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1
Mohan, Geetha, Hirotaka Matsuda, Samuel A. Donkoh, Victor Lolig, and Gideon Danso Abbeam. "Effects of Research and Development Expenditure and Climate Variability on Agricultural Productivity Growth in Ghana." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0443.
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This paper examines the effects of agricultural research expenditure and climate change on agricultural productivity growth by region in Ghana. A panel dataset is constructed for 2000-2009 from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ghana; and the Agriculture Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) database of the International Food Policy Research Institute. A Malmquist index was used to compute agricultural productivity growth, including decomposition components efficiency change and technical change. The determinants of productivity growth are examined using a fixed effects regression model. The results specify that significant causal factors impact positively on Ghana’s agricultural productivity growth, include climate variability, infrastructure, and agricultural research and development expenditure. The study confirms there is a need to strengthen and develop new technological progress for sustainable agricultural production in Ghana.
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Nchanji, Eileen. "Sustainable Urban Agriculture in Ghana: What Governance System Works?" Sustainability 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2017): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9112090.
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Moari, S. I., A. M. Akudugu, and J. S. Dittoh. "Determinants of Adoption of Ecosystem-Friendly Farming Practices for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Ghana." International Journal of Irrigation and Agricultural Development (IJIRAD) 1, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47762/2017.964x.17.
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Agriculture plays a key role in economic growth, enhancing food security, poverty reduction and rural development. Future food security and economic independence of developing countries would depend on resilient ecosystems for a sustainable agricultural development. Intensive agriculture with high inputs has resulted in rapid crop production in Ghana, accompanied by negative environmental effects. The adoption of ecosystem-friendly farming technologies, which do not destroy nature, would ensure these negative effects are addressed. However, the rate of adoption of these practices has remained low in Ghana. This paper explores the determinants of adoption of ecosystem-friendly farming practices (EFFPs) in Northern region of Ghana with a sample of 300 farmers. The results revealed that sex, age, educational level, household size, production system, credit access, previous income, market access, and expected benefits from the adoption influenced EFFPs adoption. The adoption of EFFPs should be made a precondition for farmers to gain access to desirable opportunities such as input subsidies, good pricing among others.
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Fernandes, Meenakshi, Rae Galloway, Aulo Gelli, Daniel Mumuni, Salha Hamdani, Josephine Kiamba, Kate Quarshie, et al. "Enhancing Linkages Between Healthy Diets, Local Agriculture, and Sustainable Food Systems." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 37, no. 4 (July 19, 2016): 571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572116659156.
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Background: Interventions that enhance linkages between healthy diets and local agriculture can promote sustainable food systems. Home-grown school feeding programs present a promising entry point for such interventions, through the delivery of nutritious menus and meals. Objective: To describe the adaptation of the School Meals Planner Package to the programmatic and environmental reality in Ghana during the 2014 to 2015 school year. Methods: Guided by a conceptual framework highlighting key considerations and trade-offs in menu design, an open-source software was developed that could be easily understood by program implementers. Readily available containers from markets were calibrated into “handy measures” to support the provision of adequate quantities of food indicated by menus. Schools and communities were sensitized to the benefits of locally sourced, nutrient-rich diets. A behavior change communication campaign including posters and songs promoting healthy diets was designed and disseminated in schools and communities. Results: The School Meals Planner Package was introduced in 42 districts in Ghana, reaching more than 320 000 children. Monitoring reports and feedback on its use were positive, demonstrating how the tool can be used by planners and implementers alike to deliver nutritious, locally-sourced meals to schoolchildren. The value of the tool has been recognized at the highest levels by Ghana’s government who have adopted it as official policy. Conclusions: The School Meals Planner Package supported the design of nutritious, locally sourced menus for the school feeding program in Ghana. The tool can be similarly adapted for other countries to meet context-specific needs.
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Yidana, Sandow Mark, Duke Ophori, and Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo. "Irrigation Water Resource Management for Sustainable Agriculture—The Ankobra Basin, Ghana." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 133, no. 6 (December 2007): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2007)133:6(609).
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Alare, Rahinatu Sidiki, Erasmus Henaku Owusu, and Kwadwo Owusu. "Climate Smart Agriculture Practices in Semi-arid Northern Ghana: Implications for Sustainable Livelihoods." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 5 (September 18, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n5p57.
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Achieving food security and livelihood development among vulnerable households in the semi-arid regions is challenged by water scarcity and climate change. To alleviate the challenges of water scarcity and climate change impacts, farmers are adopting different climate smart agriculture (CSA) practices. However, there is limited knowledge on the contribution of CSA practices to livelihoods of farmers in semi-arid northern Ghana. Therefore, this paper explored CSA practices adopted by smallholder farmers and assessed the contribution of dry season farming to livelihoods in rural semi-arid Ghana. Using data from 100 households, farm income, household food security and subjective wellbeing (SWB) were compared between dry season farmers and non-dry season ones. The findings showed that socio-economic factors hindered the utilisation of practices with high start-up cost such as rain water harvesting. Farmers also adopted other practices based on the benefits, ease of use and geographical context. Comparing dry season farmers and non-dry season ones, the results showed that dry season farming had great potentials of improving income, food security (66%) and wellbeing (P>0.01) of rural households in semi-arid Ghana. However, adopting CSA practices only without instituting programmes to address other socio-economic challenges faced by smallholder farmers will yield minimal impacts. Complementing CSA initiatives with poverty alleviation programmes will effectively contribute to improved livelihoods in resource poor communities.
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Kessler, J. J., and M. Moolhuijzen. "Low external input sustainable agriculture: expectations and realities." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 42, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v42i3.596.
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Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) is receiving increased attention, both as a sustainable alternative to Green Revolution-like strategies making intensive use of external inputs, and as a strategy of sustainable agriculture in resource-poor environments where no or very few external inputs are used. The evaluation of LEISA field-experiences in the Philippines and in Ghana shows that the potential of LEISA to improve ecological and/or socioeconomic sustainability depends on site-specific factors in the first place. In areas with a high production potential, LEISA can simultaneously improve ecological sustainability and farmers' socioeconomic conditions by reduced use of external inputs. In areas with a low production potential, LEISA can stabilize and restore the carrying capacity, but generally has limited potential to improve socioeconomic conditions for growing populations, and an increased production may also result from a further depletion of natural resources, and by a limited number of farmers. Other factors that can influence the potential and the applicability of LEISA are the production dip and the rehabilitation period involved, high labour requirements, land ownership aspects, gender issues, constraints to implement a participatory technology development approach, macroeconomic aspects, government influences and information dissemination. Together with the site-specific conditions, these aspects should be considered in planning and evaluation of LEISA techniques.
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Lee, Joan. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 9, No. 2." Sustainable Agriculture Research 9, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v9n2p129.
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Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.
Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: sar@ccsenet.org
Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2
Adel Khashaveh, Islamic Azad University, Iran
Darwin Pangaribuan, Lampung University, Indonesia
Dietrich Darr, Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Germany
Entessar Mohammad Al JBawi, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria
Francesco Sunseri, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy
Gema Parra, Universidad de Jaén, Spain
Giuseppina Migliore, University of Palermo, Italy
Gunnar Bengtsson, Sweden
Inder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), India
Isaac Danso, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Oil Palm Research Institute, Ghana
Kassim Adekunle Akanni, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
Katarzyna Panasiewicz, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Manuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), Portugal
Maren Langhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, Germany
Murtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, Pakistan
Nehemie T. Donfagsiteli, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Cameroon
Nicusor-Flavius Sima, University of Agricultural Studies and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Sait Engindeniz, Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, Turkey
Stefano Marino, University of Molise, Italy
Subhash Chand, Central Agricultural Research Institute CARI Port Blair, India
Suheb Mohammed, University of Virginia, United States
Tenaw Workayehu, Hawassa Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia
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Ampim, Peter A. Y., Michael Ogbe, Eric Obeng, Edwin K. Akley, and Dilys S. MacCarthy. "Land Cover Changes in Ghana over the Past 24 Years." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094951.
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Changes in land cover (LC) can lead to environmental challenges, but few studies have investigated LC changes at a country wide scale in Ghana. Tracking LC changes at such a scale overtime is relevant for devising solutions to emerging issues. This study examined LC changes in Ghana for the past almost two and half decades covering 1995–2019 to highlight significant changes and opportunities for sustainable development. The study used land cover data for six selected years (1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019) obtained from the European Space Agency. The data was analyzed using R, ArcGIS Pro and Microsoft Excel 365 ProPlus. The original data was reclassified into eight LC categories, namely: agriculture, bare area, built-up, forest, grassland, other vegetation, waterbody, and wetland. On average, the results revealed 0.7%, 131.7%, 23.3%, 46.9%, and 11.2% increases for agriculture, built-up, forest, waterbody, and wetland, respectively, across the nation. However, losses were observed for bare area (92.8%), grassland (51.1%), and other vegetation (41%) LCs overall. Notably, agricultural land use increased up to 2015 and decreased subsequently but this did not affect production of the major staple foods. These findings reveal the importance of LC monitoring and the need for strategic efforts to address the causes of undesirable change.
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Jonas, Kannyiri Naaderi, and Dogkubong Dinye Romanus. "Private initiatives in rural irrigated agriculture towards sustainable livelihoods in Nadowli-Kaleo District, Ghana." African Journal of Agricultural Research 12, no. 46 (November 16, 2017): 3315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2017.12588.
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Adeoti, Adetola I., Olufunke Cofie, and Oladimeji I. Oladele. "Gender Analysis of the Contribution of Urban Agriculture to Sustainable Livelihoods in Accra, Ghana." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 36, no. 2 (February 2012): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.620229.
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Ali, Ernest Baba, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, and Parise Adadi. "Agriculture for Sustainable Development: A SWOT-AHP Assessment of Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Initiative." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020628.
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The exponential increase in the population of Ghana and the need to meet the population’s food security needs while creating job opportunities have necessitated the implementation of the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) initiative by the Government of Ghana (GoG). Using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analytical tool, we SWOT of the PFJ initiative. We further complemented the study with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) tool to rank the various criteria (factors) identified under the SWOT analysis. The study identified favorable environmental conditions as the highest strength, which recorded 59.3%, followed by agricultural lands availability (21.8%). Inadequate of financial services was identified as the highest weakness (55.8%), followed by over-reliance on climatic conditions (25.9%). High export potential relative to agricultural products in the country was identified as the highest opportunity, which recorded a weight of 50.3%. The One District One Factory (1D1F) initiative came up as the second highest opportunity. Negative ramification of climate change was identified as the main threat to Ghana’s agricultural sector (57.9%), followed by the importation of basic food products (25%).
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Ali, Ernest Baba, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, and Parise Adadi. "Agriculture for Sustainable Development: A SWOT-AHP Assessment of Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Initiative." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020628.
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The exponential increase in the population of Ghana and the need to meet the population’s food security needs while creating job opportunities have necessitated the implementation of the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) initiative by the Government of Ghana (GoG). Using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analytical tool, we SWOT of the PFJ initiative. We further complemented the study with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) tool to rank the various criteria (factors) identified under the SWOT analysis. The study identified favorable environmental conditions as the highest strength, which recorded 59.3%, followed by agricultural lands availability (21.8%). Inadequate of financial services was identified as the highest weakness (55.8%), followed by over-reliance on climatic conditions (25.9%). High export potential relative to agricultural products in the country was identified as the highest opportunity, which recorded a weight of 50.3%. The One District One Factory (1D1F) initiative came up as the second highest opportunity. Negative ramification of climate change was identified as the main threat to Ghana’s agricultural sector (57.9%), followed by the importation of basic food products (25%).
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Bawayelaazaa Nyuor, Anslem, Emmanuel Donkor, Robert Aidoo, Samuel Saaka Buah, Jesse Naab, Stephen Nutsugah, Jules Bayala, and Robert Zougmoré. "Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Cereal Production: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture in Northern Ghana." Sustainability 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2016): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8080724.
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Agyei‐Okyere, Elvis, William Nketsia, Maxwell Peprah Opoku, Eric Lawer Torgbenu, Beatrice Atim Alupo, and Lois Odame. "Sustainable employment opportunities for persons with disabilities in Ghana: Exploring perceptions and participation in agriculture." BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT 2, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.43.
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Mohammed, S., P. K. Nyade, M. Abdul-Hamid, and I. O. A. Hodgson. "Water quality indicators of the Nima Creek, and potential for sustainable urban agriculture in Ghana." Water Science 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11104929.2021.1883321.
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Glazebrook, Tricia, Samantha Noll, and Emmanuela Opoku. "Gender Matters: Climate Change, Gender Bias, and Women’s Farming in the Global South and North." Agriculture 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070267.
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Can investing in women’s agriculture increase productivity? This paper argues that it can. We assess climate and gender bias impacts on women’s production in the global South and North and challenge the male model of agricultural development to argue further that women’s farming approaches can be more sustainable. Level-based analysis (global, regional, local) draws on a literature review, including the authors’ published longitudinal field research in Ghana and the United States. Women farmers are shown to be undervalued and to work harder, with fewer resources, for less compensation; gender bias challenges are shared globally while economic disparities differentiate; breaches of distributive, gender, and intergenerational justices as well as compromise of food sovereignty affect women everywhere. We conclude that investing in women’s agriculture needs more than standard approaches of capital and technology investment. Effective ‘investment’ would include systemic interventions into agricultural policy, governance, education, and industry; be directed at men as well as women; and use gender metrics, for example, quotas, budgets, vulnerability and impacts assessments, to generate assessment reports and track gender parity in agriculture. Increasing women’s access, capacity, and productivity cannot succeed without men’s awareness and proactivity. Systemic change can increase productivity and sustainability.
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Koryo-Dabrah, Alice, RS Ansong, J. Setorglo, and M. Steiner-Asiedu. "Food and nutrition security situation in Ghana: Nutrition implications for national development." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 05 (July 6, 2021): 18005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.100.20160.
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Achieving food and nutrition security is fundamental to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) due to its strong interdependence with economic growth and development. Eradicating hunger and all forms of malnutrition (SDG 2) remain high on the global agenda and is at the forefront of high panel deliberations because poor dietary intake has long term negative consequences on individuals and economic advancement. The goal to end hunger and malnutrition can be achieved when food and nutrition insecurity is properly tackled through investment in agriculture parallel to economic and social protection programmes. In Ghana, about 1.5 million of the population are estimated to be food insecure while undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies persist across the life stages. Challenges to food and nutrition security in Ghana have been identified as: poverty, climate change, rapid urbanization and population growth, gender inequalities and poor infrastructure. Poor economic growth, health, education, hygiene and environmental exploitation are implications of these challenges. Addressing these implications sets long-term foundation for the development of the nation by prioritising policies that are nutrition sensitive which directly address the complexity of malnutrition. The level of food and nutrition insecurity in Ghana can be reduced through a national commitment towards addressing the four pillars of food security coupled with programmes that bring about resilience through sustainable systems. To this end, intervention programmes have been introduced by government to reduce the poverty burden on households. These programmes are in the form of social interventions, governmental flagship projects, and research-driven agricultural interventions to improve yield that withstand the effect of climate change. This review is aimed to present the food and nutrition security situation in Ghana and emphasised the challenges that exacerbate the problem while bringing to light the nutritional implications to national development. It is hoped that the recommendations from this review will help the government in achieving food and nutrition security in Ghana.
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Adanu, Selase Kofi, Foster Kwami Mensah, Sesime Kofi Adanu, Dziwornu Kwami Adanu, and Kabila Abass. "Application of Earth Observation Technology to Site Selection and Development of Ecotourism Management Plans in Rural Ghana." ISRN Forestry 2013 (January 3, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/924506.
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Production of development plans is vital for sustainable ecotourism development given the increasing competition for land to satisfy various human needs including agriculture, timber, and wood energy. Such human activities cause rapid destruction of wildlife habitat and loss of indigenous tree species. To enhance sustainable use of the flora and fauna to promote rural tourism in Ghana, seven eco-tourism sites have been surveyed to produce data for management plans to be developed for these sites. The survey focused on the status of flora and fauna at the sites, infrastructure, cultural dynamics, cross-border issues, and revenue mobilization. Key findings indicate lack of infrastructure at the sites and substantial loss of forest cover over seventeen years covered by the survey.
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Amoah, Robertson, and Peter Kwarteng. "Effects of Financial Liberalization on the Productivity Growth of Agriculture Sector in the Presence of Structural Breaks: Evidence from Ghana." International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 5 (April 12, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n5p22.
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The study examined the relationship between financial liberalization and productivity growth of the Agriculture Sector in Ghana using the annual (yearly) data over the period 1970-2013. In the econometric analysis, the credits provided to private sector, investment, trade liberalization and capital account openness are considered as financial liberalization index while sector level value added as a percentage of GDP represented productivity growth. The stationarity of the series and the long run relationship were analyzed using Zivot-Andrews (1992) and Clemente, Montanes and Reyes (1998) test and Gregory Hansen tests in which structural breaks are considered. The findings of the study revealed that, opening up the economy will yield a positive result of sustainable productivity growth at sector levels. It behooves on the government to ensure that any structural reform programs that are initiated is comprehensively and completely implemented and also accompanied by sound macroeconomic policies to maintained a lasting effect, because the effect of such structural reforms in the long run growth path are prone to be thrown out of gear by other external shocks. The favorable influence of financial liberalization on productivity growth of agriculture sector is confirmed in Ghana. Future studies could be focused on whether financial liberalization will yield the expected effect on agriculture and other economic sectors’ productivity growth using primary data from the various sectors of the economy in a survey study.
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Banson, Kwamina Ewur, Nam C. Nguyen, and Ockie J. H. Bosch. "Using System Archetypes to Identify Drivers and Barriers for Sustainable Agriculture in Africa: A Case Study in Ghana." Systems Research and Behavioral Science 33, no. 1 (July 24, 2014): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sres.2300.
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Cleveland, David A. "Migration in West Africa: a savanna village prespective." Africa 61, no. 2 (April 1991): 222–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160616.
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AbstractLocal migration in response to population pressure is part of the history of northeast Ghana. First by physical coercion, then by economic coercion, colonialism drastically changed the pattern of migration to one of long-distance movement from north-east Ghana and the northern savannas in general to southern Ghana. Migration in turn affected social organisation, agriculture and population dynamics n i savanna communities. While colonial policy was not always consistent, one dominant and ultimately effective strategy seems evident: to break up locally self-sufficient economies and societies in order to stimulate the temporary migration of labour from largely subsistence agriculture to work in commercial agriculture, mining and public works in the south. These sectors were directly tied to the European economy for the benefit of Britain. Low wages and poor working conditions encouraged most migrants to return to their savanna villages when they were sick, injured or too old to work.When Ghana gained its political independence from Britain this new pattern of migration had become firmly established and was maintained by changes in the social, economic and transport systems. Data from Zorse and the Upper Region show that migration at any one time takes about 50 per cent of working-age males and 15 per cent of working-age females to southern Ghana for periods of a year or more. Significantly increased dependency ratios mean that as a result of this migration each four remaining working-age adults must support themselves plus four dependants, instead of supporting only three dependants, as would be the case without migration. Since remittances by Zorse migrants are equal to only a small fraction of the value of their lost productive labour, the net effect of migration on the food consumption level of those remaining in the village will be determined by the balance between the increased output required of each remaining working-age adult and the decreased yield required of the total area of arable land. While I do not have all the quantitative data needed to resolve this question, statements by Zorse residents, evidence of chronic undernutrition, a long-term decrease in land productivity due to erosion and lack of organic matter, and serious labour shortages during periods of critical farm activity, suggest that the net effect of migration on Zorse is negative. That is, neither labour productivity nor land productivity is likely to compensate for the higher dependency ratio.While it may be true that migrants vote with their feet, the choice of paths is often determined by forces in the larger system beyond their control. The good news is that indigenous agricultural and demographic knowledge and practices in Africa may provide the starting point for a sustainable future if the patterns established by colonialism and reinforced by ‘modern’ economic development can be changed.
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MacCarthy, Dilys S., Myriam Adam, Bright S. Freduah, Benedicta Yayra Fosu-Mensah, Peter A. Y. Ampim, Mouhamed Ly, Pierre S. Traore, and Samuel G. K. Adiku. "Climate Change Impact and Variability on Cereal Productivity among Smallholder Farmers under Future Production Systems in West Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 5191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095191.
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Agriculture in West Africa is constrained by several yield-limiting factors, such as poor soil fertility, erratic rainfall distributions and low input systems. Projected changes in climate, thus, pose a threat since crop production is mainly rain-fed. The impact of climate change and its variation on the productivity of cereals in smallholder settings under future production systems in Navrongo, Ghana and Nioro du Rip, Senegal was assessed in this study. Data on management practices obtained from household surveys and projected agricultural development pathways (through stakeholder engagements), soil data, weather data (historical: 1980–2009 and five General Circulation Models; mid-century time slice 2040–2069 for two Representative Concentration Pathways; 4.5 and 8.5) were used for the impact assessment, employing a crop simulation model. Ensemble maize yield changes under the sustainable agricultural development pathway (SDP) were −13 and −16%, while under the unsustainable development pathway (USDP), yield changes were −19 and −20% in Navrongo and Nioro du Rip, respectively. The impact on sorghum and millet were lower than that on maize. Variations in climate change impact among smallholders were high with relative standard deviations (RSD) of between 14% and 60% across the cereals with variability being higher under the USDP, except for millet. Agricultural production systems with higher intensification but with less emphasis on soil conservation (USDP) will be more negatively impacted by climate change compared to relatively sustainable ones (SDP).
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Asenso-Gyambibi, D., M. Affam, and E. Y. Amoafo. "Perfecting Rural Land Title for Wealth Creation and Sustainable Development." Ghana Mining Journal 19, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v19i2.2.
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AbstractPerfecting land title refers to the process of securing tenure on land. It refers to the assurance that the land one holds for an agreed period of time and purpose is certain. It requires a level of legitimacy. It is on record that agriculture, forestry and mining sectors constitute about 70% of Ghana’s gross domestic product. However, the lack of several large-scale plantations in Ghana can be partly attributed to the land tenure system. Land rights in rural communities are not secured in that the lands are not themselves well defined and rights are not documented. The study used modern survey methods to clearly map out farms in a systematic manner for farmers under a cooperative for rubber plantation development. The rights of tenant farmers and landholders are clearly and legally documented and registered into the formal land administration system. The spatial and attribute data are incorporated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) that serves as tool for data management on the farmers. The pilot study was successful in improving not only tenure security and data access, but also access to funding by participating farmers. Keywords: Land Tenure Security, Registration, Spatial Data, Attribute Data
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Scaife, Anna M. M., and Sally E. Cooper. "The DARA Big Data Project." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, A30 (August 2018): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131900543x.
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AbstractThe DARA Big Data project is a flagship UK Newton Fund & GCRF program in partnership with the South African Department of Science & Technology (DST). DARA Big Data provides bursaries for students from the partner countries of the African VLBI Network (AVN), namely Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia and Zambia, to study for MSc(R) and PhD degrees at universities in South Africa and the UK. These degrees are in the three data intensive DARA Big Data focus areas of astrophysics, health data and sustainable agriculture. The project also provides training courses in machine learning, big data techniques and data intensive methodologies as part of the Big Data Africa initiative.
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Antwi-Agyei, Philip, and Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong. "Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031308.
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Evidence on how coping practices for immediate climate variations can transform into long-term adaptive capacity are relatively limited. This study addressed this gap by identifying the coping practices for short-term climate variations and the adaptation measures used by smallholder farmers to address future climate change in northeast Ghana. The paper used a mixed-methods approach, including household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data were collected from 555 households located in six communities across three districts in northeast Ghana. Results indicated that smallholder farmers were employing a host of practices to address the threats posed by climate change. Key adaptation practices included the planting of drought-tolerant crop varieties, the use of indigenous knowledge, intensification of irrigation, migration, adjusting the planting calendar, crop diversification, mixed farming, and sustainable land management practices. On the contrary, short-term coping practices reported by the study participants included the sale of non-farm assets, complementing agriculture with non-farm jobs, selling livestock, engaging in wage labor, charcoal burning and reliance on social networks. The results further revealed that barriers to climate change adaptation and coping practices differed by gender. The paper recommends that capacities of smallholder farmers in vulnerability hotspots should be enhanced to address immediate climate variations, as well as future climate changes. Ghana’s climate change and agricultural policies should prioritize adaptations by smallholder farmers in addressing threats posed by climate change.
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Zougmoré, Robert B., Peter Läderach, and Bruce M. Campbell. "Transforming Food Systems in Africa under Climate Change Pressure: Role of Climate-Smart Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084305.
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Low-income producers and consumers of food in Africa are more vulnerable to climate change, owing to their comparatively limited ability to invest in more adapted institutions and technologies under increasing climatic risks. Therefore, the way we manage our food systems needs to be urgently changed if the goal is to achieve food security and sustainable development more quickly. This review paper analyzes the nexus “climate-smart agriculture-food systems-sustainable development” in order to draw sound ways that could allow rapid transformation of food systems in the context of climate change pressure. We followed an integrative review approach based on selected concrete example-experiences from ground-implemented projects across Africa (Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, in West Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania in East Africa). Mostly composed of examples from the Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) Research Program of the CGIAR (former Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) and its partners, these also included ground initiatives from non-CGIAR that could provide demonstrable conditions for a transformative agriculture and food systems. The lessons learnt from the ground implementation of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), in the African context, were instrumental to informing the actions areas of the food-system transformation framework suggested in this paper (reroute, de-risk, reduce, and realign). Selected CSA example-cases to inform these action areas included 24 initiatives across Africa, but with a focus on the following studies for an in-depth analysis: (1) the climate-smart village approach to generate knowledge on climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies and practices for their scaling, (2) the use of climate information services (CIS) to better manage climate variability and extremes, and (3) the science–policy interfacing to mainstream CSA into agricultural development policies and plans. The analysis of these examples showed that CSA can contribute driving a rapid change of food systems in Africa through: (1) the implementation of relevant climate-smart technologies and practices to reroute farming and rural livelihoods to new climate-resilient and low-emission trajectories; (2) the development and application of weather and climate information services (WCIS) that support de-risking of livelihoods, farms, and value chains in the face of increasing vagaries of weather and extreme events; (3) the use of climate-smart options that minimize waste of all the natural resources used for growing, processing, packaging, transporting, and marketing food, and therefore mitigating the carbon footprint attached to this food loss and waste; and (4) the realignment of policies and finance that facilitate action in the four proposed action areas through the identification of news ways to mobilize sustainable finance and create innovative financial mechanisms and delivery channels.
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Kyere-Boateng, Richard, and Michal V. Marek. "Analysis of the Social-Ecological Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Ghana: Application of the DPSIR Framework." Forests 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040409.
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Globally, forests provide several functions and services to support humans’ well-being and the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The services that forests provide enable the forest-dependent people and communities to meet their livelihood needs and well-being. Nevertheless, the world’s forests face a twin environmental problem of deforestation and forest degradation (D&FD), resulting in ubiquitous depletion of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services and eventual loss of forest cover. Ghana, like any tropical forest developing country, is not immune to these human-caused D&FD. This paper reviews Ghana’s D&FD driven by a plethora of pressures, despite many forest policies and interventions to ensure sustainable management and forest use. The review is important as Ghana is experiencing an annual D&FD rate of 2%, equivalent to 135,000 hectares loss of forest cover. Although some studies have focused on the causes of D&FD on Ghana’ forests, they failed to show the chain of causal links of drivers that cause D&FD. This review fills the knowledge and practice gap by adopting the Driver-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) analytical framework to analyse the literature-based sources of causes D&FD in Ghana. Specifically, the analysis identified agriculture expansion, cocoa farming expansion, illegal logging, illegal mining, population growth and policy failures and lapses as the key drivers of Ghana’s D&FD. The study uses the DPSIR analytical framework to show the chain of causal links that lead to the country’s D&FD and highlights the numerous interventions required to reverse and halt the ubiquitous perpetual trend of D&FD in Ghana. Similar tropical forest countries experiencing D&FD will find the review most useful to curtail the menace.
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Kidido, Joseph Kwaku, and Monica Lengoiboni. "Household Land Allocations and the Youth Land Access Nexus: Evidence from the Techiman Area of Ghana." Land 8, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8120185.
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Building inclusive societies that reflect the needs of all categories of people within the social spectrum is critical to achieving sustainable development. This is reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which among things seek to ‘by 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex. This places enormous tasks on all governments especially in developing countries like Ghana to ensure that the youth are not left behind in access and control over land as a building block for economic empowerment. This task is particularly critical in view of the sheer numbers of the youth and yet economically marginalized underpinned by high levels of unemployment and underemployment. This case study investigates the youth land rights within the context of household landholdings and allocations dynamics. The study took place in the Techiman area in Ghana. The study sampled 455 youth and 138 household heads. The study revealed that household lands are important building block for majority of the youth in the Techiman area. It gives them a sense of security in the usage. However, the youth’s ability to depend on this source to kick start independence economic life is beset with land scarcity, non-allocation and accumulation by the lineage heads who have prerogative over household lands. The study underscores the need for social welfare scheme for the aged farmers so that they can timely release land to the younger ones without fearing for what to sustain them. There is also the need for government to create land banks to support the willing youth to engage in agriculture.
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Simmering, Dietmar, Solomon Addai, Gunther Geller, and Annette Otte. "A university campus in peri-urban Accra (Ghana) as a haven for dry-forest species." Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica 16 (December 1, 2013): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/fvss.16.21.
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Valley View University (VVU) is a private university located within the dry forest zone of the Accra plains; an area strongly affected by urban sprawl. The campus covers approx. 105 ha. Considerable portions of it are yet undeveloped and covered with savannah thickets. In 2002, the university has committed itself to become Africa's first "ecological university". In the context of two projects, substantial improvements have been made in terms of sanitation, water supply, energy-saving buildings and organic agriculture. The further development of the campus was designed in a detailed "ecological masterplan". In this context, we carried out a floristic inventory of the savannah thickets and found more than 100 plant species; the majority of which represent the species pool of the unique mixture of dry forest and savannah thicket species, which is typical for the region. As the remainder of dry forests and savannah thickets in the Accra plains become increasingly threatened by urban sprawl and overgrazing, the VVU administration has agreed to preserve the species-rich thickets. This is a valuable contribution to a more sustainable development of the region.
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Banson, Kwamina, Nam Nguyen, Daowei Sun, Daniel Asare, Samuel Sowah Kodia, Isaac Afful, and Jasmine Leigh. "Strategic Management for Systems Archetypes in the Piggery Industry of Ghana—A Systems Thinking Perspective." Systems 6, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems6040035.
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Ghana is predominantly an agricultural country with a clear majority of its population depending partly or fully on agriculture for their livelihoods. Pork consumption in Ghana is on the increase and the livestock industry is a key sector of alternative agri-business for farmers looking for profitable business ventures and household income. The growth of Ghana’s domestic piggery industry has been impeded by several constraints such as inadequate information, lack of improved breeding stock, land limitations, rising feed cost and water availability. In this research, systems models provide an understanding of the interconnectedness and relationships present within the piggery industry of Ghana. The Industry’s problems were pooled together and key factors identified, whose behavior over time causes problems by developing various individual two-loop system archetypes coupled with a list of sustainable management strategies. Also, the individual variables affecting the industry were consolidated to obtain a causal loop structure and behavior-over-time graph of the piggery industry. The system archetype developed here is generic enough to explain any productivity decline and business rivalry behavior of any agribusiness industry. The proposed archetype can also help farm managers and producers to make various decisions. The system archetypes contribute effectively to understanding the root cause of challenges rather than providing quick fixes ‘now’ which gives rise to a much bigger problem to fix ‘later’. Application of CLDs models and system archetypes can help farmers and policy makers understand the behaviour of the entire complex piggery systems that will aid in more clarity and consistency in decisions and policy objectives. This will close the gap of inadequate information both to farmers and policy makers and governance. Through the archetypes and the CLDs, it has been identified that using a systemic approach in addressing the problems could lead to the provision of adequate data and management strategies for effective decision making for improving the piggery/livestock industry.
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Ofori, Benjamin D., Jesse S. Ayivor, Opoku Pabi, and Christopher Gordon. "Agroecological Niches as Ecosystem-Based Adaptive Option to Environmental Change in the Forest-Savanna Transition Zone of Ghana." Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 9 (November 29, 2015): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v8n9p281.
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<p>Generally, local farmers are able to adapt to environmental change (and developments in socio-economic conditions) by engaging in a range of creative practices of on-farm management, use of improved crop varieties and adoption of new technologies. However in the past few decades, there has been growing interest in other adaptive options with the potential of addressing household food security and the multiple dimensions of sustainable agriculture. This study therefore examined the use of niche environments in the agricultural landscape as ecosystem-based adaptive strategy to environmental change among 102 farmers of 9 fringe communities of the Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve of the forest-savanna transition zone in Ghana. The study noted the increasing shift from maize cultivation to rice production using marshy areas and low-lying parts of farm fields and farms. The farmers mentioned climatic, ecological and other socio-economic reasons for this trend. They cited growing insecurity associated with maize production due to changing rainfall pattern and reduction in rainfall amounts, and changes in land cover and soil conditions. Additionally, they emphasized the relative ease with which they are able to store rice and the willingness of padi buyers to visit the villages in spite of the poor nature of the roads. The study advocated for greater institutional support to boost local rice production in order to reduce the country’s heavy dependence on imports.</p>
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Anima Gyimah, Rita Akosua, Anthony Yaw Karikari, Charles Gyamfi, Patricia Asantewaa-Tannor, and Geophrey Kwame Anornu. "Spatial evaluation of land use variability on water quality of the Densu Basin, Ghana." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): 3000–3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.187.
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Abstract The effect of different land use types on the physicochemical water quality of a semi-arid coastal basin is examined. From nine sites, a comprehensive sampling campaign was executed during October 2018 to January 2019. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between water quality characteristics and land use types at the sub-basin and buffer-zone scales. The one-way ANOVA test indicated that most of the parameters are significantly different (p < 0.05) among the sampling sites with the exception of pH, total hardness (TH), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and iron (Fe). Agriculture and built-up/bare land had a positive relationship with turbidity, TSS, conductivity and Fe within 50 m and 150 m buffer zones. Built-up/bare land showed a positive relationship with turbidity, TSS and Cl at the sub-basin scale. Forest cover correlated negatively with water quality although not significantly. Grassland correlated significantly with temperature, Cl and total hardness. Results of the multiple regression analysis indicate that land use types within the riparian buffer zones had greater impact on water quality than at the sub-basin scale. This work provides essential information for land use planners and water managers towards sustainable water resources management.
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Takeuchi, Kazuhiko, and Edwin Akonno Gyasi. "Special Issue on Enhancing Resilience to Climate and Ecosystem Changes in Semi-Arid Africa." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0411.
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In 2011, a collaborative project focused on climate and ecosystem change adaptation and resilience studies in Africa (CECAR-Africa) with Ghana as the focal country, was initiated. The goal was to combine climate change and ecosystem change research, and to use that combination as a basis for building an integrated resilience enhancement strategy as a potential model for semi-arid regions across Sub-Saharan Africa. The Project is being financially supported by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), a collaborative programme of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). CECAR-Africa involves the following leading climate and ecosystems research organizations in Ghana and Japan: The University of Tokyo; Kyoto University; United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS); University of Ghana; Ghana Meteorological Agency; University for Development Studies; and United Nations University Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (UNUINRA). CECAR-Africa has been operating fully since 2012, with a focus on three thematic areas, namely: Forecast and assessment of climate change impact on agro-ecosystems (Agro-ecosystem resilience); Risk assessment of extreme weather hazards and development of adaptive resource management methods (Engineering resilience); and Implementing capacity development programs for local communities and professionals (social institutions-technical capacity development) using the assessment results derived from work on the first two themes. This special issue presents major outcomes of the Project so far. The articles featured used various techniques and methods such as field surveys, questionnaires, focal group discussions, land use and cover change analysis, and climate downscaled modelling to investigate the impacts of climate and ecosystem changes on river flows and agriculture, and to assess the local capacity for coping with floods, droughts and disasters, and for enhancing the resilience of farming communities. We are happy to be able to publish this special issue just in time for an international conference on CECAR-Africa in Tamale, Ghana, on 6-7 August, 2014. It is hoped that the shared research outcomes will facilitate discussions on the project research themes and interactions and exchange of ideas among academics, professionals, and government officials on the way forward for the CECARAfrica Project. We find it only appropriate to conclude by thanking the authors and reviewers of the articles, and by acknowledging, with gratitude, the local knowledge and other bits and pieces of information contributed by the many anonymous farmers and other people of northern Ghana.
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Komodromos, Marcos. "Interactive radio, social network sites and development in Africa: a literature review study." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 15, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-06-2020-0111.
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Purpose The technology determinism theory facilitated in assessing the impact of interactive radio and social network sites (SNSs) on development factors such as education, agriculture, health, and governance, by conducting an integrative and comprehensive literature review focusing on African countries. This paper aims to conduct this literature review to provide comprehensive empirical evidence on the impact of interactive radio and SNSs on development in Africa. Design/methodology/approach This study examined articles that were retrieved from online databases including EBSCOhost, Elsevier, Science Direct, SAGE Journals, Springer and Wiley Online Library. The keywords used included interactive radio, radio, development in Africa, SNS, agriculture, education, health, peace and governance. Search phrases were formulated using boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” Findings Study results revealed that interactive radio and SNSs improve knowledge among farmers and allow the dissemination of information on innovative agricultural techniques, which supports the adoption of sustainable practices. Interactive radio promotes political accountability because the strategies provide the voiceless and powerless communities with a platform to express themselves. This paper discovers that the incorporation of SNS with existing multimedia communication facilitates the dissemination of health-related information on illnesses such as Ebola, HIV, hypertension, diabetes and Polio, and interactive radio and SNS promote education among marginalized communities and under-served rural schools. Research limitations/implications The findings on the impact of interactive radio and SNSs do not represent all 54 countries in Africa. Although the studies included in this literature review were conducted in several countries such as South Africa, Nigeria, Somalia, Kenya, Malawi, Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, this limited the generalizability of the findings and recommendations. Also, the other potential limitation is that using the inclusion-exclusion criteria could have resulted in bias when selecting the studies to include in the review. Practical implications The paper might serve as a valuable source of information for students, academics and entrepreneurs where the impact of interactive radio and SNSs on agriculture, education, health and governance, which are core determinants of development in Africa, has been assessed for further case studies in this area. Social implications The use of interactive radio has helped in decreasing health issues caused by a deficiency in vitamin A among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Originality/value The development of sustainable and effective interactive radio programs is dependent on the collaboration of the core stakeholders such as governmental ministries, donor organizations and the mass communication sector. Numerous open sources on technology radio stations are available to employ social media managers to help in the application of knowledge.
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Ayivor, Jesse S., Opoku Pabi, Benjamin D. Ofori, Dzidzo R. Yirenya-Taiwiah, and Chris Gordon. "Agro-Diversity in the Forest-Savannah Transition Zone of Ghana: A Strategy for Food Security against Climatic and Socio-Economic Stressors." Environment and Natural Resources Research 6, no. 1 (December 3, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n1p1.
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<p class="1Body">Food security is a major issue affecting about 239 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, local ecosystems-based adaptive strategies for reducing the impact of climate change and other stressors on food production systems are very relevant in the national food security agenda. This study assessed how farmers in communities of the environs of the Kogyae Strict Nature Reserves in the forest-savanna transition zone of Ghana exploit a range of options for food production that spread and reduce risks and ensure sustainability of the local environment. Through a cross-sectional survey involving focus group discussions, institutional data search and on-site observations, the study investigated different ways to which the natural diversity of the environment has been used by farmers to enhance farm productivity and farmer income. The study observed that climate variability, land expropriation for protected area establishment, inappropriate use of farm technology and low pricing for farm produce pose as major threats to sustainable agriculture in the area. These constraints have compelled farmers to adopt a range of agro-diversity practices for increased farm productivity and income. They include introduction of new crop varieties, adoption of innovative farm management practices, diversified farm fields and sequential cropping systems. The study noted that the diversified systems have boosted farmer productivity and incomes and contributed to their socio-cultural needs. The study recommends greater crop intensification through the use of appropriate technologies and improved access to markets to consolidate farmer gains and livelihoods as well as ensuring food and nutritional security.</p>
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McDowell, Andrew, and Andreas Drechsler. "Tough Choices for an Agile Open Source International Development Project: The Libre LAS Case." Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases 8, no. 2 (November 2018): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41266-017-0032-4.
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In June 2010, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) started a three-year trust fund project to develop and pilot open source cadastre and registration software. This project was called Libre Land Administration System (Libre LAS), and its aim was to make computerised cadastre and registration systems more affordable and more sustainable in developing countries. The first stage of the Libre LAS project was undertaken at FAO headquarters (HQ) in Rome. Generic cadastre and registration processes were defined and software requirements and software architecture documents prepared. Development of the Libre LAS software began in early 2011. An international team of software developers assembled at FAO HQ and proceeded to create the generic software platform using an Agile Scrum methodology. By early 2012, the first release of Libre LAS was ready and pilot implementations began in Ghana, Nepal, and Samoa to validate and prove the Libre LAS concept. This case study tracks the initial development and implementation of Libre LAS in the pilot countries from 2011 to late 2012. It is presented from the standpoint of Brett, the Libre LAS Project Coordinator, and discusses organisational, cultural, stakeholder, and financial issues that conspired to derail the project. Ultimately, Brett is left to make some tough decisions around the pilot implementations to ensure the success of the overall project.
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Mlambo, Daniel N. "Continental Migration Trends: Its Implications from an African Perspective." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i2.2378.
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Migration is witnessed throughout the world, this is even true for a third world continent such as Africa, where individuals tend to move from one place to another propelled by diverse push and pull factors. This paper brings forward the degree of migration movements in Africa. Additionally, it seeks to understand the impact(s) of migration within the continent. It argues that migration in Africa is not a new phenomenon as it has been witnessed since colonialism often as a result of forced migration. However, post the colonial era, Africa has observed an upsurge of migration movements both documented and undocumented. This is manifested by the fact that Africa has remained an underdeveloped continent coupled with vast economic hindrances including unemployment, political instability, low growth rates, terrorism and corruption. In this vein, individuals move from place to place for better economic opportunities for themselves particularly to Western, Eastern and Southern African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Botswana, South Africa, Ivory Coast, Angola, Rwanda and Namibia. The paper concludes by outlining that if Africa is to limit and manage the evergrowing migration movements, then African heads of states should possibly improve their border patrol security, enhance rural agriculture and improve rural service delivery programmes. Moreover, to implement robust, well monitored and managed policies that intend to support and complement the policies of the African Union (AU), regional bodies and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) with regards to African migration.
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Olayide, Olawale Emmanuel, Isaac Kow Tetteh, and Labode Popoola. "Trends and Policy Correlates of Agricultural Production and Agricultural Production Sustainability Outcomes in Ghana and Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 9 (October 29, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v8n9p71.
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This paper analysed policy correlates of agricultural production and agricultural production sustainability outcomes in Ghana and Nigeria. It underscores the influence of political systems and international development agendas as correlates of agricultural production and agricultural production sustainability outcomes. This is to the extent of providing evidence policy on agricultural production and agricultural production sustainability outcomes. Ghana and Nigeria have comparable farming/agricultural system and policy environment. Data used for the analyses spanned five decades. Trends analysis and inferential statistics were employed. The results revealed that policy correlates can contribute to the current discourse in sustainable development agenda and to resolving the dilemma of agricultural policy implementation for sustainable agricultural development, especially in Ghana and Nigeria. The findings reinforce the need for appropriate policies in transforming the agricultural sector while ensuring sustainable development outcomes.
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Nelimor, Charles, Baffour Badu-Apraku, Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira, Antonia Tetteh, Agre Paterne, Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’guetta, and Melaku Gedil. "Genomic Analysis of Selected Maize Landraces from Sahel and Coastal West Africa Reveals Their Variability and Potential for Genetic Enhancement." Genes 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11091054.
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Genetic adaptation of maize to the increasingly unpredictable climatic conditions is an essential prerequisite for achievement of food security and sustainable development goals in sub-Saharan Africa. The landraces of maize; which have not served as sources of improved germplasm; are invaluable sources of novel genetic variability crucial for achieving this objective. The overall goal of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of a maize panel of 208 accessions; comprising landrace gene pools from Burkina Faso (58), Ghana (43), and Togo (89), together with reference populations (18) from the maize improvement program of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Genotyping the maize panel with 5974 DArTseq-SNP markers revealed immense genetic diversity indicated by average expected heterozygosity (0.36), observed heterozygosity (0.5), and polymorphic information content (0.29). Model-based population structure; neighbor-joining tree; discriminant analysis of principal component; and principal coordinate analyses all separated the maize panel into three major sub-populations; each capable of providing a wide range of allelic variation. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 86% of the variation was within individuals; while 14% was attributable to differences among gene pools. The Burkinabe gene pool was strongly differentiated from all the others (genetic differentiation values >0.20), with no gene flow (Nm) to the reference populations (Nm = 0.98). Thus; this gene pool could be a target for novel genetic variation for maize improvement. The results of the present study confirmed the potential of this maize panel as an invaluable genetic resource for future design of association mapping studies to speed-up the introgression of this novel variation into the existing breeding pipelines.
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Rybalkina, Inna G. "Social Peculiarities of the Family Planning Problem in Tropical Africa." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016080-5.
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The subject is reflected in the important international documents of the UN – the Millennium development Goals 2001 and the Sustainable develop-ment Goals 2015. The article examines implementing family planning pro-grams in Tropical Africa, analyzes the attitude of ruling circles and people masses to this problem in the context of centuries-old traditions of having many children, great value of free child labor in agriculture, polygyny, re-ligiosity and other socio-cultural stereotypes. Despite the efforts of interna-tional organizations, most of the 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing a slow spread of contraception, the birth rate is “stalling” at high rates, or the decline in fertility is slow. But there are some positive examples of countries, where the use of con-traception reaches the 70% level recommended by international experts-demographers, and the birth rate is decreasing, approaching the replace-ment level. These countries are Ethiopia, Rwanda, Madagascar, Ghana, Kenya, and the countries of the South African region. It is likely that the success of family planning and the reduction of the birth rate are due to the consolidated approach of government circles, NGOs, private, public and international organizations, with the crucial role of international donors and financial funds. In the course of evolutionary socio-economic development, fertility rates will decrease. But in the next decades, there will still be an increase in the population of a number of SSA countries by 2–3 times. Without substantial foreign financial assistance peoples of Africa, especially the peoples of Cen-tral and West Africa, will not be able to cope with this problem.
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Yahaya, Iddrisu, Krishna P. Pokharel, Abdul-Fatahi Alidu, and Fred Amofa Yamoah. "Sustainable agricultural intensification practices and rural food security." British Food Journal 120, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 468–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2017-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of participation in sustainable agricultural intensification practices (SAIPs) on household food security status in Northwestern Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study utilised the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) indicator for the measurement of food access data from 168 households in ten communities from the Northwestern region of Ghana for the analyses. Households were categorised into participating households (treatment) and non-participating households (control). The endogenous treatment effects model was employed to evaluate the impact of participation in SAIPs training on food insecurity access scale. Findings The results show that participation in SAIPs training lowers, on average, the household food insecurity access by 2.95 points, approximately an 11 per cent reduction in HFIAS score. Other significant factors found to influence household food insecurity access scale are age of household head, experience in farming, total acres owned by household, income level of the household and occupation of the head of the household. Research limitations/implications The training programme of participation in SAIPs has massive implications for food security, rural economy and farmers’ livelihoods. However, due to the unique conditions prevailing in Northwestern Ghana, the findings of this research are limited in terms of their generalisability. Future research direction in the area of SAIPs trainings and impact study replications in all qualifying rural food production areas in Ghana, which are susceptible to household food insecurity, will provide a national picture of the efficacy of SAIPs trainings on household food insecurity. Practical implications A proven means to decrease natural resource degradation, increase crops yields, and increase subsistence farmers’ income, and food security is an important intervention to resolve the seasonal food shortage, which last for five months in a typical year for agro-food-dependent farming communities in Northwestern Ghana. Social implications Ensuring household food security improvement and environmental sustainability will help improve living standards of food producers and reduce the adverse social challenges associated with food insecure communities such as health problems due to food deficiencies, social inequalities, environmental pollution and natural resource degradation in Northwestern Ghana. Originality/value The contribution of this paper is the novel thought and approach to examine the impact of the SAIPs trainings on household food security in Northwestern Ghana using the household food insecurity access scale indicator. The study also examined the factors that affect household food security using the endogenous treatment model, which also evaluates the impact of the training programme on the outcome variable.
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Dzogbenuku, Robert Kwame, and Solomon Abekah Keelson. "Marketing and entrepreneurial success in emerging markets: the nexus." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 13, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjie-12-2018-0072.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the interconnection between marketing and entrepreneurship among small and medium scale enterprises in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative data were obtained from 113 micro, small and medium scale enterprises (SME) into services, manufacturing and agriculture selected conveniently within the Tema metropolis, a harbour city in Ghana; however, purposive sampling was used to choose owners and managers as respondents pre-occupied with marketing and entrepreneurial roles. These voluntary informants have operated between 4 and 9 years. Findings The study reveals a significant relationship between five dimensions of the study including market orientation and entrepreneurial success; customer orientation and entrepreneurial success; competitor orientation and entrepreneurial success; intelligence generation; and entrepreneurial success, including information dissemination and entrepreneurial success. Research limitations/implications Blending marketing with entrepreneurial initiatives has the propensity to accelerate success for wealth and job creation for national development especially in emerging markets where poverty and under development abounds. Adoption of basic marketing principles enables local entrepreneurs to become vehicles for social re-engineering and for rapid socio-economic growth, which ultimately affects lives at the local level. The study was limited to opinion of SME managers and owners of a harbour city. Practical implications Application of basic marketing principles influences entrepreneurial success in emerging markets (EMs) highlighting opinions of managers and owners of SMEs strategy warranting attention of stakeholders. Thus, the study validates theoretical model of how prudent marketing and entrepreneurial attitude contributes entrepreneurial success. It also provides a new perspective on marketing principles and success in emerging markets. Social implications Consciously incorporating basic marketing principles into operations of MSMEs will impact performances; hence, social lives of entrepreneurs will be affected positively. Originality/value This study being among the few in sub-Saharan Africa highlights how application of marketing principles to entrepreneurial operations is a vital role in growing local MSMEs unto the world stage. Therefore, blending basic marketing principles with entrepreneurial initiatives will accelerate wealth and job creation and national development to achieve the world's sustainable development goals aimed at reducing poverty.
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Abdul Rahman, Nurudeen, Asamoah Larbi, Bekele Kotu, Fred Kizito, and Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon. "Evaluating Sustainable Intensification of Groundnut Production in Northern Ghana Using the Sustainable Intensification Assessment Framework Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155970.
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The sustainable intensification of crop production system requires the efficient use of resources. A 3-year on-farm experiment was conducted to determine the sustainability of plant density for groundnut production in Northern Ghana using the sustainable intensification assessment framework (SIAF). The SIAF allows the assessment of the sustainable intensification potential of the agricultural system in five domains: productivity, economics, environment, human, and social. The experiment was laid out in a strip plot design with six groundnut varieties (early maturity type: Chinese, Yenyewoso, and Samnut 23, and late maturity type: Azivivi, Mani pinta, and Samnut 22) as the horizontal plot factor and four plant densities (22, 15, 11, and 9 plant/m2) as the vertical plot factor. Using the SIAF as a guide, data on grain and fodder yield (productivity), net income and benefit cost ratio (economic), vegetative cover at 30, 40, and 50 days after planting and harvesting and biological nitrogen fixation (environment), calorie and protein production (human), and technology rating by gender (social) were recorded to calculate the sustainability indices of the treatments. The results showed that the sustainability indices for the Yenyewoso and Mani pinta groundnut varieties were above 1 in all the regions, indicating that both groundnut maturity types are sustainable for cultivation in the Northern regions of Ghana. Planting both groundnut maturity types at a density of 22 plant/m2 increased the sustainability index threefold compared with the farmer practice (9 plant/m2) and 79% compared with the 11 and 15 plant/m2. This suggests that planting groundnut at a density of 22 plant/m2 will sustainably intensify groundnut production in Northern Ghana and similar agro-ecologies across West Africa.
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Ehiakpor, Dennis Sedem, Gideon Danso-Abbeam, and Yussif Mubashiru. "Adoption of interrelated sustainable agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Ghana." Land Use Policy 101 (February 2021): 105142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105142.
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Obeng-Ofori, D. "Calneem: A commercial neem seed-based biopesticide for sustainable management of pests of vegetables in Ghana." Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 1, no. 3 (February 21, 2018): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v1i2.31.
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The production of vegetable crops is a major agricultural activity of small and medium-scale farmers in Ghana and has a greatpotential to increase the income levels growers. However, vegetable production is constrained among other factors by attackby insect pests, diseases, nematodes and the declining soil fertility, necessitating the use of pesticides and artificial fertilizers.Currently, the main method of controlling pests and diseases of vegetable crops is the use of synthetic pesticides. This paperexamines the environmental, food safety, health and other problems inherent in the dependency on conventional pesticidesto control crop pests in Ghana and advocates the need to develop a sustainable and environmentally sound alternative pestmanagement strategy using neem pesticides as the major component. Native to India and Burma, the neem tree, Azadirachataindica A. Juss was introduced to Africa earlier this century and is now well established in at least 78 countries, including Ghanawhere it has become an important source of fuel, lumber and biopesticides. Neem products are broad spectrum bio-pesticideswhich are effective against several pests of vegetables, food crops, fruit and other tree crops. Using the results of extensive fieldtrials conducted in two locations in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, the paper would demonstrate the practical utilization ofCalneem oil and Neem seed extract for sustainable protection of okra and cucumber against pest infestation in Ghana. It wouldalso show that neem pesticides are less harmful to some beneficial organisms in the vegetable agro-ecosystem such as certain antspecies, lady bird beetles, dragon flies and other predators. Practical challenges to widespread application of neem bio-pesticidesfor sustainable crop protection in Ghana are discussed.
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Webber, Paul. "Agrarian change in Kusasi, north-east Ghana." Africa 66, no. 3 (July 1996): 437–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160961.
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This article examines the nature of agrarian change in the Kusasi area of north-east Ghana. In focusing upon the dynamic of population growth the study has relevance to the recently rejoined discussion concerning the relationship between population growth and agricultural change. The context in which population growth is proceeding in Kusasi is presented as significantly different from that of other parts of tropical Africa where population growth has been recognised as the dynamic bringing about more productive and sustainable systems. In Kusasi's peripheral and subsistence-oriented economy population growth has led to increased pressure on the biological resources of the region. The permanent compound farming system of the area is now increasingly unable to provide sufficient subsistence for household needs, and, although expansion of farmland into areas recently freed from onchocerciasis is taking place, this is interpreted as merely a temporary respite in the interrelated processes of continuing environmental degradation and declining productivity under the prevailing agricultural system. The article raises the question of how, in the absence of progressive change brought about by population growth, development for regions like Kusasi is to be envisaged. Current programmes of agricultural development are considered in the context of past initiatives.
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Salau, Wahab, and Paul Ifatokun Ifabiyi. "HYDRO-GEOMORPHIC FACTORS AND THE POTENTIAL OF HYDROKINETIC POWER PRODUCTION UPSTREAM OF IKERE GORGE DAM, NIGERIA." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i1.9511.
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The operation of hydrokinetic turbine depends on river flow and pressure head (∆H) which are of high potential in many parts of Nigeria. This study attempts the analysis of the potential of the area upstream of Ikere Gorge dam for hydrokinetic potential. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to determine the hydrological parameters of the sub-basins. Pearson Moment Correlation and linear regression methods were used to find the relationships between morphometric properties and the discharge parameters. Hydrological modeling and statistical computations were done to estimate the theoretical potential of the catchment. The result shows that River Oshe has 9.542 MW, which is the highest potential while River Konsun with 1.161 MW has the lowest potential Pearson Moment Correlation shows that there is strong positive relation of 0.7 between slope and pressure head (∆H) at 0.05 significant levels. The result of the multiple regression show that hydro-geomorphic factors explained 59.1% of the variance in the explanation of hydrokinetic power potential upstream of Ikere gorge dam.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Asare, Yaw. "APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR ADDRESSING FOOD SECURITY IN GHANA." International Journal of Advanced Economics 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v1i1.50.
Full textAbstract:
The contribution of the Horticultural farming for Ghana economy is that it produces horticultural products which generate income for poor farmers and foreign reserves for the country by means of exporting products. With appropriate policies and technologies like biotechnology, horticulture increases the incomes of smallholder farmers, enhancing rural development. Conventional plant breeding techniques have made considerable progress in the development of improved varieties of horticultural products, there is still room for major improvement which can be achieved using the biotechnology. There is the need to integrate biotechnology to speed up crop improvement programs. Biotechnological tools have revolutionized the entire crop improvement programs by providing new strains of plants, supply of planting material, more efficient and selective pesticides and improved fertilizers. This study assesses the relationship between horticultural farming, biotechnology and food security. The impact of biotechnology on the welfare of smallholder farmers is also assessed. The paper concludes that the role of biotechnology in food security in Ghana cannot be overemphasized but still has a long way to go. Agricultural production and productivity problems in developing countries like Ghana go beyond technological solutions alone; already existing challenges of smallholder farmers should be addressed first. Biotechnology could however contribute to sustainable development by increasing agricultural productivity using new breeding techniques. It can also increase the revenues in agricultural production.
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Owusu, Kwadwo, Selorm K. Darkey, and Sylvester A. Boadi. "El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, rainfall variability and sustainable agricultural development in the Ho Municipality, Ghana." Natural Resources Forum 43, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12161.
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