Academic literature on the topic 'Suspension clamps'
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Journal articles on the topic "Suspension clamps"
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Liu, Zhen, Sheng Chun Liu, and Na Sun. "Research on Long-Span Suspension Clamp." Advanced Materials Research 803 (September 2013): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.454.
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The long-span suspension clamp is used to suspend conductor or ground wire on the long-span tangent tower [. Long-span suspension has impact on the operation safety and investment of long-span projects. This paper makes analysis and comparison of different models of suspension clamps and studies the long-span suspension clamp for transmission line over Han River in terms of model and material selection, design & calculation, manufacturing process and test, etc., in combination with features for crossing over Han River.
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Liu, Weike, Mengbao Zhou, Jiarui Hu, Songqi Wu, Xianhui Cao, Jie Xiong, Lian Hu, et al. "Analysis on three typical abnormal microstructures of overhead power line suspension clamps." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 06029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016506029.
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This article lists three typical abnormal microstructures of overhead power line suspension clamps, including inclusion, flake graphite and cementite network. A series of tests including macro check, hardness measurement, composition tests, Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis and metallographic observation have been carried out. The experimental results showed that the causes of abnormal microstructures mainly include: high content of impurities, flake graphite blank and unfulfilled annealing heat treatment. It is suggested to strengthen the supervision on suspension clamps before using, and focus on the quality inspection of metallographic structure and composition.
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Wang, Zhigang, Wenjian Mei, Qi Yang, Mingming Qiao, Jianping Chen, and Peng Li. "Research on maintenance tools of wire clamps for live working on Ultra High Voltage transmission lines." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126101063.
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Aiming at the problem that the suspension clamp is difficult to be quickly replaced due to the heavy load of the suspension clamp when replacing the transmission line wire suspension clamp in the UHV live operation, this paper develops an auxiliary device for realizing the rapid replacement of the conductor suspension clamp. Through the design of fixtures suitable for the installation of UHV wires and connecting plates, the load transfer of the suspension clamp can be quickly realized, and the suspension clamp can be separated and replaced under the condition of no force. The device is flexible and light, and effectively improves the live working personnel work efficiency.
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Cardou, A., L. Cloutier, J. Lanteigne, and P. M'Boup. "Fatigue strength characterization of ACSR electrical conductors at suspension clamps." Electric Power Systems Research 19, no. 1 (July 1990): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(90)90008-q.
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Li, Hongfeng, Yancheng Liu, Chunwei Li, Hao Hu, and Quansheng Sun. "Force Analysis of Self-Anchored Suspension Bridges after Cable Clamp Slippage." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081514.
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The slippage of cable clamps during the long-term operation of suspension bridges is a common and detrimental phenomenon. From an experimental point of view, the cable clamp slippage of a suspension bridge was investigated to reveal the effect of this sliding on the force acting on the full bridge. The forces acting on the bridge before and after the slippage were analyzed using a finite element model. The calculation results showed that the cable clamp slippage directly affects the cable forces of the hangers. The hanger cable force decreased by 19.2% when the slippage reached 10.2 cm, while the maximum increase in the cable force of adjacent hangers was 147.7 kN, an increase of 7.25%. The variation of forces in the hanger cable disrupted the force balance of the main girder, thereby producing a torque effect at the corresponding position in the girder, i.e., increased torque. Meanwhile, the slippage affected the axial tension in the main cable and the main girder. The impact of the tower internal force was less than 1%. Hence, the study concluded that the effect of cable clamp slippage is better understood, ensuring the safety of the suspension bridge.
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Liu, Zhongxiang, Tong Guo, Lingyu Huang, and Zhihong Pan. "Fatigue Life Evaluation on Short Suspenders of Long-Span Suspension Bridge with Central Clamps." Journal of Bridge Engineering 22, no. 10 (October 2017): 04017074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001097.
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Zhang, Wen-ming, Lu-yao Shi, Lin Li, and Zhao Liu. "Methods to correct unstrained hanger lengths and cable clamps' installation positions in suspension bridges." Engineering Structures 171 (September 2018): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.039.
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Li, Chuanxi, You Li, and Jun He. "Experimental study on torsional behavior of spatial main cable for a self-anchored suspension bridge." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 14 (July 3, 2019): 3086–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219857840.
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In order to understand the torsional behavior of the spatial main cable between two saddles for a self-anchored suspension bridge during the transition process from construction state to completed state, a scaled model (1:15) was prepared and tested. First, the cable anchorage system and cable measurement device were designed. Then, a series of model tests under the conditions of different preloading angles and different tensioning forces for hangers were carried out. Finally, the regularity of the torsional properties was revealed on the basis of the measured twist angle of the main cable. The experimental study shows that the transverse pre-deflected angle of the cable clamp has a decisive influence on the torsional angle of the main cable sections near the cable clamp, but for the main cable sections far from the pre-deflected cable clamp, this influence can almost be negligible. The torsional angle changes linearly within adjacent cable clamps. When inclined angle of the hanger is larger than the pre-deflected angle of the cable clamp, the cable clamp will cause the main cable section to twist in the positive direction, otherwise, the result is reverse. With the increase in the hanger force, the direction of hanger force passes through the cross-sectional center of the main cable, resulting in an unchanged twisting angle. In addition, a three-dimensional finite element model of the test specimen was established and used to analyze the influence of pre-deflected angle of a cable clamp on the torsion angle of the main cable, the same results can be found in finite element analyses in comparison with the test results. Therefore, a reasonable pre-deflected angle of cable clamp can be determined by the finite element model in the primary design state before the construction stage.
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Zhao, Guoliang, and Xiaoming Rui. "A preliminary analysis on mechanical characteristics of transmission conductors in the vicinity of suspension clamps." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 631 (January 7, 2021): 012095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/631/1/012095.
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Khasanov, Shamil Rashidovich, Elena Ivanovna Gracheva, Muhayo Islomovna Toshkhodzhaeva, Shakhboz Tolibjonovich Dadabaev, and Dilafruz Saidulloevna Mirkhalikova. "Reliability modeling of high-voltage power lines in a sharply continental climate." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801051.
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One of the important elements of the high-voltage transmission line is 110 kV, the damage of which leads to under-supply of electricity, i.e. reducing the reliability of the lines. Damage to the reinforcement from the applied load occurs due to material fatigue. The main causes of damage to the reinforcement are ambient temperatures and wind forces on this element. Periodic kinks of the wire are observed at the places of installation of the connecting and supporting clamps, vibration dampers, and cyclic lateral forces arise. The simultaneous impact of the above efforts leads to fatigue damage to the suspension systems. From the cyclic load, the nodes of rigid structures are destroyed, which bear the maximum load.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Suspension clamps"
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Lalonde, Sébastien. "Stratégie de modélisation 3D des solides toronnés appliquée à l'étude de la fatigue des conducteurs de lignes de transport d'énergie électrique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10497.
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Le vieillissement des lignes de transport d’énergie électrique est une problématique majeure des réseaux. D’ailleurs, des problèmes se posent au plan de l’évaluation de l’état des conducteurs qui, soumis aux vibrations éoliennes, sont vulnérables à l’endommagement en fatigue. Surtout présent aux pinces de suspension, ce phénomène est encore difficile à quantifier, notamment quant à la prédiction de la durée de vie résiduelle des conducteurs.
D’autre part, avec le besoin croissant d’optimiser l’exploitation du réseau tout en maintenant sa fiabilité, une estimation précise de l’état d’endommagement des conducteurs est primordiale. Pour cela, une caractérisation des sollicitations à l’échelle des brins est d’abord requise. L’objectif principal de cette thèse vise donc le développement d’une stratégie de modélisation et d’analyse des conducteurs sollicités en vibrations éoliennes permettant une évaluation précise des conditions de chargement locales à l’échelle des brins, tout en tenant compte de l’effet de la géométrie des pinces de suspension.
Une stratégie de modélisation 3D des solides toronnés est d’abord développée avec la méthode des éléments finis selon une discrétisation individuelle des brins par éléments poutres, capable de traiter toutes les interactions inter-filaires en frottement. Cette modélisation traduit efficacement la cinématique des torons tout en donnant accès aux charges locales. Son caractère général lui permet aussi d’être appliquée à tout problème impliquant des torons.
Appliquée à l’étude des conducteurs sous l’effet des vibrations éoliennes, la stratégie conduit à une description précise de leur comportement tant au plan global en flexion que de la description des contraintes aux brins. Des estimations réalistes de durées de vie en fatigue des conducteurs sont même possibles par l’application de critères d’endommagement aux contraintes.
Ensuite, les pinces de suspension sont intégrées à la stratégie de modélisation selon une représentation surfacique traitant le contact pince/conducteur. Une comparaison à des mesures expérimentales met en relief la précision de l’approche. L’analyse de la solution numérique permet l’identification des zones critiques d’endommagement en contact à chacune des couches du conducteur et révèle des informations nouvelles quant à la nature de la sollicitation des brins à la pince de suspension.
Finalement, des travaux exploratoires proposent un nouveau concept d’analyse multi-échelles en combinant la modélisation numérique d’un système pince/conducteur à des essais de fatigue sur brins individuels. Une mise en œuvre préliminaire de l’approche permet de valider le concept et en jette les bases en vue de son application future.
En somme, la stratégie de modélisation développée dans cette thèse constitue un puissant outil d’analyse qui ouvre maintenant la voie à une caractérisation appropriée de la fatigue des conducteurs en vue ultimement de prédire leur durée et vie résiduelle.Abstract : The aging of overhead transmission lines is a major concern for utilities. In particular, problems arise in assessing the integrity of conductors whose exposure to Aeolian vibrations renders them vulnerable to fatigue damage. Occurring mainly at the suspension clamps, conductor fatigue is still difficult to quantify, especially regarding the prediction of their residual life. With the increasing need to optimize the power grid while maintaining its reliability, accurate evaluations of the conductor damage state become crucial. To this matter, a characterization of the stress levels at the wire scale is first required. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to develop a strategy for the modeling and analysis of conductors subjected to wind induced vibrations, allowing an accurate description of the local load conditions, while accounting for the effects of the suspension clamps. A finite element wire strand modeling strategy is first developed based on a 3D beam element discretization, considering all frictional wire interactions. The modeling approach efficiently reproduces the wire strand kinematics while giving access to the local loads. Its general formulation also allows it to be applied to any problem involving strands. Applied to the study of conductors subjected to Aeolian vibrations, the strategy leads to an accurate description of their behavior at both the global strand deformations and the wire stress description. Realistic conductor residual life estimates are even possible with the use of common damage criteria. The suspension clamps are then incorporated into the modeling strategy using a surface representation of the conductor/clamp contact. Comparisons with experimental measurements highlight the precision of the approach. The model response analysis allows now the identification of the critical damage zones within each conductor layers and reveals new information about the nature of the wire stresses at the suspension clamp. Finally, exploratory works propose a new concept of multi-scale analysis combining the numerical conductor/clamp modeling strategy to experimental fatigue tests on individual wires. A preliminary implementation of the approach validates the concept and lays the foundations for its future application. In summary, the modeling strategy developed in this thesis constitutes a powerful analytical tool which now opens the way to an appropriate characterization of conductor fatigue with the ultimate objective to eventually predict their residual life.
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Chernoburova, Olga. "Étude des interactions entre les particules fines dans les suspensions concentrées pour améliorer la valorisation de minerais complexes durable." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0272.
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Les suspensions minérales de particules fines sont connues pour leur comportement non-Newtonien pendant l'écoulement. Les interactions particule-particule dans de tels systèmes (c’est-à-dire, suspensions minérales) ne sont pas limitées au contact physique, e.g. collision et frottement. La capacité des minéraux de développer une charge dans l'environnement aqueux justifie des comportements différents des systèmes similaires de première vue. C’est à dire qu’étant caractérisées avec la même fraction volumétrique, composition chimique et granulométrie des solides et densité de dispersant, deux suspensions peuvent montrer un comportement rhéologique différent en raison de la chimie de la solution. Dans ce cas, la composition ionique du dispersant définira la charge des particules, et donc le degré d'agglomération/dispersion dans la suspension. Les argiles phyllosilicates sont connues pour être particulièrement problématiques dans les processus de valorisation des minéraux. L’origine de ces minéraux phyllosilicates implique leur inhomogénéité chimique spatiale, ce qui signifie que le bord et la face de la particule montrent des propriétés chimiques et physiques différentes. La présence de tels minéraux dans les dispositifs d'agitation (réservoirs d'agitation, cellules de flottation) est souvent caractérisée par la coexistence de volumes de suspension stagnants et agités, ce qui a un impact négatif sur l'efficacité de l'agitation. Dans ce travail, les suspensions aqueuses diluées de Na-bentonite ont été examinées par vélocimétrie par imagerie par résonance magnétique afin d'étudier l'influence du pH et du type d'électrolyte monovalent sur leur comportement rhéologique local. Les résultats ont montré que les suspensions contenant 0,1% de solide en volume peuvent présenter une bande de cisaillement, une localisation de cisaillement ou aucun phénomène local en fonction de la chimie du milieu de suspension. Il a été suggéré que l’existence d’une «master curve» (ou courbe d’écoulement globale) pour les suspensions diluées dépendait de l’organisation des particules de bentonite dans la suspension, cette organisation est influencée par la chimie de solution et l’historique des contraintes précédentes. Dans l'étape suivante, une seconde et troisieme phases minérales (hématite et quartz) ont été ajoutées dans la matrice de bentonite. L’intérêt dans tels systèmes est lié au comportement sous écoulement des matrices formées avec des types de contacts différents entre particules. Les types de contacts établis dans les suspensions avec une chimie différente du milieu ont été discutés, ainsi que leurs propriétés d’écoulementFine particle mineral slurries are known to exhibit non-Newtonian behavior under the load. The particle-particle interactions in such suspensions go beyond physical contact due to the collision and friction. An ability of minerals to gain the charge in the aqueous environment justifies different behaviors of the similar systems. Being characterized with the same volumetric fraction, chemistry and particle size distribution of solids, and specific gravity of dispersing media, two suspensions can possess different rheological behavior due to the chemistry of the solution. In this case, the ionic composition of the media defines particle charging, and thus the degree of agglomeration/dispersion in the suspension. Phyllosilicate clays are known to be particularly problematic in the mineral beneficiation processes. Their nature leads spatial chemical inhomogeneity, meaning that the particle edge and face possess different chemical and physical properties. The presence of such minerals in the stirring devices (stirring tanks, flotation cells) is often characterized with coexistence of stagnant and agitated volumes of slurry, which negatively impacts the efficiency of stirring. In this work, the dilute aqueous Na-bentonite suspensions were examined via magnetic resonance imaging velocimetry to investigate the influence of pH and type of monovalent electrolyte on their local rheological behavior. The results indicated that suspensions with 0.1 vol.% solid can exhibit shear banding, shear localization or no local phenomenon as a function of chemistry of the suspending media. It was suggested that the existence of master curve (or global flow curve) for dilute suspensions was dependent on the bentonite particle organization in the suspension, which was influenced by the chemistry of the environment and the previous flow history. In the next step, second mineral phase (hematite or quartz) was added to the bentonite matrix. The interest in examination of such systems is related to the flow behavior of matrix formed with different kinds of inter-particle contacts. For example, at pH 4 the resulting electrostatic interaction between positively charged bentonite edge and negatively charged quartz is attractive, whereas at the same pH it is repulsive with the positively charged hematite. These electrostatic interactions result in different organization of matrix particles around another mineral phase. In the system with solely repulsive interactions between all sites of all mineral phases (e.g., quartz and bentonite, pH 10) the deviation from Newtonian behavior is justified by the shear-induced particle rearrangements, collision and friction. The difference in the arrangement of bentonite particle aggregates around the hematite or quartz particles was observed using SEM. As a next step the third mineral phase was added. The types of contacts established in the suspensions with different chemistry of the media were discussed along with their flow propperties
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Batista, Tatiana. "\"Estudo das interações entre o corante catiônico azul de metileno e partículas de argila em suspensão aquosa. Processos de migração entre partículas.\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75131/tde-16042007-100705/.
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Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo das interações entre o corante catiônico azul de metileno com partículas de argilas em suspensão aquosa, visando detectar processos de migração de moléculas de corante entre partículas de argila. Até o momento as interações entre moléculas de corante e partículas de argila vem sendo descritas tendo-se em conta dois processos, um deles devido a adsorção de moléculas de corante nas superfícies externas e migração do corante para a região interlamelar, e outro devido as interações partícula-partícula, onde as interações entre as partículas de argila levam a formação de aglomerados de partículas, com o corante aprisionado nas regiões internas formadas. Há fortes indícios da ocorrência da migração de moléculas de corante entre partículas de argila, porém não houve detecção direta deste processo. No presente trabalho, foi idealizada uma metodologia que permitiu detectar variações espectrais, as quais podem ser atribuídas ao processo de migração de corante entre partículas de argila. A metodologia empregada consistiu na adição de suspensão de argila à suspensão argila-corante. Foram realizadas medidas espectrofotométricas na região do visível, em função do tempo, a partir do instante em que as suspensões são misturadas. Os espectros determinados para as amostras foram comparadas com os espectros determinados para a amostra de referência, a qual foi preparada pela adição de água a suspensão corante argila. Os resultados mostraram que as amostras e a referência apresentam comportamento espectral distinto, este comportamento pode ser atribuídos a migração de moléculas de corante entre partículas de argila. De forma geral, verificou-se que a migração do corante entre partículas ocorre preferencialmente para as partículas da argila SWy-1, pois esta argila apresenta a região interlamelar disponível para a adsorção das moléculas de AM, onde ocorre a protonação da molécula do corante, tornado-a mais estável. Os experimentos utilizando membrana de diálise mostraram que quando as suspensões estão isoladas pela membrana a migração das moléculas de corante entre partículas de argila não ocorre, é necessário uma interação ou contato entre as partículas para que a migração ocorra.In the present work, studies on the interaction between the cationic dye methylene blue and clay particles in aqueous suspension are presented, aiming to detect migration processes of dyes molecules between clay particles. Up to now, the interaction between dye molecules and clay particles is described considering mainly two processes, one due to the adsorption of the dye molecules onto the outer surfaces of the clay particles, and subsequent migration toward the inner surfaces of the clay tactoids. The other process involves particle-particle interaction; the interaction between clay particles promotes particle agglomeration, with dye molecules being trapped in the internal sites formed between particles. There are strong evidences that dye molecules can exchange between dye coated particles, and in the present study a methodology was idealized to detect spectral changes, which could be attributed to migration of dye molecules between clay particles. According to the methodology used, clay particles were added to a dye-clay suspension and spectrophotometric measurements in the visible region was taken after different time intervals. The results were compared with reference spectra, determined for samples prepared adding water to the clay-dye suspension. The results showed that the spectral behavior of the samples and the reference were different, and this behavior can be attributed to the migration of adsorbed dye molecules between clay particles. It was observed that migration occurs preferentially in a direction towards the SWy-1 clay particles. The clay SWy-1 has interlamellar surfaces available to the dye adsorption. In the interlamellar region there are acids sites, where the dyes molecules are protonated. The protonation of dye molecules stabilize the adsorbed molecules. The experiments using dialysis membrane showed that when the particles are isolated by a membrane, the migration between clay particles do not occur, indicating that a close contact or interaction between the clay particles is necessary to the migration occur.
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Blachier, Christian. "Analyse des interactions entre diverses argiles et des polymères spécifiques, en milieu cimentaire, en présence de superplastifiant." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL034N.
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La présence d’argile dans les granulats (sables et graviers), influencent considérablement les propriétés rhéologiques des bétons. Considérant les évolutions techniques apportées au béton ces dernières années, la compréhension des mécanismes de nocivité des argiles est donc d’un intérêt majeur sur le plan industriel. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons scindé la problématique en deux parties, la première s’attardant plus spécifiquement sur les mécanismes d’adsorption aux surfaces des argiles. Une analyse fines des interactions polymere-argile par IR, SAXS-WAXS et mesure d’adsorption a alors permis de valider l’adsorption des superplastifiants par les argiles et le rôle bénéfique de l’utilisation de molécule cationique (F25) pour empêcher leur fixation. La détermination d’un processus d’adsorption par échange cationique de ces molécules explique d’une part leur effet inertant et d’autre part la restructuration des particules d’argile à l’échélle du micron comme du nanométre. Dans un deuxième temps, une étude rhéologique des systèmes granulaires a permis de caractériser l’effet intrinséque de argiles sur les propriétés d’écoulement de ces systèmes. L’étude des suspensions d’argile a démontré le rôle de la rétention d’eau par les argiles. L’anisotropie des particules, caractérisée au moyen de différentes techniques (MET, SAXS-WAXS), permet d’expliquer cette rétention d’eauClay minerals which can be found in granular materials strongly influence the rheological properties of fresh concrete. Due to the recent technical evolution of concrete, the understanding of the effect of clays in such systems takes on a significant industrial interest. This study was divided into two part, the first one dealing with the adsorption mechanisms of two polymers onto clay surfaces: a superplasticizer (PCP) and a polycation (F25). IR and SAXS-WAXS analysis together with adsorption measurment revealed that superplasticizer are adsorbed by clays and that the used of polycation inhibites clays-PCP interactions. The adsorption process of F25 onto clays by cationic exchange explains the preferential adsorption of cationic compounds rather than PCP and the restructuration of clay particles at the nano and micronic scale during the adsorption. In a second part, the rheological study of granular suspensions revealed a strong effect of clay particles on the flow behaviors of such systems. The rheological study of pure clay suspensions allowed the modelisation of the effect of clays on granular suspensions using excluded volume. In this case, the anistropic features of clays particles characterized by various technics (TEM, SAXS-WAXS) explains water retention properties of such nanometric minerals
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Kaveh, Shamal. "Det villkorade tillståndet : Centralförbundet för Socialt Arbete och liberal politisk rationalitet 1901–1921." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of History of Science and Ideas, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6845.
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This is a dissertation about Swedish liberalism as a political rationality and, more specifically, the conditions that made the transition from an exclusionary society to an inclusive one possible at the beginning of the 20th century. I have made a case study of National Association of Social Work (Centralförbundet för Socialt Arbete, CSA), an association that played a significant role in the institutionalization of social politics in Sweden. The objectives are threefold. Firstly, to analyze CSA as a liberal political rationality. Secondly, to analyze its political ontology. Thirdly, to examine its motives for defending an including society.
One of the main arguments in this dissertation is that the political rationality of CSA is characterized by a form of government that works in and through society, as well as through freedom. By using the concept of ”the state of suspension” I try to capture and analyze the ontological ambiguity of the individual in liberal thought; an ambiguity expressed in biopolitical categorizations of the population according to perceived capacities for rational thought. The inclusion of the excluded part, which I describe through the notion of “the social”, was possible due to a new political ontology, which considered the individual as being a product of social circumstances, and as someone possible to shape and govern in and through society.
I argue that the political struggle of the excluded not only served to revise the political ontology of CSA, but also provided the rationale for the efforts to create an including society with universal suffrage. CSA did not regard citizenship as a right, but as a political technology and as a solution. Furthermore, I argue that citizenship shouldn’t be seen as a prerequisite for the politization of the excluded. On the contrary, this part of the population was already, at least partially, politicized and they became political subjects through their participation in the struggle for political rights.
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Alvar, Blomgren. "”By the iron hand of oppression" : The performance of the parliamentary election contest in Nottingham and Middlesex 1802-1803." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143964.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how politics was done at the level of the parliamentary constituencies at the time of the treaty of Amiens 1802-1803. This is achieved through two case studies of the elections in Middlesex and Nottingham, which are investigated as social practices. This thesis argues that understandings of masculinity and national identity, as well as questions about the nature of the constitution and citizen rights were central to participants in the extraparliamentary political process. Collective emotions were also highly important in the process of mobilising political support, and this thesis emphasises that participation in these elections was a collective effort; men and women from all levels of society were significant political actors. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates the importance of competences such as knowledge about the organisation of crowds and political violence in the performance of the election.
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Malinová, Jana. "Role přípravné třídy v prevenci specifických poruch učení." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351380.
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The aim of the thesis "Role of preparatory classes in prevention of specific learning disabilities" is to compare intervention of kindergarten and elementary school preparratory classes during suspension of school attendance. It describes all the kinds of specific learning disabilities. It works out in detail diagnostics of specific learning disabilities risk factors from the special education perspective. It offers integral methodology for time undemanding orientational testing of specific learning disabilities risk factors for preschool children. This methodology was used for testing children with suspended school attendance at the start of a school year and in A March of the same school year. Evaluation of test results for each participant is presented in graphs, case study and documentation of the drawing and graphomotoric creations are also incuded. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Books on the topic "Suspension clamps"
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Suspensión de pagos y quiebra en el ordenamiento jurídico laboral: Privilegios salariales y aspectos procesales : doctrina y jurisprudencia. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, 1998.
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Sonja, Meier. Ch.11 Plurality of obligors and of obligees, s.1: Plurality of Obligors, Art.11.1.7. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0220.
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This commentary analyses Article 11.1.7 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the effects of expiration or suspension of the limitation period. Joint and several obligations do not necessarily share the same fate in terms of limitation periods. Under Art 11.1.7(1), the limitation period of the obligee's rights against one obligor has expired while the limitation period of its rights against another obligor has not. This commentary explains how the expiration of limitation period affects the obligee's claims against other obligors. It also considers the suspension of running of limitation period due to initiation of legal proceedings and the effects of other events regarding limitation.
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Linarelli, John, Margot E. Salomon, and Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah. In Lieu of a Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753957.003.0008.
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This chapter recaps the main themes of the volume, ie that the international law of the global economy is in a state of disorder. Claims about the justice, fairness, or benefits of the current state of international law as it relates to the global economy are fanciful. A more credible picture emerges when one considers who is protected, against what, and those relations that are valued and those that are not. Moreover, these claims above all require a suspension of a reflective attitude about what international law actually says and does. When it comes to international economic law, power is masked behind a veil of neutrality when it certainly is not neutral in the interests it protects and offends. As for international human rights law, it overlooks the ways in which it props up extreme capitalism foreclosing the possibility of transformative structural change to neoliberal capitalism. In its most radical areas, human rights norms have been blocked from making demands on the design of the global economy precisely because of their transformative potential. Among the central critiques of international law presented in this book is that international law must be justifiable to those who are subject to it.
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Karenga, Maulana. The Ambivalent Embrace of Barack Obama. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0010.
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This chapter argues that at the heart of Obama's attractiveness as a candidate was his being a representative of a people whose historical and ongoing role as a social and moral vanguard serves at least four fundamental functions for the established order in spite of the paradoxical and mystified meanings that race and racialized discourse and the social apprehension attached to Blackness play in this. First, for the established order, Obama serves as a moral mask to “correct” society's image internationally and domestically, camouflage its continuing imperial thrust, restore respect and hope among its citizens, allies, and the other peoples of the world by being a representative of a people who are a world-recognized moral and social vanguard, and give redeeming evidence of a rise from enslavement in the country to leadership of it. Second, Obama emerges as a counterargument and counterweight to social justice claims of African Americans and claims of racism, discrimination, and deficient opportunities against the established order. Third, there is an evolving tendency of his election to mute, alter, or invite suspension of progressive criticism, given his identity and the investment African Americans and other social forces have made in him as an alternative to prior administrations and a promise of the opening of new social possibilities and a new horizon of history. Finally, for the established order, the presidency of Obama offers an opportunity to facilitate an increased Americanization without rightful respect for the multicultural character of society and without necessary discussion of or dealing effectively with existing inequities in wealth, power, and status of the groups that compose society.
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Mossello, Fabián, and Marcela Malana. El discurso del policial. Eduvim, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52550/26j9x9.
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El discurso del policial. Reconfiguraciones del género en la sociedad contemporánea presenta un análisis sobre autores y obras policiales, casi desde los orígenes del género −Doyle− pasando por clásicos europeos de etapas posteriores −Kafka, Chesterton, Dürrenmatt− hasta llegar a algunos destacados escritores actuales en Latinoamérica −Piglia, Piñeiro, Krimer. Es decir, un abanico de nombres, estilos, obras y épocas que representa, además, lugares claves en la historia del policial del siglo XIX, XX y el actual. A través de una mirada interdisciplinaria y recurriendo a distintas metodologías −estudios culturales, de género, semióticos, estilísticos, comparativos e históricos− se plantea el análisis de un corpus de prácticas policiales contemporáneas para problematizar, por un lado, cuestiones propias del género, en especial las continuidades y rupturas con las formas dominantes dentro del campo literario en las variantes de enigma, negro, espionaje, suspenso, neopolicial, entre otras. Y por otro, visualizar cómo estas prácticas manifiestan la emergencia de nuevos conflictos sociales.
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Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Pratinav Anil. India's First Dictatorship. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577820.001.0001.
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In June 1975 Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed a state of emergency, resulting in a twenty-one-month suspension of democracy. Jaffrelot and Anil revisit the Emergency to re-evaluate characterisations of India as the ‘world’s largest democracy.’ They explore India’s first experiment with authoritarianism, which resulted in a constitutional dictatorship with an unequal impact across states. The impact was felt more strongly in the capital, its neighbouring states and in the Hindi belt than in states ruled by the opposition—the North East and South India. This was largely due to the resilience of federalism and local socio-political factors in these regions. India’s First Dictatorship focuses on Mrs Gandhi and her son, Sanjay, who was largely responsible for the mass sterilization programs and deportation of urban slum-dwellers. However, it equally exposes the facilitation of authoritarian rule by Congressmen, Communists, trade unions, businessmen and the urban middle class, as well as the complacency of the judiciary and media. While opposition leaders eventually ended up in jail, many of them—especially in the RSS—tried to collaborate with the new regime. Those who resisted the Emergency, in the media or on the streets, were far and few between. The Emergency accentuated India’s political culture, which is reflected in the current zeitgeist, as the illiberal aspects of Indian democracy yet again resurface with the rise of Hindu nationalist authoritarian populism. This episode was neither a parenthesis nor a turning point, but a style of rule that is very much alive today.
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Bettinger, Torsten, and Allegra Waddell, eds. Domain Name Law And Practice. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663163.001.0001.
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An established authority in the field, this work provides comprehensive analysis of the law and practice relating to internet domain names at an international level, combined with a detailed survey of the 36 most important domain name jurisdictions worldwide, including the US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Japan, China, Singapore, Russia, Canada, and Australia, and new chapters on Israel, Mexico, South Korea, Brazil, Colombia, Portugal, and South Africa. The survey includes extensive country-by-country analysis of how domain names relate to existing trade mark law, and upon the developing case law in the field, as well as the alternative dispute resolution procedures. In its second edition, this work analyses, in depth, key developments in the field including ICANN's new gTLD program. The program, introducing more than 700 new top-level domains, will have far-reaching consequences for brand name industries worldwide and for usage of the internet. The complicated application process is considered in detail as well as filing and review procedures, the delegation process, the role and function of the Trademark Clearing House and the Sunrise and Trademark Claims Services, dispute resolution, and new rights protection mechanisms. Other developments covered include new registration processes such as the use of privacy and proxy services, as well as the expansion of the scope of internationalized domain names, including the addition of a number of generic top-level domains such as “.tel” and “.travel”. Also considered are developments relating to the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) in terms of the nature of cases seen under the Policy and the number of cases filed, as well as the recent paperless e-UDRP initiative. The Uniform Rapid Suspension System, working alongside the UDRP in the new gTLD space, is also discussed in a new chapter on this process. Giving detailed information about the registration of domain names at national, regional and international levels, analysis of the dispute resolution processes at each of those levels, and strategic guidance on how to manage domain names as part of an overall brand strategy, this leading work in international domain name law is essential reading for practitioners in the field.
Book chapters on the topic "Suspension clamps"
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Herron, Jeffrey, and Morghan Vélez Young-Alfaro. "Racialized Perceptions of School Violence Suspensions of African-American Students." In Handbook of Research on School Violence in American K-12 Education, 208–26. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6246-7.ch009.
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The history and current practices of out-of-school suspensions significantly impact African-American students; research shows the practices to be overly used and target African-American students. This chapter explores the ways that school violence is responded to disproportionally and is entangled with racial mythology. That is, racial discrimination shows up in structural and interpersonal ways such as suspending and expelling students of Color for the same infractions for which White peers get to return to class such as kicking a trashcan, defiance, and truancies. The chapter closes with recommendations for educators and policymakers, focusing on ways to mitigate the impact of out-of-school suspension practices and racial discrimination in order to improve the future of learning, school discipline, and outcomes of African-American students.
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Herron, Jeffrey, and Morghan Vélez Young-Alfaro. "Racialized Perceptions of School Violence Suspensions of African-American Students." In Research Anthology on Empowering Marginalized Communities and Mitigating Racism and Discrimination, 1284–302. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8547-4.ch063.
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The history and current practices of out-of-school suspensions significantly impact African-American students; research shows the practices to be overly used and target African-American students. This chapter explores the ways that school violence is responded to disproportionally and is entangled with racial mythology. That is, racial discrimination shows up in structural and interpersonal ways such as suspending and expelling students of Color for the same infractions for which White peers get to return to class such as kicking a trashcan, defiance, and truancies. The chapter closes with recommendations for educators and policymakers, focusing on ways to mitigate the impact of out-of-school suspension practices and racial discrimination in order to improve the future of learning, school discipline, and outcomes of African-American students.
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Knee, Jonathan A. "The Wizard of Ed." In Class Clowns, 15–55. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231179287.003.0002.
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The IPO of Edison Schools in 1999 was the culmination of building optimism about the potential to transform public education for the better. Edison represented the powerful proposition that a private company could deliver better public schools for less money, leaving taxpayers, investors and children better off. The messianic force behind Edison was Chris Whittle. It failed spectacularly as did widely publicized ventures before and since. The story of Whittle’s ability to continue to raise money from sophisticated individual, institutional and corporate investors over more than twenty years to pursue his educational vision is remarkable on many levels. Following the twenty year trail of unhappy investors in Whittle’s various educational efforts reveals much about K-12 business models and the suspension of disbelief in educational matters by the otherwise sophisticated.
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NASH, V. E. "ROLE OF EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS IN VISCOSITY OF CLAY SUSPENSIONS." In Clays and Clay Minerals, 328–42. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-009235-5.50027-9.
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Fordham, Signithia. "Nadine." In Downed By Friendly Fire. University of Minnesota Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816689668.003.0004.
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The third chapter follows the ethnographical narrative of one of the girls of the study, Nadine. Specifically, it examines the role of language in class and racialized intra-/inter gender issues between and among the Black, White and biracial study participants and their unending quest for status and normalcy. This is done by chronicling how a Black girl’s physical response to being called two of the vilest racial and gender terms—the n-word and the b-word—in the same sentence lead immediately to a 5-day suspension, while the White girl who uttered the words was deemed blameless in the conflict.
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Ziogas, Ioannis. "Love as a State of Exception." In Law and Love in Ovid, 27–68. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845140.003.0002.
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In Latin love elegy, the disavowal of law for the sake of love is couched in courtroom rhetoric and is thus both a denial and an appropriation of legal discourse. The elegiac recusatio is a version of the recusatio imperii, Augustus’ strategy for establishing his sovereignty by setting himself outside or above formal procedures. Not unlike the prince, Ovid proclaims a sovereign exception; he controls the production of law by deciding what lies outside it. The chapter studies a number of key passages from Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, and Ovid to show that the love poets anticipate Augustus’ claims to sacrosanctity and sovereignty. It further examines love elegy’s affinities with the Saturnalian spirit of Roman comedy in order to argue that the elegiac suspension of legal action affords space for the emergence of an alternative jurisprudence of love.
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Case, Holly. "Introduction." In The Age of Questions, 1–7. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691131153.003.0001.
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This book is about what it calls the “age of questions,” which began in the 1820s and 1830s as a result of three major developments: the expansion and politicization of press distribution; the enlargement of the voting franchise (in Britain); and a tight series of international events, including the Greek uprising in the Ottoman Empire (1821–1832) and the Belgian Revolution (1830–1839). The book examines how querists used a variety of questions to span contradictions, arguing that a question/problem arose out of a gap between a universal ideal and a particular reality. Seven distinct arguments regarding the essence of the age of questions are discussed: the national argument, the progressive argument, the argument about force, the federative argument, the argument about farce, the temporal argument, and the suspension-bridge argument. The book draws on certain pieces of evidence to support the divergent claims advanced by querists.
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Johnson, Laurie. "Bowen’s Recesses: From Realism to Inter-Objectivity." In Elizabeth Bowen, 127–44. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458641.003.0009.
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This chapter re-orients consideration of realist elements in Bowen’s short stories by framing readings according to a series of ‘recesses.’ The first is as a building feature designed to conceal and display, which frames a discussion of the status of ‘things’ in Bowen’s writing, that is, the objects that deck out her narratives and become a focus for critical interest in her realism. The second is as a cue for the notion of receding, which I use against claims about consistency in narrative voice in Bowen’s work to argue instead that Bowen’s ‘voice’ can be shown increasingly to recede, leaving the subject-position in such doubt as to compel the willing reader to complete the point of view. Finally, ‘recess’ is used in the sense of suspension or adjournment, against claims that the ‘psychological realism’ created by Bowen presents a ‘transtemporal subjectivity,’ to argue that agency in Bowen’s narratives becomes, by virtue of the points raised above, suspended, such that ‘subjectivity’ is itself untenable. The term I will use to describe the coming together of people and things in Bowen’s fictional universe—and indeed in her writings about the world of the Blitz—will be ‘inter-objectivity.’
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Letheby, Chris. "Spirituality." In Philosophy of Psychedelics, 196–204. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198843122.003.0009.
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‘Spirituality’ examines the import of psychedelic evidence for the philosophical project of naturalising spirituality. This chapter argues that psychedelic research vindicates the claim that there are transformative experiences and practices that can legitimately be called ‘spiritual’ and are compatible with adherence to a naturalistic worldview. The existential transformation afforded by some psychedelic experiences provides a paradigm for naturalistic spirituality: the temporary suspension of our default, self-referential mode of cognition, making available experiences of connectedness and feelings of wonder and awe. Jerome Stone (2012) has reviewed recent philosophical work on naturalistic spirituality and extracted some core ideas: notably (i) that spirituality is about connection, aspiration, and asking the Big Questions, and (ii) that these are all ways of overcoming the limitations of the ordinary sense of self. This chapter argues that psychedelic evidence supports these claims, as well as the further claim that such experiences and practices are independent of non-naturalistic metaphysical ideations.
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Schumaker, Kathryn. "Tinker’s Troubled Legacy." In Troublemakers, 171–208. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479875139.003.0006.
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This chapter examines how ideas about race and order shaped the way the courts’ articulated students’ rights in relation to school discipline in the 1970s and early 1980s, placed in context of the rise of mass incarceration. The chapter begins by discussing how advocates for students of color confronted racial disparities in school discipline and the ways that the courts limited the kinds of claims students could make about racial discrimination in suspensions and expulsions.In Ingraham v. Wright, the Supreme Court ruled that the Eighth Amendment does not prohibit school officials from using corporal punishment. In New Jersey v. T.L.O., the Court determined that students’ do have a limited right to privacy in relation to searches of their clothing and belongings at school. This chapter places these cases within the context of a longer history of a punitive turn in education and demonstrates how these rulings reinforced existing racial inequities in school discipline.
Conference papers on the topic "Suspension clamps"
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Liu, Chao, and Zhan Gao. "A new method for cable shape finding of self-anchored suspension bridges." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0519.
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<p>This paper proposes a new overall coordinate method (OCM) to determine the cable shape of self-anchored suspension bridges. In this method, the initial cable shape between adjacent clamps is assumed to be linear and the target cable shape is calculated by iterations based on the overall equilibrium of forces. This method is used to calculate the cable shape of the Chishui Bay Bridge in Hebei Province by MATLAB, and the results are compared with the measured data. The comparison shows that the OCM has a fast convergence speed and high accuracy.</p>
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Cao, Dongpu, Subhash Rakheja, and Chun-Yi Su. "A Generalized Model of a Class of Interconnected Hydro-Pneumatic Suspensions and Analysis of Pitch Properties." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13961.
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The static and dynamic properties of pitch-interconnected hydro-pneumatic vehicle suspensions are derived using a generalized analytical model. The suspensions incorporate two compact struts with integrated gas chambers and damping valves within each unit. The struts provide superior flexibility in realizing fluidic couplings, while offering large effective working area. The proposed suspension configurations consist of hydraulic, pneumatic or hybrid fluidic couplings between the front and rear suspension struts. The coupling effects due to different interconnected suspensions are established through the mathematical formulations. A generalized model of the hydro-pneumatic suspensions is developed that could be applied for either the roll or pitch plane of the vehicle, permitting analyses of suspension forces in a very simple manner. The 7-DOF pitch plane model of a heavy vehicle is analyzed to derive the relative vertical and pitch properties of different suspension configurations, in terms of suspension rates, pitch stiffness, bounce and pitch mode damping properties. The results suggest that the use of fluidic interconnections could yield considerable design flexibility and reduced coupling between the bounce and pitch stiffness properties, while the hydraulic and hybrid fluidic couplings offer added flexibility in tuning the bounce and pitch damping characteristics. The influence of load distribution on the bounce and pitch stiffness properties is also explored.
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Peyrard, Christophe, Marco Belloli, Pierre Bousseau, Sara Muggiasca, Stefano Giappino, Richard Howard, and Daniele Rocchi. "CFD Modeling of Flow Induced Vibration on a Mobile Cylinder for a 30 K-60 K Reynolds Number Comparison Between Simulation and Experimental Results." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77534.
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Fatigue and aging of electrical overhead transmission lines is a major concern nowadays in developed countries with ever increasing difficulties to build new lines and an already quite aged network. An important degradation phenomenon of overhead line cables is fretting fatigue close to the suspension clamps due to vortex induced vibrations (VIV). These VIV are generally observed for wind speeds in the range of 1 to 7 m/s. The existing industrial practice for predicting how prone cables are to VIV fatigue is based on a balance between the power generated by the wind and the power dissipated by the cable system. The power generated by the wind has been evaluated through measurements on real line spans and through wind tunnel experiments on rigid and flexible cylinders as a function of frequency and vibration amplitude. The wind tunnel measurement results are mainly performed for constant flow speed. Corresponding results show a scattering from simple to double. Furthermore, complementary investigations are required to better evaluate the power with wind speed variations across and along the overhead line span. EDF R&D (with Code_Saturne open source software) and Politecnico di Milano have evaluated CFD modeling on a mobile rigid cylinder with comparison to detailed wind tunnel measurement results performed by Politecnico di Milano on a 20 cm diameter rigid cylinder equipped with a pressure scanner. This paper presents the steps, the different questions raised, the difficulties and limitations for the setting and the realization of the CFD modeling approach. The comparison between experimental results and simulation results is presented for the mobile rigid cylinder with k-ω SST turbulence model.
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Croccolo, D., R. Cuppini, and N. Vincenzi. "The Structural Design of Front Motorbike Suspensions." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67660.
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The fundamental goal of this paper is to provide a methodology useful for the structural design and optimization of front motorbike suspensions. Two different types of shaft-hub couplings are normally used to assembly the whole suspension: (i) an interference-fit coupling (between the fork and the steering pin) and (ii) a clamped joint (between the fork and the leg and between the leg and the wheel pin). Firstly the Design of Experiment method has been applied in order to evaluate the static friction coefficient μll. Secondly a mathematical model, based on the thick-wall cylinder theory, has been developed in order to calculate the tensile state in the fork-pin couplings. Finally other mathematical models have been defined with the aim to calculate the maximum bending stress and the mean coupling pressure generated in the fork-leg and in the wheel-clamp couplings. The research results have been used to realize an innovative software (Leg Design©) that is useful to design and to verify the whole front motorbike suspensions with correct and effective results obtained for different geometries and material combinations.
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Banks, Alan James. "Composite Lightweight Automotive Suspension System (CLASS)." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1122.
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Croccolo, D., M. De Agostinis, and N. Vincenzi. "Experimental Analysis on the Tightening Torque - Preloading Force Relationship in Threaded Fasteners." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37153.
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The aim of this study is to provide an experimental methodology useful to determine the friction coefficients in bolted joints and, therefore, to relate precisely the tightening torque to the preloading force. The components under investigation are some clamped joints made of aluminium alloy and used in front motorbike suspensions to connect the steering plate (fork) to the legs and the legs to the wheel pin. The aluminium alloy is realised by a casting or a forging process afterwards anodized or spry-painted in surface. Some specific specimens have been appropriately designed and realised with the same process of the actual components. The bolt torque is given by a torque wrench whereas the preloading force has been evaluated by means of a strain gauge. Thread and underhead friction coefficients have been studied separately, by applying an axial bearing located between the bolt head and the flange of the specimen. The overall friction coefficient and the torque coefficient (nut factor) have been calculated. Experimental tests have been carried out by applying the Design of Experiment (DOE) method in order to obtain an accurate mathematical model that involves the significant friction variables and their interactions. The results of this preliminary study have been, then, applied to those connections used in front motorbike suspensions to lock the steering plates with the legs and the legs with the wheel pin, by means of one or two bolts. The preloading force, produced during the tightening process, should be evaluated accurately, since it must lock safely the shaft, without overcoming the yielding point of the hub. Firstly, the applied tightening torque has been precisely related to the imposed preloading force by means of the friction coefficients definition. The tensile state of clamps, have been evaluated both via FEM and by leveraging some design formulae proposed by the Authors as functions of the preloading force and of the clamp geometry. Finally the results have been compared to those given by some strain gauges applied on the tested clamps: the discrepancies between numerical analyses, design formulae and experimental results remains under a threshold of 10%.
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Ward, Derek K., Oliver Hanke, Torsten Bertram, Manfred Hiller, and Roberto Bardini. "A Generic Suspension Model for Middle Class Passenger Vehicles." In SAE 2001 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1280.
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Rastegar, Jahangir, Kavous Jorabchi, and Hee J. Park. "Enhancement of the Vehicle Suspension Performance Using Motion-Doubling Linkage Mechanisms." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99504.
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In recent studies, a new class of planar and spatial linkage mechanisms was presented in which for a continuous full rotation or continuous rocking motion of the input link, the output link undergoes two continuous rocking motions. Such linkage mechanisms were referred to as the “motion-doubling” linkage mechanisms. This class of mechanisms was also shown to generally have dynamics advantage over regular mechanisms designed to achieve similar gross output motions. In the present study, the use of the motion-doubling linkage mechanisms in the construction of vehicle suspension systems is investigated. The performance of the resulting vehicle suspension system is compared to that of a suspension system regularly used in vehicles. For a typical set of vehicle and tire parameters, the parameters of both suspension systems are optimally determined with a commonly used objective function, which is defined as the standard deviation of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle. Using numerical simulation, it is shown that the suspension system constructed with a motion-doubling linkage mechanism has a significantly better performance as compared to a standard suspension system.
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Rastegar, Jahangir, and Dake Feng. "Novel Motion-Doubling Linkage Mechanisms for Vehicle Suspension: Performance Simulation Results." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35783.
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In recent studies, a new class of planar and spatial linkage mechanisms was presented in which for a continuous full rotation or continuous rocking motion of the input link, the output link undergoes two continuous rocking motions. Such linkage mechanisms were referred to as the “motion-doubling” linkage mechanisms. This class of mechanisms was also shown to generally have dynamics advantage over regular mechanisms designed to achieve similar gross output motions. In a recent study, the application of such motion-doubling linkage mechanisms to vehicle suspension system was investigated. In the present study, the performance of a vehicle using such a suspension system is compared to a suspension system regularly used in vehicles. For a typical set of vehicle and tire parameters, the parameters of both suspension systems are optimally determined with a commonly used objective function. The performance of the two systems in the presence of various input disturbances is then determined using computer simulation. It is shown that suspension systems constructed with motion-doubling linkage mechanisms can provide a significantly superior performance as compared to a commonly used suspension system.
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Herber, Daniel R., and James T. Allison. "A Problem Class With Combined Architecture, Plant, and Control Design Applied to Vehicle Suspensions." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86213.
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Here we describe a problem class with combined architecture, plant, and control design for dynamic engineering systems. The design problem class is characterized by architectures comprised of linear physical elements and nested co-design optimization problems employing linear-quadratic dynamic optimization. The select problem class leverages a number of existing theory and tools and is particularly attractive due to the symbiosis between labeled graph representations of architectures, dynamic models constructed from linear physical elements, linear-quadratic dynamic optimization, and the nested co-design solution strategy. A vehicle suspension case study is investigated and a specifically constructed architecture, plant, and control design problem is described. The result was the automated generation and co-design problem evaluation of 4,374 unique suspension architectures. The results demonstrate that changes to the vehicle suspension architecture can result in improved performance, but at the cost of increased mechanical complexity. Furthermore, the case study highlights a number of challenges associated with finding solutions to the considered class of design problems.