Horowitz, Harold W., T. C. Hsieh, Maria E. Aguero-Rosenfeld, Fatemeh Kalantarpour, Ishraq Chowdhury, Gary P. Wormser, and Joseph M. Wu. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofEhrlichia phagocytophila." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 786–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.3.786-788.2001.

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ABSTRACT Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is a recently described disease caused by an obligate intracellular gram-negative organism recently named Ehrlichia phagocytophila. To expand our knowledge of the susceptibility of E. phagocytophila, we tested six New York State isolates for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials using an HL-60 cell culture system. All of the isolates were susceptible to doxycycline (MIC, ≤0.125 μg/ml; minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC], 0.125 to 0.5 μg/ml), rifampin (MIC, ≤0.125 μg/ml; MBC, ≤0.125 μg/ml), ofloxacin (MIC, ≤2 μg/ml; MBC, ≤2 μg/ml), levofloxacin (MIC, ≤1 μg/ml; MBC, ≤1 μg/ml), and trovafloxacin (MIC, ≤0.032 μg/ml; MBC, ≤0.032 μg/ml). Isolates were uniformly resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and amikacin. For one strain, the MBC of chloramphenicol was ≤8 μg/ml. These data suggest that quinolone antibiotics and rifampin may be alternative agents for patients with intolerance to tetracyclines.

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