Relevant bibliographies by topics / Suspension conditions

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Suspension conditions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Suspension conditions"

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Kamizela, Tomasz, Mariusz Kowalczyk, and Małgorzata Worwąg. "Conditions for effective ultrasonic disintegration of activated sludge suspension." Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture XXXII, no. 1/2015 (March 2015): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/rb.2015.18.

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Chernoburova, Olga, Mathieu Jenny, Sébastien Kiesgen De Richter, Maude Ferrari, and Akira Otsuki. "Dynamic Behavior of Dilute Bentonite Suspensions under Different Chemical Conditions Studied via Magnetic Resonance Imaging Velocimetry." Colloids and Interfaces 2, no. 4 (September 27, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids2040041.

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This study investigates dilute aqueous suspensions of bentonite particles using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) velocimetry. Four different chemical conditions are tested to investigate the influence of pH and type of monovalent electrolyte on the local rheological behavior of bentonite suspensions. The results indicate the shear banding in a dilute suspension of 0.1 vol.% solid due to the formation of a continuous three-dimensional particle network under a certain chemical environment (i.e., pH 4 in 1 × 10−2 M KNO3). This network is responsible for the existence of the yield stress in that dilute suspension. Structural changes induced by modification of suspensions’ chemistry are examined via scanning electron microscopy. A previously established method based on processing the torques acquired via conventional rheometric measurement is also applied as an alternative way to recover local flow information. Within the shear rate range covered by our MRI velocimetry, the results of both methods show good agreement. This study suggests that the existence of a master curve (or global flow curve) for dilute suspensions is dependent on the bentonite particle organization, which is influenced by the suspension chemistry and the previous flow history.
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Peng, Yucheng, and Brian Via. "The Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspension Treatment on Suspension Viscosity and Casted Film Property." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132168.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted significant interest in different industrial sectors. Many applications have been developed and more are being explored. Pre-treatment of the suspension plays a critical role for different applications. In this study, different pre-treatment methods, including homogenization, ultrasonication, and mixing with a magnetic stirrer were applied to a CNC suspension. After treatment, the rheological behaviors of the treated CNC suspensions were characterized using a rotational viscometer. The treated suspensions were then used to cast films for characterization by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR). All the CNC suspensions demonstrated a shear thinning phenomena. Homogenization or ultrasonication significantly decreased the suspension viscosity compared with the suspension mixed by a magnetic stirrer. The viscosity of CNC suspension changed with time after treatment and settlement of treated CNC suspensions in room conditions increased the viscosity dramatically with time. Different UV and visible light interferences were observed for the CNC films generated from suspensions treated by different methods. The degree of crystallinity of the CNC films evaluated by FT-NIR showed that the film from suspension treated by homogenization and ultrasonication has the highest degree of crystallinity. Pre-treatments of CNC suspension affected the suspension viscosities and formed film properties.
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Jackson, Remonica, Paul Lewis, and Stacy D. Brown. "Comparative Stability of Compounded Omeprazole Suspension Versus Commercial Omeprazole Kit When Stored in Oral Syringes Under Refrigerated Conditions." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 36, no. 5 (June 26, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122520935532.

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Background: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to manage gastrointestinal disorders. Special populations may require omeprazole to be given as an oral suspension. Objective: The purpose of this project was to compare the stability of omeprazole in the FIRST kit product to a traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension, when stored in refrigerated unit-dosed syringes. NG tube delivery of the 2 products was also investigated. Methods: Five batches of compounded omeprazole oral suspension and 5 kits of FIRST-Omeprazole were prepared to an initial concentration of 2 mg/mL. Suspensions were aliquoted into 5-mL doses in clear plastic oral syringes, and stored at 2-8 °C. Syringes from each batch were analyzed at baseline and after 7, 14, 21, and 30 days for omeprazole potency using HPLC. To assess suitability for NG tube administration, 20 mL of each suspension were administered through NG tubes (8Fr, 10Fr, and 18Fr), and percent omeprazole recovery assessed. Results: The chemical potency remained within 90-110% for 14 days and 30 days for compounded samples and FIRST-Omeprazole samples, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in initial concentration; 1.89 mg/mL versus 1.98 mg/mL for compounded and FIRST-Omeprazole, respectively. After 30 days, FIRST-Omeprazole demonstrated 97.20% API recovery. Neither suspension experienced statistically significant loss of potency following NG tube passage. Conclusion: FIRST-Omeprazole suspension may be stored in refrigerated clear luer-lock oral syringes for 30 days. Traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension should be used within 14 days. Both suspensions are suitable for NG tube administration.
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Li, Shidong, Yeap Hung Ng, Hon Chung Lau, Ole Torsæter, and Ludger P. Stubbs. "Experimental Investigation of Stability of Silica Nanoparticles at Reservoir Conditions for Enhanced Oil-Recovery Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081522.

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To be effective enhanced oil-recovery (EOR) agents, nanoparticles must be stable and be transported through a reservoir. However, the stability of a nanoparticle suspension at reservoir salinity and temperature is still a challenge and how it is affected by reservoir rocks and crude oils is not well understood. In this work, for the first time, the effect of several nanoparticle treatment approaches on the stability of silica nanoparticles at reservoir conditions (in the presence of reservoir rock and crude oil) was investigated for EOR applications. The stability of nanoparticle suspensions was screened in test tubes at 70 °C and 3.8 wt. % NaCl in the presence of reservoir rock and crude oil. Fumed silica nanoparticles in suspension with hydrochloric acid (HCl), polymer-modified fumed nanoparticles and amide-functionalized silica colloidal nanoparticles were studied. The size and pH of nanoparticle suspension in contact with rock samples were measured to determine the mechanism for stabilization or destabilization of nanoparticles. A turbidity scanner was used to quantify the stability of the nanoparticle suspension. Results showed that both HCl and polymer surface modification can improve nanoparticle stability under synthetic seawater salinity and 70 °C. Suspensions of polymer-modified nanoparticles were stable for months. It was found that pH is a key parameter influencing nanoparticle stability. Rock samples containing carbonate minerals destabilized unmodified nanoparticles. Crude oil had limited effect on nanoparticle stability. Some components of crude oil migrated into the aqueous phase consisting of amide-functionalized silica colloidal nanoparticles suspension. Nanoparticles modification or/and stabilizer are necessary for nanoparticle EOR application.
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Samchenko, Svetlana, Irina Kozlova, Оlga Zemskova, and Ekaterina Baskakova. "Influence of optimal conditions of ultrasonic dispersion on the stability of suspensions of finely ground slags." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926501017.

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The preparation in the jet mill of finely ground slag (FGS) from the waste of metallurgical production granulated blast-furnace slag, the obtaining of slag suspensions, and the behavior of FGS particles in an aqueous dispersion medium are considered in the paper. It was found that FGS particles in the suspension form micelles of two types with negative (micelle 1) and positive (micelle 2) charges of FGS surface. To increase the aggregative and sedimentation stability of FGS particles in suspensions, studies were carried out using ultrasonic dispersion. The results of investigations on the detection of optimal dispersion parameters for slag suspensions are presented. It was found that in the absence of temperature control, the process of coagulation of slag particles is accelerated and aggregative and sedimentation stability of suspensions of FGS is reduced. The slag particles in the suspension form aggregates that lead to a deterioration of the strength characteristics of the cement stone using suspensions of FGS. Optimal parameters of ultrasonic dispersion of slag suspensions are established: the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations is equal to 44 kHz; the dispersion temperature is 25 ± 2 °C; the dispersion time is 15 min. It was found that the application of ultrasonic dispersion to slag suspensions with the observance of dispersion conditions can increase the aggregative and sedimentation stability of FGS suspension by 2-3 times in comparison with the mechanical mixing of suspensions. The strength of samples with suspensions of FGS prepared using UST under the recommended dispersing conditions increased by 19 to 39% in the first day; for 28 days of hardening - by 19 - 36%, which allows using slag suspensions in the production of cement composite materials and concretes based on them.
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Butler, Jason E. "Suspension dynamics: moving beyond steady." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 752 (July 4, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.278.

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AbstractThe dynamics of flowing, concentrated suspensions of non-colloidal particles continues to surprise, despite decades of work and the widespread importance of suspension transport properties to industrial processes and natural phenomena. Blanc, Lemaire & Peters (J. Fluid Mech., 2014, vol. 746, R4) report a striking example. They probed the time-dependent dynamics of concentrated suspensions of rigid and neutrally buoyant spheres by simultaneously measuring the oscillatory rheology and the sedimentation rate of a falling ball. The sedimentation velocity of the ball through the suspension depends strongly on the frequency of oscillation, though the rheology was found to be independent of frequency. The results demonstrate the complexities of suspension flows and highlight opportunities for improving models by exploring suspension dynamics and rheology over a wide range of conditions, beyond steady and unidirectional ones.
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Liu, Yung Sheng, Tswn Syau Tsay, Tsai Chu Wang, and Chi Fan Liu. "The Impact of Bicycle Suspension on Pedaling Forces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.338.

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Front and/or rear suspensions of bicycles become popular for the purpose of riding comfort especially for mountain bicycle. Suspension system include damper for shock absorbing and spring for rebounding. Therefore suspension systems would increase bicycle riding effort since damper dissipates energy. ADAMS®/LifeMOD® are proposed in this research to establish a Bicycle-Human Integrated Multibody Dynamic Model to investigate the impact of bicycle suspensions on cyclists leg muscle forces under various pedaling conditions. Muscles compared include adductor magnus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and semitendinosus. Pedaling conditions include riding on flat road, over a road bump, and climbing slope. The results indicate that suspension system increases the pedaling forces of vastus lateralis and semitendinosus. However suspension system decreases the pedaling forces of adductor magnus and rectus femoris. The integrated model built in this research may be used as reference for designing bicycle suspension systems. In addition, the results of this study can be used as the basis of leg weight training for long-distance off-road cyclists to strengthen certain muscles.
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Tikhov-Tinnikov, Dmitry A. "METHODS FOR MONITORING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE SUSPENSION OF VEHICLE UNDER OPERATING CONDITIONS." International Journal of Advanced Studies 11, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2021-11-4-18-30.

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Suspension faults can reduce wheel traction and therefore reduce vehicle stability. Existing diagnostic methods for the suspension do not take into account the stability of the vehicle. To control stability, it is proposed to use road and bench methods, characterized by suspension vibrations and constant lateral force. Theoretical studies were carried out using mathematical models based on the description of the functioning of sprung and unsprung vehicle masses, as well as elastic tires. Experimental studies include bench tests of tires, shock absorbers and silent blocks of various technical conditions, as well as road studies of the kinematic parameters of the M1 category vehicle. As a result, a road method for monitoring the technical condition of shock absorbers was developed, taking into account their influence on stability indicators. Purpose – Theoretical substantiation and experimental confirmation of the method for diagnosing suspension systems by parameters related to the stability of the vehicle movement. Methodology includes experimental methods, mathematical modeling methods and numerical methods for solving differential equations. Results: experimental methods and mathematical apparatus were developed to study the influence of the parameters of the suspension system on the stability of the movement of vehicles. Practical implications: the results can be used by organizations and institutions involved in the development of diagnostic methods for vehicles.
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Matheus, Boeira Braga, and Cristina dos Santos Rocha Sandra. "Effect of Surface Properties on Particle Growth Kinetics for Polymer Coating in Spouted Bed." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1616.

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In this research, glass beads with size range between 1.68 and 2mm were coated with 5 polymeric suspensions. The suspensions formulations differ in relation to their employment and physical properties (solids concentration, surface tension and rheology), generating different characteristics of wettability and adhesion with the nucleus. The aim of this study was to evaluate particle coating in a spouted bed through analysis of particle growth in terms of solid surface energy, wettability, and adhesion before and after the formation of the first layer of polymeric film on the particle. The solid-suspension and film-suspension systems were characterized by contact angle and surface energy. The operating conditions were fixed for all suspensions: 1.5 kg of beads, air velocity of 0.369 m/s, air temperature of 60 °C, suspension flow rate of 4 ml and atomizing pressure of 10 psig. Analyzing particle growth kinetics, different behaviors were observed and related not only to glass-suspension wettability, but also to polymeric film-suspension surface properties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Suspension conditions"

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Yan, Huawei. "Fibre suspension flocculation under simulated forming conditions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3794.

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A flow loop system for study of fibre flocculation insuspensions has been developed. The system is designed tosimulate the flow conditions in a paper machine headbox. It isequipped with a radial distributor feeding a step diffuser pipepackage, after which the flow is contracted in a 2-D nozzle.The flow system is also equipped with a secondary flowcontraction with an area reduction ratio of 2:1 after theheadbox nozzle, mimicking accelerations that may take placeduring forming. The flow system is equipped with heating andcooling devices for the study of temperature effects on fibresuspension flocculation. An online dosage device for the studyof chemical effects on fibre suspension flocculation is alsoincluded. The maximum flow velocity in the system is 16m/s.

Flowing fibre suspensions were studied using a high speedCCD video camera and transmitted infra-red laser light pulseillumination. Images were taken either separately before andafter or along the secondary contraction. Images of fibreflocculation were evaluated by power spectrum analysis, and themean floc size and the flocculation index were calculated. Aconcept of mean floc area reduction, based on power spectrum,has been introduced to characterise the fibre network insuspensions. By comparingthe fibre flocculation before andafter the secondary contraction, or by following the fibreflocs along the secondary contraction, floc rheologyinformation can be obtained. The effects of chemical additivesand fibre surface modification can also be studied by comparingthe corresponding fibre flocculation.

For a bleached softwood kraft pulp suspension at a fibreconcentration of 5 g/l, the fibre flocs along the secondarycontraction have been manually evaluated, and the resultsconfirm that the power spectrum analysis is applicable. Ca 1/5of the flocs were broken into two by the contraction. The meanfloc size increases in MD while in CD it decreases during theflow contraction. Both the floc aspect ratio and the flocorientation in MD increase during the flow contraction. The netfibre floc area is decreased and the fibre flocs areconcentrated by the flow contraction, which is confirmed by anincrease of gray value of the flocs in the light transmissionimages. The dewatering of fibre flocs may thus have alreadybeen started in the suspension before reaching the wires in theforming zone.

Some physical influences on fibre suspension flocculationhave been investigated. The results confirm that fibreconcentration and fibre length are the dominating factorsaffecting fibre suspension flocculation. Increasing absoluteflow velocity has an insignificant effect on fibre flocs in theflow contraction. Suppressing turbulence, by increasingsuspension viscosity via a decrease of medium temperature,shows a clear effect on reducing fibre suspensionflocculation.

Some chemical influences on fibre suspension flocculationhave also been investigated. A retention aid, flocculant,cationic polyacrylamide, C-PAM, increases fibre suspensionflocculation by a bridging mechanism, and a formation aid,class II, anionic polyacrylamide, A-PAM, decreases fibresuspension flocculation by suppressing turbulence. Fibresuspension flocculation can also be reduced by surfacemodification with carboxymethyl cellulose, due to a reductionof the friction between fibres. The amount of fibre dispersiondepends on the ionic form of the grafted CMC, due to theelectrostatic repulsion between negatively charged groups onthe grafted CMC moieties. Xyloglucan, a non-ionic polymer,which is strongly adsorbed on cellulosic fibre surfaces, showsa similar influence on reduction of fibre suspensionflocculation by decreasing the friction between fibres.

The fibre flocculation data in the flow loop system werealso compared with the corresponding paper formation data inthe sheets produced on a pilot paper machine, both with andwithout chemical additives. The results show that the fibresuspension flocculation is well correlated with the paper sheetformation: when the fibre suspension flocculation is increased,the corresponding paper sheet formation deteriorates,especially in the large scale range.

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Croizet, Cédric. "Modelisation cinetique d'une suspension et conditions aux limites sur une paroi." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066499.

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Le choix de conditions aux limites parietales judicieuses pour une suspension est souvent difficile lorsque la phase dispersee est decrite par un modele eulerien. Les problemes rencontres sont exposes a travers l'exemple du point d'arret, traite avec un modele de type marble. Ceci montre la necessite de developper conjointement les equations et les conditions aux limites par un examen des collisions particule-particule et particule-paroi. Nous nous proposons de le faire dans cette these, en utilisant une approche cinetique. En considerant des collisions interparticulaires instantanees, binaires, inelastiques et non ponctuelles, une equation de boltzmann pour la phase dispersee est proposee. Elle permet d'obtenir la conservation de la masse et de la quantite de mouvement ainsi qu'un theoreme h, pour des collisions faiblement inelastiques, traduisant l'irreversibilite de l'evolution. Cette equation etant difficile a resoudre, une equation simplifiee de type bgk, possedant des proprietes analogues, est introduite. Elle contient une frequence de collision dependant de la vitesse des particules. A partir de l'equation de boltzmann et en utilisant la methode des treize moments, des equations de bilan pour les quantites hydrodynamiques moyennes sont proposees. D'une loi de rebond anisotrope caracterisant l'impact inelastique et non ponctuel d'une particule a la paroi, un comportement parietal pour ces quantites est deduit. L'analyse de l'equation de boltzmann met en evidence l'existence d'une couche limite, dont l'epaisseur est de l'ordre du nombre de knudsen, ou les equations des moments ne sont pas valables. L'ecoulement y est decrit par un modele cinetique anisotrope base sur le modele bgk. Une analyse de type couche limite permet alors d'ecrire, pour les equations des treize moments, des conditions aux limites qui s'obtiennent ainsi naturellement en ecrivant le raccord de l'ecoulement interieur avec l'ecoulement exterieur.
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Kunzel, Theresa. "The influence of eutrophic conditions on the activity of the suspension-feeding barnacle Semibalanus balanoides." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1255.

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Eutrophication is a current problem on coastal lines worldwide. Cirripedia like the northern acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides actively help to prevent high amounts of plankton in the coastal zones by filtering plankton out of the surrounding water. This investigation focuses on the movements of Semibalanus balanoides in comparison to increasing concentrations of plankton in the water (between 33mg and 110 mg particles per litre) which simulate eutrophication. The four factors feeding activity, pumping activity, isolation time and clogging of the feeding apparatus in relation to the plankton concentration of the water were examined.

The results show significant interaction between pumping movement and the plankton concentration. The feeding activity, the isolation time and the clogging compared to the plankton concentration get no statistical results.

Less feeding activity and an increase in pumping behaviour will not decrease the amount of plankton in the coastal waters which will increase the problems of eutrophication. The paper shows that more investigation on suspension feeders and their surroundings needs to be done to be able to understand the dangers fully.

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Alyousuf, Saeed Habib Hassan. "Comparison of free amino acid profiles in carrot cell suspension cultures resistant to stress conditions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184631.

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Plant cells resistant to specific amino acid analogs have been reported to accumulate the corresponding free amino acids. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of fifteen free amino acids: alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, glutamate, proline, arginine, aspartate, threonine, methionine, lysine, serine, glycine, tryptophan and phenylalanine in Daucus carota cell lines, resistant either to the proline analog azetidine-2 carboxylic acid (A2C), or to the tryptophan analog 5-methyltryptophan (5-MT), or to both the analogs combined. This study also intended to determine if these analogs influence the biosynthesis of the above-mentioned fifteen amino acids in the cell line resistant to A2C and 5-MT. Carrot cell lines resistant to 5-MT, to A2C, or to both the analogs were selected by incubating carrot cells in liquid growth media containing either 0.3 mM 5-MT, or 0.5 mM A2C for 6 to 16 weeks. Free amino acid concentrations were then determined in the extracts of the cells. Resistance to 5-MT resulted in significant increases in the intracellular concentrations of tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, and proline. Resistance to A2C resulted in significant increase in proline only. Resistance to both the analogs caused increases in proline, lysine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan concentrations. In the cell line resistant to both the analogs, the treatment with 5-MT caused increases in leucine, proline, aspartate, threonine, lysine, and tryptophan. The treatment with A2C caused increases in isoleucine, arginine, threonine, methionine, lysine, and glycine, whereas treatment with both the analogs caused increases in threonine, lysine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. These results indicate the possibility of a common biosynthetic control of a number of amino acids in carrot cells, resembling that found in microorganisms. It is also evident from the results that the analogs play an active role in the biosynthesis of amino acids in the resistant cell lines.
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Jackson, Remonica, Stacy D. Brown, and Paul Lewis. "Comparative Stability of Compounded Omeprazole Suspension Versus Commercial Omeprazole Kit When Stored in Oral Syringes Under Refrigerated Conditions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7847.

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Purpose:Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used in the treatment of gastrointestinal conditions, such as gastrointestinal esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Omeprazole is often prepared as an oral suspension to accommodate certain patients. Historically, oral suspensions of omeprazole were prepared using pharmaceutical compounding with sodium bicarbonate, but a kit for preparation of omeprazole oral suspension is available, FIRST® - Omeprazole. The purpose of this project is to compare the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), omeprazole, in the FIRST® kit product to a traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension, when stored in refrigerated unit-dosed syringes. Methods: Five 100-mL batches of compounded omeprazole oral suspension (2 mg/mL) and five 300-mL kits of FIRST® - Omeprazole were prepared by a licensed pharmacist, and aliquoted into 5-mL doses in clear luer-lock plastic oral syringes, and stored at refrigerated temperature (2-8oC). Omeprazole concentration was assessed in each batch/kit on the day of preparation. Triplicate syringes from each batch/kit (n = 15 per test group per day) were removed after 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 30 days of refrigerated storage. Samples were diluted to assay concentration (1 mg/mL) in ion-free water and filtered using a 0.22-micron microcentrifuge filter tube. Samples were analyzed for omeprazole recovery using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method. Recovery was quantitatively assessed by comparing sample peak area to a freshly prepared calibration curve (1 – 0.125 mg/mL) using United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) reference standard on each day of sampling. Refrigerator temperatures were recorded daily using a digital thermometer. Results:Stability was defined as recovery of 90 - 110% of initial concentration of API. For the FIRST® - Omeprazole samples, the chemical potency remained within this window for the entire study period of 30 days. The compounded omeprazole suspension demonstrated a less than 90% average recovery at the day 21 sample. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in the initial concentration was detected on the day of compounding (p = 0.0244), with the compounded omeprazole starting at 1.89 ± 0.10 mg/mL and the FIRST® - Omeprazole at 1.98 ± 0.04 mg/mL. After 30 days, the compounded omeprazole suspension had an 89.13% average API recovery (standard deviation; ± 5.17%) and the FIRST® - Omeprazole 97.20% API recovery (± 3.59%). Conclusion:Both traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension (2mg/mL) and FIRST® - Omeprazole suspension (2mg/mL) may be stored in clear luer-lock oral syringes under refrigeration for 14 days, and retain potency between 90 to 110% based on initial concentration. Furthermore, the FIRST® - Omeprazole suspension can be stored for the duration of the product’s beyond-use date of 30 days and retain potency between 90 to 110% of initial concentration or label claim. Finally, the data suggest that API concentration in FIRST® - Omeprazole suspension is more consistent from batch to batch than traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension.
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Roland, David. "Impact of Growth Conditions, pH, and Suspension Time on Toxin Release from Microcystis Aeruginosa Upon Exposure to Potassium Permanganate." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1543922931806964.

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Bissinger, Thomas [Verfasser], and Udo [Gutachter] Reichl. "Evaluation of MDCK suspension cell lines for influenza A virus production : media, metabolism, and process conditions / Thomas Bissinger ; Gutachter: Udo Reichl." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1225863376/34.

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Chabaud, Thierry. "Comportement vibroacoustique des plaques multicouches hétérogènes à conditions de suspension et d'interface élastiques : application au cas de la porte TGV duplex." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0062.

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Le monde du transport doit faire face à des réglementations de plus en plus sévères qui placent au premier rang des domaines jusqu'alors considérés comme secondaires. A ce titre, le confort acoustique des voyageurs est devenu un critère essentiel, reflet de la qualité des moyens de transport. Le présent travail trouve son origine dans ce contexte précis et plus particulièrement dans la volonté de la société FAIVELEY TRANSPORT, équipementier ferroviaire, d'améliorer le comportement acoustique de ses produits. Le but de cette étude est la compréhension des phénomènes physiques intervenant lors de la transmission du son, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur, à travers les ouvertures des véhicules de transport. Les portes d'accès voyageurs des trains constituent l'application première de ces travaux. Le domaine considéré est le domaine des basses fréquences [0 - 500 Hz]. L'objectif final est une réduction notable du bruit transmis en vue d'une amélioration du confort des passagers à l'intérieur des véhicules. Pour y parvenir, nous avons développé un modèle basé sur une approche analytique intégro-modale associée à une technique de Rayleigh-Ritz. L'originalité de cette étude est la modélisation fine de la structure vibrante, qui prend en compte les caractères multicouche, hétérogène ainsi que des conditions de liaison complexes (conditions de liaison élastiques, reprises d'efforts ponctuelles). Le modèle développé a servi de base à un logiciel de type avant projet VANTAIL, capable de mettre en évidence, grâce à une étude paramétrée, la contribution des différents éléments de la structure vibrante dans le comportement vibroacoustique de l'ensemble. Une étude expérimentale, menée sur une structure industrielle (porte d'accès voyageurs TGV Duplex), a permis de valider en partie notre logiciel, d'en cerner certaines limites et enfin de valider l'efficacité des traitements acoustiques définis
Mass Transit has to meet specifications of increasing difficulty which put in the forefront areas which were before considered as secondary. In particular, passenger’s acoustic comfort has become a major criterion, reflecting the requirements for quality transportation. The present work has its origin in this specific context and more especially in the intention of FAIVELEY TRANSPORT, a Railway equipment supplier, to improve the acoustic behaviour of its products. The aim of this study is the comprehension of the physical phenomena of the noise transmission through the doors of the transport vehicles, from outside to inside. The Railway access doors are the main application of this work. The considered frequency range is low frequencies below 500 Hz. The final objective is to notably reduce the transmitted noise in order to improve the passengers acoustic comfort inside the transport vehicles. To do this, we developed a model based on an analytical integra-modal approach, associated with a Rayleigh-Ritz approximation. The original aspect of this work is to develop a model of a vibrating structure which take into account its multilayered and heterogeneous aspects and its complex boundary and interface conditions (linear and punctual elastic stiffness). This model is the basis of a specifie software for preliminary design studies (VANTAIL) which is able to indicate, with a parametric study, the contribution of each different part of the doors to the global vibroacoustic behaviour. An experimental study on an industrial structure (the access door of the double deck French high speed train) permits us to validate the developed software to define its limits and to validate the proposed vibroacoustic treatments
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Massalha, Manal. "In suspension : the denial of the rights of the city for Palestinians in Israel and its effects on their socio-economic, cultural and political formation : the case of Umm Al-Fahem." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3351/.

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This thesis is concerned with the absence of substantive, functioning Palestinian cities, and of Palestinian urbanisation and urbanism in Israel. Framed and guided by conceptions of the city and public space, their potentialities, the possibilities they allow, and the challenges they pose to the state, the thesis using Umm al-Fahem as a case study seeks to investigate the Palestinian city in Israel, its materiality, the semiotics of its public space and socio-spatiality, and to deconstruct the historical, structural, political and social forces that shape its (un)making. Employing mixed qualitative methods of ethnography, photography, archival research, historical, sociological and discourse analysis, the thesis questions and deconstructs the nominal status of the city of Umm al-Fahem, the first Palestinian village to earn the official status of a city in Israel. It considers how to conceptualise Palestinian cities inside Israel and aims to give answers to questions such as: what can be made of Palestinian cities inside Israel? What kind of spatial configurations and arrangements are being formed and why? What kind of socio-political and cultural order is being formed and why? How does the city respond under (post)colonial conditions? Can there be a functioning Palestinian city and a fulfilment of the right to the city under (post)colonial conditions? Umm al-Fahem, the subject and object of research, suggests that the process unfolding is one of absenting the Palestinian city, depriving Palestinian citizens of the right to the city, and producing domesticated, suspended, fragmented city and citizens. The production and mastery of space is used as a technology of control to achieve this, and forms part of a governmentality project whose underlying objective is the management of Palestinians.
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Zheng, Xian Zhong. "Étude expérimentale des conditions d'envasement des estuaires et des chenaux de navigation : modification des caractéristiques des vases en fonction des actions hydrodynamiques." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112319.

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Cette thèse comporte une étude expérimentale sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des vases, les propriétés rhéologiques des vases tant en laboratoire qu'en nature, les lois de tassement et les comportements des sédiments fins cohésifs sous l'action des courants. Les propriétés physico-chimiques des vases (Granulométrie, Minéralogie, Vitesse de chute…) varient beaucoup selon l'origine des sédiments. L'étude des propriétés rhéologiques des vases en laboratoire montre l'influence des différents paramètres (concentration en sédiment sec, pourcentage de sable, salinité, temps de repos, teneur en matières organiques…) sur la rigidité initiale et la viscosité. Les mesures faites en nature avec les sondes SR-10 et SD-105 apportent des éléments fondamentaux pour améliorer la connaissance de la profondeur navigable dans un chenal envasé. Après une étude complète sur le tassement de la Craie du Boulonnais (influence de la hauteur initiale, de la concentration initiale, de la salinité et de la condition d'immersion), nous avons réalisé des essais en canal sur la mise en suspension des vases. Dans une gamme des concentrations comprises entre 228g/l et 668g/l, il existe deux domaines de transport. Dans le domaine des vases plastiques, on a pu définir une relation générale entre le débit solide transporté et les forces tractrices et elle s'écrit : Qs=M (To-Tc) 3/2
The aim of this thesis is to develop an experimental study on muds physicochemical and rheological properties as well in laboratory as in nature, on the laws of compaction and on the behaviour of fine cohesive sediments under the action of currents. The physiochemical properties of muds (Granulometry, Minéralogie, settling velocity. . . ) is much variable. Acording to the origine of the sediments. The study of mud rheologic properties in laboratory shows the influence of different parameters (concentration of dry sediment, percentage of sand, salinity, time of rest, content of organic matter. . . ) on yield value and viscosity. In situ surveys made with the probes SR-10 and SD-105 provide the fundamental elements in order to improve the knowledge of navigable depths in a choked up muddy channel. After a complete study on compaction of the Boulonnais chalk (influence of the starting height, of the starting concentration, of the salinity and of the permanence of a water bed above the mud), we realized an experience in a canal on backsetting of the mud suspension. In the scale of concentrations between 228g/L and 668 g/L, there are two domains of transport. In the domain of plastics muds, a general relation between solid discharge and tractive force is defined and reads : Qs=M (To-Tc) 3/2
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Books on the topic "Suspension conditions"

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Davis, Edward. Suspension of budget enforcement procedures in the event of low economic growth. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.

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Davis, Edward. Suspension of budget enforcement procedures in the event of low economic growth. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.

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Noles, William E. Dedication of the St. Johns Suspension Bridge: 80th anniversary issue : commemorating the dedication of the St. Johns Suspension Bridge as an event of the Portland Rose Festival, Saturday, June 13, 1931. [Albany, Or: William E. Noles Sr.], 2011.

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Juerg, Christen, Gaehwiler Franz, and Helvetas, Schweizer Aufbauwerk für Entwicklungsländer., eds. Trail bridge building in the Himalayas: Enhanced access, improved livelihoods. Zürich, Switzerland: Helvetas, Swiss Association for International Cooperation, 2007.

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Division, Canada Solicitor General Canada Research. The suspension and revocation of conditional release: Executive summary. Ottawa: Solicitor General Canada, 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Conditions on suspension of road construction activities in roadless areas of National Forest System: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 3297) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Conditions on suspension of road construction activities in roadless areas of National Forest System: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 3297) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Conditions on suspension of road construction activities in roadless areas of National Forest System: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 3297) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Motiuk, Laurence L. Survival time until suspension for sex offenders on conditional release. Ottawa, Ont: Correctional Service Canada, Communications and Corporate Development, 1993.

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Maluf, Carlos Alberto Dabus. As condições no direito civil: Potestativa, impossível, suspensiva, resolutiva. 2nd ed. São Paulo, SP: Forense, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Suspension conditions"

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Merten, Otto-Wilhelm, Wilfried A. M. Bakker, Jürgen Vorlop, Manfred Reiter, Gabriel Visnovsky, Volker Jäger, Maia Merabishvili, and Uda Reichl. "Virus Production Under Suspension Conditions." In Industrial Scale Suspension Culture of Living Cells, 503–54. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683321.ch14.

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Kovar, Karin, Pavel Přibyl, and Markus Wyss. "Microalgae Grown under Heterotrophic and Mixotrophic Conditions." In Industrial Scale Suspension Culture of Living Cells, 164–85. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683321.ch04.

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Imseng, Nicole, Stefan Schillberg, Cornelia Schürch, Daniel Schmid, Kai Schütte, Gilbert Gorr, Dieter Eibl, and Regine Eibl. "Suspension Culture of Plant Cells Under Heterotrophic Conditions." In Industrial Scale Suspension Culture of Living Cells, 224–58. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683321.ch07.

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Niederkrüger, Holger, Paulina Dabrowska-Schlepp, and Andreas Schaaf. "Suspension Culture of Plant Cells Under Phototrophic Conditions." In Industrial Scale Suspension Culture of Living Cells, 259–92. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683321.ch08.

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Bergmann, Peter, Astrid Nissen, Lars Beyer, Peter Ripplinger, and Walter Trösch. "Suspension Culture of Microorganisms (Algae and Cyanobacteria) Under Phototrophic Conditions." In Industrial Scale Suspension Culture of Living Cells, 198–223. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527683321.ch06.

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Jen, C. J., S. J. Hu, H. J. Wu, T. S. Lin, and C. W. Mao. "Platelet-Fibrin Interaction in the Suspension and under Flow Conditions." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 277–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3806-6_29.

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Singh, Arvinder, Harkirat Singh, Ishbir Singh, Sachin Kalsi, and V. H. Saran. "Effect of Variant Seat Suspension Systems on Human Subject in Agricultural Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 869–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8025-3_82.

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Haddar, Maroua, Fathi Djmal, Riadh Chaari, S. Caglar Baslamisli, Fakher Chaari, and Mohamed Haddar. "Adaptive On-Line Estimation of Road Profile in Semi-active Suspension." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 144–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85584-0_15.

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Ben Hassen, Dorra, Mariem Miladi, Mohamed Slim Abbes, S. Caglar Baslamisli, Fakher Chaari, and Mohamed Haddar. "Effect of Non-linear Suspension on the Recognition of the Road Disturbance." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 65–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85584-0_7.

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Maciejewski, Igor, and Tomasz Krzyżyński. "Computational Method for Evaluating the Vibro-Isolation Properties of Suspension Systems Used in Working Machines." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 395–405. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62042-8_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Suspension conditions"

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Sankar, Seshadri, James Alanoly, Denis Germain, and Bertrand Mallette. "Snowmobile Suspension System Design Under University-Industry Collaboration." In 1989 Subzero Engineering Conditions Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890026.

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Fedotov, A. I., N. Y. Kuznetsov, A. V. Lysenko, and V. G. Vlasov. "Car suspension system monitoring under road conditions." In MECHANICS, RESOURCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (MRDMS-2017): Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mechanics, Resource and Diagnostics of Materials and Structures. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5017362.

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de Godoy José, Gustavo, Mauro Rebelatto, Rui Gustavo Lippert Schwanke, and Telmo Roberto Strohaecker. "Vibration Frequencies and Vertical Acceleration Levels Assessment on a Truck Trailer Chassis Considering Various Types of Pavement and Load Conditions." In 9th SAE Brasil International Suspension and Trailer Colloquium & Engneering Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-36-0067.

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Poletkin, Kirill. "A Micromachined Contactless Suspension With Zero Spring Constant." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86465.

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In this paper, a micromachined contactless suspension with a zero spring constant that provides possibility to significantly increasing sensitivity of micromachined sensors is studied. Minimization of the spring constant of the contactless suspension is achieved by combining inductive and electric contactless suspensions. In particular, the conditions required to eliminate the spring constant of the suspension and achieve stable levitation of the disk shaped proof mass are obtained based on the analysis of developed mathematical model of the suspension. It is shown that such a suspension can be developed in principle.
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Schreiber, Patricia, and Nicholas Wilson. "Mathematical Simulation of Air Suspension Failure and Derailment." In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42016.

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Air suspensions are a commonly used component of modern transit and passenger vehicle suspensions. New vehicle performance specifications usually require testing and analyses with the air suspension inflated and also deflated. However, the tests and analyses usually do not include the dynamic effects that may occur at the instant of deflation. Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) recently investigated a revenue service flange climb derailment for a large North American transit system. The derailment occurred on the diverging route of a No. 10 turnout. Initial investigation by the transit system did not identify any track or equipment that showed significant deviations from their normal practices; no obvious cause for the derailment was identified, although the air suspension had been deflated after the derailment. To assist in determining potential contributing factors for the derailment, TTCI conducted NUCARS® simulations of the car negotiating the turnout, using these parameters: • Vehicle dynamic response to local track geometry conditions, including motions of the air suspension; • Sudden deflation of the air suspension; • Wheel and rail profiles. This paper presents the methods used to represent sudden component failures in the NUCARS simulations, including the air suspension deflation. The simulation results show how the sudden deflation of the air suspension combined with local track geometry and wheel/rail contact conditions could contribute to a flange climb derailment.
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Lin, S. H., C. G. Cheng, C. Y. Liao, J. M. Chang, and Y. M. Wu. "Experiments and CAE Analyses for Suspension under Durability Road Load Conditions." In SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1624.

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Gong-Xue, Zhang, and Bai Yuan. "Structural strength analysis and optimum of suspension under typical working conditions." In 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8243466.

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Mayton, Alan G., Joseph P. DuCarme, Christopher C. Jobes, and Timothy J. Matty. "Laboratory Investigation of Seat Suspension Performance During Vibration Testing." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14146.

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Mining injury statistics show that a significant number of back, neck, and head injuries are linked to exposure from vehicle vibration. Use of a suspension seat is a common way to isolate the vehicle operator from the adverse effects of vibration exposure. Thus, researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health1 - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (NIOSH - PRL) performed laboratory studies on four passive and two semi-active seat suspension designs. These are typical of seat suspensions commonly found on large off-road heavy surface mining, construction and agricultural vehicles as either replacement or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) systems. One included a pneumatic (air bladder) spring mechanism. The fifth and sixth suspensions were a NIOSH magnetorheological (MR) semi-active damper design based on the pneumatic (air bladder) and one of the coil spring suspensions above. These suspensions were modified with a commercially available MR damper substituted for the OEM damper. These six seat suspension systems were tested and analyzed, for vertical vibration only, using the ISO 5007 Standard [1]. This paper describes the laboratory vibration tests using a MTS® shaker table and discusses the results obtained for the different suspension designs and highlights the rheonetic technology studied. Implications of the seat suspension designs relative to their capabilities for isolating vehicle operators from vibration exposure are discussed. Results for suspensions 1 through 3 showed frequencies of isolation from 2.1 to 3.0 Hz using the 40-kg (88-lb) mass and from 1.65 Hz to 1.8 Hz using the 80-kg (176-lb) mass. Suspension #4, in tests with only the 80-kg (176-lb) mass, showed an isolation frequency of 3.7 Hz. With the MR damper added to seat suspension #4, the peak transmissibility was lowered from 1.3 to 0.95 and showed a corresponding downward shift in frequency from 2.25 Hz to 1.4 Hz. In fact, the results for suspension #5 (the MR damper added to seat suspension #4), using test #3 conditions of the programmed control algorithm, showed isolation (attenuation of transmitted vibration) throughout the test frequency range from 1.0 to 6.0 Hz.
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Soleymani, Mehdi, Morteza Montazeri-Gh, and Reza Amiryan. "Adaptive Fuzzy Controller for Active Suspension System based on the Traffic Conditions." In Artificial Intelligence and Applications / Modelling, Identification, and Control. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.718-014.

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Kumar, A. Vanav, L. Jino, M. Berlin, and Prases Kumar Mohanty. "Magnetic field effect on nanofluid suspension cavity by non-uniform boundary conditions." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE - 12TH EURECA 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5120205.

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Reports on the topic "Suspension conditions"

1

Mihelcic, J. R., and R. G. Luthy. Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under denitrification conditions in soil-water suspensions: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5870632.

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Avnimelech, Yoram, Richard C. Stehouwer, and Jon Chorover. Use of Composted Waste Materials for Enhanced Ca Migration and Exchange in Sodic Soils and Acidic Minespoils. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575291.bard.

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Restoration of degraded lands and the development of beneficial uses for waste products are important challenges facing our society. In addition there is a need to find useful and environmentally friendly applications for the organic fractions of municipal and other solid waste. Recent studies have shown that composted wastes combined with gypsum or gypsum-containing flue gas desulfurization by-products enhance restoration of sodic soils and acidic minespoils. The mechanism by which this synergistic effect occurs in systems at opposite pH extremes appears to involve enhanced Ca migration and exchange. Our original research objectives were to (1) identify and quantify the active compost components involved in Ca transport, (2) determine the relative affinity of the compost components for Ca and competing metals in the two soil/spoil systems, (3) determine the efficacy of the compost components in Ca transport to subjacent soil and subsequent exchange with native soil cations, and (4) assess the impacts of compost enhanced Ca transport on soil properties and plant growth. Acidic mine spoils: During the course of the project the focus for objective (1) and (2) shifted more towards developing and evaluating methods to appropriately quantify Ca2+ and Al3+ binding to compost derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). It could be shown that calcium complexation by sewage sludge compost derived DOM did not significantly change during the composting process. A method for studying Al3+ binding to DOM was successfully developed and should allow future insight into DOM-Al3+ interactions in general. Laboratory column experiments as well as greenhouse experiments showed that in very acidic mine spoil material mineral dissolution controls solution Al3+ concentration as opposed to exchange with Ca2+. Therefore compost appeared to have no effect on Al3+ and Ca2+ mobility and did not affect subsoil acidity. Sodic alkaline soils: Batch experiments with Na+ saturated cation exchange resins as a model for sodic soils showed that compost home cations exchanged readily with Na+. Unlike filtered compost extracts, unfiltered compost suspensions also significantly increased Ca2+ release from CaCO3. Soil lysimeter experiments demonstrated a clear impact of compost on structural improvement in sodic alkaline soils. Young compost had faster, clearer and longer lasting effects on soil physical and chemical properties than mature compost. Even after 2 growing seasons differences could still be observed. Compost increased Ca2+ concentration in soil solution and solubility of pedogenic CaCO3 that is highly insoluble under alkaline conditions. The solubilized Ca2+ efficiently exchanged Na+ in the compost treated soils and thus greatly improved the soil structure.
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Tire Experimental Characterization Using Contactless Measurement Methods. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-1114.

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In the frame of automotive Noise Vibration and Harshness (NVH) evaluation, inner cabin noise is among the most important indicators. The main noise contributors can be identified in engine, suspensions, tires, powertrain, brake system, etc. With the advent of E-vehicles and the consequent absence of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), tire/road noise has gained more importance, particularly at mid-speed driving and in the spectrum up to 300 Hz. At the state of the art, the identification and characterization of Noise and Vibration sources rely on pointwise sensors (microphones, accelerometers, strain gauges). Optical methods such as Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) have recently received special attention in the NVH field because they can be used to obtain full-field measurements. Moreover, these same techniques could also allow to characterize the tire behavior in operating conditions, which would be practically impossible to derive with standard techniques. In this paper we will demonstrate how non-contact full-field measurement techniques can be used to reliably and robustly characterize the tire behavior up to 300 Hz, focusing on static conditions. Experimental modal analysis will extract the modal characteristic of the tire in both free-free and statically preloaded boundary conditions, using both DIC and LDV. The extracted natural frequencies, damping ratios and full-field mode shapes will be used on one side to improve the accuracy of tire models (either by deriving FRF based models or updating FE ones) but also as a reference for future investigation on the tire behavior characterization in rotating conditions.
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