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1
Nadeak, Nurpine, Rommy Qurniati, and Wahyu Hidayat. "Analisis Finansial Pola Tanam Agroforestri Di Desa Pesawaran Indah Kecamatan Padang Cermin Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 1, no. 1 (2014): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1165-74.
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Agroforestry in Indonesian language simply means as planting trees on agricultural land.Land’s management with sustainable agroforestry systems expected to be able improve field productivity. It has needed to do financial analysis for agroforestry cropping patterns. It based on some of dominant plant species in agroforestry cropping patterns.This study conducted in the Pesawaran Indah Village of Padang Cermin Subdistrict on Pesawaran District in March-May 2012. The study aims to determine a profitable agroforestry cropping patterns based on financial analysis. Sampling used by purposive sampling technique. Financial analysis of agroforestry cropping pattern used the NPV, BCR and IRR with feasibility age of 20 years and an interest rate of 12%.The results showed that there are 9 agroforestry cropping patterns applied. Analysis showed that agroforestry cropping patterns is financially viable to be applied. Among 9 cropping pattern, pattern VI which is combination of Cocoa, Coconut and Banana has the highest profit with NPV is Rp 71.392.802,34,-, BCR of 7,39 and an IRR of 96%.Key words : agroforestry, financial analysis, pattern
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Kong, Fanlei, Tongliang Li, Wei Zhang, et al. "Improvement of Climate Resource Utilization in the Southwestern Hilly Region through the Construction of a New Multi-Maturing Cropping System." Agronomy 14, no. 6 (2024): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061154.
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The construction of an appropriate cropping pattern is crucial for the improvement of regional agricultural economic efficiency and sustainable development. Despite previous efforts, there remains a gap in optimizing cropping patterns that fully leverage climate resources to enhance production efficiency. This study addresses this gap by systematically comparing the differences in climate resource allocation, production efficiency and crop response among models by constructing four new triple-maturing cropping models at typical ecological sites in the hilly areas of southwest China. To solve the above problems, we constructed eight cropping patterns and classified them to three as follows: the Traditional Double Cropping System, the Traditional Triple Cropping System, the Novel Triple Cropping System. The results showed that the new multi-maturing planting pattern was significantly better than the traditional two-maturing netting pattern and the traditional three-maturing planting pattern in terms of light, temperature and water productivity. Compared with the traditional two-maturity net cropping model and the traditional three-maturity cropping model, the new cropping model increased light energy productivity by 97.88% and 50.00%, respectively; light energy use by an average of 0.48% and 0.31%; cumulative temperature productivity by an average of 84.70% and 49.14%; and rainfall productivity by an average of 101.04% and 49.61%. An assessment of the light, temperature and water meteorological resource use efficiency of the different treatments showed that the resource use efficiency of the new multi-maturing planting pattern was on average 111.58% and 74.78% higher than that of the traditional two-maturing net planting pattern and the traditional three-maturing planting pattern, with the T6 pattern having the highest resource use efficiency. The new multi-ripening cropping pattern has demonstrated production stability in response to changes in light, temperature and water resources, better adapting to weekly climate changes, stabilizing yields and improving efficiency. In summary, the results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing cropping patterns and promoting the use of climate resources in agriculture and sustainable development. Future research should focus on further refining these models, exploring their adaptability to various climatic conditions, and evaluating their long-term economic and environmental impacts.
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Khanum, M. M., M. M. Bazzaz, M. Nuruzzaman, M. S. Huda, and M. A. A. A. Muzahid. "DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATE CROPPING PATTERN AGAINST TOMATO-FALLOW- T. AMAN RICE IN MEDIUM HIGH LAND OF DINAJPUR." Reviews In Food And Agriculture 1, no. 1 (2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.01.2020.18.21.
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The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Dinajpur during Mid December to end of November for two consecutive years (2017-18 and 2018-19) to develop an economically sustainable and profitable cropping pattern over existing pattern. Three alternate cropping patterns Tomato-T. Aus-T. Aman, Tomato-Summer onion-T. Aman, Tomato-Indian Spinach-T. Aman were introduced against the existing cropping pattern Tomato–Fallow–T. Aman rice. The experiment was carried out in RCB design with three replications. The highest REY (35.91 t/ha) was recorded from the cropping pattern Tomato-Indian Spinach-T. Aman followed by Tomato-Summer onion-T. Aman (31.26 t/ha) and Tomato-T. Aus-T. Aman (29.04 t/ha). The lowest REY (24.48 t/ha) was obtained from the cropping pattern Tomato-Fallow-T. Aman (Farmers practice). The gross return and gross margin were higher in the alternate cropping patterns compared to existing cropping pattern due to additional yield of T. Aus rice, Summer Onion and Indian Spinach. Therefore, farmers in Dinajpur region of Bangladesh could follow alternate cropping pattern in their medium high land where lands remain fallow after harvesting of Tomato for higher crop productivity and profitability.
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Ferdous, Z., M. Anwar, Z. Haque, MK Islam, MUS Khatun, and MA Alam. "Sustainable food security through cropping system analysis using different farming technologies at northern region of Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 28, no. 3 (2017): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v28i3.34656.
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Productivity of the cropping system is critical to the food security of Bangladesh. However, many concerns about the sustainability of cropping system exist because of lack of advance knowledge of farming. In this context, a study was performed in the agro-ecological zone of the Tista Mendar Floodplain agro ecological zone (AEZ-3) at Jaldhaka subdistrict under Nilphamary district of Bangladesh. By reorganization of existing cropping patterns (using Linear Programming Model) gross output (7% to 21%), gross margin (12% to 20%) and labour employment (6% to 20%)have been increased from plan1(existing plan) to plan2 (by reorganization of existing lands). The cause of increase gross output, gross margin andlabour employment was some cultivated land from less efficient cropping patterns has been transferred to more efficient cropping patterns. Again, by reorganization of existing and improved cropping patterns, some lands of existing patterns have been shifted to improved cropping pattern. As a result, gross out (17% to 31%), gross margin (27% to 32%) and labour employment (13% to 26%) have been raised from plan1 to plan 3 (by combination of improved technologies with existing technologies). The result of on farm demonstration showed gross output, gross margin and labour employment have been increased 24% to 53%, 32% to 51% and 12% to 47% from plan1 to plan 3, respectively. So, this study suggest, optimum farm plan with the combination of existing and improved cropping pattern will increase farm output and generate additional employment and improved food security.Progressive Agriculture 28 (3): 204-215, 2017
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Muttaleb, MA, SM Shahidullah, M. Nasim, and A. Saha. "Cropping Systems and Land Use in Sylhet Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (2018): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38211.
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Towards the sustainable food security for a particular area, the policymakers, researchers, extension and development agents need the detailed information of cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity. Sylhet, a potential region of enormous potentiality of growing crops across the haor area lying below the northeastern Himalyan foothills experience the highest rainfall in the world to make the basin prone to flashflood. That is why, a study was conducted in the region considering all the upazillas during 2016 using the pretested semi-structured questionnaire and validated by appropriate informants with a view to documenting the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity in the region. As per the study the region is dominated by the rice based cropping pattern. The non-rice based cropping pattern are either few or the area under those cropping patterns are not enough to satisfy the non-rice food requirement of people of the region. Beside these, the cropping patterns and crop diversity appeared as below the expected level. Therefore, much thrust is needed to initiate research and development activities to diversify the single or double-cropped cropping pattern with the introduction of appropriate crops and crop varieties even other non-crop agricultural commodities.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 273-288
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Hasan, Md Tanbir, Md Shahidul Alam, Md Zulfikar Haider Prodhan, Md Monowarul Islam Chowdhury, and Md Aminul Islam. "Profitability Analysis of a Four Crop Based Cropping Pattern in Bogura Region of Bangladesh." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 6 (2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.6.387.
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Farmers in the Bogura region benefit significantly from the systematic use of crop rotation. The experiment was performed at the Shibganj, Bogura, in 2015-16 and 2016-17 to create a potato-Boro-radish-T. Aman rice crop sequence that would compete with the potato-Boro-T. Aman rice crop sequence. Primary objectives of the experiment were to determine the cost of producing enhanced Potato-Boro-Radish-T. Aman rice and compare it to current potato-boro-t. aman rice. There were two patterns: Current Cropping Pattern Potato (BARI Alu-8)-Boro (BRRI dhan 28)-T. Aman (BRRI dhan-49) and Alternative Cropping Pattern Potato (BARI Alu-25)-Boro (BRRI dhan 28) -Radish (Rocky)-T. Aman (BRRI dhan-57). The research revealed that an alternative cropping pattern required average crop duration of 315 days to complete one cycle in a year, implying that a four multiple cropping sequence was economically viable to replace the current cropping pattern. In terms of mean REY, the total grain/tuber yield was 42.80 t/ha/year, which was 66% greater than the current pattern (25.76 t/ha/year). The overall production efficiency (185.14 kg/ha/day), usage of land (86.16%), and engagement in the population (660 man-days/ha/year) of the alternative cropping pattern were 45, 7, and 41% higher, respectively, than the current cropping pattern. Alternative cropping patterns had the gross benefit of 274911 Tk./ha/year, indicating that they were sparingly sustainable. The alternative crop sequence also improved crop strength, growers' real understanding, technique, profits, and engagement. Furthermore, by trying to incorporate T. aman straw into soil with an alternative cropping pattern, it promotes soil health. As a result, farmers in Bangladesh's Bogura region may employ a different planting pattern on their variable land in order to boost production and profitability while also creating jobs.
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Mohanty, Sarbeswar, and Falguni Pattanaik. "Changes in cropping pattern for sustainable agriculture in Odisha." Agricultural Research Journal 54, no. 4 (2017): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2017.00107.7.
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Ullah, Rehmat, Shehzada Munawar Mehdi, Khalid Saif Ullah Khan, Aftab Ahmed Sheikh, Sigit Mujiharjo, and Muhammad Saud. "Soil Water Release Curves : Indicator to Suit Sustainable Cropping Scheme under Sloppy Rain-Fed Climatic Conditions of Pothowar Plateau of Punjab-Pakistan." AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 1 (2018): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/agritropica.1.1.9-24.
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In arid environment, limitations of crop productivity could be improved by soil management practices like soil conservation measures, tillage and reducing slopes through terracing on different cropping patterns. These patterns include area as Wheat-Maize (WMCP) and Wheat-Fodder (WFCP) in Kahuta (high rainfall climatic area), Wheat-Millet-Fallow (WMFCP) and Wheat- Millet-Lentil (WMLCP) in Khairimurat (medium rainfall climatic area) and Wheat-Fallow (WFCP) and Fallow-Groundnut (FGCP) in Pindi Gheb (low rainfall climatic area). In areas that have more crop water requirements the yield of these crops has been affected when the drought prevails. Our results evidenced that more average soil water content (ASWC) was available in high to medium height terraces in WMCP and low to medium in WFCP of Kahuta area. ASWC remained more in high to medium height terraces under all cropping pattern of Khairimurat during September. ASWC remained more in low to medium height terraces under all cropping pattern of Pindi Gheb during September and December. Equidistantly, soil water release curve also indicated that medium rainfall sites had more plant water availability as compared to high and low rainfall sites. Yield relationship to plant water availability revealed significance for intrusion of modified cropping patterns rather than existing cropping patterns on sustained basis. Finally, our study suggests that cropping patterns of high and low rainfall areas should adjusted by growing low water requirement crops in summer seasons to cope the drought period for the sustainability of agriculture under rainfed climatic conditions. Keywords : cropping patterns, Pothowar Plateau, soil water contents, soil water release curve, sloppy lands
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Ullah, Rehmat, Shehzada Munawar Mehdi, Khalid Saif Ullah Khan, Aftab Ahmed Sheikh, Sigit Mujiharjo, and Muhammad Saud. "Soil Water Release Curves : Indicator to Suit Sustainable Cropping Scheme under Sloppy Rain-Fed Climatic Conditions of Pothowar Plateau of Punjab-Pakistan." AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 1 (2018): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/agt.1.1.9-24.
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In arid environment, limitations of crop productivity could be improved by soil management practices like soil conservation measures, tillage and reducing slopes through terracing on different cropping patterns. These patterns include area as Wheat-Maize (WMCP) and Wheat-Fodder (WFCP) in Kahuta (high rainfall climatic area), Wheat-Millet-Fallow (WMFCP) and Wheat- Millet-Lentil (WMLCP) in Khairimurat (medium rainfall climatic area) and Wheat-Fallow (WFCP) and Fallow-Groundnut (FGCP) in Pindi Gheb (low rainfall climatic area). In areas that have more crop water requirements the yield of these crops has been affected when the drought prevails. Our results evidenced that more average soil water content (ASWC) was available in high to medium height terraces in WMCP and low to medium in WFCP of Kahuta area. ASWC remained more in high to medium height terraces under all cropping pattern of Khairimurat during September. ASWC remained more in low to medium height terraces under all cropping pattern of Pindi Gheb during September and December. Equidistantly, soil water release curve also indicated that medium rainfall sites had more plant water availability as compared to high and low rainfall sites. Yield relationship to plant water availability revealed significance for intrusion of modified cropping patterns rather than existing cropping patterns on sustained basis. Finally, our study suggests that cropping patterns of high and low rainfall areas should adjusted by growing low water requirement crops in summer seasons to cope the drought period for the sustainability of agriculture under rainfed climatic conditions. Keywords : cropping patterns, Pothowar Plateau, soil water contents, soil water release curve, sloppy lands
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Ullah, Rehmat, Shehzada Munawar Mehdi, Khalid Saif Ullah Khan, Aftab Ahmed Sheikh, Sigit Mujiharjo, and Muhammad Saud. "Soil Water Release Curves : Indicator to Suit Sustainable Cropping Scheme under Sloppy Rain-Fed Climatic Conditions of Pothowar Plateau of Punjab-Pakistan." AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 1 (2018): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agritropica.1.1.9-24.
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In arid environment, limitations of crop productivity could be improved by soil management practices like soil conservation measures, tillage and reducing slopes through terracing on different cropping patterns. These patterns include area as Wheat-Maize (WMCP) and Wheat-Fodder (WFCP) in Kahuta (high rainfall climatic area), Wheat-Millet-Fallow (WMFCP) and Wheat- Millet-Lentil (WMLCP) in Khairimurat (medium rainfall climatic area) and Wheat-Fallow (WFCP) and Fallow-Groundnut (FGCP) in Pindi Gheb (low rainfall climatic area). In areas that have more crop water requirements the yield of these crops has been affected when the drought prevails. Our results evidenced that more average soil water content (ASWC) was available in high to medium height terraces in WMCP and low to medium in WFCP of Kahuta area. ASWC remained more in high to medium height terraces under all cropping pattern of Khairimurat during September. ASWC remained more in low to medium height terraces under all cropping pattern of Pindi Gheb during September and December. Equidistantly, soil water release curve also indicated that medium rainfall sites had more plant water availability as compared to high and low rainfall sites. Yield relationship to plant water availability revealed significance for intrusion of modified cropping patterns rather than existing cropping patterns on sustained basis. Finally, our study suggests that cropping patterns of high and low rainfall areas should adjusted by growing low water requirement crops in summer seasons to cope the drought period for the sustainability of agriculture under rainfed climatic conditions. Keywords : cropping patterns, Pothowar Plateau, soil water contents, soil water release curve, sloppy lands
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Parvin, N., A. Khatun, MK Quais, and M. Nasim. "Cropping Pattern, Intensity and Diversity in Dhaka Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (2018): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38200.
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Sustainable crop production in Bangladesh through improvement of cropping intensity and crop diversity in rice based cropping system is regarded as increasingly important in national issues. Planning of agricultural development largely depends on the authentic, reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area, which will provide guideline to our policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. The study was conducted over all 46 upazilas of Dhaka agricultural region in 2015 using pretested semi-structured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity in the region. From the present study, it was observed that about 48.27% net cropped area (NCA) is covered by exclusive rice cropping systems whereas deep water rice occupied about 16.57% of the regional NCA. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow−T. Aman alone occupied about 22.59% of net cropped area (NCA) with its distribution over 32 upazilas out of 46. The second largest area was covered by single Boro cropping pattern, which was spread over 44 upazilas. Total number of cropping patterns was observed 164. The highest number of cropping pattern was identified 35 in Tangail sadar and Dhamrai upazila of Dhaka district and the lowest was seven in Bandar of Narayanganj and Palash of Narsingdi district. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported as 0.70 in Dhamrai followed by 0.72 in Monohardi of Narsingdi. The highest value of CDI was observed as 0.97 in Tangail sadar followed by 0.95 in Dhamrai of Dhaka and Bhuanpur of Tangail. The range of cropping intensity value was recorded 124-239%. The maximum CDI was observed in Saturia upazila of Manikganj district and minimum in Sreenagar upazila of Munsiganj district. The CDI value for Dhaka region was calculated 0.94 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 191%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 123-141
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Rajagukguk, Charles Parlindungan, Indra Gumay Febryano, and Susni Herwanti. "The Change of Plant Species Composition and Plant Pattern on Management of Damar Agroforestry." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 6, no. 3 (2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl3618-27.
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The changes in the composition of plant species and cropping patterns have occurred in the management of Damar agroforest in Desa Kesugihan, Lampung Selatan. There are some reasons that farmers consider to make decisions in choosing plant species and cropping patterns. This study aimed to identify the reasons of farmers in the decision making of plant species selection and cropping pattern on agroforestry management of damar. Primary data collection was conducted by using an in-depth interview method on seven key informants and participant observation. The collected data is qualitative data and analyzed descriptively based on the real-life choice theory by Gladwin. The results showed that there was a change of plant species composition and cropping pattern on resin agroforestry to become cocoa agroforestry. This is affected by income, production continuity, gestation period, ease of maintenance and harvest, local knowledge and tolerance of the main plant to be planted with another crop. The dominant crop pattern was a combination of cocoa as the main plant with cengkeh, petai, tangkil, and durian. Another crop pattern was a combination between resin as the main plant species with cengkeh, durian, coconut, and petai. Comprehension and contribution from related stakeholders in the development of community forestry are fully needed to support sustainable agroforestry management.Keywords: agroforestry of Damar, decision making, plant composition, plant species selection, cropping pattern
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SUN, S. K., P. T. WU, Y. B. WANG, and X. N. ZHAO. "Impact of changing cropping pattern on the regional agricultural water productivity." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 5 (2014): 767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614000938.
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SUMMARYWater scarcity is a major constraint of agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas. In the face of future water scarcity, one possible way the agricultural sector could be adapted is to change cropping patterns and make adjustments for available water resources for irrigation. The present paper analyses the temporal evolution of cropping pattern from 1960 to 2008 in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), China. The impact of changing cropping patterns on regional agricultural water productivity is evaluated from the water footprint (WF) perspective. Results show that the area under cash crops (e.g. sunflower and melon) has risen phenomenally over the study period because of increased economic returns pursued by farmers. Most of these cash crops have a smaller WF (high water productivity) than grain crops in HID. With the increase of area sown to cash crops, water productivity in HID increased substantially. Changing the cropping pattern has significant effects on regional crop water productivity: in this way, HID has increased the total crop production without increasing significantly the regional water consumption. The results of this case study indicate that regional agricultural water can be used effectively by properly planning crop areas and patterns under irrigation water limitations. However, there is a need to foster a cropping pattern that is multifunctional and sustainable, which can guarantee food security, enhance natural resource use and provide stable and high returns to farmers.
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Chichongue, Oscar, Johan van Tol, Gert Ceronio, and Chris Du Preez. "Effects of Tillage Systems and Cropping Patterns on Soil Physical Properties in Mozambique." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (2020): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100448.
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Conservation agriculture (CA) practices are advocated to reduce soil degradation, resulting in more sustainable food production as compared to conventional tillage (CT). In this study, the short-term effects of two tillage systems in combination with cropping patterns on selected soil physical parameters on four experimental sites in Mozambique were studied. The study sites differ according to their climatic conditions, soil types, and crop adaptation. Tillage systems evaluated were CA and CT, while the cropping pattern had four levels of sole cropping and three levels of intercropping. In general, soil physical properties showed significant changes due to the tillage systems, but the cropping pattern and their interaction with tillage systems did not yield significant impacts on the soil physical properties. CA increased bulk density, penetration resistance, and saturated hydraulic conductivity as compared to CT. A significant difference due to the tillage system was observed across the four sites, and in general, evaporation was higher in CT compared to CA. The presence of crop residues in CA contributed to lower evaporation. Thus, in the short term, CA practices could be a sustainable option to conserve soil water through higher infiltration and less evaporation.
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Meher, S. K., S. Gurumayum, and Panchal Purnima M. "Optimal Cropping Pattern for Economic Sustainability Using Linear Programming Model." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 31, no. 6 (2025): 265–73. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2025/v31i63126.
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Agriculture remains the backbone of rural livelihoods, yet farmers often face challenges in maximizing income due to traditional cropping patterns and resource limitations. This study focuses on Optimal Cropping Pattern for Economic Sustainability through the lens of Profit optimization, using Piplav village in Anand district as a case study. Linear Programming (LP) Model methodology was applied to select an optimal cropping pattern that enhances farm profitability while considering constraints such as land availability, labour, and input costs. Primary data were collected through field surveys and the LP model was designed to identify the most economically viable crop combinations. Results demonstrate that by adopting the optimized cropping pattern, farmers can significantly increase their net income compared to existing practices. The study highlights the potential of mathematical programming as a practical decision-making tool for rural farmers, encouraging a shift toward more sustainable and profitable agricultural systems. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, extension workers, and farming communities aiming to strengthen economic resilience in the agricultural sector. In future research, methods such as multi-objective programming and advanced computational models could be employed to address a broader range of variables, including environmental sustainability, rainfall variability, and changing market trends. Additionally, optimization techniques based on artificial intelligence will be explored to enhance the accuracy and adaptability of solutions under real-world field conditions. These approaches aim to develop more robust and practical strategies for crop planning, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural development.
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Sultan, Mochamad Adieb, C. Furqon, and Fanji Wijaya. "Triple Layer Business Model Canvas Design of Arabica Coffee Agroindustry Supply Chain in Bandung Regency." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Studies 1, no. 2 (2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijeass.v1i2.744.
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The coffee industry is an industry that needs to be considered because coffee is one of the commodities that give a lot of impact to the welfare of farmers. The tendency of farmer groups in the coffee industry, they still do not understand good cropping patterns, as well as the benefits obtained by farmers if they manage cropping patterns so that the production process has an impact on improving welfare. Therefore, this study aims to develop a coffee business pattern and explore the business model built using the Business Model Canvas. Descriptive analytic methods and qualitative approaches are considered in this study. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, discussions with farmer groups, and observation. SWOT analysis was used to formulate TLBMC. The results of the study revealed that the cropping pattern and business of coffee farmer groups were in a growing position. Sustainable business development is depicted in TLBMC.
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Bera, Ananda Nanda, and Ranjan Roy. "An Insight into the Blockwise Cropping Intensity and Cropping Pattern Practices by the Tribal People of Jhargram District, West Bengal, India." Indian Journal of Spatial Science 15(3), Autumn (2024): 98–105. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13834446.
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In the Jhargram district, the tribal economy is primarily agriculture-based, characterized by a humid, tropical climate with extreme weather conditions and prone to severe droughts. The district's terrain, shaped by the gradual slopes of the Chotonagpur Plateau and characterized by infertile laterite soil, presents significant agricultural challenges. To enhance agricultural practices in Jhargram, it is essential to consider the unique socio-economic dynamics and traditional knowledge of the local tribes, promoting sustainable development and inclusive growth. This study examines cropping intensity and patterns across different blocks of Jhargram district, highlighting the need for sustainable farming techniques to ensure food security and long-term agricultural sustainability. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional survey approach with a sample of over seven hundred households, analyzing data from various sources. The study of Jhargram District's cropping patterns shows the Santhal tribe's engagement in mono (32.61%) and dual cropping (30.05%), with some poly-cropping (7.41%). Jhargram Block exhibits the highest cropping intensity at 148.39%, while Binpur-II and Sankrail have lower intensities. Thus, the findings highlight significant variations in cropping intensity and patterns among blocks and tribes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to enhance sustainable agricultural practices and improve food security.
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Nuruzzaman, Md, Most Mahbuba Khanum, Md Mahfuz Bazzaz, and Md Aminul Islam. "INCREASING CROPPING INTENSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH FOUR CROPS BASED CROPPING PATTERN IN DINAJPUR REGION OF BANGLADESH." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 3, no. 1 (2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.01.2022.01.05.
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A four crops-based trial was conducted for the two consecutive years at MLT site Raniganj, Sadar, Dinajpur and Kashiatola, Ghoraghat, Dinajpur during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to develop a sustainable and economically profitable cropping pattern Potato-Boro-T. Aus-T. Aman against the farmers existing pattern Fallow-Boro-Fallow-T.Aman. The experiment was carried out in RCB design with six dispersed replications. Suitable and short duration high yield potential varieties of different crops Potato ((BARI Alu-7), Boro (BRRRI dhan28) T.Aus (BRRI dhan48) and T.Aman (BRRI dhan62) were selected for the experiment. Grain yield of rice and potato tuber yield was satisfactory. Inclusion of two crops (Potato and T. Aus rice) in the existing pattern attributed to the higher system productivity. The improved alternate cropping pattern produced the higher gross return and gross margin compared to the farmers existing pattern. The marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) over the existing pattern was 2.01 at Ghoraghat and 1.85 at Raniganj which indicated the superiority of the alternate pattern over the farmer’s practice. Potato based cropping pattern could be most suitable and profitable pattern in these areas. From the two years observations in both the locations, four crops pattern could be recommended for higher system productivity and economic benefit along with for more employment opportunity.
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Dr., Ranjeet Kumar. "Changing Agricultural Patterns in Gaya District: Causes, Impacts and Future Prospects." International Journal of world Geology, Geography, Agriculture, forestry and Environment Sciences 2, no. 2 (2025): 49–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15495274.
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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong> <em>Water scarcity is a major constraint of agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas. In the face of future water scarcity, one possible way the agricultural sector could be adapted is to change cropping patterns and make adjustments for available water resources for irrigation. The present paper analyses the temporal evolution of cropping pattern from 1960 to 2008 in the Heaton Irrigation District Gaya. The impact of changing cropping patterns on regional agricultural water productivity is evaluated from the water footprint (WF) perspective. Results show that the area under cash crops has risen phenomenally over the study period because of increased economic returns pursued by farmers. Most of these cash crops have a smaller WF (high water productivity) than grain crops in HID. With the increase of area sown to cash crops, water productivity in HID increased substantially. Changing the cropping pattern has significant effects on regional crop water productivity: in this way, HID has increased the total crop production without increasing significantly the regional water consumption. The results of this case study indicate that regional agricultural water can be used effectively by properly planning crop areas and patterns under irrigation water limitations. However, there is a need to foster a cropping pattern that is multifunctional and sustainable, which can guarantee food security, enhance natural resource use and provide stable and high returns to farmers.</em>
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Nazrul, MI. "On-Farm Assessment of System Productivity of Wheat-Jute-T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern in Sylhet Region." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 19, no. 2 (2017): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v19i2.31857.
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The study was conducted to determine the yield and economic performance of two cropping patterns viz. IP: improved pattern (Wheat - Jute - T. aman) + improved management practice and FP: farmers pattern (Fallow - T. aus - T. aman) + management practice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications at farmers field in Sylhet region during two consecutive years of 2013-14 and 2014-15. Two years means data showed that the pattern with improved management practices provided 31% higher yield of T. aman rice and also contributed more rice equivalent yield compared to farmers practice. Sustainable yield index, production efficiency, and land use efficiency were the maximum with Wheat-Jute- T. aman cropping system. Similarly, highest mean gross margin and benefit cost ratio were attained in improved pattern. It was concluded that farmers of Sylhet region might follow Wheat (var. BARI Gom-26) - Jute (var. CVL-1) - T. aman (var. Binadhan-7) cropping system in medium high land for higher productivity and profitability.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 87-94
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Yang, Lucun, Jingjing Li, Yuanming Xiao, and Guoying Zhou. "Early Bolting, Yield, and Quality of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels Responses to Intercropping Patterns." Plants 11, no. 21 (2022): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212950.
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Intercropping is a sustainable method for cultivating medicinal herbs since it requires lower dependence on chemical fertilizers than a sole cropping system. In this study, we compared the effects of sole cropping and intercropping on early bolting, yield, and the chemical composition of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Field experiments were conducted, in 2018 and in 2019, using different cropping systems including sole cropping of A. sinensis (AS), sole cropping of Vicia faba (VF), and intercropping (without fertilization) at three ratios: one row of A. sinensis + three rows of V. faba, AS/VF (1:3), two rows of A. sinensis + two rows V. faba, AS/VF (2:2), three rows of A. sinensis + one row V. faba, AS/VF (3:1). The effect of each cropping system was evaluated by measuring the dry biomass of V. faba and the dry biomass, ferulic acid content, and essential oil content and composition of A. sinensis. The early bolting rate of A. sinensis was significantly lower in the intercropping system as compared with that in a sole cropping system. The AS/VF (3:1) intercropping pattern resulted in an optimal yield and the highest ferulic acid content of A. sinensis, highest dry biomass of V. faba, and highest land equivalent ratio (LER). Additionally, the A. sinensis was more aggressive (the aggressivity value of A. sinensis was positive, and its competitive ratio was >1) under AS/VF (3:1) intercropping pattern, and it dominated over V. faba (which had negative aggressivity values and a competitive ratio of <1) under AS/VF (3:1) intercropping pattern. Ligustilide was the most dominant component of the essential oil of A. sinensis, regardless of the cropping system; however, the chemical component of essential oil was not influenced by intercropping patterns. Overall, the AS/VF (3:1) intercropping pattern without fertilization was the most productive, with the highest LER and ferulic acid content. These data indicate that intercropping can serve as an alternative for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and intercropping also decreases the early bolting rate of A. sinensis, thus, enabling its sustainable production.
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Mushthofa, Mushthofa, Suripin Suripin, Dyah Ari Wulandari, and Mochammad Qomaruddin. "Smart Cropping Pattern: A Systematic Study of Sustainable Agriculture Optimization Model." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 5, no. 3 (2025): 491–99. https://doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v5i3.1132.
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Irrigated agriculture accounts for more than 40% of global food production despite covering only about 20% of the world's agricultural land. However, climate change, water constraints, and multisectoral pressures on natural resources demand greater efficiency in the management of agricultural systems. One key strategy is determining optimal cropping patterns under conditions of water and land constraints. This study aims to review mathematical approaches, especially Linear Programming (LP)-based optimization models, in developing efficient and sustainable cropping pattern strategies. This study was conducted through a systematic literature review of 185 scientific articles from the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases in the period 2014–2025. The analysis was carried out using the PRISMA method and visualization of research trends through VOS viewer software. The results of the review indicate that optimization models, especially Linear Programs, have been widely used to develop data-based land and water allocation strategies, considering agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects. The increasing number of publications in the last decade reflects the urgency of this theme and the shift towards quantitative-based decision-making in agricultural systems. This study provides a conceptual and applicative basis for the development of sustainable planting strategies that are adaptive to environmental changes.
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Kamrozzaman, MM, MAH Khan, S. Ahmed, and AFM Ruhul Quddus. "On-farm evaluation of production potential and economics of Wheat-Jute-T.aman rice-based cropping system." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, no. 1 (2016): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28724.
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The study was conducted to determine the yield and economic consequences of two cropping patterns viz. improved cropping pattern (Wheat-Jute-T.aman rice) and farmers, pattern (Wheat-Jute-T.aman rice) through incorporation of modern high yielding varieties and improved management practices for crop production. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with five dispersed replications in farmers condition in Faridpur during two consecutive years 2011-12 and 2012-13. Two years mean data showed that the improved management practices for the pattern provided significantly higher yield in Wheat, Jute and T.aman rice. The gross return (Tk. 265495/ha) and net return (Tk.123087/ha) of improved pattern were 9 % and 18 % higher, respectively compared to that of farmers pattern with only 3% extra cost. The higher benefit cost ratio, land use efficiency, production efficiency and sustainable yield index indicated the superiority of the improved pattern over the farmers practices.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 93-100, June 2015
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Joolaie, Ramtin, Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani, Fatemeh Taheri, Steven Van Passel, and Hossein Azadi. "Sustainable cropping pattern in North Iran: application of fuzzy goal programming." Environment, Development and Sustainability 19, no. 6 (2016): 2199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9849-9.
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Du, Guoming, Longcheng Yao, Le Han, and Faye Bonoua. "What Should Be Learned from the Dynamic Evolution of Cropping Patterns in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China? A Case Study of Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province." Land 12, no. 8 (2023): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12081574.
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Conventional and scientific cropping patterns are important in realizing the sustainable utilization of Black soil and promoting the high-quality development of agriculture. It also has far-reaching significance for protecting Black soil and constructing the crop rotation system to identify the cropping patterns in Northeast China and analyze their spatio-temporal dynamic change. Using the geo-information Tupu methods and transfer land matrix, this study identified the cropping patterns and their spatio-temporal change based on remote sensing data for three periods, namely 2002–2005, 2010–2013, and 2018–2021. The main results revealed that the maize continuous, mixed cropping, maize-soybean rotation, and soybean continuous cropping patterns were the main cropping patterns in Wangkui County, with the total area of the four patterns accounting for 95.28%, 94.66%, and 81.69%, respectively, in the three periods. Against the backdrop of global climate warming, the cropping patterns of continuous maize and soybean and the mixed cropping pattern in Wangkui County exhibited a trend towards evolving into a maize-soybean rotation in the northern region. Moreover, the maize-soybean rotation further evolved into a mixed cropping system of maize and soybean in the north. Furthermore, the spatio-temporal evolution of cropping patterns was significantly driven by natural and social factors. Specifically, natural factors influenced the spatio-temporal patterns of variation in cropping patterns, while social factors contributed to the transformation of farmers’ cropping decision-making behavior. Accordingly, new insights, institutional policies, and solid solutions, such as exploring and understanding farmers’ behavior regarding crop rotation practices and mitigating the natural and climatic factors for improving food security, are urgent in the black soil region of China.
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Pandey, Pradyumna Raj, Hemprabha Pandey, and Mitsuhiro Nakagawa. "Assessment of Rice and Maize Based Cropping Systems For Rural Livelihood Improvement in Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 10 (August 12, 2009): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v10i0.2131.
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This paper explores the assessment of rice and maize base cropping system in agro-ecological regions for sustainable rural livelihood development in Nepal. Analysis of 1994-2007 data showed rice-dominated cropping systems in the Plain region, as opposed to maize-dominated cropping systems in the Mountain and the Hill regions. The production increase was achieved mainly through increases in area. The growth in the yield of crops was very minimal in all three regions. During the last fifteen years, the cropping pattern changed slightly from Maize-Wheat to Maize-Paddy in the Mountain region, but no significant change was observed in the other two regions. The current rate of fertilizer application is lower than the recommended rate. Improved access to and availability of agricultural inputs is key to improve the production and yield of major food crops to achieve sustainable rural livelihood in the country. Key words: Agro-ecological-region; Cropping system; Farm income; Rural livelihood; sustainable livelihood The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 page: 67-75
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Hashemi, Masoumeh, Hamed Mazandarani Zadeh, Peyman Daneshkare Arasteh, and Mehdi Zarghami. "Economic and Environmental Impacts of Cropping Pattern Elements Using Systems Dynamics." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 5 (2019): 1020–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091308.
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Tragedies arising from poor water resources management and planning are significantly more relevant than climate change and frequent natural droughts, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Nearly 92% of total water is allocated to the agricultural sector in Iran. In this situation, cultivation patterns play an important role in agricultural water management. Evaluating the effect of each crop would help the stakeholders make a rational decision in choosing appropriate cropping patterns to avoid groundwater depletion as well as maintain their livelihoods. The Qazvin plain in Iran, whose aquifer has had a drawdown of nearly 20m during the last 15 years, was used in this case study. It has been modeled using system dynamics, which includes two subsystems: hydrology, for calculating groundwater level, and economy, for defining farmer’s income in the years from 1997 to 2011. The system dynamics, which included 17 crops, was developed after calibration by simple genetic algorithm and verification under extreme condition tests. To identify the economic and environmental effect of each of the crops, the system dynamics was run 18 times, removing crops one by one. It has been found that wheat plays an important role in causing a negative water balance but does not affect the farmers’ incomes as significantly as grapes. Two indicators, which included sustainable water resources and water exploitation, were employed to assess the scenarios as well. According to the results, no scenarios are fully sustainable for maintaining a steady aquifer, but scenario 1, which removed wheat from the cropping pattern, is the most sustainable and puts the least pressure on the aquifer.
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Jalal, Jebelli. "Adopting a Beneficial Carbon Farming in the Cropping Pattern Using an Optimization Technique: A Case Study." International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research 8, no. 8 (2022): 18–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7033588.
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Abstract<strong>—</strong> Plants can capture CO2 from the air and sequester it in the leaves through photosynthesis. Even additional carbon sequestration could be achieved by allowing higher cropping intensity on the same piece of land in a single cropping season. There is a growing demand that agricultural developers and practitioners consider carbon farming in the design of cropping patterns in order to intensify carbon sequestration and trade it as a carbon credit for extra financial benefits. However, adopting a sustainable carbon farming while respecting the farmer’s needed income and food security may seem a difficult task. Nevertheless, this fundamental challenge can be addressed using an optimization technique such as simplex linear programming (SLP). The Microsoft Excel program includes a SLP solver tool, which can easily be accessed from the Excel program Data menu after activating the Add-Ins part of the Excel Options. In this study, seven scenarios were developed to be analyzed by the SLP to investigate the various options of adopting carbon farming into the cropping pattern while maximizing either the individual or the combined benefits of farmer’s income and farmer’s food security for the Mekabo irrigation scheme in Ethiopia. The result shows that the optimized cropping pattern in scenario seven best satisfies the farmer’s food security and farmer’s income while still stimulating extra financial benefits from carbon farming. Alley cropping, multi-species-cover cropping, and no-till planting in scenario seven could encourage the highest rate of additional carbon sequestration so it could better contribute to the alleviation of global warming. This paper will discuss how the SLP is developed and applied leading to the attainment of an optimized cropping pattern while the financial benefit is maximized.
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Shaheb, Md Rayhan, Mahmudul Islam Nazrul, and MJU Sarker. "Production potentials and economics of chickpea-rice based cropping system in Sylhet area (AEZ 20)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 3 (2015): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21991.
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Global food and feed demands have been projected to double in the 21st century, which will further increase the pressure on the use of land, water and nutrients. To increase food productivity, production potential and economic returns, improvement of cropping system may play a vital role in this regards. A study was conducted to determine the economic consequences of two cropping patterns viz., ICP: Improved Cropping Pattern (Chickpea-T.Aus-T.Aman) and FECP: Farmers Existing Cropping Pattern (Fallow-T. Aus-T. Aman) through incorporation of modern high yielding varieties and improved management practices for crop production at farmers' fields of Sylhet during three consecutive years 2009-10, 2010-11, and 2011-12, respectively. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. The pooled data showed that the improved management practices for the pattern provided higher yield in T.Aus and T.Aman rice, respectively. The gross return and gross margin of ICP were higher compared to that of FECP with only 21% extra cost. The higher benefit cost ratio (2.20), rice equivalent yield (10.29 t/ha), production efficiency (27.36 kg/ha/day), land-use efficiency (91.32%) and sustainable yield index (0.41) indicated the superiority of the ICP over the FECP. Higher rice equivalent yield indicate that ICP is suitable in Sylhet region for increasing crop productivity and cropping intensity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21991 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 479-490, September 2014
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Sarker, Uttam Kumer, Md Salahuddin Kaysar, Md Romij Uddin, Md Alamgir Hossain, Sabry Hassan, and Mohamed M. Hassan. "Exploring Farmers’ Insight on Cropping Pattern for Sustainable Crop Production in Char Area of Bangladesh." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031745.
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Bangladesh is principally an agricultural country, where most people depend primarily upon their own farm production for endurance. In the char area, agriculture is multifaceted and labor-intensive, with a non-developed market, few technologies, and insufficient resources. Moreover, agroecological situations are multifarious for crop production. A study was performed in the chars of Rangpur, Gaibandha, Kurigram, and Lalmonirhat districts of Bangladesh to determine the existing situation of cropping patterns, farmers’ problems with crop cultivation, and probable solutions to minimize risk in crop production. Farmers, local leaders, and dealers, as well as both government and non-government personnel, were occupied in the study to congregate information on different aspects of crop production. The study indicated that the most dominant cropping pattern was T. Aman-Maize-Jute. Flood is the major climatic risk alleged by char dwellers. Additionally, char respondents are vulnerable, with more landless farmers, and dominated by crop cultivation compared to other professional work. In response to the accessible crop production risks, the char peoples are suggested to utilize some adjustment strategies in agriculture, such as implementing new or alternative cropping practices, rapid disease and pest management techniques, and cultivating short-duration varieties. The other outcomes of the study were designed to implement program planning and livelihood development of char people through attaining food security.
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Banowati, Eva, and Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti. "Developing the under stand cropping system (PLDT) for sustainable livelihood." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 28, no. 5 (2017): 769–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-08-2015-0163.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and develop a full-cycle teak (Tectona grandis) under stand cropping system or PLDT for sustainable livelihoods of forest village community in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach An experimental analysis was used, and the population consisted of units of land of the Community-based Forest Management (in Indonesian called Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan berbasis Masyarakat – PHBM) cultivated by 67 farmers. Further, farmers, the board of Forest Village Community Institution (in Indonesian called Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan – LMDH), and forestry officials were also involved. The method employed was a survey approach using forest mapping result as the primary data. Secondary data were obtained from the LMDH and PHBM documents, measurement of physical conditions, model plots, and focus group discussion. Findings Findings reveal that replacing polycultural cropping system with sequential cropping one is useful in improving farmers’ income. It was proven that the products of polycultural cropping contribute only 61.23 percent of proper income. Meanwhile, through the right selection of species of shade-tolerant crops and sequential cropping the contribution can be increased to 85.28 percent: an increase of more than 24 percent. This shows that PLDT is reliable for implementation by using certain seasonal plants and cropping pattern. Next, this research limits itself to an area having teak forest, and its practical implication is to provide an alternative way for generating income and food availability. Originality/value This paper is original and has unique value because it discusses issues related to seasonal plantation grown under long-circle crops for a better living condition. The proposed plant is environment-friendly and could possibly be applied to areas having teak forests.
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R, Ambika, and Krishnamoorthy K. "Determinant of Socio-Economic Sustainable Development." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, no. 3 (2019): 35–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2550009.
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The socio-economic survey is interference which lets administrations validate their strategic decisions. we get a lot of data about the social, political and economic aspects of a territory. The main issues of minimum level low socioeconomic status inference the poverty. The socio-economic survey is a development activity. In socio-economic development is based on the demographic details, household category wise, population, educational qualification status, landholding, and cropping pattern, livestock details of the village. In fact, literacy is significantly important for the overall progress of them nation
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Dr., Ganesh L. Jadhav Dr. Baliram P. Lahane. "CHANGING AGRICULTURAL LANDUSE AND CROPPING PATTERN FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MAHARASHTRA." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 2, no. 17 (2022): 72–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7053140.
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<strong><em>Abstract:-</em></strong> <em> Maharashtra has a diverse and unique physiography as well as wide variety of agro-climatic conditions. The availability of huge land, soil and water resources provide enough scope for the growth and development of agriculture and associated various crops. So, attempt is made here to analyse the changes in the agricultural landuse of Maharashtra from 1971-72 to 2018-19. Subsequently, changes in cropping pattern are discussed in similar way. The study reveals that the area under various categories has observed the rising trends of transformation with exception of net area sown. Net area sown is decreased due to development in industrial sector, urbanization and infrastructure facilities. The overall picture related to major crops has generally shown an upward trend with regard to area under major crops with some exception. The area cultivated under Soybean has tremendously increased from 1990-91 to 2018-19. The oilseeds like Groundnut and Other oilseeds have declined sharply. For sustainability in food grains and other crops, it is essential to bring waste areas under agricultural operations.</em>
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Hamdi, Fadil Hukama, J. Juniarti, and A. Agustian. "INDEKS KUALITAS TANAH PADA SATUAN LAHAN YANG DITANAMI JAGUNG DI KENAGARIAN MUNGKA, KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 2 (2021): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.25.
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Land continuously planted with corn will decrease land quality. Good land quality is needed to support soil function as a growing medium and keep a sustainable environment. This research was aimed to identify the soil quality index at land unit planted with corn in Mungka, ,Lima Puluh Kota Regency. This research used an explorative descriptive method through land survey and soil analyses in the laboratory. The samples were taken based on purposive random sampling at each land unit under the same slope (8%). There were three land units being sampled, and those were corn-corn, corn-eggplant, and corn-cassava cropping pattern. Corn-corn ropping pattern had the best soil quality index (0.89), followed by corn-cassava (0.86), and corn-eggplant (0.85) on the top 20 cm soil depth. On the 20-40 cm soil depth, the soil quality indices 0.82, 0.82, 0.83, for corn-eggplant, corn-corn, and corn-cassava cropping pattern, respectively. The quality index of the land under the corn cropping pattern was considered good either on the top 0-20 cm or 20-40 cm soil depth. This was due to the addition of organic matter from poultry manure to the land regularly. Based on this research, it is recommended to apply OM regularly to corn cropping pattern to keep a good soil quality index.
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Nazrul, MI, MK Hasan, and MRI Mondal. "Production potential and economics of mung bean in rice based cropping pattern in Sylhet region under AEZ 20." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 3 (2017): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i3.34500.
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The study was conducted at the farmers field in Sylhet under AEZ 20 during three consecutive years 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 to determine the productivity and profitability of cropping patterns viz., IP: improved pattern (Mung bean-T. aus-T. aman rice) and FP: farmer’s pattern (Fallow-T. aus-T. aman rice) through incorporation of high yielding varieties and improved management practices. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. Results showed that the improve pattern with management practices provided 10.85 and 14.32% higher grain yield of T. aus and T. aman rice, respectively; also contributed more T. aman mean rice equivalent yield (11.81 t ha-1) compared to farmer’s pattern. Mean sustainable yield index (77.63%), production efficiency (47.88 kg ha-1day-1), and land use efficiency (67.66%) were maximum in Mung bean-T. aus- T. aman rice cropping system. Similarly, the highest mean gross margin (Tk.126762 ha-1) with benefit cost ratio (2.10) was obtained from improved pattern. Three years results revealed that 42% extra cost provides an ample scope of considerable improvement of the productivity of improved pattern with the inclusion of Mungbean before T. aus rice.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 413-424, September 2017
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Lalehzari, R., S. Boroomand Nasab, H. Moazed, and A. Haghighi. "Multiobjective Management of Water Allocation to Sustainable Irrigation Planning and Optimal Cropping Pattern." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 142, no. 1 (2016): 05015008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000933.
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Fayiah, Moses, Alie Turay, Muloma Fayiah, Sanjay Singh, and Vasily Verkhoturov. "Multi-cropping: A land-use pattern that supports livelihood activities and prevents land degradation in Sierra Leone." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 103, no. 1 (2023): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2301433f.
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Land is a precious resource that requires adequate management attention to harness its potential of sustaining life and enhancing livelihood for all. The emergence of multi-cropping practices in Sierra Leone has negative and positive outcomes regarding environ-mental degradation. This article tries to synthesize multi-cropping land use challenges, benefits and role in tackling land degradation. The study was conducted in Mile 91 surrounding communities, Yoni Chiefdom, Tonkolili District, Northern provinces, Sierra Leone. A total of 100 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed. Additional data was collected through observation, group discussions and desktop review. The study reveals that multi-cropping practices, farming and deforestation were the main drivers of land-use change in the study. The key challenges facing the sustainable management of lands in Sierra Leone are obsolete land policies, complex land tenure system and conventional shifting cultivation practices. The land ownership system is strictly communal, with only a few families owning family bushes. The influx of recruited workers from overseas and other parts of Sierra Leone has positive and negative denotation. The study found that social problems like land confrontations, increase in food prices, school dropout rate, and dilution of traditional beliefs and norms are common in the study area. It is concluded that land-use change by multi-cropping is affecting the sustainable land management plan across the country. It is recommended that the government review past land policies and land tenure systems to tackle land confrontations soon.
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Vennila, Soorya, and K. Ramesh. "Women’s Labour and Sustainable Agriculture." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 26, no. 3 (2019): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521519861190.
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This article looks at the participation of women in irrigated agriculture in 32 districts of Tamil Nadu and found exceptional involvement in these three districts, which are topographically different from each other, namely Kanyakumari, Nilgiris and South Arcot. The study asked—how does contemporary agriculture support female participation and in turn how does this keep agricultural labour supply and food security sustainable? A range of research methods were used to explore the rationale for exceptional female participation in irrigated agriculture. It concluded that such participation arises because of the existing pattern of labour supply primarily by landowning farm women and labourers. This as a result of male preference for widespread skilled jobs, subsequent changing labour pattern due to male migration, matrilineal property ownership, cropping intensity, multi-tasking of women and the coordinated effort of women’s groups (SHGs) in accessing micro-credits. Finally, subsidies and incentives have further altered and effected greater labour supply of women in agriculture.
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Banjarnahor, Dina, and Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak. "Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Sumba Tengah Untuk Tanaman Pangan Serta Perancangan Pola Tanamnya Yang Spesifik Lokasi." Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment 16, no. 2 (2016): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/blje.2016.v16.i02.p04.
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The regency of Sumba Tengah in the province of East Nusa Tenggara relies on rainfall to support its dry land agriculture hence should be supported with land suitability evaluation and cropping pattern design for a more sustainable crop production. This study aims to evaluate land suitability for food crops in Sumba Tengah and formulate the appropriate precipitation-based cropping patterns. This work was carried out from March to June 2015. Stages of research were: 1) characterizing land attributes (climate and soil) by soil analysis and desk study, 2) assessing land suitability level by comparing land attributes and crops requirements, and 3) composing feasible cropping patterns by using water balance method. Soils of Sumba Tengah varied from sandy to clayey with low to neutral pH and low to very high content of organic carbon and nitrogen. Phosphate and potassium availability was very low. Sumba Tengah was exposed to only four wet months a year with annual precipitation of less than 2000 mm. This region was highly and moderately suitable for growing paddy, maize, tubers, and legumes. It was not suitable for wheat. Some of the northern part was arable merely for one cropping season in a year, mostly from December to April, with the alternative of growing paddy or other crops. The remaining was likely to cultivate for two cropping seasons. Legumes were recommended to include in the rotation for soil conservation. Shortage of irrigation led to the unlikeliness of three cropping seasons in a year.
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Maniruzzaman, M., M. Robiul Alam, MS Islam, MZ Islam, and MA Islam. "System productivity of wheat- sesame-t. Aman rice cropping pattern as influenced by varietal replacement." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 21, no. 2 (2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v21i2.44487.
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The study was carried out at Multi Location Testing site, Sujanagar, Pabna during two consecutive years of 2011-12 and 2012-13 growing season to assess the performance of the pattern with newly released crop varieties against the existing one usually practiced by the farmers with traditional varieties in order to increase yield and economic return. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications at farmer’s field. In improved pattern (IP) BARI Gom-26, BARI Til-4 and Binadhan-7 variety were used for wheat, sesame and T. aman rice, respectively. On the contrary in existing pattern (EP) farmers usually use BARI Gom-21, local (char shira) and Sharna cultivar for wheat, sesame and T. aman rice, respectively. The mean yield was recorded 4.66, 1.34 and 4.79 t ha-1 from wheat (BARI Gom-26), sesame (BARI Til-4) and T. aman (Binadhan-7) respectively from the improved cropping pattern whereas average yield 3.81, 0.98 and 4.58 t ha-1 was obtained from wheat (BARI Gom-21), sesame (local) and T. aman (Sharna), respectively from the existing pattern. Two years mean data also showed that improved pattern provided about 18% higher REY compared to existing pattern. Sustainable yield index and production efficiency were also found maximum with improved cropping pattern. Similarly, maximum gross margin and benefit cost ratio were obtained from improved cropping pattern.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(2): 13-18
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Noor, S., NC Shil, MM Uddin, and MK Alam. "Integrated Nutrient Management for Tomato-Okraindian Spinach Cropping Pattern." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 4 (2012): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11747.
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Field experiment on Tomato-Okra-Indian spinach cropping pattern was conducted at a farmers homestead of Tangail (AEZ 8) during 2007-08 and 2008-09 to find out a suitable combination of chemical fertilizers and organic manure for sustainable crop yield. There were 5 treatments comprising different percentages of the recommended chemical fertilizers (RCF) with two levels (0 and 5 t/ha) for tomato and three levels (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha) for okra each of poultry manure and cowdung. No organic manure was used for the third crop Indian Spinach. The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. An amount of 75% dose of RCF (N150P40K80S20Zn2B1 kg/ha) along with poultry manure @ 5 t/ha appeared as the best suited combination providing tomato yield 95.3 t/ha and 88.2 t/ha for the first year and second year, respectively. Again, an amount of 75% dose of RCF(N120P35K70S15Zn2B1 kg/ha) along with poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha appeared as the best package providing the highest okra yield (15.03 t/ha and 12.98 t/ha). The highest yield (36.3 t/ha and 33.7 t/ha for the first and second year, respectively) of Indian Spinach was recorded from (75% recommended N + PM residue), which was statistically identical with (100 % recommended N), but significantly higher over rest of the treatments. Poultry manure performed better over cow dung. A package of 75% recommended chemical fertilizer along with 5 t PM/ha appeared as the best suited combination providing higher yield and economic return. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11747 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 595-603, December 2011
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Hossain, MI, MI Hossain, MA Ohab, MHR Sheikh, and BL Nag. "Effect of Different Tillage Options and Residue Retention for Sustainable Crop Production in Wheatmungbean- Rice Cropping Pattern in Dry Areas." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 22, no. 2 (2020): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v22i2.47621.
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The study was conducted to know the productivity and soil fertility status of intensified rice-wheat (RW) systems by adding a third pre-rice crop mungbeani.ewheat-mungbeanrice cropping pattern. The trial comprises five packages of practices including crop residue retention, seeding methods with tillage options imposed on the component crops in the same cropping pattern. The results indicated that keeping standing 30% crop residue in the field with minimum disturbance of soil had significant contribution on grain yield of wheat-mungbean-rice sequence compare to conventional practice of well-till without crop residue retention. System productivity and fertility were evaluated under five levels of tillage options (zero, strip, raised bed, minimum tillage by power tiller operated system (PTOS) and conventional tillage practice (CTP) in a RWM cropping pattern. Both permanent raised bed and strip till with 30% straw retention produced the highest productivity in all years and the lowest yield was also found from conventional practice with 30% straw retention.Soil organic matter in surface soil had increased by 0.12% after 3years crop cycles with 30% SR from rice and wheat and full residue retention from mungbean crop. Straw retention is an important component of soil management and may have long term positive impacts on soil quality. The combination of raised bedsystems and strip tillage with 30% residues retained appears to be a very promising technology for sustainable intensification of wheat-mungbean-rice croppingpattern in dry zone areas.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 67-75
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Toppo, Serene, R. V. Chavan, S. V. Bharti, and S. Sangeeta Kumari. "An Economic Analysis of Changes in Cropping Pattern in Parbhani District of Maharashtra, India: A Markov Chain Approach." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 11 (2024): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i113070.
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The present investigation examines structural changes in the cropping pattern in Parbhani district of Maharashtra, utilizing secondary time-series data on crop areas from 2013-14 to 2022-23. By applying Markov Chain analysis, the study evaluates shifts in cropping pattern by analysing transitions in the area allocated to different crops over time to reveal significant trends through Transitional probability matrix (TPM). Soybean and jowar retained largest area shares. Hence, area under these crops were stable, while sugarcane and soybean emerged as major area gainers, often at the expense of wheat, maize, mung, and safflower. The findings highlight soybean and sugarcane's economic viability and adaptability to local conditions. This analysis underscores the importance of crop selection for economic resilience and sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
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Etika, A. P. W., W. Siska, N. Sunandar, and E. S. Rohaeni. "Beef cattle-based farming pattern in dry land, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 950, no. 1 (2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/950/1/012053.
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Abstract A cropping pattern is an effort to plant things on a plot of land by arranging the layout and order of plants for a certain period of time. Cropping patterns and or intercropping can be done with the aim of utilizing resources optimally and to avoid the risk of crop failure and market risk. Diversified cropping patterns are farming diversification with the aim of increasing agricultural yields so that income is maintained. The purpose of this research is to determine the types of farming patterns based on beef cattle, the impact of farming patterns on business objectives, and the income generated from the Decent Living Needs (KHL) that applies on dry land. Decent Living Needs (KHL) is the standard of needs of a single worker/labor to be able to live physically decently in 1 month. KHL is also the basis for determining the Minimum Wage. The study was carried out in Takisung District, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan. A survey and focus group discussions were used as research methods. Income, livestock waste for fertilizer, agricultural waste for feed, utilization of agricultural land, forage area, and livestock weight gain are the business objectives that are determined and analyzed. The analysis used is analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan test will be used to determine the contribution of income to the KHL. The research found six dominant cattle-based farming patterns. Farming patterns have a significant impact on business objectives such as income, agricultural waste utilization for animal feed, and agricultural land utilization. The conclusion of this research is that there are 6 dominant farming patterns in the research location, namely paddy and cattle; paddy, rubber and cattle; paddy, rubber, soybeans and cattle; Paddy, soybeans and cattle; paddy, soybeans, peanut and cattle; paddy, corn and cattle. The pattern of business that produces the highest income is the pattern of rice, rubber and cattle and the second is rice, soybean, rubber and cattle. The recommended business is business diversification with several commodities so that the necessities of life can be achieved and sustainable.
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Aggarwal, Rajan, Mohinder Kaushal, Samanpreet Kaur, and Bhupinder Farmaha. "Water resource management for sustainable agriculture in Punjab, India." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 11 (2009): 2905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.348.
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The state of Punjab comprising 1.5% area of the country has been contributing 40–50% rice and 60–65% wheat to the central pool since last three decades. During last 35 years The area under foodgrains has increased from 39,200 sq km ha to 63,400 sq km and the production of rice and wheat has increased from 0.18 to 0.32 kg/m2 and 0.22 to 0.43 kg/m2 respectively. This change in cropping pattern has increased irrigation water requirement tremendously and the irrigated area has increased from 71 to 95% in the state. Also the number of tube wells has increased from 0.192 to 1.165 million in the last 35 years. The excessive indiscriminate exploitation of ground water has created a declining water table situation in the state. The problem is most critical in central Punjab. The average rate of decline over the last few years has been 55 cm per year. The worst affected districts are Moga, Sangrur, Nawanshahar, Ludhiana and Jalandhar. This has resulted in extra power consumption, affects the socio-economic conditions of the small farmers, destroy the ecological balance and adversely affect the sustainable agricultural production and economy of the state. Therefore, in this paper attempt has been made to analyse the problem of declining water table, possible factors responsible for this and suggest suitable strategies for arresting declining water table for sustainable agriculture in Punjab. The strategies include shift of cropping pattern, delay in paddy transplantation, precision irrigation and rainwater harvesting for artificial groundwater recharge.
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Md., Nuruzzaman, Mahbuba Khanum Most., Mahfuz Bazzaz Md., Istiaque Sheikh, and Zahidul Islam Md. "Development of Four Crop Based Cropping Pattern Mustard-Boro-T. Aus-T. Aman Against Fallow-Boro-Fallow-T. Aman Rice." Journal of Agricultural Science and Engineering Innovation (JASEI) 2, no. 2 (2022): 12–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419408.
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A trial was conducted at multi-location testing (MLT) site Ranigonj, Dinajpur and Ghoraghat, Dinajpur under On-Farn Research Division (OFRD) during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to develop an economically sustainable and profitable cropping patterns, viz. Mustard (var. BARI Sarisha-14)-Boro (var. BRRI dhan28)- T. Aus (var. BRRI dhan48)-T. Aman (var. BRRI dhan62) against the farmers existing pattern Fallow- Boro (var. BRRI dhan28)- T. Aman (var. Swarna)-Fallow. The experiment was carried out in RCB design with six dispersed replications. Over both locations two years average results showed that the highest rice equivalent yield 20.82 tha-1 was obtained from four crops pattern. The highest average gross return and gross margin of the four crops pattern were obtained Tk. 333160 ha-1 and Tk.146463 ha-1 which was 93.70% and 122.58% higher over farmers existing pattern. The mean marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) was found 2.03 which indicated the superiority of four crops pattern over the farmers existing pattern. Both locations two years result showed that Grain yield of inclusion T. Aus rice and mustard yield were satisfactory that indicates the superiority of the alternate pattern over the farmer’s practice. So, it could be grown one after another in a sequence in the farmers field of Dinajpur region in Bangladesh
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Atay, Umran, Nusret Mutlu, and Hasan Huseyin Ozturk. "Sustainable Irrigation Management in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 6, no. 2 (2024): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.579.
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In successful irrigation management, firstly the water resource should be developed accordingly, and secondly, the irrigation water should be delivered from the source to irrigation fields. In addition, strategies should be developed to guide producers in irrigation areas, to adopt proper irrigation practices, to optimize the cropping pattern according to the water potential, and to make the production plans that guarantee the income of farmers. The main objective of this study is to investigate issues the sustainable irrigation management in Southeastern Anatolia Region (SAR) of Turkey. Therefore, some problems and causes/constraints have been investigated and related solution suggestions have been given.
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Supriyo, Agus, Sri Minarsih, and Budi Winarto. "Organic matter management for sustainable productivity of corn-groundnut cropping pattern on acid upland soils." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 04023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130604023.
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This study aims to conduct the organic management that sustain productivity of corn-groundnut sequential cropping on acid upland soil in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Tanah Laut Regency is the target area for this conservation farming system. Furthermore, these areas havebeen identified potentially for food crop development The experiment was conducted Bumi Asih villages, Panyipatan sub district, Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan provinces. In 1994/1995 WS until 1995 DS. These area as a ultisol soil type and transmgiration areas. Randomized Complete Block Desgind (RCBD) with four replication, and plot size 10 m x 20 m. There were Six treatment consisted of O1(No Farm Yard Manure/FYM), organic matter remains incorporated in to the soil + Fertilizer 60 kg N + 35 kg P2O5 per ha; O2 (1 t FYM organic matter remains incorporated in to the soil + 120 kg N + 70 kg P2O5/ha); O3 (All organic matter remains incorporaed in to the soil + 2,5 t FYM/ha); O4 (as Treatment O3 + 5 t FYM/ha); O5 (as treatment O3 + 10 t FYM/ha) and O6 (as treatment O3 + 20 t FYM/ha). Corn cv Arjuna was planted with row spacing 200 cm x 20 cm; and intercrops with Groundnut cv Pelanduk with row spacing 25 cm x 20 cm during two seasons planting. Data were colect i.e some physical soil properties such as soil moisture; soil hardness; some chemical soil properties such as soil pH, Org-C; plant nutrient such plant nutrient content such as leaf of N; P; Ca and Mg contents.. Growth parameter i.e shoot dry weight and yield of corn and groundnut. Data colected were analyzed by Variant analyzis. Diferently among treatment were analyzed by DMRT.0.05.. ...The results showed that the increase ins oil pH due to highC-organd some nutrient contents such as N, P, Ca and P inleaf of corn were significantly affected during the last seasons by organic amendment. In terms of cultivation, organic matter increased the infestation of weeds.. The organic management with the highest application (20 tonnes.ha-1 FYM) in every season yielded up to four – five times for corn and 0.65 – 1.28 for groundnut compared to control/farmer practices (1.175 t dry seed/ha).
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Femeena, P. V., K. P. Sudheer, R. Cibin, and I. Chaubey. "Spatial optimization of cropping pattern for sustainable food and biofuel production with minimal downstream pollution." Journal of Environmental Management 212 (April 2018): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.060.
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Yousaf, Ghufran, Fahad Ali Fayyaz, and Muhammad Hassan Yousaf. "Interaction of Cropping Pattern and Fertility Treatments on Yield and Sustainability of Mixed Cropping System under Moisture Regime." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (2023): 657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i4.657-664.5390.
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The farmers in most regions of Pakistan are heavily reliant on traditional farming approaches all year round and tend to cultivate exhaustive crops like wheat, cotton, maize, and sugarcane in most areas of the country. Consistently adopting this system leads to depleting the soil fertility status, which they overcome by instigating an uneconomical way of using excessive chemical fertilizers to maximize crop yields. These fertilizers are truly acidic and adversely affect soil health. Adopting sustainable farming approaches by the incorporation of legumes into the farming system with an integrated nutrient supply restores soil fertility and maintains the sustainability of the agro-ecosystem. A field experiment was performed to determine the significance of the integrated source of nutrient management on the growth and yield of sole and mixed cultures of sorghum and mungbean crops in areas with moisture regimes. The fertility treatments applied to the sole and intercrops of sorghum and mung-bean in a given sequence; i) Control, ii) Compost @ 10 t/ha, iii) FYM @ 20 t/ha, iv) NP @ 40 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, v) ½ of recommended Compost @ 5 t/ha + ½ of recommended NP @ 20 kg N & 15 kg P2O5 ha-1, vi) ½ of recommended FYM @ 10 t/ha + ½ of recommended NP @ 20 kg N & 15 kg P2O5 ha-1. The sole crop of mungbean gave a maximum grain yield of 2229.1 kg/ha over an intercrop of 1779.7 kg/ha. Similarly, the highest grain yield of 2779.8 kg/ha of sorghum was obtained in sole culture over its intercrop of 2150.9 kg/ha. The interaction effect of cropping pattern and fertility treatments showed that sorghum and mungbean gave significant results for growth and yield parameters where a combined dose of organic & mineral fertilizers were provided in comparison to the plots where these fertilizers were applied in split doses.