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Journal articles on the topic 'Suspension geometry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Kao, M. J., C. C. Yu, H. Chang, T. T. Tsung, and H. M. Lin. "Suspension Geometry Measuring." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 48 (October 1, 2006): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/48/1/047.

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2

Lee, Un Koo. "Active Geometry Control Suspension." ATZ worldwide 112, no. 11 (November 2010): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03225054.

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3

Lee, Un Koo. "Active Geometry Control Suspension." ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 111, no. 2 (February 2009): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03222049.

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4

Bo, Win, Khin Maung Zaw, and Kyaw Kyaw. "Investigation on the Existing Geometry of Pathein Suspension Bridge." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18436.

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5

Sharp, R. S. "Variable geometry active suspension for cars." Computing & Control Engineering Journal 9, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cce:19980505.

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6

Belkhode, P. N., P. V. Washimkar, and M. S. Dhande. "Predication of Steering Geometry of Front Suspension using Experimental Data Based Model." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2, no. 6 (2010): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2010.v2.179.

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7

Nurdin, Irwan, Idris Yaacob Iskandar, M. Rafie Johan, and Bee Chin Ang. "Characterization and Stability Monitoring of Maghemite Nanoparticle Suspensions." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.398.

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Maghemite nanoparticle suspensions were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by a variety of techniques including XRD, TEM, magnetic measurement, DLS, and zeta potential. The stability of the suspension was monitored by measuring the particle size distribution using DLS over a period of two months. The diffraction pattern from XRD measurement confirmed that the particles were maghemite with an average crystallite size of 9.4 nm. TEM observations and analyses showed that the geometry of maghemite nanoparticles were nearly spherical with a mean physical diameter of 9.9 nm. The maghemite nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization value of 32.20 emu/g. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the suspension remained unchanged after two months which indicated no formation of aggregation. The hydrodynamic diameters recorded were 45.1 nm and 48.4 nm, respectively. Additionally, lack of sedimentation indicated that the suspension was stable. The suspension’s zeta potential values were 41.5 mV and 40.4 mV for as synthesized and after two month of storage respectively.

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8

Klein, J., R. Schwänzl, and R. M. Vogt. "Comultiplication and suspension." Topology and its Applications 77, no. 1 (May 1997): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-8641(96)00103-4.

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9

Strickland, Neil P. "Chains on suspension spectra." Algebraic & Geometric Topology 9, no. 3 (September 2, 2009): 1681–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/agt.2009.9.1681.

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10

Lee, S. H., U. K. Lee, and C. S. Han. "Enhancement of vehicle handling characteristics by suspension kinematic control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011525584.

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In this paper, the enhancement of vehicle handling characteristics through the active kinematic control system (AKCS) is investigated. AKCS can improve the stability and ride comfort of a vehicle by automatically controlling suspension geometry in accordance with the running conditions of a vehicle. The variable roll centre suspension concept in a McPherson strut suspension is proposed, and lateral acceleration feedback control is derived to calculate the control input. The independent rear wheel steering system, which controls both rear wheels independently and actively, is also proposed. To achieve this, three suggested positions for controlling the suspension geometry are considered. The first position is between the mounting point of the lower arm of a McPherson front suspension and the vehicle body. The second position is between the mounting point of the strut and the vehicle body. The third position is between the mounting point of the lateral link of the multilink rear suspension and the vehicle body. In order to evaluate the handling performance, a 15 degrees of freedom full vehicle model is constructed using the commercial multibody analysis program ADAMS. The control inputs for integrated control of the front and rear suspensions are defined, and roll centre migration and vehicle behaviour are investigated. In step steering and double lane change manoeuvres, the simulation results demonstrate that integrated kinematic control can adjust the roll centre migration, by which the handling characteristics of the AKCS vehicle such as roll angle, lateral acceleration and yaw rate are much improved.

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11

Rithvick, M. Sai. "Improved Vehicle Dynamics with Development in Suspension Geometry." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.32203.

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12

Kharwandikar, Saurabh. "Designing and Selection of Suspension Geometry and Shocks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.10114.

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13

Németh, Balázs, and Péter Gáspár. "Challenges and Possibilities in Variable Geometry Suspension Systems." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 40, no. 2 (2012): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pp.tr.2012-2.07.

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14

Wu, J., Y. Zhu, and L. Pullum. "Impeller Geometry Effect on Velocity and Solids Suspension." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 79, no. 8 (November 2001): 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/02638760152721857.

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15

Arana, Carlos, Simos A. Evangelou, and Daniele Dini. "Series Active Variable Geometry Suspension for Road Vehicles." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 20, no. 1 (February 2015): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2014.2324013.

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16

Sun, Y. Q., and C. Cole. "Comprehensive wagon-track modelling for simulation of three-piece bogie suspension dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes434.

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A wagon-track dynamics interaction model has been developed to investigate the dynamics of suspensions with friction wedge dampers that are widely used in three-piece bogie wagons in Australia. The wagon is modelled using 66 degrees-of-freedom, accounting for the three-dimensional movements of all wagon components. The mass of the wedge has also been modelled. The track is modelled with rails as Timoshenko beams and discretely supported by the spring and damper elements representing the elasticity of pads, fasteners, and ballast. An assumed track geometry irregularity, i.e. top surface profile, is used for the analysis of suspension dynamics. The simulation results of the wagon-track dynamics interaction model have been compared with those from a VAMPIRE model. The VAMPIRE model uses the normal user level approaches without special subroutine development. Effects of the wedge friction conditions and the effect of track geometry irregularity have been investigated for the better understanding of dynamic performance of three-piece bogie suspensions.

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17

Majji, Madhu V., Sanjoy Banerjee, and Jeffrey F. Morris. "Inertial flow transitions of a suspension in Taylor–Couette geometry." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 835 (November 28, 2017): 936–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.754.

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Experiments on the inertial flow transitions of a particle–fluid suspension in the concentric cylinder (Taylor–Couette) flow with rotating inner cylinder and stationary outer cylinder are reported. The radius ratio of the apparatus was $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}=d_{i}/d_{o}=0.877$, where $d_{i}$ and $d_{o}$ are the diameters of inner and outer cylinders. The ratio of the axial length to the radial gap of the annulus $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}=L/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}=20.5$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}=(d_{o}-d_{i})/2$. The suspensions are formed of non-Brownian particles of equal density to the suspending fluid, of two sizes such that the ratio of annular gap to the mean particle diameter $d_{p}$ was either $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/d_{p}=30$ or $100$. For the experiments with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=100$, the particle volume fraction was $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.10$ and for the experiments with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=30$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ was varied over $0\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\leqslant 0.30$. The focus of the work is on determining the influence of particle loading and size on inertial flow transitions. The primary effects of the particles were a reduction of the maximum Reynolds number for the circular Couette flow (CCF) and several non-axisymmetric flow states not seen for a pure fluid with only inner cylinder rotation; here the Reynolds number is $Re=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}d_{i}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}/2\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{s}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$ is the rotation rate of the inner cylinder and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{s}$ are the density and effective viscosity of the suspension. For purposes of maintaining uniform particle distribution, the rotation rate of the inner cylinder (or $Re$) was decreased slowly from a state other than CCF to probe the transitions. When $Re$ was decreased, pure fluid transitions from wavy Taylor vortex flow (WTV) to Taylor vortex flow (TVF) to CCF occurred. The suspension transitions differed. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=30$ and $0.05\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\leqslant 0.15$, with reduction of $Re$, additional non-axisymmetric flow states, namely spiral vortex flow (SVF) and ribbons (RIB), were observed between TVF and CCF. At $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.30$, the flow transitions observed were only non-axisymmetric: from wavy spiral vortices (WSV) to SVF to CCF. The values of $Re$ corresponding to each flow transition were observed to reduce with increase in particle loading for $0\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\leqslant 0.30$, with the initial transition away from CCF, for example, occurring at $Re\approx 120$ for the pure fluid and $Re\approx 75$ for the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.30$ suspension. When the particle size was reduced to yield $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=100$, at $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.10$, only the RIB (and no SVF) was observed between TVF and CCF.

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18

Illingworth, R. "The Role of Theoretical Prediction Methods in the Design of Railway Vehicle Suspensions and Track Geometry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 200, no. 1 (January 1986): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_160_02.

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The principal aspects of suspension performance which usually appear in rolling stock specifications are reviewed, the theoretical methods in common use are described and some examples of their application in design are given. The general state of the art of vehicle mechanics as applied to railway suspensions is discussed and some areas where there is a need for further understanding and improved design procedures are indicated.

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19

Kan’o, Masashi, Mitsuhiro Kudo, Mitsuhiro Yamane, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Shuji Yamamoto, and Ahmet elikkuran. "Izmit Bay Suspension Bridge – Geometry Control during Tower Erection." IABSE Symposium Report 104, no. 26 (May 13, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137815815774377.

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20

Bonera, Emanuele, Marco Gadola, Daniel Chindamo, Stefano Morbioli, and Paolo Magri. "On the Influence of Suspension Geometry on Steering Feedback." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 4297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124297.

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Feedback through the steering wheel is known as the most important source of information to the driver. The so-called steering feeling, composed of self-aligning actions coming from tyres and suspension geometry all the way through mechanical linkages to the driver’s hands, provides vital communication for intuitive driving, and it is therefore utterly important for safety and for a pleasant driving experience as well. Subtle forces and vibrations, due to the interaction between the tyre contact patch and the road surface texture, also play a role, provided they are not heavily filtered or cancelled by the power steering system. Human perception is guided by experience in order to establish correlations between steering feedback and vehicle motion in terms of straight-line stability, cornering speed, tyre adhesion and available friction, vehicle balance, and so on. A front-wheel drive car is potentially a critical vehicle from this point of view, especially when the powertrain can deliver large torque figures, and even more so if a limited-slip differential (LSD) or a similar active device is present in order to improve traction capabilities. Any difference between the two wheels in terms of tractive force can result into the so-called torque steer issue, that is to say, a “pulling” sensation on the steering wheel or a shifting of the vehicle from the desired trajectory. This paper analyses the torque steer phenomenon on an all-wheel-drive, full electric sportscar where a significant portion of the torque is transferred to the front axle. The effects of suspension kinematics and the load variation at tyre contact patch level are taken into account. For evaluating the impact of steering feedback, the VI-grade® simulation software is adopted and a test campaign on the professional driving simulator available at the University of Brescia has been carried out in order to understand the impact of steering feedback on driver perception and performance.

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21

Németh, Balázs, and Peter Gáspár. "Set-based analysis of the variable-geometry suspension system." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 47, no. 3 (2014): 11201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01928.

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22

McGill, Preston B., and George E. Ramey. "Effect of Suspension Clamp Geometry on Transmission Line Fatigue." Journal of Energy Engineering 112, no. 3 (December 1986): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9402(1986)112:3(168).

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23

MURATA, Wataru, Hiroki WATANABE, Yukinari TANAKA, and Taichi SHIIBA. "0226 Effect of Suspension Geometry on Vehicle Dynamic Characteristics." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2007.7 (2007): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2007.7.0_63.

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24

Arana, Carlos, Simos A. Evangelou, and Daniele Dini. "Series Active Variable Geometry Suspension application to comfort enhancement." Control Engineering Practice 59 (February 2017): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2016.11.011.

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25

Jarosław Gonera, Jerzy Napiórkowski, and Kamil Ciborowski. "Influence of the Load Distribution And Sizes on the Wheel Geometry in Passenger Cars." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): B1—B12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.1.b1-b12.

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This paper discusses impact of changes in the load size and distribution in passenger cars on geometry of the suspension and steering systems. It was found to have a major impact on the road safety. The research was carried out with the four most popular suspension system designs used in modern passenger cars, i.e. multi-link suspension on both front and rear axles, only on the front axle, only on the rear axle and a simple suspension design for both front and rear axles. Eight load variants were used for the tests. Changes in the following wheel geometry parameters were identified: toe-in and camber angles of all the wheels and castors for the front wheels. The numerical relationships were determined between the load distribution and sizes and changes in suspension and steering systems in passenger cars. It was found that cars with multi-link suspension in both front and rear axles adapt best to changes in weight and load distribution.

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26

Vandembroucq, Lucile. "Fibrewise suspension and Lusternik–Schnirelmann category." Topology 41, no. 6 (November 2002): 1239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-9383(02)00007-1.

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27

Anaya, José G., Enrique Castañeda-Alvarado, and Alejandro Fuentes-Montes de Oca. "Making holes in the hyperspace suspension." Topology and its Applications 265 (September 2019): 106816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2019.106816.

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28

Pozrikidis, C. "On the transient motion of ordered suspensions of liquid drops." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 246 (January 1993): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093000138.

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The transient motion of ordered suspensions of liquid drops, initially arranged on a cubic lattice, is studied as a model of suspension rheology. An asymptotic three-term expansion for the effective stress tensor of a dilute suspension of spherical drops is derived based on the Faxén law for the stresslet. Comparisons with available exact results for cubic lattices suggests that the expansion is remarkably accurate even at concentrations close to maximum packing. The behaviour of suspensions with recurrent structure evolving under the influence of a simple shear flow is investigated, and the results show that the time-averaged behaviour may differ substantially from the instantaneous behaviour. Transient normal stress differences may vanish in the mean, but make appreciable contributions to the instantaneous dynamics. The effect of particle deformation is assessed by numerically computing the motion of initially spherical drops arranged on a cubic lattice. At large times, the suspension is shown to exhibit periodic motions in which the drops oscillate about a mean shape with a phase shift which depends on the geometry of the lattice and the physical properties of the fluids. It is shown that drop deformations cause shear thinning and some type of elastic behaviour, and may lower the effective viscosity of the suspension below that corresponding to the dilute limit.

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29

Козлов, Г. В., and И. В. Долбин. "Физико-химический анализ структуры и свойств нанокомпозитов полимер/углеродные нанотрубки, полученных из раствора." Журнал технической физики 91, no. 8 (2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.08.51099.17-21.

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The structural (fractal) model, applied earlier for polymer solutions, was used for description of viscosity of aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes. The indicated model treates adequately the dependence of suspension viscosity on concentration of carbon nanotubes. At reaching of percolation theshold of this nanofiller a sharp growth of viscosity of aqueous suspensions is observed. The model reflects adequately also the dependence of viscosity on geometry of carbon nanotubes. A knowledge of nanofiller structure, characterizing by its fractal dimension, allows to predict reinforcement degree of solid-state polymer nanocomposites.

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30

Xu, Jin Hui, Biao Wang, Li Wang, and Ping Wang. "Evaluation of Track Geometry on a Long Span Steel Trussed Cable-Stayed Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1403.

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In order to investigate the track geometry on a long span steel trussed cable-stayed bridge, in this paper, a plane model is built include suspension cable, pylons, floating system and so on based on FEM to calculate the track geometry under temperature load, wind load and train load. Then evaluate the track geometry from the aspects of line profile and track static geometry size deviation. The result shows that the track geometry indicators like vertical curve radius, gradients and static geometric deviation under temperature load and wind load are better than the indicators under train load. The maximum values of track geometry indicators are all appeared in the bridge piers, mainly because the support stiffness is great different between in the bridge pier and in the mid-span cross-section. It is suggested that the flexibility of piers should be appropriate increased to reduce the support stiffness mutation.

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31

Niskanen, Ilpo, Viviane Forsberg, Daniel Zakrisson, Birgitta A. Engberg, Rauno Heikkilä, and Göran Thungström. "Determination of relative solids concentration in homogeneous dual component pulp-filler suspension by multi-spectrophotometer." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-0058.

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AbstractThe concentration of fibers and fillers in the pulp suspension is an important parameter in the monitoring process. This paper proposes a versatile optical measurement system to estimate the concentration of a solids mixture in water. The geometry used in a multi-spectrophotometer (MSM) enables the controlled observation of transmission, and forward scattering light from the suspension in the UV-visible spectral range. We have developed the new fibers mixing system which gives a homogenous distribution of the fines and fillers making it possible to increase the reproducibility and accuracy of the measurement. The data analysis is based on the Beer-Lambert law and CIELAB color space equations. The results show that the proposed method is accurate for measuring the fines and filler concentrations in multicomponent suspensions.

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32

Chiou, S. S., and D. K. Miu. "Tracking Dynamics of In-line Suspensions in High-Performance Rigid Disk Drives with Rotary Actuators." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 114, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930236.

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The laser Doppler interferometric modal measurement technique is combined with finite element analysis to study the dynamics of in-line suspensions under actual operating conditions in commercially available small form factor rigid disk drives equipped with rotary actuators. It is shown that the sway mode, which is a result of in-plane bending of the load beam, is the primary source of radial slider motions and contributes significantly to off-track error. It is also shown that the initial deformed geometry of the suspension, which is determined by the boundary condition during large angle deflection and the nature of the pre-bend shape, has direct effects on the in-plane stiffness of the suspension and therefore the sway mode frequency.

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33

Escobedo, Raúl, Marı́a de Jesús López, and Sergio Macías. "On the hyperspace suspension of a continuum." Topology and its Applications 138, no. 1-3 (March 2004): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2003.08.024.

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34

Asok, Aravind, Kirsten Wickelgren, and Ben Williams. "The simplicial suspension sequence in 𝔸1 –homotopy." Geometry & Topology 21, no. 4 (May 19, 2017): 2093–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/gt.2017.21.2093.

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35

Baranowski, Pawel, Jerzy Malachowski, and Tadeusz Niezgoda. "Numerical Analysis of Vehicle Suspension System Response Subjected to Blast Wave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.728.

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This paper presents the development process of a numerical model for a terrain vehicle suspension system. Geometry of the tire and other suspension elements were achieved using reverse engineering technology. In the next step, numerical analyses of the suspension system subjected to blast wave were carried out with two different techniques, e.g. SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) method and the blast wave Conwep model.

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36

Németh, Balázs, Dániel Fényes, and Péter Gáspár. "Independent wheel steering control design based on variable-geometry suspension." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 11 (2016): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.08.063.

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37

Kiranchand, G. R., Tanushri Soni, and A. C. Mitra. "Experimental design, sensitivity analysis of steering geometry and suspension parameters." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 2 (2018): 5743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.170.

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38

Nemeth, Balazs, and Peter Gaspar. "Control Design of Variable-Geometry Suspension Considering the Construction System." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 62, no. 8 (October 2013): 4104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2263156.

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39

Minaker, Bruce, and Ronald J. Anderson. "Modelling the Dynamics of a Vehicle with Active Geometry Suspension." Vehicle System Dynamics 33, sup1 (January 1, 1999): 716–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.1999.12063124.

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40

Yu, Min, Carlos Arana, Simos A. Evangelou, and Daniele Dini. "Quarter-Car Experimental Study for Series Active Variable Geometry Suspension." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 27, no. 2 (March 2019): 743–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.2772912.

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41

Németh, Balázs, and Péter Gáspár. "Nonlinear analysis and control of a variable-geometry suspension system." Control Engineering Practice 61 (April 2017): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2016.09.015.

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42

Grünbaum, D., D. Eyre, and A. Fogelson. "Functional geometry of ciliated tentacular arrays in active suspension feeders." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 18 (September 15, 1998): 2575–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.18.2575.

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Parallel tentacular structures with lateral cilia that produce suspension-feeding and respiratory flows occur repeatedly in many diverse taxonomic groups. We use a computational hydrodynamic model of flow through ciliated tentacles to simulate flow rates through ciliated tentacle arrays. We examine the functional relationship of one performance measure, flow rate per unit length of array, to geometrical variables, such as cilia length, cilia tip speed and the gap between adjacent tentacles, and to hydrodynamic operating conditions, such as adverse pressure drops across the array. We present a scaling and interpolation scheme to estimate flow rates for a wide range of geometries that span many taxa. Our estimates of flow rate can be coupled with the hydrodynamic characteristics of biological piping systems to understand design trade-offs between components of these systems. As a case study, we apply the model to the blue mussel Mytilus edulis by investigating the effect on performance of changes in the gap between neighboring tentacles. Our model suggests that the observed gaps between tentacles in M. edulis reflect flow-maximizing geometries. Even relatively weak adverse pressure drops have strong effects on flow-maximizing geometries and flow rates. One consequence is that an intermediate range of pressure drops may be unfavorable, suggesting that animals may specialize into high-pressure and low-pressure piping systems associated with differences in organism size and with their strategy for eliminating depleted water.

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43

Sadler, J. P., H. C. Chou, and G. R. George. "On the Application of Straight-Line Linkages to Vehicle Suspension." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258985.

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Four-bar linkages which generate approximate straight-line motion are investigated for use in vehicle suspension. The particular suspension geometry studied is the beam-axle type, leading to systems with two degrees of freedom of body roll motion relative to the axle. Kinetostatic analyses of these spring-restrained systems are carried out for a number of cases involving different combinations of loads and linkage geometry. From the predicted orientation of the body relative to the axle various vehicle dynamics parameters can be calculated, including roll center location and roll stiffness. It is found that these parameters, which are normally considered constant, are functions of the suspension linkage, jounce/rebound, and roll angle. Conditions under which the linkage types produce comparable roll performance are established.

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Li, Qiang, Xiaoli Yu, and Jian Wu. "An Improved Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Spatial Locations for Double-Wishbone Type Suspension System with Time Delay." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6583908.

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By taking account of double-wishbone independent suspension with two unequal-length arms, the coordinate values of articulated geometry are based on structural limitations and constraint equations of alignment parameters. The sensitivities of front wheel alignment parameters are analyzed using the space analytic geometry method with insight module in ADAMS® software. The multiobjective optimization functions are designed to calculate the coordinate values of hardpoints with front suspension since the effect of time delay due to wheelbase can be easily obtained by vehicle speed. The K&C characteristics have been investigated using GA solutions in the simulation environment. The camber angle decreases from 1.152° to 1.05° and toe-in angle reduces from 1.036° to 0.944°. The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested optimization method is able to satisfy the suspension motion to enhance ride comfort. Experimental results, obtained by K&C test bench, also indicate that the optimized suspension can track the desired trajectory while keeping the vehicle performance in various road conditions.

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SÁNCHEZ, JORGE H., GERMÁN C. QUINTANA, and MERY E. FAJARDO. "Rheology of pulp suspensions of bleached sugarcane bagasse: Effect of consistency and temperature." TAPPI Journal 14, no. 9 (October 1, 2015): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.601.

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Rheological properties, such as yield stress and apparent viscosity, of pulp suspensions of bleached sugarcane bagasse were studied in a stress-shear rate controlled rheometer using concentric cylinders geometry. Results were statistically analyzed and presented as a function of the suspension consistency (0.5% ≤ Cm ≤ 4.0%) and temperature (20°C, 40°C, and 60°C). The yield stress was influenced by the consistency and temperature. The apparent viscosity was influenced only by the consistency. A power law model was fitted to the experimental results of yield stress. In flow tests, all the suspensions showed shear-thinning behavior, which was in agreement with the Carreau-Yasuda model.

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Macı́as, Sergio. "On the n-fold hyperspace suspension of continua." Topology and its Applications 138, no. 1-3 (March 2004): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2003.08.023.

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Chudacek, M. W. "Relationships between solids suspension criteria, mechanism of suspension, tank geometry, and scale-up parameters in stirred tanks." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 25, no. 3 (August 1986): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i100023a015.

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NAKANO, Masami, Ryuji AIZAWA, and Yoshinobu ASAKO. "STEADY AND TRANSIENT RESPONSES OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSION PASSING THROUGH A RECTANGULAR CHANNEL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 23n24 (October 30, 1996): 2965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001409.

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The steady and transient responses of ER effect of ER fluids containing sulfonated polymer particles, passing through a rectangular channel between two fixed parallel electrodes, were investigated by ensuring pressure drops across the channel in which the flow established a Poiseuille flow geometry. Effects of the types and the strength of applied electric field and the mean flow velocity on the steady response were clarified, and compared with those in a Couette flow geometry using a rotary rheometer in order to investigate the dependence of ER effects on the flow geometry. As the mean flow velocity increased, the yield stress decreased exponentially under DC voltage, while, in the case of AC voltage, gradually increased and reached a peak level and decreased thereafter. Contrastively, the yield stress measured by the rotary rheometer decreased suddenly at low shear rate, and reached almost constant level. That is, the measured yield stress depends on the flow geometry and the type of applied electric field. The measured pressure response to a step input voltage can be approximated by a first order response, and the rising time constant of ER effect depend on the compositions of ER fluids and range from 5 to 40 msec.

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Zhang, Liang, Qi Dong Wang, Li Hong Zhu, and Kai Jie Luo. "Optimization of Suspension Roll Center Height for Vehicle Handling Stability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2198.

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Suspension roll characteristics are investigated using multi-body dynamic simulation software to analyze the handling stability of a coach air suspension system. Sensitivity analysis is applied to reveal the relationship between the guide mechanism geometry and roll center height of the suspension. The locations of V-pole mounts are adjusted to obtain a lower roll center position. The results of the steering wheel angle step input and steady-state circular tests are compared. To verify the effectiveness of vehicle model. Results indicate considerable improvement in handling stability, made possible by the low roll center height of the rear suspension.

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Cioroiu, Doinita Roxana, Oana Cristina Parvulescu, Claudia Irina Koncsag, Tanase Dobre, and Cristian Raducanu. "Rheological Characterization of Algal Suspensions for Bioethanol Processing." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 10 (November 15, 2017): 2311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.10.5875.

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The paper has aimed at studying the rheology of macroalgae aqueous suspensions in the presence of cellulase enzyme relevant to bioethanol processing by a subsequent fermentation. Rheological measurements of aqueous suspensions of Ceramium virgatum and Cladophora vagabunda macroalgae species were performed using a Couette geometry rotational viscosimeter. The effects of operation temperature (t=25, 50 �C), cellulase/dried algae ratio (R=0, 16 U/mgda), and algal suspension mass concentration (c=5-15%) on rheological behaviour and parameters were evaluated. Algal suspensions behaved as non-Newtonian fluids obeying either a Bingham plastic linear relationship or an Ostwald-de Waele power law corresponding to a pseudoplastic fluid. Characteristic dynamic viscosity of Bingham plastic fluids were in the range 0.045-0.115 Pa�s for C. virgatum suspensions and 0.021-0.114 Pa�s for C. vagabunda ones, whereas apparent viscosity varied from 0.138 Pa�s to 43.551 Pa�s for C. virgatum and from 0.181 Pa�s to 45.417 Pa�s for C. vagabunda. Data obtained in 8 rheological tests corresponding to a Bingham plastic behaviour of C. vagabunda suspensions, which were processed according to a 23 factorial experiment, emphasized an increase in suspension viscosity with all process factors. The results could be useful for optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis process in order to develop efficient and cost effective saccharification and fermentation strategies.

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