Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Suspensions (chimie) – Particules (matière)'
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Merhi, Dima. "Migration et ségrégation des particules dans les suspensions concentrées : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5652.
Full textIn this present work, we have studied the behavior of concentrated macroscopic suspensions subjected to inhomogeneous shear rate. This behavior was described by means of a local phenomenological approach based on the consideration of the suspension as a continuous medium. Three shear induced fluxes were identified : a collision flux, a viscosity flux and a curvature flux. The expression of these three fluxes is obtained by studying the deviation of the trajectory of pairs of particles induced by a collision. We achieved both experimental and numerical investigations. On the experimental plan, we studied the flow between two parallel rotating disks. We developed an experimental technique which leans on the detection of tracers by measure of absorption of the light. The studied systems are suspensions established by particles of the same refractive index and the same density as the suspending fluid. Concerning the numerical work, we have built a numerical code in 2D, based on a finite volume method, capable of modeling the system of coupled non linear equations which govern the behavior of a monodisperse or bidisperse suspension. So we studied numerically the behavior of a bidisperse suspension in a Couette and a Poiseuille flow. We observed segregation in size of particles in suspension which is more pronounced when the volume fraction of the small and big particles is nearly equal. In the case of the flow between two rotating discs, we put in evidence the existence of a migration for a monodisperse suspension. The quantification of the coefficients of the shear induced migration fluxes in the rotating geometries was made thanks to the numerical, transient profiles. The values so obtained show that the intensity of these fluxes is closely bound to the direction of the migration of particles
Jacquelin, Marjorie. "Étude de la mise en suspension de particules par chute de poudre." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120042.
Full textThis study comes within the general framework of industrial facilities’ safety research. Indeed, industrial processes, notably in the nuclear field, handle hazardous materials in powder form and can produce large quantities of fugitive dust. The study of the particles resuspension from powders is of interest of first order in order to estimate the consequences of this source term of contamination on the operator, the neighbouring installations and, if necessary, the environment. Up to now, there are very few reliable data in the scientific literature on the particulate emission in case of a scenario with an accidental free fall spill of powder. The powder dustiness evaluation is carried out using coefficients obtained in experiments, or using empirical correlations. The objective of the present work is to study the influence of some parameters involved in the airborne particles production by a free fall of powder. For that purpose, experiments are carried out in order to study the influence of parameters such as the type of dischargement, the powder nature, the type of surface on which occurs the powder impaction , the system diameter used for discharge, and the falling mass. The results of mass fractions and number concentrations obtained highlighted the dominating parameters according to the type of discharge employed. Thereafter, the comparisons between our results and the empirical correlations available in the literature showed that those led to an undervaluation of the powder dustiness. This thus led us to develop, starting from the whole of experimental data, empirical correlations taking into account the various parameters studied as well as the interactions
Lenoble, Marie. "Ecoulement et ségrégation dans des pâtes granulaires modèle." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13039.
Full textJacquelin, Marjorie Gehin Evelyne. "Étude de la mise en suspension de particules par chute de poudre." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0407082.pdf.
Full textMouhab, Nordine. "Dépôts sur les parois de fines particules en suspension dans un gaz." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI198.
Full textBellino, Isabelle (1973. "Caractérisation de la taille et de la concentration volumique de particules en suspension." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11029.
Full textEl, Hijri Jawad. "Contribution expérimentale et numérique à l'étude de la remise en suspension des particules par l'activité humaine." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404080.
Full textPour l'instant trop peu d'études ont été consacrées aux aspects de la remise en suspension des particules car de façon générale, qu'il s'agisse d'habitations ou de grands volumes ouverts au public, les vitesses de l'air restent relativement faibles et permettent difficilement d'«arracher» les particules déposées. C'est dans cet esprit que nous avons élaboré en cellule test, un protocole expérimental pour mettre en évidence ce phénomène. Nos expérimentations permettront de dégager une tendance visant la modélisation du comportement particulaire en phase de remise en suspension.
Nous nous sommes basés sur l'analogie électrique des cycles de charge – décharge d'un self dans une résistance dans un circuit RL pour modéliser le dépôt et la remise en suspension des particules.
Les résultats fournis par le modèle reproduisent dans la majorité des cas les résultats expérimentaux sur des intervalles représentatifs de temps.
Belaubre, Nicolas. "Etude de la dégradation de suspensions de grosses particules fragiles lors d'un traitement thermique en continu et en cuves mécaniquement agitées." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0185_BELAUBRE.pdf.
Full textAzzi, Merched. "Étude des profils de flux de particules dans l'écoulement vertical établi d'une suspension gaz-solide." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD031.
Full textRashedi, Ahmadreza. "The design and flow dynamics of non brownian suspension." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0500.
Full textDense suspensions of noncolloidal particles exhibit novel features. In a non-homogeneous shear flow, it is observed that particles migrate from the high shear rate region to the low shear rate region. This phenomenon is called Shear-Induced Migration (SIM). The Suspension Balance Model (SBM) of Nott and Brady (1994) has been taken as an approach to model SIM. Where the SIM is attributed to the diffusive fluxes that arise naturally from gradients in the particle phase stresses. However, there are still unanswered questions and an ongoing debate on the nature of particle stress in the dense suspensions. Recent experiments show that the SBM not only fails in predicting the steady-state distribution of particle phase in the flow of dense suspensions but also fails in predicting the kinetics of the SIM. In addition, recent theoretical works question the derivation of the SBM and the simple supposition of drag closures in inhomogeneous flows of dense suspensions. We have designed and built an original setup to revisit available drag closures via performing well-resolved experiments. We present our preliminary results of a drag closure taking into account inhomogeneities of the solid phase volume fraction and the shear rate
Marchetti, Benjamin. "Sédimentation de particules : effets collectifs et filaments déformables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0364/document.
Full textIn the first part, a jointed experimental and numerical study examining the influence of vortical structures on the settling of a cloud of solid spherical particles under the action of gravity at low Stokes numbers is presented. We use electro-convection to generate a two-dimensional array of controlled vortices which mimics a simplified vortical flow. Particle image-velocimetry and tracking are used to examine the motion of the cloud within this vortical flow. The cloud is modeled as a set of point-particles for which the hydrodynamic interaction is preponderant. The cloud behavior (trajectory, velocity, aspect ratio, break-up time …) is compared to the predictions of a two-way-coupling numerical simulation. In the second part, a jointed experimentally and numerical study on the dynamics of slender flexible filaments settling in a viscous fluid at low Reynolds number is presented. The equilibrium state of a flexible fiber settling in a viscous fluid is examined using a combination of macroscopic experiments, numerical simulations and scaling arguments. We identify three regimes having different signatures on this equilibrium configuration of the elastic filament: a weak deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling perpendicular to the gravity; a large deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling parallel to the gravity and an intermediate elastic reconfiguration regime where the filament deforms to adopt a shape with a smaller drag which is no longer linearly proportional to the velocity but to the square root of the velocity
Pierre, André. "Contribution des intéractions électriques dans les mécanismes d'adsorption des fluidifiants du ciment sur le dioxyde de titane et le carbonate de calcium : Application à la dispersion des particules." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2012.
Full textBongono, Juilien. "Caracterisation des suspensions par des methodes optiques. modelisation par reseaux de neurones." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0577/document.
Full textThe sedimentation of aqueous suspensions of micron-sized mineral particles, polydisperses and concentrated, was analyzed using the Turbiscan MA 2000 based on the multiple light scattering in order to establish the procedure to detect the presence of a fractal morphology, and then to deduce the set of laws of fractal behavior of suspensions by modeling with neural networks. The methodology for determining the multifractal structure of agglomerates and the suspension was proposed. The structural modifications of the agglomerates at the origin of the nonlinear behavior of suspensions and which depends on cohesive properties of primary particles, is interpreted by the change of the electrophoretic mobility of suspended particles. The estimation by neural networks of these structural changes, through the fractal dimension has been presented. The limits of the model to learn these specific behaviors have been explained as resulting from the low number of examples and the great variability in the measurements at low volume fractions of solid
Legrand, Alexandra. "Faisabilité technologique du traitement thermique en continu de fluides chargés en particules en utilisant trois technologies de chauffage." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1550.
Full textThe objective of this work is to substitute a discontinuous heat treatment of two heterogeneous liquid/particle foodstuffs by a continuous treatment with conventional and alternative technologies (conventional heating, direct Joule effect and indirect Joule effect). An hydrodynamic study was showed that the suspension could be described by a qualitative appreciation. A simple and fast optical method permitted to obtain the cumulative distribution of particles and to define quantitative criteria to characterize the suspension. Thermal study showed that the sterilisation of a product by a continuous processing is not interesting for the following reasons: apparatus clogging, particle degradation, phase separation, electrical and thermal instabilities related to the presence of an insulating seed coat, heterogeneous temperature profiles and low particles concentration). On the other hand, the stérilization of another product proved the feasibility of the continuous processing. They did not highlight any incidence of the heat technology on the product quality. It is thus possible to obtain products of equivalent quality to that currently present on the canned foods
Mercier, Fabien. "Contribution à l’évaluation de la contamination organique des poussières sédimentées et des particules en suspension dans l’habitat dans une perspective d’évaluation de l’exposition." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1B158.
Full textThe development of building materials and consumer products over the past fifty years has led to the introduction in indoor environments of new chemicals, including semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as plasticizers, flame retardants or pesticides. In order to determine the extent of the threat to public health posed by these contaminants in indoor environments and assess exposures, it is necessary to document the indoor concentrations. This thesis has consisted in the development of analytical tools for the determination of SVOCs concentrations in settled house dust and airborne particulate matter for exposure assessment purposes. First, a measurement strategy was defined, based on a critical analysis of the scientific literature and a health ranking of SVOCs. Secondly, analytical multi-residue methods by GC/MS/MS for settled dust, and TD/GC/MS for airborne particulate matter, were developed, evaluated and applied to real samples. Finally, the influence of storage conditions on SVOCs concentrations in dust samples was investigated
Snook, Braden. "The dynamics of the microstructure and the rheology in suspensions of rigid particles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4700.
Full textNumerical and experimental methods were used to reveal the complex relationship between the macroscopic properties and the microstructure of a suspension where either spheres or rigid fibers were considered. For fibers, results using a newly developed numerical model indicate that contacts are dominant in predicting the dynamics of the microstructure. The results show contacts must be included in calculating the stress in order to accurately predict the normal stress differences as well. Experiments measuring the normal stress differences were performed and were found to be in agreement with the numerical predictions, validating the model and its results. Discrepancies with previous work in the literature were examined. The long time required to reach steady state and the influence of confinement from the experimental geometry were found to be the source of these differences. For spheres, an experiment was built to study the dynamics of particle migration in parabolic flow. High-resolution particle volume fraction and velocity distribution measurements were made. Steady state results were found to be in excellent agreement with previous discrete element simulations and experiments at similar geometries and volume fractions. Dynamic results were compared to the suspension balance model (SBM). Excellent agreement with the SBM was exhibited only at the highest bulk particle volume fraction. Accordingly, additional development of the rheology used in the SBM is required to understand the role of the bulk volume fraction on its predictions. The results from this experiment will greatly aid this endeavor by providing the experimental data required for validation
Kfoury, Adib. "Origine et physicochimie des particules atmosphériques PM₂.₅ dans des villes du littoral de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0403/document.
Full textThe main objectives of this study were to acquire a better knowledge on the exposure level to fine PM₂.₅ particles and on their chemical composition and sources, in three cities located on the littoral facade of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. The particles were collected following two sampling campaigns held between November 2010 and April 2011 ("winter" campaign in Dunkerque and Boulogne sur Mer ; "Spring" campaign in Dunkerque and Saint-Omer). The chemical composition of the collected PM₂.₅ was determined through the quantification of major elements, trace elements, water soluble ions and total carbon. For the two considered sampling periods, PM₂.₅ concentrations and chemical composition trends followed similar tendencies at each site. Local sources influence was evidenced throughout a comparison of the chronological evolution and concentration roses of some major and trace elements between the sites. This analysis allowed the suggestion of specific elemental ratios, which can be used as tracers of some anthropogenic sources. Finally, the use of a source-receptor model, based on a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method, allowed the identification of the main PM₂.₅ sources as well as the evaluation of their relative contributions in each of the studied sites
Fall, Abdoulaye. "Ecoulement et blocage de suspensions concentrées." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077142.
Full textWe study the rheological behavior of concentrated suspensions of non-Brownian particles: cornstarch or mono-disperse spherical polystyrene beads. The latter model System is used to be able to control the physical properties of the suspension. We focus on two phenomena encountered in particle pastes: the yield stress and the shear thickening behavior. In a fïrst series of experiments we studied the origin of the yield stress. From classical rheology and local MRI velocimetry and density measurements we show that the origin of the yield stress for the model System of spherical beads is sedimentation, which we observe by introducing different contrasts in density between particles and fluid. The difference in density leads to a close packing of sedimenting or creaming particles, leading in turn to a yield stress. In a second series of experiments, we have studied a dynamical behaviour of the pastes under shear, focusing on the shear thickening. By coupling the original macroscopic measurements (the study of the influence of the gap size on the shear thickening behavior and the dilation effect as a function of the shear rate) and local flow properties measured by MRI, we show that the shear thickening of cornstarch suspension is a direct consequence of the Reynolds dilatancy. In addition, the model System, unlike the cornstarch suspension, presents a shear thickening which is accompanied by a shear localisation regime. This localisation regime becomes responsible for a partial jamming of the flow in the gap of our Couette cell
Berho, Catherine. "Caractérisation de fractions hétérogènes par méthodes optiques au cours de procédés de fabrication. : Application aux suspensions papetières et vinicoles." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3004.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the evolution of these fractions during the transformation of the organic matter by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Suspensions which are representative of two conditions of organic matter evolution are selected : paper and wine-making suspensions. A study of model suspensions and solutions allows to show the influence of the nature and the size of particules or macromolecules an the optical responses. The application of this work to real suspensions leads to qualitative information of transferts phenomena of matter. From a quantitative point of view, the deconvolution of organic compounds which present specific UV responses. Concerning both organic and mineral compounds, the coupling UV-visible spectrophotometry/laser granulometry is promising. Quantification of phenolic compounds in wine-making suspensions is difficult because of the complexity of the matrix
Desreumaux, Nicolas. "Emulsions microfluidiques et rouleurs colloïdaux : effets collectifs en matière molle forcée hors-équilibre." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066071/document.
Full textEmulsions, colloidal suspensions, polymer solutions, bacterial suspensions, ... The dynamical properties of these disperse systems rely on the interplay between the microscopic structure of the dispersed phase, and the flow of the continuous phase.This thesis is devoted to the collective dynamics of suspensions driven out-of-equilibrium. The driving can take place either at the macroscopic scale (advection, uniform strength, ...) or at the microscopic scale (self-propulsion).Our goal is to understand the large scale dynamics of the suspensions on the basis of the symmetries of the interactions between the particles.Our approach is experimental. It relies on microfluidic tools to perform quantitative model experiments. In the first part of the manuscript, I focus on the dynamics of suspensions of passive particles in rigidly confined thin liquid films. In particular, I present experimental and theoretical results on the propagation of linear density waves in advected emulsions. In the second part of the manuscript, I study the collective dynamics of bidimensional assemblies of self-propelled particles embedded in a fluid at rest at infinity. I present our experimental setup based on a new propulsion mechanism for the particles. It enables us to study and understand the emergence of collective motion on the basis of the interactions between the individuals. Finally, I investigate the propagation of non-linear excitations of these assemblies of self-propelled particles in heterogeneous media
Mac, Thi-Bich-Ngoc. "Modélisation des suspensions de particules actives : application à la motilité séminale." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2581/.
Full textIn this thesis wc study collective motions of self-propelled particles. This work consists of three parts. In the first part, we consider an lndividual-Based Model for self-rotating particles interacting through local alignment and investigate its macroscopic Iimit. We study the mean-field kinetic and hydrodynamic limits of this system within two different scalings. In the small angular velocity regime, the resulting model is a slight modification of the " Self-Organised Hydrodynamic " model which has been previously inltroduced by Degond and Motsch. In the large angular velocity Case, the macroscopic model obtained is more complex. A preliminary study of the linearized stability is proposed. In the second part, we study a macroscopic model for a system of self-propelled particles which interact with their neighbors via alignment and repulsion. We provide a numerical validation of the continuum model by comparison with the particle model. The existence of local solutions of this macroscopic model is also studied. The last part concerns experimental investigation of collective behavior of simple robots in a confined ring
Leverrier, Cassandre. "Relations Structure/Propriétés de Suspensions de Particules Végétales." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA020.
Full textIn this work, fruit and vegetable purees are considered as concentrated suspensions of soft, deformable plant particles, suspended in a non-Newtonian aqueous phase, containing sugar and soluble pectins. Using a materials science approach, this work aims in better understanding and modelling the structure/properties relationships of plant based processed systems.A single batch of Golden Delicious apple puree was used in this work to avoid variability related to variety, maturity or processing method.Mechanical treatments were used to highlight the impact of structural parameters on the rheological behaviour of plant particles suspensions. It confirms the first order impact of particle concentration on rheological properties. Three concentration domains have been identified and modelled, allowing to provide a definition of the volume fraction for these soft and highly deformable plant particles. The volume fraction of plant particle suspensions is not forming consensus yet in literature. The definition proposed in this work allows to built a master curve bringing together the different particle size distributions, all over the concentrations studied.To understand the impact of the continuous phase on the rheological behaviour of plant particle suspensions, model particles have been developed from the original batch of apple puree. Model particles were suspended in five controlled aqueous phases varying in viscosity, composition, and ionic strength. This study shows that elastic properties of concentrated suspensions are essentially governed by the interactions between the particles, continuous phase having a negligible impact. The lubricating role of the continuous phase in the concentrated domain has been highlighted by yield stress and viscosity measurements.An original approach combining model particles, confocal microscopy and 3D reconstruction gives us access to morphological changes experienced by particles in very concentrated medium. The volume decrease experienced by the particles was evaluated. In this work, a model describing the dependence of the viscosity to the volume fraction of soft plant particles was proposed. This model represents a clear progress in the understanding of these systems. No comparable model has ever been proposed in the literature to describe this kind of plant particles
Mahaut, Fabien. "Comportement rhéologique de suspensions de particules non colloïdales plongées dans des fluides à seuil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1080.
Full textWe study rheological behaviour of non colloïdal particles suspensions embedded in yield stress fluids. We focus on strictly mechanical particles influence. First, we study solid domain with a large experiment panel on model materials. We measure linear elasticity and yield stress. We found law which link suspensions properties to interstitial fluids one and monodisperses particles concentration for an isotropic distribution. We compare our results to a homogenization approach by Chateau et al. which give us a very simple law between linear and non linear properties. This approach could predict the yield stress variation as a function of particles concentration with a very good agreement. Then, we validate this approach on a model mortar (glass beads in a thixotropic cement paste). In a second part, we explore liquid domain and characterize flowing behaviour of a yield stress model fluid, an emulsion, as a Herschel-Bulkley fluid with an exponent n =½. We show that this law still applicable for particles suspension in this emulsion with the same Herschel-Bulkley exponent. Then, we measure Herschel-Bulkley consistency as a function of particles concentration and found a good agreement with a law predicted by Chateau et al. from a homogenization approach. Finally, we observe difference between stopping yield stress and starting yield stress, this difference is probably due to particles distribution
Mongruel, Anne. "Étude expérimentale de suspensions de particules anisotropes en écoulement élongationnel." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520739.
Full textDbouk, Talib. "Rhéologie des suspensions concentrée et migration des particules induite par un écoulement." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673964.
Full textBressi, Michael. "Les aerosols fins en Ile-de-France : chimie, sources et origines géographiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0042.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at documenting the chemical composition, the sources and the geographical origins of fine aerosols in the region of Paris, on an extended spatial and temporal scale. Five sampling sites -urban, suburban and rural- covering the entire region were used to sample PM2. 5 on a daily basis for one year. Major chemical compounds and source tracers were analysed. Statistical tools allowed the sources and the geographical origins of PM2. 5 to be determined, based on their chemical composition and back-trajectories analyses, respectively. Unexpectedly, PM2. 5 levels measured in Paris are amongst the lowest in Europe due to the flat orography of the region favouring the dispersion of pollutants. Aerosol pollution events were primarily due to the import of secondary aerosols -resulting from gas to particle conversion- stemming from Continental Europe. On the other hand, local sources (mainly biomass burning and road transport) only contribute a quarter of PM2. 5 levels on an annual scale
Gerber, Gaétan. "Suspensions of particles interacting with porous matrices : transport, deposition and accumulation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1036.
Full textFrom the separation of products on industrial filters to the propagation of pollutants in soils or the transmission of micro-organisms in biological tissues, the transport of particles through porous matrices is ubiquitous. Particle-matrix interactions involve crucial deposition mechanisms, often studied by numerical simulations, global measurements or reduced (1D or 2D) systems. By making adapted 3D porous media (transparent random packings of spheres), and taking advantage of original internal observations (MRI, confocal microscopy), we have been able to directly visualize and analyze the whole range of transport and deposition dynamics at the global and local scales. Varying in turns the particles size (tens of nanometers to tens of microns), long-range interactions (electrostatic or magnetic) and shape (from unique spheres to clusters), all deposition regimes are finally mapped according to three key parameters: particle confinement (particle/pore size ratio), particle-surface affinity, and inter-particle aggregation ability.Two examples highlight the diversity of these regimes. First, we show that non-colloidal particles of sufficient size tend to clog pores by accumulating in pore size clusters, which ultimately constitute regions avoided by the flow. A critical cluster concentration (percolation) corresponds to a system saturation, i.e. caking. Further insights on the impact of the particle shape on the clogging dynamics are also proposed. On another side, for non-clogging colloidal particles, we show that particle accumulation is a self-limited mechanism, towards a deposited fraction associated with a balance between the colloidal cohesive energy and the local flow (drag energy varying with evolving porosity).In the end, the classification of the main deposition regimes combined with simple predictive models allows an application of these results to a broad range of systems
Arditty, Stéphane. "Fabrication, stabilité et propriétés rhéologiques des émulsions stabilisées par des particules colloi͏̈dales." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12852.
Full textCharnay, Clarence. "Formulation de suspensions concentrées de talc : physico-chimie des interfaces et analyses rhéologiques." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20186.
Full textCachon, Fresnel Boris A. "Étude de pollution atmosphérique en Afrique Sub-Saharienne : Cas de Cotonou (Bénin) : Caractérisation physicochimique des matières particulaires d'origine urbaine et impact toxicologique sur des cellules épithéliales bronchiques humaines (BEAS-2B) cultivées in vitro." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0348/document.
Full textAir pollution and its adverse health effects have shown a growing interest in developing countries. This study deals with this subject and is one of the first conducted in African countries, particularly in Benin. Our results showed that the quality of gasoline used in cotonou was poor, characterized by the absence of additive and a high concentration of benzene. Thus, it could be responsible for the degradation of the city air quality. Therefore, particulate matter samples (PM₂․₅ and PM>₂․₅) were collected in St Michel neighborhood at Cotonou and results showed very high levels of particles in the ambient air. Physicochemical characterization of these particles revealed a presence of various chemicals compounds (ions, metals, VOCs, paraffins, PAHs, ect.) in higher proportion in PM₂․₅ than PM>₂․₅. The respiratory system, the main way of exposure to these airborne particles, was investigated through an in vitro study assessing the toxic potential of PM on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). It has been demonstrated that the two types of particules have cytotoxic properties and ability to induce gene expression of organic compounds metabolizing enzymes and to generate oxidative stress. These particles have triggered the inflammatory process through the induction of gene expression and protein secretion of cytokines, and changes in the arachidonic acid pathway (leukotrienes, prostaglandin, and thromboxane). Finally, comparative approach for PM₂․₅ sampled in three West African cities highlighted the closeness of particles characteristics in Benin, Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal, and a significant contribution of road traffic emissions in the air pollution
Lisse, Isabelle. "Enrobage et rhéologie de suspensions de particules de carbonate de calcium précipité dispersées en milieu organique." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20093.
Full textMasset, Sonia. "Sorption d'ions à la surface de particules en présence de substances humiques." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS031.
Full textCompère, Fabrice. "Transport et rétention de particules argileuses en milieu poreux saturé : approches expérimentales et numériques." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2301.
Full textCisse, Mamadou. "Suspensions turbulentes de particules de tailles finies : dynamique, modification collective de l'écoulement turbulent." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4014/document.
Full textThe numerical and experimental work of this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of large particles in a turbulent flow. The first part allowed me to quantify their relative motion to the flow and their local influence on the surrounding flow. In a second part, I found that the collective effect of particles is to reduce the amplitude of turbulent fluctuations. In revanche, they have no influence on the fine statistical properties of the flow. Also, these measurements suggest the existence of a phase transition in the larger scales of the flow beyond a critical threshold of the number of particles
Chatté, Guillaume. "Propriétés d'écoulement de suspensions concentrées de particules de PVC et leur lien avec la physico-chimie du système." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET005.
Full textHighly concentrated and non-colloidal suspensions consisting of micrometric PVC particles dispersed in a liquid phase, were studied. These suspensions, called plastisol, are mostly used in vinyl flooring manufacture.A key feature of these suspensions is shear-thickening, since viscosity greatly increases as a function of the applied shear rate. This phenomenon is explained as being related to frictional forces between particles. Indeed, using an Atomic Force Microscope, we were able, for the first time, to link the macroscopic stress, at which shear-thickening appears, with the microscopic stress needed to enter a frictional regime.We then characterize the suspension viscosity up to 100 000 s-1. We observed that shear thickening is lowered with a more polydisperse powder. Large normal stress differences N1 and N2 were also measured, along with shear thickening. In addition, using both X-ray radiography and ultrasound, no particle migration in the sheared suspension could be detected.We also found that geometry plays a major role in the features of the flow of concentrated suspensions. For a smaller gap, the viscosity is lower and shear-thickening is pushed to higher shear rates. A non-local approach accounts for our experimental results.Replacing a number of PVC particles with CaCO3 particles changes both the viscosity and the maximum packing fraction quite dramatically. For both of these, we developed simple models that matched quite well with the experimental data. Moreover, we elucidate the rheological changes resulting from adding surfactant at the surface of each particle type.Finally, we investigated some instabilities observed while coating at high speed. At a moderate speed, a ribbing phenomenon appears. At a higher speed, a deposit is formed on the knife (downstream). The appearance of these instabilities correlates with normal stress differences
Dusanter, Anne. "Etude des interactions formulation - rhéologie des suspensions concentrées en vue de leur séchage par pulvérisation." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1687.
Full textSpray drying of suspensions often leads to high energy costs and requires the development of new processes. This work deals with spray drying of CaCO3 concentrated suspensions. Two processes of drying were studied : traditional spray drying and drying in a fluidized bed of inert particles. Through the adequate use of dispersant, it is possible to prepare pulverizable suspensions and to optimize their dryness. The traditional process gives spherical particles with a good flowability. Spray drying in a fluidized bed of inert glass beads strongly increases the surface for mass and heat transfer, and gives a very fine powder. Due to intensive interparticle shocks, induced by the fluidized bed movement, the crushing of the coating occurs. The process analysis is deepened by local scale studies: the drying kinetics, with the installation of a drying duct, and the adhesion phenomenon with the shear test setup
Condoret, Jean-Stéphane. "Etude des transferts en écoulement pulsé dans un lit de particules." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT011G.
Full textD'Ambrosio, Enzo. "Imagerie de suspensions pour la mesure des contraintes particulaires dans les suspensions non-browniennes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4045.
Full textMany studies have been done on the rheology of suspensions since the previous work of Einstein at the beginning of the 20th century but many scientific puzzles still remain, especially when the concentration increases. Nowadays, we know that the solid contact between particles rules the behavior of non Brownian concentrated suspensions : it increases the viscosity, inducesbehavior more complex than the basic Newtonian model and are responsible for phenomenon of migrations of solid particles inside a suspension. Naturally, theoretical models as the Suspension Balance Model which predict and describe the behavior of a sheared non Brownian suspension deals with these non hydrodynamic interactions. But there is a lack of experimental measurements to confront these predictions. Indeed, it is very difficult to measure experimentally the contribution of solid particles to the total stress of suspension and this is precisely what I’ve tried to do during these last three years. I’ve organized my work following two lines of research. The first one is a macroscopic study of the rheological behavior of different suspensions where the particle form varies from a suspension to another. Therewith, I show that non-Brownian and non-colloidal suspensions have a shear thinning behavior which can be correctly captured by the introduction of a jamming volumefraction which is shear stress-dependant. The second line of research is the biggest part of my work. Thanks to an experimental home-made set up, I study locally the behavior of a non Brownian suspension in two cases : with or without buoyancy effects. Matching the refractive index of the particles and of the fluid, I manage to image the particles inside the suspensions subjected to a shear flow in order to determine the concentration and the velocity fields. From these local measurements, I deduce on the one hand the variation of the shear viscosity with particle volume fraction and shear stress and, on the otherhand the variation of the normal particle stresses in the direction of the velocity gradient and the vorticity. I also show that there are significant differences in the flow of a suspension depending on whether gravity plays a role or not. More precisely, I show that the radial migration observed in a cylindrical large gap Couette flow is much less pronounced than what the Suspension Balance Model predicts if the particles do not have the same density as the suspending liquid
Haffner, Benjamin. "Stabilité des suspensions fortement aérées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1095/document.
Full textWe study the drainage of granular suspensions foams. Our control parameters are the gas fraction, the bubble size, the particles size and the interstitial particle fraction. First, we measure the proportion of liquid and particles retained in the foam network as function of the above mentioned parameters. These measurements are performed when the drainage is over, they are essential for the description of drainage velocity. We show that certain combinations of our study parameters lead to the jamming of the three-phase system : gas, liquid, solid. Secondly, we highlight different regimes of drainage velocity, we show that is controlled by two parameters : (i) lambda, the ratio of the particle size and constriction size, (ii) the fraction of particles in the interstitial network : phi. The key to understand these regimes is the trapping of particles in the foam : (i) the jamming, which may occur for surprisingly low fractions due to the geometry of the pore network, (ii) the particles captured by the foam network when they become larger than the constrictions network. Finally, larger particles excluded from the network increase the drainage velocity, as a consequence the minimum for the velocity corresponds to the individual capture. The granular fraction of the suspension in the foam network is the other key parameter. Especially, the drainage can be stopped for sufficiently high fractions for certain values of lambda. This work offers promising outlook for the stability of three-phase materials
Zarza, Baleato Fermin. "Analyse des phénomènes de mélange et de ségrégation de deux populations différentes de particules solides dans un lit fluidisé par un gaz." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT041G.
Full textDeutsch, Emmanuel. "Dispersion de particules dans une turbulence homogène isotrope stationnaire calculée par simulation numérique directe des grandes échelles." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1454_edeutsch.pdf.
Full textRicaud, Myriam. "Etude et contrôle du processus d'agrégation des particules de carbonate de calcium au cours du procédé de synthèse par carbonatation." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20100.
Full textCavalier, Karine. "Effet de l'adsorption d'eau sur le comportement rhéologique de suspensions de particules de carbonate de calcium dispersées en milieu organique." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20144.
Full textTontrup, Christoph. "Granulométrie de particules fines en suspension chargée par mesures de rétrodiffusion de la lumière. Application à l'étude de l'agglomération d'une suspension de dioxyde de titane en cuve agitée." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836784.
Full textIn the first part of this work, the development of a particle sizing probe exploiting light backscattering is shown. Measurements of the backscattered light intensity covering a large range of particle diameters (0,2 µm to 56 µm), relative refraction indices m (1,09 to 1,94) and solids volume fraction Phi (10-6 to 0,5) have been carried out. Experimental results are compared to three different theories: the single backscattering theory describes backscattering in dilute suspensions, the diffusion approximation of the radiative transfer theory can be applied to concentrated suspensions and the statistical Monte Carlo method to all suspensions. It is demonstrated that the backscatter probe allows to determine a mean partic1e diameter in concentrated suspensions if Phi and m are known. The measuring range is about 0,03 µm to 10 µm for the partic1e diameter and depends on Phi and m. The second part of this work is devoted to the improvement of knowledge about fine particles agglomeration in turbulent flow. To this aim, aggregation kinetics are investigated over a large range of volume fractions (2 10-6 to 5 10-3) in a stirred vessel. Two different in situ partic1e sizing methods are used: Turbidimetry and light backscattering. Analysis of experimental data showed that growth of aggregates in the stirred vessel is limited by shear: Aggregation proceeds until a stationary state is reached that corresponds to an aggregate size limit. The proposed model for the aggregation - fragmentation process permits to quantify the influence of the volume fraction and the shear rate on aggregation kinetics and aggregate structure
Dehghani, Kiadehi Atena. "Development of a new technique for determining the RTD of a dispersed solid phase and its application in a deep fluidized bed." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2491.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis is to develop a novel experimental technique for determining the residence time distribution (RTD) of solid particles in solid unit operations as well as model development. Initially, a novel optical method was developed to measure the particle RTD. Experiments are carried out with Silicon Carbide (SiC) and the pigment phosphorescent (Lumilux® Green SN-F50 WS) as tracer particle. A preliminary experimental study was conducted in a simple bubbling fluidized bed in order to validate the proposed RTD measurement methodology. In the second step, the developed technique of the concentration measurement was applied to measure the RTD of a deep fluidized bed. The particle RTD curves are determined experimentally in different operating conditions. Finally, a model consisting of the combination of the ideal reactors is proposed to predict the particle residence time distribution in the studied fluidized bed. The predicted output values are then compared with the experimental data to establish a good model fitting data
Bayle, Sylvie. "Etude de suspensions hétérogènes pour le contrôle d'un procédé papetier : dimensions et propriétés optiques de la matière : des paramètres discriminants." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20220.
Full textBruneau, Denis-Michel. "Sédimentation d'une suspension diluée confinée dans un récipient vertical." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES002.
Full textDamak, Lassad. "Nouveaux séparateurs d'émulsions huile/eau chargées en matières en suspension : séparateur à inversion de phases, coalesceur granulaire à lit pulsé." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0037.
Full textMaldiney, Marie-Anne. "Caractéristiques physiques des particules en suspension dans un fleuve canalisé : exemple de la Seine." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT026H.
Full textCollet, Gaëlle. "Étude et modélisation du colmatage de membrane d'ultrafiltration par des suspensions de matières organiques et de particules minérales." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2327/document.
Full textMembrane processes have been gradually implemented in water treatment plants. However, their development is still limited by fouling. The mechanisms of fouling generated by mixtures of organic colloids and mineral particles are more complex and involve interactions between mineral and organic constituents. Thus, the objective of this work was to better understand the mechanisms involved in the filtration of suspensions composed of mineral particles and dissolved and colloidal organic matter. The organic matters from river water and a secondary effluent were first extracted and characterized. The dissolved and colloidal fractions (> 3.5 kDa) were filtered on ultrafiltration membranes in the absence and presence of mineral particles (i.e. clay). Due to their high molecular weight, the organic colloids were the main contributor to membrane fouling whatever their origin and chemical composition. Then, the filtration of suspensions constituted of both mineral particles and organic matter showed very different behaviors depending on the nature of each constituent. A phenomenological model has been developed to describe the observed flux decrease. The model includes pore blocking mechanisms associated to a screening effect of mineral particles cake layer