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1

Mcneal, Timothy P., and Henry C. Hollifield. "Determination of Volatile Chemicals Released from Microwave-Heat-Susceptor Food Packaging." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 6 (1993): 1268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.6.1268.

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Abstract Microwave heat susceptors that convert electromagnetic energy to heat attain high temperatures that make it possible to cook some foods to golden crispness in a microwave oven. Susceptors are typically packaged with foods intended for microwave use, e.g., waffles, pizzas, and french fries. The high temperatures >302°F used to cook some foods release trace levels of volatile chemicals from metalized polyester film, adhesive, and paper packaging materials; these volatile chemicals may be absorbed by the food. We simulated microwave susceptor cooking conditions and developed protocols by using headspace concentration capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify volatile chemicals released from heated susceptors. We purchased a limited, cross-sectional sample of local retail microwave food products packaged with susceptors and used our protocol to analyze 10 different susceptor products. Although more than 140 unique chromatographic peaks were tabulated, only 44 volatile chemicals were identified, including 1,1,1-trichloroethane, benzene, and 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, which were derived primarily from the paper and adhesive susceptor components. No one susceptor contained all the identified substances. The standard additions technique was the preferred method for quantitation. Trichloroethane and 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol were present in several products at 75-122 μg/in.2 of susceptor surface area. Benzene was found in 3 susceptors at ≤0.22 μg/in.2 levels. Examination indicates that adhesives used in more recent susceptor products were reformulated to remove even this trace level of benzene.
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2

Phey Yee Foong, Chun Hong Voon, Bee Ying Lim, et al. "A Comparative Study of Microwave Welding Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Silicon Carbide Nanowhiskers as Microwave Susceptors." International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials (IJNeaM) 17, no. 4 (2024): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/ijneam.v17i4.1280.

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Recently, microwave welding has arisen as an advanced joining method due to its versatility and rapid heating capabilities. Among others, microwave susceptors play a crucial role in microwave welding, as different classes of microwave susceptors have distinct microwave heating mechanisms. In this work, polypropylene (PP) was utilized as a thermoplastic substrate and two types of microwaves susceptors, namely multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silicon carbide nanowhiskers (SiC NWs), were studied for microwave welding. The susceptor was first dispersed in acetone to form susceptor suspension. Next, the susceptor suspension was deposited onto the targeted area on substrate and paired with another bare PP substrate. The paired sample was then exposed to 800 W microwave radiation in a microwave oven. Afterward, the welded joint was evaluated using a tensile test and scanning electron microscopy to determine its joint strength and cross-section microstructure. The results showed that the joint strength increased as the heating duration increased. The welded joint formed using MWCNTs achieved a maximum strength of 2.26 MPa when 10 s was used, while the SiC NWs-formed welded joint achieved a maximum strength of 2.25 MPa at 15 s. This difference in duration in forming a complete welded joint can be attributed to the higher microwave heating rates and thermal conductivity of MWCNTs. However, increasing the heating duration to 20 s caused severe deformation at the welded joint and resulted in low joint strength. Overall, this study highlights the significance of understanding the microwave heating mechanism of different susceptors and provides essential insight into the selection of a microwave susceptor for microwave welding.
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3

Moreno, Francisco, Itahisa Pérez-Conesa, Fátima Acosta, and José Aguilar. "DESCERE Y COCCIÓN POR MICROONDAS DE REVESTIMIENTOS REFRACTARIOS PARA JOYERÍA FUNDIDA EMPLEANDO MÁQUINA CENTRÍFUGA." Rev. LatinAm. Metal. Mat. 42, no. 1 (2022): 68–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7213672.

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En esta investigación se desarrolla una metodología concreta para descerar y cocer moldes de revestimiento refractario para la obtención de piezas de joyería fundida mediante la tecnología microondas. Estos procesos, en la técnica tradicional, requieren de curvas térmicas lentas y progresivas con una duración de 7 a 12 h utilizando muflas eléctricas. La hipótesis de esta propuesta se basa en que el 40 % de agua necesaria para la elaboración de las pastas refractarias es un aliado perfecto para un efectivo calentamiento dieléctrico por microondas y, por consiguiente, esta tecnología sería viable para la producción de joyería en metal. Para llevar a cabo el estudio fue necesario diseñar un método basado en rampas de tiempo/potencias apropiadas para que estos negativos pierdan paulatinamente el agua contenida, sin que la expansión térmica genere fisuras ni desmoronamientos del molde a causa de perfiles no uniformes de humedad. En la investigación se determina que el calentamiento con microondas es efectivo para estos compuestos, sin embargo, avanzada la deshidratación, se devalúa exponencialmente su capacidad de absorción de microondas, haciéndose imprescindible el uso de un susceptor que posibilite aumentar su temperatura. Para ello se fabricó una mufla dopada con SiC para someter las muestras a un calentamiento híbrido por microondas tras su descere, posibilitando diseñar curvas térmicas graduales hasta completar la cocción. La calidad del procesamiento térmico se evaluó sometiendo las muestras a esfuerzo mecánico empleando una máquina centrífuga para la inyección del metal fundido. Finalizado el estudio, se obtiene un 99 % de recolección de cera y una calidad de registro efectiva para modelos artísticos con una reducción del 66 % respecto al tiempo que se emplea en la técnica tradicional. Con los resultados de esta investigación se demuestra que la viabilidad de las microondas como una fuente de energía contribuye a simplificar y economizar la producción de joyería en metal.
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4

Wu, Xiao-feng, Shi-gang Hu, Hai-ou Li, Jin Li, Zai-fang Xi, and Ying-lu Hu. "A Kind of Coating Method of GaN-MOCVD Graphite Susceptor." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/137564.

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A novel coating method for the GaN-MOCVD graphite susceptor is proposed in the paper, which means that the upper surface and sides of the graphite susceptor are covered with a low emissivity material coating, and the surface under the susceptor is covered with a high emissivity SiC coating. By using finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics, the temperature field of the susceptors without coating, with common SiC coating, and with improved coating is obtained and compared, which shows that the susceptor with the improved coating not only increases the heating efficiency of the heater, but also improves the temperature uniformity of the substrate, which can be of great benefit to the film growth. In addition, this improved coating for the susceptor has the same heating sensitivity as the common SiC coating.
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5

HOUŠOVÁ, J., and K. HOKE. "Temperature profiles in dough products during microwave heating with susceptors." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 20, No. 4 (2011): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3526-cjfs.

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The effect of food products on temperatures reached in the microwave heating with and without susceptors was followed in experiments with certain types of food samples. A household microwave oven (650 W), susceptors from commercial packages for microwave popcorn, samples of two commercial pizza products and two types of dough were used in the experiments together with Luxtron temperature measurement system. The temperatures reached at the end of heating on the bottom surface of samples varied between 103 and 115°C at the heating without susceptor, and between 110 and 155°C at the heating with susceptor. Not only the susceptor but also the parameters of the heated samples (the moisture content, height/weight, the initial temperature) influenced the increase of the temperature on the bottom surface of the samples. The highest temperatures were found at the end of the heating of samples from dough with a lower content of moisture. The linear correlation between the temperature at the bottom of the sample and the logarithm of the time of heating (Zuckerman & Miltz 1995) was proved only with the heating of samples from one type of dough. The application of susceptor in the microwave heating alters not only the product temperature in the places of contact with susceptor but also – to a certain extent – in other places of the product. The change in the shape of the vertical temperature profile in the heated sample was found in the experiments with susceptor heating. For the optimal results of the heating with susceptor, the optimization of certain product parameters (namely the moisture content and the dimensions) have to be made  
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6

MOUNTFORT, KATRINA, JANET KELLY, SUE M. JICKELLS, and LAURENCE CASTLE. "A Critical Comparison of Four Test Methods for Determining Overall and Specific Migration from Microwave Susceptor Packaging." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 5 (1996): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.5.534.

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Four approaches for testing for overall migration and specific chemical migration from microwave susceptors were evaluated. The methods used olive oil as a conventional liquid food simulant, a semisolid simulant of olive oil and water absorbed onto diatomaceous earth, Tenax™ as a dry simulant, and compositional analysis of the susceptor by ASTM methods. The different methods were tested on five susceptor types used for the packaging of pizza, potato chips (French fries), pasty, popcorn, and a curry. For the comparison, the susceptor materials were impregnated with model substances as migration markers covering a range of molecular weight, volatility and polarity. Levels of specific migration (SM) and overall migration (OM) were determined using the four test methods, which were then evaluated on the basis of their ease and reproducibility of use along with the agreement between specific migration levels into simulants compared with migration into foods. There were severe problems with olive oil as a conventional liquid simulant as it was absorbed by the susceptor and made SM and OM measurements difficult. Humidity conditioning the susceptor for OM was a further difficulty with olive oil. Oil absorption was also a problem using the semisolid simulant, with OM being untried using this approach. The ASTM methods were found to be time-consuming, although the results for SM were similar to those obtained for foods. Overall, however, using Tenax was the preferred method for migration testing of susceptors. It allowed easy measurement of both OM and SM. SM values were generally much higher than for foods, however, and a reduction factor would be required for control of regulated ingredients. For other substances, such as thermal degradation products, a threshold of regulation approach applied to the Tenax extract would be a simple and effective control measure.
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7

Ngamkiatpaisan, Akawat, Montree Hankoy, Mettaya Kitiwan, Nittaya Keawprak, and Phacharaphon Tunthawiroon. "A STUDY ON SiC SUSCEPTOR CONFIGURATION FOR MICROWAVE HYBRID HEATING." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (2023): 030152(1–5). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-05-e03043.

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Microwave hybrid heating (MHH) is a novel method to enhance ceramic sintering at high temperatures. The heating mechanism by MHH involves two directions of heat transfer for materials: microwaves heat the sample from the inside out, while the susceptor provides conventional heating from the outside. This unique heating mechanism offers several advantages, including uniform heating, rapid sintering, and enhanced microstructure and properties of materials. This study investigates the configuration of silicon carbide (SiC) susceptors for microwave hybrid heating. The microwave oven (multi-mode, 2.45 GHz, 1.2 kW) was modified with a ceramic insulator housing to maintain the temperature in the chamber. The effects of different configurations of SiC susceptors and microwave powers on the heating rate and maximum temperature were investigated. SiC susceptor plates were placed in the microwave oven using 3 different configurations, and for each condition, the microwave power was varied at 40, 60, 80, and 100% (480, 720, 960, and 1,200 W). The temperature in the microwave chamber was recorded until it reached 900°C or after 30 min of heating. Using two plates of SiC susceptor at 100 % power resulted in the highest heating rate of 62°C/min to reach 925°C. The results of this study offer guidance for the selection of appropriate heating conditions for individual ceramic materials, which can lead to more effective sintering processes.
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8

Lian, K. L., Shuang Shii Lian, Y. H. Chen, S. C. Chu, and Sheng Tsao. "Modelling the Effects of Material Property and Dimension on the Heating of Silicon with Induction Directional Casting Furnace." Key Engineering Materials 479 (April 2011): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.479.132.

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Directional Casting of silicon is a cost effective process to grow multi-crystalline Si ingots for wafers of solar cells. An appropriate melting process of polycrystalline silicon is closely related to the material properties and the size of graphite susceptors. These parameters have great influence not only on the melting temperature of silicon melt but also on the efficiency of induction heating, impurity distribution, dendrite and the direction of crystalline grains, which ultimately affect the properties of the solar cells. Therefore, in order to obtain good quality and energy efficiency of growth of polycrystalline silicon, one needs to know how the temperature fields relate to the processing parameters such as different sizes and properties of graphite susceptors in the furnace. In this paper, the influences of different properties such as density, electrical conductivity, thickness of graphite susceptor and cooling base-plate on the temperature of silicon with induction heating have been studied. To have an optimized control of processing parameters, a finite element-based software was used to simulate the temperature distribution of silicon melt in a polycrystalline vacuum induction refining furnace. The simulation takes into account the interaction of the induced eddy current and the heat transfer coupling in the vacuum induction furnace. Some of the modelling results are summarized as follows: 1. The material properties of the graphite susceptor have great influence on the temperature distribution. 2. The higher the operating frequency of the current, the sooner it reaches the melting temperature. 3. Base-plate made of stainless steel 304 performs better than the copper base-plate for the control of temperature distribution. 4. There exists an optimal thickness of the graphite susceptor, and the rise of temperature is not linearly proportional to the thickness of the graphite susceptor.
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9

Gao, Chenbo, Pengfei Xu, Fei Ruan, and Chenyu Yang. "Realization of Phase and Microstructure Control in Fe/Fe2SiO4-FeAl2O4 Metal–Ceramic by Alternative Microwave Susceptors." Materials 15, no. 5 (2022): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051905.

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This study provides a novel method to prepare metal–ceramic composites from magnetically selected iron ore using microwave heating. By introducing three different microwave susceptors (activated carbon, SiC, and a mixture of activated carbon and SiC) during the microwave process, effective control of the ratio of metallic and ceramic phases was achieved easily. The effects of the three susceptors on the microstructure of the metal–ceramics and the related reaction mechanisms were also investigated in detail. The results show that the metal phase (Fe) and ceramic phase (Fe2SiO4, FeAl2O4) can be maintained, but the metal phase to ceramic phase changed significantly. In particular, the microstructures appeared as well-distributed nanosheet structures with diameters of ~400 nm and thicknesses of ~20 nm when SiC was used as the microwave susceptor.
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10

Jickells, Sue M., Mark R. Philo, John Gilbert, and Laurence Castle. "Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Determination of Benzene in Nonstick Cookware and Microwave Susceptors and Its Migration into Foods on Cooking." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 4 (1993): 760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.4.760.

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Abstract Benzene in poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) coatings of nonstick cookware was determined by heating a small amount of coating in a sealed vial. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze the vial headspace for benzene. A small survey (26 samples) of retail nonstick cookware detected benzene ranging from 2 to 50 μg/dm2 in 7 samples. Nonstick frying pans with various polymer coatings were obtained directly from 1 manufacturer. Benzene (6–30 μg/dm2) was detected in a number of these samples and was attributed to the use of a phenylmethyl silicone ingredient that contained benzene at 360 mg/kg. To determine the possible transfer of benzene from these coatings during normal use, several foods (puddings, cakes, and roast potatoes) were prepared in previously unused cookware. The foods were analyzed by using static headspace GC/MS. Benzene was not detected in any of these foods at a limit of detection of 2 μg/kg. In related studies, the determination of benzene release from microwave susceptors was performed by heating the materials in a sealed system at 190PC for 4 min. Benzene release above 1 μg/dm2 was not detected in 24 samples of susceptors. However, 1 specially supplied sample of nonmetallized susceptor released 10 μg/dm2 benzene when heated above normal anticipated temperatures of usage (to 220°C). Foods such as french fries and pizza when cooked according to the manufacturer’s instructions in susceptors contained no benzene with a limit of detection of 2 μg/kg. Even under abuse conditions of susceptors, the transfer of benzene to foods remained below this limit.
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11

Mattheß, Danilo, Dirk Landgrebe, and Welf-Guntram Drossel. "Inductive heating of glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastics using fibre- and wire-shaped stainless steel susceptors." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 1 (2016): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715583179.

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This article deals with an experimental and numerical study of the inductive heating of glass fibre (GF)-reinforced thermoplastics with susceptors made of stainless steel that are embedded in them. The objective of this article is to examine the links between individual process and system parameters and the heating behaviour of fibre-reinforced plastics. Two different susceptor designs were tested in relation to their heating capability. Furthermore, it was possible to experimentally study the dependency of the space between the specimens and inductors and therefore the impact of the generator output of the induction system and inductor attachments differing in their geometric shapes in terms of heating. Moreover, it was possible to use numerical simulation to examine the heating behaviour at different frequencies. These findings indicate that it is possible to heat GF-reinforced semi-finished products by fibre-shaped susceptors. Finally, it was possible to demonstrate that the heating process can be designed by means of the frequency of the induction system and directly controlled using the generator output.
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12

Fresneda-Cruz, Alejandro, Gonzalo Murillo-Ciordia, and Ignacio Julian. "Experimental Dielectric Properties and Temperature Measurement Analysis to Assess the Thermal Distribution of a Multimode Microwave-Assisted Susceptor Fixed-Bed Reactor." Processes 13, no. 3 (2025): 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030774.

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In this study, the integration of microwave-assisted technology into fixed-bed configuration processes is explored aiming to characterize and address its challenges with a customized multimodal microwave cavity. This research focuses on evaluating the uncertainty in contactless temperature measurement methods as spectral thermographic cameras and infrared pyrometers, microwave heating performance, and the thermal homogeneity within fixed beds containing microwave–susceptor materials, including the temperature-dependent dielectric characterization of such materials, having different geometry and size (from 120 to 5000 microns). The thermal inhomogeneities along different bed configurations were quantified, assessing the most appropriate fixed-bed arrangement and size limitation at the employed irradiation frequency (2.45 GHz) to tackle microwave-assisted gas–solid chemical conversions. An increased temperature heterogeneity along the axial profile was found for finer susceptor particles, while the higher microwave susceptibility of coarser grades led to increased temperature gradients, ΔT > 300 °C. Moreover, results evidenced that the temperature measurement on the fixed-bed quartz reactor surface by a punctual infrared pyrometer entails a major error regarding the real temperature on the microwave susceptor surface within the tubular quartz reactor (up to 230% deviation). The experimental findings pave the way to assess the characteristics that microwave susceptors and fixed beds must perform to minimize thermal inhomogeneities and optimize the microwave-assisted coupling with solid–gas-phase reactor design and process upscaling using such multimode cavities.
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13

Lee, Tae Woo, Im Gyu Yeo, Byoung Chul Shin, et al. "Epitaxial Growth of 3C-SiC on Si Substrates by Atmospheric Hot Wall CVD Using Hexamethyledisilane[(CH3)6Si2]." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.107.

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We adopted HMDS(Hexamethyledisilane) as a SiC(Silicon carbide) source material for epitaxial growth of 3C-SiC on Si substrate. Various growth profiles were investigated to optimize hetero-epitaxial growth of 3C-SiC layers. We also focused on the homogeneous film deposition of 3C-SiC on Si by employing two susceptor shapes, flat and tilted susceptors, to control a thickness of the boundary layer formed on the Si substrate. Fringe color patterns were observed on 3C-SiC layer on Si and hence it was easy to characterize the film uniformity by analyzing this color. 3C-SiC epitaxial layers were systematically analyzed by an optical microscope, a Raman spectroscopy, a SEM and an XRD.
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14

Teel, Hunter, Hector-Colon Mercado, Prabhu Ganesan, et al. "Multiscale Modeling of Radio Frequency Reactor Coupled Catalyst Heating for Ethylene Production." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 25 (2023): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01251663mtgabs.

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Ethylene is the petrochemical compound with the highest production worldwide. Whether reactors are heated by direct fired heating or indirect heating via steam, manufacturers rely on economies of scale to overcome inherent thermodynamic inefficiencies while burning fossil fuels. New approaches to supply energy to chemical reactor systems can reduce energy waste created by traditional techniques while enabling large scale facilities to use other sources of raw materials and energy. Electromagnetic (EM) induction heating is one potential solution for providing energy efficiently to reactor systems. By taking advantage of the nature of radio frequency (RF) waves, heterogeneous-catalyst can be precisely targeted for heating inside the reactors. Site-selective heating can significantly reduce the energy requirements of the process by providing heat at reaction sites and reducing unnecessary heat transfer elsewhere. Other advantages to an EM enhanced system include rapid volumetric heating, broader turn-down capacity, and reduced process footprint. The purpose of this work is to establish a multiscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that can be used to emulate the proposed process mechanics at the macroscale and microscale. At the macroscale, coil geometry (coil diameter, gap between coils, distance between coil and susceptors) is investigated to elucidate coil design and effects on heating rates. In the microscale, the oxidative (CO2) dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane is explored using different catalysts and possible catalyst/susceptor configurations with heat supplied by an EM susceptor. This multiscale method can also be applied to electrochemical systems.
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15

Phey Yee Foong, Chun Hong Voon, Bee Ying Lim, et al. "Microwave Welding of Thermoplastic using Silicon Carbide Nanowhiskers as Susceptor: Effect of Heating Duration." International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials (IJNeaM) 17, June (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/ijneam.v17ijune.819.

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Microwave welding is becoming more popular than conventional joining methods due to its advantages such as rapid and localised heating as well as applicable to components with complicated geometry. Previously reported susceptor, such as carbonaceous materials and conductive polymers, are toxic and the welding process involving these susceptors is time-consuming. Because of its exceptional microwave absorption and biocompatibility, silicon carbide nanowhiskers (SiCNWs) was employed as the microwave susceptor for microwave welding. Microwave welding in this study comprises of only three simple steps: SiCNWs suspension preparation, SiCNWs application and microwave heating. The weld strength of welded joint was then characterised using tensile test and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy equipped scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM) to study its mechanical properties and cross-section microstructure. The influence of microwave irradiation time was studied in this study, and it is found that the weld strength rose with the extension of microwave irradiation time, until a maximum weld strength of 1.61 MPa was achieved by 17 s welded joint. The development of SiCNWs reinforced PP nanocomposite welded joint layer is responsible for the enhanced weld strength. Prolonged heating duration may also result in flaws such as void formation at the welded joint, which subsequently lowered the weld strength to 0.60 MPa when the heating duration was extended to 20 s. In sum, a strengthen welded joint can be formed with rapid microwave heating under the proper control of heating duration.
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16

Seehase, Dirk, Christian Kohlen, Arne Neiser, Andrej Novikov, and Mathias Nowottnick. "Selective Soldering on Printed Circuit Boards with Endogenous Induction Heat at Appropriate Susceptors." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 62, no. 4 (2018): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.13277.

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In this work, methods for the endogenous heating of printed circuit boards (PCBs) by means of inductive losses in built-in susceptors are presented. Two basic types of inductive heating were studied, the heating in the transversal field and the heating in the longitudinal field. Elementary test stands were constructed and characterized for both field geometries. These setups were then used to analyze various susceptor materials like copper and aluminum for the transversal field heating and nickel and iron for the longitudinal field heating. To demonstrate the soldering processes by means of inductive heating, exemplary processes were conducted on both test stands by emulating a standard solder reflow profile. The limitations of using induction heating on printed circuit boards are illustrated by component lead frames, which also heat up in the inductive field and can hence be damaged.In short, this paper presents a selective heating method, based on induction heating, for printed circuit boards. Furthermore possible setups for implementing this heating method are described.
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17

Besson, Thierry, and C. Oliver Kappe. "ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Susceptors." ChemInform 44, no. 33 (2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201333227.

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18

Abdrabou, Moataz K., Xue Han, Yimin Zeng, and Ying Zheng. "Harnessing the Power of Microwave Irradiation: A Novel Approach to Bitumen Partial Upgrading." Molecules 28, no. 23 (2023): 7769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237769.

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The partial upgrading of “tar-like” Canadian bitumen is an essential process to reduce its viscosity to an acceptable range that meets the required pipeline specifications. An innovative and potentially greener solution has emerged in the form of microwave irradiation. This work proposes and demonstrates the use of an electrically powered commercial microwave along with carbon-based microwave susceptors (activated carbon, biochar, coke, and graphite) to promote localized thermal cracking within bitumen at a temperature as low as 150 °C, compared to the conventional method of 400 °C. The remarkable results show that just 0.1 wt% of carbon additives can reduce the viscosity of bitumen by 96% with just 10 min of microwaving at 200 °C. A Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes (SARA) analysis reveals that the mass fractions of light components (saturates) are almost doubled and that almost one-third of heavy polar hydrocarbon constituents are cracked and decomposed into much lighter molecules, resulting in higher-quality, less viscous bitumen. Furthermore, this study highlights the key role of the surface area and porosity of the carbon microwave susceptor in absorbing microwave radiation, offering exciting new avenues for optimization. Microwave-assisted partial upgrading of bitumen is a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to conventional upgrading, producing upgraded bitumen that requires significantly less diluent at a lower cost prior to pipeline transportation.
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19

Česnek, J., J. Dobiáš, J. Houšová, and J. Sedláček. "Properties of thin metallic films for microwave susceptors." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 21, No. 1 (2011): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3475-cjfs.

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Thin Al films of varying thickness, i.e. 3 to 30 nm, were deposited onto polyethylene-terephthalate film by evaporation in the vacuum of 3 × 10<sup>–3</sup> Pa. The dependence of DC (direct current) surface resistance on thickness was measured using a four-point method. The surface resistance exhibits the size effect in accordance with the Fuchs-Sondheimer theory. The microwave absorption properties of the prepared films of various metallization thickness were measured in a microwave field at the microwave power of 1.8 mW. The maximum microwave absorption at 2.45 GHz was found to occur in a layer of optical density of about 0.22.  
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20

Chiu, Wilson K. S., and Yogesh Jaluria. "Continuous chemical vapor deposition processing with a moving finite thickness susceptor." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 2 (2000): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0050.

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin films onto a moving surface is an important material processing technique for semiconductor fabrication, optical coatings, and many other applications. Continuous CVD processing offers an attractive solution to meet high volume requirements. In this study, the deposition on a finite thickness moving susceptor, considering surface reactions, is numerically investigated. When a susceptor is in motion, the reaction zone residence time and the coupling of conduction heat transfer in the susceptor with convection heat transfer in the gas flow significantly alter the deposition rate and film quality. A model is developed to quantify continuous CVD film production for several important design parameters. The numerical model is validated for the deposition of silicon through comparisons with analytical results and experimental data available in the literature. Films produced by continuous CVD are shown to be strongly dependent on susceptor speed, material selection, and susceptor thickness. Susceptor speed is directly linked to residence time in the reaction region, with lower residence times resulting in less time for reaction and heating, hence reducing growth rates. Increased thickness and susceptor thermal diffusivity alters the thermal energy distribution, thereby reducing the susceptor surface temperature and lowering the deposition rate. These effects may be overcome by increasing the length of the heating zone. Film quality is also influenced by the susceptor temperature, since reaction-controlled deposition typically produces different film structure than deposition under diffusion-controlled conditions. Overall, the results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of employing a moving finite thickness susceptor for CVD processing. A correlation of several operational parameters is also obtained for the film thickness. This may be used for the design and optimization of continuous CVD systems. The numerical model may also be used for considering deposition of other materials.
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21

Wang, Lixin, Ehsan Sadeghnezhad, and Peter Nick. "Upstream of gene expression: what is the role of microtubules in cold signalling?" Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 1 (2019): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz419.

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22

Lian, K. L., S. S. Lian, and S. Tsao. "Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Different Coatings on Graphite Susceptor for the Induction Process of Polycrystalline Silicon." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.948.

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The vacuum induction melting and control solidification is a new developed process for the manufacture of polycrystalline silicon with the advantage of quick heating rate compared to the traditional resistance heating method. The graphite susceptor of the induction furnace plays a key role in controlling the temperature of the melt of polycrystal silicon for solar cells. This paper investigates how different coatings painted on the susceptor would influence the heating efficiency and the temperature distribution of the silicon melt. A graphite susceptor is usually coated with a thin film of insulating material to reduce heat losses and to prevent vapors such as SiO to contaminate the susceptor. Numerical simulations show that the coating material at the outer surface of the susceptor should be the one with low thermal conductivity to prevent heat loss. On the other hand, the coating on the inner surface should be the material with high thermal conductivity to allow easy heat transfer.
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Yoo, Hoseon, and Yogesh Jaluria. "Thermal Aspects in the Continuous Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 5 (2002): 938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1482084.

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This paper deals with the continuous chemical vapor deposition of silicon in a horizontal cold wall reactor, paying special attention to a moving susceptor. A two-dimensional numerical model, which accounts for variable properties, thermal diffusion, radiative heat exchange among surfaces, and conjugate heat transfer between the gas and susceptor, is developed and validated. Scale analysis for the susceptor energy balance enables the identification of the characteristic parameters and the prediction of their qualitative effects before carrying out a detailed analysis. The results from the scale analysis are found to be consistent with the numerical predictions. The results show that the present continuous system is characterized by two newly defined parameters: conductance ratio and susceptor parameter. A pair of performance curves that relate the deposition efficiency to each parameter successfully provide the susceptor-related design conditions. It is also revealed that there exists an optimum length of heating zone that maximizes the deposition efficiency.
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BEGLEY, TIMOTHY H., and HENRY C. HOLLIFIELD. "Migration of Dibenzoate Plasticizers and Polyethylene Terephthalate Cyclic Oligomers from Microwave Susceptor Packaging into Food-Simulating Liquids and Food." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 12 (1990): 1062–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.12.1062.

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Migration of diethylene and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate and the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) cyclic oligomers from microwave susceptor packaging into oils (food-simulating liquids) and food (french fries) has been determined. The PET susceptor film did not provide a barrier to migration of adhesive components when oils or food were cooked in contact with the PET susceptor film. The dibenzoate plasticizers migrated to a greater extent into oils and food then did the PET oligomers.
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Habuka, Hitoshi, Yusuke Fukumoto, Kosuke Mizuno, Yuuki Ishida, and Toshiyuki Ohno. "Cleaning Process for Using Chlorine Trifluoride Gas Silicon Carbide Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor." Materials Science Forum 821-823 (June 2015): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.821-823.125.

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The silicon carbide CVD reactor cleaning process was studied by means of detaching silicon carbide particles, which was formed on the silicon carbide coated carbon susceptor surface during the silicon carbide film deposition. The contact points between the particles and the susceptor surface were etched using chlorine trifluoride gas at temperatures lower than 290 °C for 120 min. During this process, the carbon susceptor covered with the silicon carbide coating film suffered from little damage while achieving cleaning.
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Shrivastava, Amitesh, Paul B. Klein, E. R. Glaser, Joshua D. Caldwell, A. V. Bolotnikov, and Tangali S. Sudarshan. "Long Carrier Lifetime in 4H-SiC Epilayers Using Chlorinated Precursors." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.291.

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In this work we report the measurement of minority carrier lifetimes using the time resolved photoluminescence technique. It was found that 4H-SiC homo-epilayers grown using chlorine-based precursors have longer carrier lifetimes if used in conjunction with a tantalum carbide coated (TaC-coated) graphite susceptor rather than a SiC-coated graphite susceptor. Longer carrier lifetimes were obtained by optimal combinations of precursor gases and susceptor type. The controllable variation in lifetime from 250 ns to 9.9 s was demonstrated.
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Lutfi, Maisarah, Farazila Yusof, Tadashi Ariga, Ramesh Singh, and Mohd Hamdi Bin Abd Shukor. "Interfacial Reaction Analysis of Cu-Sn-Ni-P/Cu Joint Using Microwave Hybrid Heating." Key Engineering Materials 701 (July 2016): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.701.148.

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Microwave hybrid heating (MHH) technique was used to investigate the formation of intermetallic compound layer at Cu-7.0Ni-9.3Sn-6.3P/Cu interface. Two different susceptor materials; graphite and silicon carbide were used to provide initial heating of the filler alloy before it starts couple with the microwaves and melted on the Cu surface. The interface of IMC layer was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and microhardness. Metallurgical study showed the formation of the IMC layer with multiphase at the joint interface for microwave heating of both susceptor materials. The thickness of IMC layer heating in silicon carbide susceptor was three times thinner than heating in graphite susceptor; 16.5 μm and 50.5 μm, respectively. The findings showed that microwave hybrid heating can be used to join Cu-7.0Ni-9.3Sn-6.3P/Cu and controlled the thickness of IMC layer.
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Suriapparao, Dadi V., and R. Vinu. "Bio-oil production via catalytic microwave pyrolysis of model municipal solid waste component mixtures." RSC Advances 5, no. 71 (2015): 57619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra08666c.

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Microwave assisted co-pyrolysis of model MSW components such as cellulose, paraffin oil, garden waste and kitchen wastes reveals the potential to tailor the oil yields, their quality and energy recovery using different susceptors.
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Marinel, Sylvain, Charles Manière, Anthony Bilot, et al. "Microwave Sintering of Alumina at 915 MHz: Modeling, Process Control, and Microstructure Distribution." Materials 12, no. 16 (2019): 2544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162544.

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Microwave energy can be advantageously used for materials processing as it provides high heating rates and homogeneous temperature field distribution. These features are partly due to the large microwave penetration depth into dielectric materials which is, at room temperature, a few centimeters in most dielectric materials. However, up to now, this technology is not widely spread for high-temperature material processing applications (>1200 °C), because its reproducibly and ability to sinter large size samples (>30 cm3) still needs to be improved. In this context, this paper describes both an empirically designed 915 MHz single-mode cavity made from SiC susceptors and refractory thermal insulation, and the 3D modeling of the process in order to improve our understanding of it. Different susceptors geometries and coupling slit position were numerically tested in order to better understand how these parameters impact the field homogeneity and the process stability. It was found that positioning the largest surface of the susceptors parallel to the electrical field allows a very uniform and hybrid heating of the material, while avoiding plasma or thermal instabilities. This was correlated to the 3D modeling results. Finally, thanks to a fully-automatized system this apparatus was used to sinter large size (~30 cm3) low-loss dielectric alumina samples. The sintered materials were subsequently characterized in terms of density, grain size distribution, and homogeneity. The reproducibility was also discussed, demonstrating the process efficiency and reliability.
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Mizuno, Kosuke, Hitoshi Habuka, Yuuki Ishida, and Toshiyuki Ohno. "In Situ Cleaning Process of Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Reactor for Removing Film-Type Deposition Formed on Susceptor." Materials Science Forum 858 (May 2016): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.237.

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The in situ cleaning process of a silicon carbide epitaxial reactor was developed using chlorine trifluoride gas for removing the film-type silicon carbide deposition formed on a susceptor. By adjusting the etching temperature to less than 330 °C, the formed silicon carbide films could be removed without significant damage to the susceptor.
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Gao, Yungeng, Daniel A. Gulino, and Ryan Higgins. "Effects of Susceptor Geometry on Gan Growth on Si(111) with a New MOCVD Reactor." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 4, S1 (1999): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300002659.

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High quality GaN films on AlN buffer layers were grown on Si(111) with a new, commercial, two-injector vertical rotating disk MOCVD reactor (CVD, Inc.). It was found that the geometry of the susceptor greatly affected the structural quality of the epilayers on Si. For the original susceptor geometry, though single crystal GaN films could be obtained, the films were dark gray in appearance with a rough morphology, and the best x-ray rocking curve FWHM was 2.33°. After modifying the susceptor geometry, transparent, mirror-like single crystal GaN films were obtained with the best x-ray rocking curve FWHM being 0.24°. Photoluminescence (PL) and infrared reflectance (IR) spectra of the grown films were compared. The film growth rate was found to increase with decrease of the growth pressure. A 2-D simulation of the flow, heat transfer, and chemical species transport in the reactor showed a more symmetric flow, larger velocity gradient, and lower upward velocity with the modified susceptor, which may be the main reason for the improvement of the structural quality of the films.
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32

Vasconcelos, N. S. L. S., J. S. Vasconcelos, V. Bouquet, et al. "Sinterização de filmes finos de LiNbO3 em forno microondas: estudo da influência da direção do fluxo de calor." Cerâmica 50, no. 314 (2004): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132004000200009.

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Filmes finos de LiNbO3 foram preparados pelo método dos precursores poliméricos e depositados por "spin coating" sobre substratos de safira (0001). Os filmes foram tratados em forno microondas doméstico a 400 ºC por 15 e 20 min. Um material com alta perda dielétrica (susceptor de SiC) foi usado para absorver energia das microondas e transformá-la em calor. Este calor foi transferido para o filme a fim de promover a sua cristalização. O susceptor foi posicionado acima do filme ou embaixo do substrato. Desta forma, a influência da direção do fluxo de calor na cristalização das amostras foi verificada. Os filmes foram caracterizados por difração de raios X, microscopia de força atômica e espectrofotometria (transmitância) na região UV-visível e o índice de refração foi determinado por elipsometria. O crescimento epitaxial foi observado para o filme com susceptor posicionado embaixo do substrato. Verificou-se que os grãos apresentaram crescimento aleatório quando o susceptor foi posicionado acima do filme. Os filmes apresentaram-se relativamente densos, homogêneos e lisos, com boas propriedades ópticas.
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33

Vargas, Evan, Michelle L. Pantoya, Mohammed A. Saed, and Brandon L. Weeks. "Advanced susceptors for microwave heating of energetic materials." Materials & Design 90 (January 2016): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.10.110.

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34

Zuckerman, Hadasa, and Joseph Miltz. "Changes in thin-layer susceptors during microwave heating." Packaging Technology and Science 7, no. 1 (1994): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.2770070105.

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35

Kurashima, Keisuke, Masaya Hayashi, Hitoshi Habuka, Hideki Ito, Shin Ichi Mitani, and Yoshinao Takahashi. "SiC Epitaxial Reactor Cleaning by ClF3 Gas with the Help of Reaction Heat." Materials Science Forum 1004 (July 2020): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1004.186.

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A silicon carbide epitaxial reactor cleaning process was designed accounting for the exothermic reaction heat between silicon carbide and chlorine trifluoride gas. To avoid the peeling of the susceptor surface coating film, the spontaneous temperature increase due to the exothermic reaction heat was moderated by adding the nitrogen gas. The particle-type silicon carbide deposition could be effectively removed without causing any damage of susceptor.
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36

Blaauw, C., A. J. SpringThorpe, B. Emmerstorfer, and C. Miner. "A silicon susceptor for MOCVD." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 3, no. 2 (1985): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.573237.

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37

Shioda, Kohei, Hitoshi Habuka, Hideki Ito, Shinichi Mitani, and Yoshinao Takahashi. "Susceptor Coating Materials Applicable for SiC Reactor Cleaning." Materials Science Forum 897 (May 2017): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.897.99.

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In order to develop a cleaning process for the silicon carbide chemical vapor deposition reactor, the susceptor coating materials are developed for protecting the susceptor from the etching by chlorine trifluoride gas. The chlorine trifluoride gas does not give a serious damage to the pyrolitic carbon film at the temperatures lower than 480 °C, at which temperature the quick and practical reactor cleaning process is expected to be possible
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38

Baek, Inseok, and Seoksoon Lee. "A Study of Films Incorporating Magnetite Nanoparticles as Susceptors for Induction Welding of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic." Materials 13, no. 2 (2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020318.

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Induction welding is a fast, clean, noncontact process that often uses a metal-mesh susceptor to facilitate localized controlled heating; however, the metal mesh presents various problems. In this study, the induction heating behavior of a 450 μ m thick thin-film susceptor, fabricated by mixing magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles (NPs) and PA6/carbon fiber (CF) (30%) thermoplastic resin, was examined with respect to the weight ratio of Fe 3 O 4 (50, 67, 75, and 80 wt%). The useful induction heating behavior of the 75 wt% Fe 3 O 4 susceptor suggested its suitability for additional heat treatment experiments, carried out at 3.4 kW at a frequency of 100 kHz. This susceptor attained the same maximum temperature during 10 cycles of repeated induction heating and cooling. It was then used to weld two thermoplastic composites, with 60 s of induction heating followed by 120 s of simultaneous cooling and pressing. The resulting welded joints had lap shear strength values of 36.8, 34.0, and 36.4 MPa under tensile test loads of 884, 817, and 874 N, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed a uniform weld quality. Thus, the proposed manufacturing method, involving the incorporation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs into thermoplastic resin, should help expand the range of applications for thermoplastic composites.
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39

Vashisth, Aniruddh, Shegufta T. Upama, Muhammad Anas, Ju-Hyun Oh, Nutan Patil, and Micah J. Green. "Radio frequency heating and material processing using carbon susceptors." Nanoscale Advances 3, no. 18 (2021): 5255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1na00217a.

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40

Crane, Charles A., Michelle L. Pantoya, Mohammad A. Saed, and Brandon L. Weeks. "Utilizing Microwave Susceptors to Visualize Hot-Spots in Trinitrotoluene." Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 48, no. 1 (2014): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2014.11689867.

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41

ZUCKERMAN, HADASA, and JOSEPH MILTZI. "CHARACTERIZATION of THIN LAYER SUSCEPTORS FOR the MICROWAVE OVEN." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 16, no. 3 (1992): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1992.tb00201.x.

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42

Hackert, Alexander, Jonas H. M. Stiller, Johannes Winhard, Václav Kotlan, and Daisy Nestler. "Inductive Heating of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) for High-Temperature Applications." Materials 17, no. 10 (2024): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102175.

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The inductive heating of a CMC susceptor for industrial applications can generate very high process temperatures. Thus, the behavior of a silicon carbide-based matrix with carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon (C/C-SiC) as a susceptor is investigated. Specifically, the influence of fiber length and the distribution of carbon fibers in the composite were investigated to find out the best parameters for the most efficient heating. For a multi-factorial set of requirements with a combination of filling levels and fiber lengths, a theoretical correlation of the material structure can be used as part of a digital model. Multi-physical simulation was performed to study the behavior of an alternating magnetic field generated by an inducing coil. The simulation results were verified by practical tests. It is shown that the inductive heating of a C/C-SiC susceptor can reach very high temperatures in a particularly fast and efficient way without oxidizing if it is ensured that a silicon carbide-based matrix completely encloses the fibers.
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43

Shi, Mingxuan, Qing Xu, Yanhua Li, Lisheng Deng, and Xiaoyong Dai. "Magneto-Thermal Coupling Simulation of Flowing Liquid Induction Heating through Static Mixer-Type Susceptors." Processes 11, no. 2 (2023): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020533.

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As a new non-contact heating technology, induction heating technology has very broad application prospects in the field of fluid food heating. However, its application is inevitably affected by the heat concentration caused by uneven energy distribution. The uneven temperature distribution of the heating process will lead to the decrease in the quality of heating products. Therefore, based on the previous research, in order to improve the uniformity of heat distribution in the heating process, this study selected the susceptor with the greatest potential for efficient and the most uniform heating fluid to carry out the coupling simulation of electromagnetic heat transfer. The susceptor was simulated and optimized in three aspects: different power comparisons, the influence of structural change on temperature distribution uniformity, and the influence of physical property change of metal material on temperature distribution uniformity. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the error between the experimental and simulation values of the outlet temperature at Kelvin temperature is less than 0.18%. The change of geometric structure had a great influence on the uniformity of temperature distribution, and the uniformity of temperature distribution was inversely proportional to the conductivity. During the simulation, the temperature of the fluid heated by the susceptor was increased from 284.75 K to about 333K. The temperature distribution of the fluid at the outlet of the susceptor was uniform, and the temperature difference was about 1 K.
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Chen, Yan-Ren, Hsien-Wen Chao, Hung-Chun Hsu, et al. "A Two-Step Microwave Annealing Process for PAN Pre-Oxidation through a TM-Mode Cavity." Polymers 13, no. 9 (2021): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091476.

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A novel microwave annealing system and a specific processing condition are proposed for the pre-oxidation of carbon fiber. The microwave annealing system consists of a TM-mode resonant cavity and a silicon carbide (SiC) susceptor. The TM-mode cavity enhances the electric field at the center. The SiC susceptor absorbs part of the microwave energy and converts it to heat. The enhanced fields and the SiC susceptor provide both nonthermal and thermal treatments for fibrous materials with various dielectric properties. Furthermore, a two-step microwave annealing process is used to oxidize polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results support the theory that the microwave annealing can achieve a high aromatic index of 66.39% in just 13 min, 9 times faster than the traditional processing time. The results of the Raman spectra also illustrate that the sheath-core factor of the microwave-heated specimen is closer to one than that of the conventional furnace-heated type, which agree with the images of the cross-section area.
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45

Shioda, Kohei, Keisuke Kurashima, Hitoshi Habuka, Hideki Ito, Shinichi Mitani, and Yoshinao Takahashi. "Quick and Practical Cleaning Process for Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Reactor." Materials Science Forum 924 (June 2018): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.96.

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In order to develop a quick and practical cleaning process for the silicon carbide chemical vapor deposition reactor, the pyrolytic carbon-coated susceptor was used. The 30-μm-thick silicon carbide film was formed on the susceptor; the film was cleaning by chlorine trifluoride gas at 460 °C for 15 min. The remained fluorine was removed by the annealing at 900 °C in ambient hydrogen. The pyrolytic carbon surface did not suffer from any damage, because the pyrolytic carbon film surface morphology after the cleaning process was the same as that before the silicon carbide film deposition.
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46

Yahaya, Bashir, Sudin Izman, Mohamed Konneh, and Norizah Redzuan. "Microwave Hybrid Heating of Materials Using Susceptors - A Brief Review." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.426.

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This article discusses the fundamentals and benefits of microwave hybrid heating. High dielectric loss materials can be processed using direct microwave heating, whereas low dielectric loss materials can only be process using microwave through microwave hybrid heating. It was shown that it is possible to virtually process any type of materials via microwave hybrid heating. Microwave hybrid heating offers faster heating rate than direct microwave heating. It reduces the problem of thermal runaway experience in direct microwave heating of high dielectric loss materials. The two basic types of microwave hybrid heating techniques were discussed with emphasis on the use of susceptor. Microwave hybrid heating using susceptor offers the advantage of using single energy source.
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47

Jang, Youn Jeong, Ji-Wook Jang, Sun Hee Choi, et al. "Tree branch-shaped cupric oxide for highly effective photoelectrochemical water reduction." Nanoscale 7, no. 17 (2015): 7624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr00208g.

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48

Chiu, W. K. S., and Y. Jaluria. "Effect of Buoyancy, Susceptor Motion, and Conjugate Transport in Chemical Vapor Deposition Systems." Journal of Heat Transfer 121, no. 3 (1999): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826049.

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The fluid flow and heat transfer in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) manufacturing process are studied numerically. Several crucial aspects such as thermal buoyancy, continuous processing, and conjugate transport are considered. For each aspect, the predicted heat transfer rate and the susceptor temperature are computed and qualitatively linked with the rate and uniformity of film deposition. It is shown that buoyancy effects in helium carrier gas commonly used in diffusion-limited CVD has a negligible effect on deposition rates. Susceptor motion is shown as a feasible alternative to improving the productivity. Conjugate heat transfer effects that arise demonstrate that reactor wall thickness and material may be judiciously chosen to improve temperature uniformity and enhance heat transfer rates, thereby improving deposition rate, film uniformity, and quality.
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49

Ren, Jurong, Xinru La, Jia Wang, and Jianchun Jiang. "Beyond microwave susceptors: Exploring 5525 MHz frequency for efficient biomass pyrolysis." Fuel 372 (September 2024): 132220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.132220.

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50

Risch, S. "Safety assessment of microwave susceptors and other high temperature packaging materials." Food Additives & Contaminants 10, no. 6 (1993): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039309374192.

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