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Tomala, Justyna, Mateusz Mierzejewski, Maria Urbaniec, and Sergio Martinez. "Towards Sustainable Energy Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 6037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196037.
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Sub-Saharan Africa is considered a region with enormous economic and demographic potential. One of the main challenges it faces, included in the “Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, implemented by the African Union”, is to provide access to electricity. Currently, 600 million inhabitants of the African continent do not have access to electricity, which is a significant limiting factor for further economic growth and socio-economic development. Moreover, the measures taken by individual Sub-Saharan African countries appear insufficient in the face of rapid population growth. The aim of the article is to analyse the opportunities and challenges of the development of Sub-Saharan Africa’s energy sector. This raises the following research question: to what extent can a sustainable energy transition be achieved in sub-Saharan African countries to ensure access to electricity? The study used Ward’s hierarchical clustering method, classification and regression tree analysis, and the distance-weighted least squares method. The results show that the level of development of the energy sector in the individual countries of Sub-Saharan Africa varies greatly. Moreover, the Sub-Saharan African region is exposed to the effects of climate change, which also affects the development of the energy sector and whether or not access to electricity can be ensured. The study contributes to assessments of the adaptive capacity and transformative potential of the energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is particularly important for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 7, which relates to building more robust and efficient systems, as well as implementing diversified energy sources. This research is crucial to bridge the energy access gap and build a resilient and sustainable economy in Sub-Saharan Africa countries.
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Farid, Sally M. "The Role of Technology to Achieve Sustainable Economic Development in Africa." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2016): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2016.4.2(5).
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Objective - The purpose of this paper is to study how the technological innovation can achieve and promote sustainable development particularly in Africa. It considers forms of innovation technology that could enhance sustainable development. Methodology/Technique - The data used in this paper includes 54 African countries and the study period is from 2000 to 2014, using data on IT that measures the stock of telecommunications infrastructure as telecommunications investment. The GDP series represents annual real GDP in the prices of 2000. Annual series for IT and GDP were collected from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank database in 2015. Findings - The paper presents the concept and strategies of Sustainable Economic Development, discusses existing technologies in sustainable development, shows the role of technology in sustainable development, and presents the information and communication technology to promote economic development in Africa and the obstacles to set up policies for innovation technology in Africa. Novelty - The results have major implications. Firstly, the access to telecommunications services contributes towards economic growth. Secondly, an appropriate regulatory environment is necessary to realize the potential growth in telecommunications demand generated by increased income. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Technology; Sustainable Economic Development; ICT in Africa.
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Kalu, Kelechi A. "Political Institutions and Official Development Assistance in Africa." International Studies Review 10, no. 2 (October 15, 2009): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01002001.
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This paper analyzes the domestic and external factors that impede effective use of Official Development Assistance (ODA) for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It argues that while foreign aid, especially ODA to Africa has significantly increased over the years, SSA has become more dependent on foreign assistance, and economically and politically weaker relative to other less developed states in the international system. Furthermore, it argues that reversing the trend of increasing aid and declining economic productivity in Africa will require that foreign aid, except for direct humanitarian assistance in crisis situations, be completely stopped. The paper concludes with policy directions for reforming the African state, and building strong and sustainable political, economic and socio-cultural institutions for promoting effective ODA for SSA.
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Edoho, Felix Moses. "Entrepreneurship paradigm and economic renaissance in Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 6, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-11-2014-0086.
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Purpose – This Guest Editorial provides contextual insight to the contributions in this special issue that addresses entrepreneurship and economic growth challenge confronting Africa. Although the contributors come from various academic disciplines and adopt different perspectives, they are united in their singularity of focus on entrepreneurship as a pathway for African future. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The papers in this special issue adopt different methodological approaches that help to provide a composite insight to the multidimensional entrepreneurial challenges facing Africa. They review published materials from the government sources and international agencies. They draw heavily on the literature in the field of entrepreneurship. Findings – African countries have made significant progress in stimulating economic growth in recent years. However, they still have a long way to go in terms of institutionalizing entrepreneurial paradigm to foster self-regenerating development. Africa needs to do more by leveraging public policy for entrepreneurial development as a pathway for expanding economic opportunities and alleviating poverty. A policy framework designed to anchor entrepreneurial culture in the economy is a key to African economic renaissance in the twenty-first century. Originality/value – The originality and value of the papers in this issue hinge critically on the all too often ignored proposition that African countries need to embrace a proven approach to development that is both broad based and citizen driven. Entrepreneurial paradigm will empower citizens to take not only full responsibility, but more importantly inalienable ownership, of the development process. This is the only way to ensure that the ongoing much celebrated growth in Africa is sustainable.
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Dartey-Baah, Kwasi. "Effective leadership and sustainable development in Africa: is there “really” a link?" Journal of Global Responsibility 5, no. 2 (September 2, 2014): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-03-2014-0014.
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Purpose – The paper aims to review the concept of leadership as practiced in the West and in Africa, and goes on to establish the link between these two approaches and sustainable development in Africa. It does this with the view of assessing their implications for the attainment of sustainable development on the continent through a developed leadership–impact–effect conceptual model. Design/methodology/approach – In seeking to achieve its purpose, the paper uses a literature review approach to assess the leadership orientation in the West (particularly in relation to effective leadership) as against the studied leadership situation prevalent in the African continent to find out their impact on development (sustainable). Findings – Findings from the paper reveal a great disparity between the leadership situation in the African continent and the attainment of sustainable development. It also affirms a link between effective leadership approaches, like the transformational leadership approach, and the attainment of sustainable development. Practical implications – Based on the findings, it is recommended that African leaders resort to effective leadership styles, with a great emphasis on the transformational style, which integrate creativity, vision and participation, as it attempts to create sustainable development for the citizenry in the continent. Originality/value – The paper demonstrated the relevance of effective leadership in ensuring sustainable development in Africa and as a tool for achieving economic growth and development.
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Papatheologou, Dr Vasiliki. "European Union (EU)-China-Africa Triangular Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative: The Way Forward." Urban Studies and Public Administration 2, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): p226. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v2n4p226.
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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) offers a platform for trans-regional cooperation, connects Asia and Europe with Africa, strengthens European Union (EU)-China-Africa triangular cooperation and provides development opportunities for the African countries. In the region of Africa, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is perceived as a mechanism for interregional dialogue with concrete results in the areas of peace, security, infrastructure, sustainable development and in assisting African states to achieve the SDG’s. The trilateral cooperation is enriched by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for a deeper economic integration and for promoting regional security in Africa.
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Bräutigam, Deborah, and Tang Xiaoyang. "African Shenzhen: China's special economic zones in Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 1 (February 11, 2011): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000649.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines recent Chinese efforts to construct a series of official economic cooperation zones in Africa. These zones are a central platform in China's announced strategy of engagement in Africa as ‘mutual benefit’. We analyse the background, motives and implementation of the zones, and argue that they form a unique, experimental model of development cooperation in Africa: market-based decisions and investment by Chinese companies are combined with support and subsidies from an Asian ‘developmental state’. Though this cooperation provides a promising new approach to sustainable industrialisation, we also identify serious political, economic and social challenges. Inadequate local learning and local participation could affect the ability of the zones to catalyse African industrialisation. The synergy between Chinese enterprises, the Chinese government and African governments has been evolving through practice. A case study of Egypt provides insight into this learning process.
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OKE, Leke. "Women and Sustainable Development in Africa: Issues and Challenges from Nigeria." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 9, no. 1 (September 18, 2015): 1740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v9i1.3774.
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Globally, crave for sustainable development and increasing women participation in governance have been on unabated. This is premised on the belief that sustainable development is attainable where and when there is good governance and gender justice. Making use of library research and content analysis methodologies, the paper detailed in a systematic manner the missing link in sustainable development in Africa with particular emphasis on Nigeria. It analyses the current practice ofsextortion among the women in decision- making processes and leadership at the national, state and local levels and its impact on development. More so, the paper discusses the conditions that facilitate womens representation in decision-making processes within the context of the current socio-economic and political transformations. It also examines the linkages between womens presence in critical decision-making positions and sustainable development. The paper contends that most states in Africa are yet to attain development to be sustained. It blames the African leaders and the patriarchal states for the precarious pace at which the region develops. The paper concludes that sustainable development will remain a pie in the sky in Africa for as long as greed, self-centeredness and emperornic disposition of African leaders as well as mass poverty and infrastructural decay continue.
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Barnard, Michelle. "The role of International sustainable development law principles in enabling effective renewable energy policy – a South African perspective." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2484.
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It is universally accepted that renewable energy is an important contributing factor towards the promotion of sustainable development. The implementation of renewable energy needs to be regulated in an effective manner which in turn necessitates the formulation of law and policy geared towards sustainable development. Recent policy developments in South Africa propose to facilitate the promotion of sustainable development through the implementation of renewable energy, among others. In terms of existing energy policy in South-Africa, the interconnectivity of renewable energy and sustainable development is evident. Most notably, the White Paper on Renewable Energy of 2003 promotes increased access to affordable renewable energy in order to contribute to sustainable development. Moreover, the 2008 first review of the National Energy Efficiency Strategy of the Republic of South-Africa of 2005 states that in order for the country’s renewable energy policy to be considered sustainable, it needs to facilitate development in the social, economic and environmental spheres. Notwithstanding, attaining the goal of sustainable development depends on whether all its effecting principles are catered for in the policy developments. Accordingly, in order to ascertain whether South-African law and policy can successfully facilitate/enable sustainable development via the implementation of renewable energy, a specific methodology is proposed. In terms of the New Delhi Declaration of 2002 there are 7 principles of international law effecting sustainable development. These principles will be used as criteria in a principled assessment of South-African renewable energy law and policy in order to establish whether the goal of promoting sustainable development would be effected through the national policy developments.
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Mersham, Gary Malcolm, and Chris Skinner. "South Africa’s bold and unique experiment in CSR practice." Society and Business Review 11, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-04-2016-0027.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the current practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in South Africa, its linkage to corporate social investment (CSI), the impact of new Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) legislation and the contribution that South African public relations practice can have on the development challenges facing the continent of Africa. Design/methodology/approach Empirical data and reports drawn from various industry and evaluative sources is interpreted in the context of key contemporary elements of practice. The last part of the article provides a theoretical discussion of the public relations role as a “change” agent in South Africa and for the continent of Africa as a whole. Findings The South African Government’s prescriptive stance on transformation and BEE has thrust the reconsideration of CSR onto every corporate agenda in South Africa. With set targets and expenditure requirements, CSI has become a performance-driven pursuit among businesses seeking to improve their overall BEE scores. At the Pan-African level, a generic model of African public relations with a strong developmental focus is required for the education and training of public relations professionals. Research limitations/implications African public relations practice challenges accepted normative approaches in the conceptualisation of a sustainable new global model of the profession. More research will be needed to show how the African humanist approach might impact on the debate about the political, social and economic relevance of the profession in society and the reputation of the profession worldwide. Originality/value This study provides historical context for recent developments in public relations in South Africa, providing insights into the direction of the development of public relations practice in Africa.
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Marchant, R., J. Finch, R. Kinyanjui, V. Muiruri, C. Mumbi, P. J. Platts, and S. Rucina. "Palaeoenvironmental perspectives for sustainable development in East Africa." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 3 (May 26, 2010): 963–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-963-2010.
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Abstract. East African ecosystems are shaped by long-term interaction with changing climate, human population, fire and wildlife. There remains today a strong connection between people and ecosystems, a relationship that is being strained by the rapidly developing and growing East African population, and their associated resource needs. Predicted climatic and atmospheric change will further impact on ecosystems culminating in a host of challenges for their management and sustainable development, further compounded by a backdrop of political, land tenure and economic constraints. Given the many direct and indirect benefits that ecosystems provide to surrounding human populations, understanding how they have changed over time and space deserves a special place on the ecosystem management agenda. Such a perspective can only be derived from a palaeoecology, particularly where there is high resolution, both through time and across space. The East African palaeoecological archive is reviewed, in particular to assess how it can meet this need. Although there remain crucial gaps, the number of palaeoecological archives from East Africa growing rapidly, some employing new and novel techniques to trace past ecosystem response to climate change. When compared to the archaeological record it is possible to disentangle human from climate change impacts, and how the former interacts with major environmental changes such as increased use of fire, changing herbivore densities and increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. With this multi-dimensional perspective of environmental change impacts it is imperative that our understanding of past human-ecosystem interactions are considered to impart effective long term management strategies; such an approach will enhance possibilities for a sustainable future for East African ecosystems and maximise the livelihoods of the populations that rely on them.
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Nhema, Alfred G., George W. Shepherd, and Karamo N. M. Sonko. "Economic Justice in Africa: Adjustment and Sustainable Development." International Journal of African Historical Studies 32, no. 2/3 (1999): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220442.
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Akeem, Amodu Adekunle. "Xenophobia and Africa in the 21st Century: Towards a Xenophilial Framework For Sustainable Development*." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 6, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 5679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v6i10.04.
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Africa and in fact all of the globe is experiencing unprecedented and fast-paced changes at virtually all fronts; political, ecological and economic, among others. The almost inseparable twin phenomena of globalization and digitalization have created what can best be described an Heraclitean global society of constant flux; a society of constant change that reminds us of the Greek Logos of Heraclitus. The continent Africa in particular finds itself in a constantly evolving globe where time is of the essence and where no one waits for the other to catch up. Africa in the 21st century exists within a framework of global competitiveness and knowledge economy; a world where what you bring to the global table determines or defines your identity or place in the global village. The germane question is: is the continent Africa ready to take its place in the emergent globalized society of the 21st century? Put differently, is the continent Africa on the path to sustainable development? Are the dynamics playing out on the contemporary African continent supportive of the kind of roadmap capable of engendering growth and development? Against the background of the prevalent and contemporary experiences of xenophobia and xenophobic attacks in Africa, the paper attempts to interrogate the phenomenon xenophobia vis-à-vis the desideratum for sustainable development in Africa. The paper comes in three overlapping parts. In the first part we conceptualize the phenomenon xenophobia. With particular reference to South Africa, the second part of the paper discusses the content and consequences of the African experience of xenophobia and xenophobic behaviors and tendencies. Against a background of the need to address the threats poised by contemporary xenophobic trends and tendencies, the paper, in the third part, develops an epistemological construct xenophilia as a veritable opposite to counter narrative to xenophobia. The fourth and concluding part of the paper prescribes a xenophilial framework, which the paper argues provides a veritable tool for positioning Africa for development in the 21st century.
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Sparks, Donald Lee. "The Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2063: Implications for Economic Integration in Africa." Research in Applied Economics 8, no. 4 (December 4, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v8i4.10194.
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<p>This paper examines how Africa’s recent efforts to promote economic integration, specifically<br />the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and the proposed Continental Free Trade Area<br />(CFTA) are supported by and in harmony with the Post 2015 Development Agenda and the<br />African Union’s Agenda 2063 initiative.<br />The World Bank’s Global Economic Prospects projects for the period 2014-2017 that five of<br />the world’s 13 top growing economies will be in Africa. However, it is distressing and puzzling<br />that such growth has not been accompanied by reduced poverty, income inequality and<br />unemployment. It is also unsettling that few states met all of the Millennium Development<br />Goals (MDGs) which expired at the end of last year. Furthermore, Africa will likely be<br />confronted by daunting challenges in the near term. This ominous situation is enhanced by the<br />nature of Africa’s trade, both within the continent and in the global economy.<br />To counter some of these constraints, especially the tariff barriers, the RECs and the CFTA will<br />be critical in stimulating trade growth. Increased economic integration, either on a regional<br />level or on a continent-wide level under the general guidelines of the Sustainable Development<br />Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2063 will result in increased trade which will, in the long term,<br />increase incomes, reduce poverty, increase employment, provide greater consumer choice, and<br />will offer shelter from exogenous external shocks. However, at least in the short term, such<br />gains are also typically accompanied by loses. This paper calls for a continental Integration<br />Compensation Funding Mechanism (ICFM) to balance some of these loses. The ICFM would<br />be developed and managed by the African Development Bank, the United Nations Economic<br />Commission for Africa and the African Union.</p>
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Muma, Eric Che. "Corruption and Combating Corruption: A Framework for Peace, Human Rights and Sustainable Development in Post-Independent Africa." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0134.
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Abstract Since the introduction of democratic reforms in post-independent Africa, most states have been battling corruption to guarantee sustainable peace, human rights and development. Because of the devastating effects of corruption on the realisation of peace, human rights and sustainable development, the world at large and Africa in particular, has strived to fight against corruption with several states adopting national anti-corruption legislation and specialised bodies. Despite international and national efforts to combat corruption, the practice still remains visible in most African states without any effective accountability or transparency in decision-making processes by the various institutions charged with corruption issues. This has further hindered global peace, the effective enjoyment of human rights and sustainable development in the continent. This paper aims to examine the concept of corruption and combating corruption and its impact on peace, human rights and sustainable development in post-independent Africa with a particular focus on Cameroon. It reveals that despite international and national efforts, corruption still remains an obstacle to global peace in Africa requiring a more proactive means among states to achieve economic development. The paper takes into consideration specific socio-economic challenges posed by corruption and the way forward for a united Africa to combat corruption to pull the continent out of poverty, hunger and instability, and to transform it into a better continent for peace, human rights and sustainable development.
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Olodo, Kagninhoun A. A. Miguel. "Improvement of compound type housing as a factor for sustainable development in conditions of Africa." Вестник гражданских инженеров 17, no. 2 (2020): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-2-29-37.
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The national urban housing design practices in Africa show both ecological (energy inefficient buildings) and economic (inefficient use of urban space) imbalances. As a rule, traditional African housing development uses various architectural and structural solutions, local materials, as well as natural means of improving the microclimate (orientation to the cardinal directions, wind direction) to create comfortable living conditions. This article examines the conditions for the development of characteristic types of urban dwellings in Africa. The author provides an evaluation analysis of the socio-economic efficiency of housing types and offers recommendations for the development of sustainable urban housing.
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Shelton, Garth. "The FOCAC Process and Sino-African Strategic Partnership." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 02, no. 02 (January 2016): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740016500123.
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Historical records confirm that China’s increasing engagement with Africa through growing trade and investment has been a major boost for African economies. China’s comprehensive commitment to Africa through the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) has also made significant contribution to Africa’s overall economic development. The constructivist approach underpinning this paper suggests that FOCAC’s evolution can be positively shaped by all active participants toward increased mutual benefit and positive outcomes. With all the consensuses and commitments reached at the Johannesburg FOCAC summit (FOCAC VI) held in December 2015, a stronger Sino-African partnership is expected to take shape as both sides take efforts to enhance their win-win cooperation. The key future challenges for China and Africa are to implement the FOCAC VI Action Plan and develop a long-term FOCAC agenda which will broaden and strengthen win-win outcomes in the years to come. At the same time, Africa should try its best to ensure the successful implementation of FOCAC projects and facilitate China’s engagement, for a business-friendly environment in Africa, whether in policy, legal or social aspects, is the key to promoting the Sino-African strategic partnership and enhancing sustainable development of the African continent.
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Amalu, Uche C. "Food Security: Sustainable Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 31, no. 3 (September 2002): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101294029.
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Falling world grain stocks, rising grain prices and the poor economic situation of Africa have, since 1995, made food security a major issue. Structural adjustment programmes, the crushing burden of debt, the collapse of commodity prices and mismanagement of national economies have rendered African people even poorer in terms of per capita income and quality of life than they were in the first decade after the attainment of independence. Yet Africa is rich in many ways — for example, in virgin land for agriculture and in mineral resources, including energy. It is rich above all in its people and their determined spirit to face all disasters, natural and man-made. In line with this spirit, Africa is moving ahead on a new consensus that food security through enhanced agricultural production is the continent's most fundamental development issue. Although the economic plans of successive African governments have stressed the goal of food self-sufficiency, the food sector has received little investment or political priority. Africa continues to rely on food aid and food imports, which consume a large part of its meagre export earnings. The increasingly limited capacity to purchase food abroad and the bitter experience of depending on emergency aid are honing a clear determination that Africa must marshal the resources to grow its own food and so release the creative energies of its people to contribute fully to their own development and well-being. Top priority should be given to food security during this process, as no country can consider itself free until it has the wherewithal to provide for the basic needs of its people.
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Hammed, Hanafi A. "Appraising the Role of African Union: the New Partnership for Africa’s Development in Conflict prevention and Management in Africa." International and Comparative Law Review 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0036.
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Abstract The New Partnership for Africa’s Development is the latest in a long line of initiatives or framework intended by African leaders to place African continent on a path of growth and sustainable development. The development challenges that face Africa are enormous and varied. Th e crisis of political instability, bad governance, lack of peace and security, poverty and diseases like HIV/AIDs. NEPAD recognized peace and security as condition for good governance and sustainable development. Therefore, in absence of peace and security, democracy and good governance cannot strive and where there is no good governance, we cannot witness sustainable development. This paper argues that peace and security has been elusive in much of Africa. The failure of the Organisation of African Unity to ensure peace and security in Africa and to address Africa’s post-cold war legion of challenges, the successor organisation, the African Union and its attendant development programme, the NEPAD were established. The first issue which is critical to NEPAD is, solving armed conflict and civil unrest on the continent. Currently, twenty percent of the people of Africa are living in condition of conflict. These conditions cause terrible suffering and hold back economic development in the affected countries. The extent of conflict is so great that the whole continent is affected and this creates a major barrier to inward investment. On the resolution, NEPAD is in a position to make considerable progress. It was learnt in Sierra Lone that with concentrated international eff ort, conflict can be successfully ended and institutions of a properly functioning state can begin to be rebuilt. The paper therefore examines the origin of the NEPAD, NEPAD and challenges of peace and security in Africa and involvement of AU/NEPAD in Darfur and Cote D’Ivoire crises. It further discusses the AU/NEPAD conflict mechanisms for conflict prevention, management and resolution and draw conclusion.
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van Amerom, Marloes, and Bram Büscher. "Peace parks in Southern Africa: bringers of an African Renaissance?" Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 2 (June 2005): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05000790.
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The pursuit of an African Renaissance has become an important aspect of regional cooperation between South Africa and its neighbours. Transfrontier conservation areas, or ‘Peace Parks’ as they are popularly called, have been identified as key instruments to promote the African Renaissance dream, and are increasingly advocated and justified on this basis. By fostering joint conservation (and tourism) development in Southern Africa's marginalised border regions, Peace Parks are claimed to further international peace, regional cooperation and poverty reduction, and thus serve basic ideals of the African Renaissance. This article critically explores this assumption. Using the joint South African-Mozambican-Zimbabwean Great Limpopo Park as a case study, it argues that in reality the creation of Peace Parks hardly stimulates and possibly even undermines the realisation of the African Renaissance ideals of regional cooperation, emancipation, cultural reaffirmation, sustainable economic development and democratisation. So far, their achievement has been severely hindered by domination of national interests, insufficient community consultation, and sensitive border issues such as the illegal flows of goods and migrants between South Africa and neighbouring countries. Furthermore, exacerbation of inter-state differences induced by power imbalances in the region, and harmonisation of land use and legal systems across boundaries, are increasingly becoming sources of conflict and controversy. Some of these problems are so severe, we conclude, that they might eventually even undermine support for African Renaissance as a whole. Utmost care is thus required to optimally use the chances that Peace Parks do offer in furthering an African Renaissance.
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Rambe, Patient, and Nnamdi O. Madichie. "Sustainable Broadcasting in Africa: Insights From Two South African Campus Radio Stations." African Journal of Business and Economic Research 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 189–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2020/v15n4a9.
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University campus-based community radio stations (CRS) are widely acknowledged as vehicles for supporting grassroot social and economic development. Despite these stations' popularity, the emerging technologies they exploit to advance such development initiatives, including their exact impact on their economic and social sustainability, remains a grey area. The objectives of this study are two-fold. First, to establish the social media applications that university-based CRS in South Africa employ in fulfilling their broadcasting mandates. Second, to examine how the utilisation of these applications impact the economic/ financial and social sustainability of these stations and their listenership. Drawing insights from in-depth interviews with presenters, station and programme managers, the study found limited appropriation of WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, station websites, livestreams and podcasts for content programming and broadcasting. Furthermore, while it was unclear how social media livestreaming contributed to economic sustainability, its effects on social sustainability found expression in connecting advertisers to livestreams to support real-time advertising. The implications of these are discussed.
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Ahmad, Sohail, Azka Gull, and Sehrish Irfan. "Sino-African Relations: Economic Opportunities and Challenges for China." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/3.1.6.
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Africa is known for its massive labour force and natural resources. In terms of economic growth, African countries have faced prolonged phases of economic crises. China is a significant contributor in Africa’s economic stability. This paper analyses and evaluates the current opportunities and challenges related to China’s engagements in Africa and its policies for triggering economic development in African countries. China’s comprehensive approach is more concentrated on the sustainable development of the domestic infrastructure and job creation for the Africa communities. But there exists a gap in the current Chinese policies that have deepened the concerns of the locals about economic growth and progress. China needs to develop policies that would be mutually beneficial, these policies must ensure economic stability, job creation and growth. Various ongoing development projects initiated by the Chinese have in fact created insecurities amongst the Africans. This anxiety among the locals have become a major hurdle for China’s plans in the continent. Ongoing Chinese policies need to be innovative along with the integration of modern economic models. A reform in the current policies would ensure maximum benefits for both economic partners.
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Mears, R. "Natural Resources and Sustainable Economic Development in South Africa." South African Journal of Economics 66, no. 2 (June 1998): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1998.tb01252.x.
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Goldblatt, Mike, and Glynn Davies. "Water, energy and sustainable economic development in South Africa." Development Southern Africa 19, no. 3 (September 2002): 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768350220150170.
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Aregbeshola, Rafiu Adewale. "The role of local financial market on economic growth." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-06-2014-0048.
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Purpose – Capital market development has been identified as one of the critical underpinnings of economic growth, in the developed but more essentially in the developing economies. Evidence abounds on the virtues of adequately spanned capital markets to provide requisite capital needed to fund investment activities as well as infrastructural developments. Although, foreign capital may be sourced to supplement inadequate local capital base, the associated costs (both logistics and supervisory) are generally daring to consider as convenient alternatives. Various studies have examined the role of local financial market development on economic growth, but none have strictly generated a combined focus on the three major African groupings – the Southern, the Western and the Northern African regions. In addition, there is no documented study that has compared the economic performance of each of these three major economic groupings in Africa. The purpose of this paper is to fill these voids. Design/methodology/approach – Various econometric techniques that include descriptive statistics, unit root tests, dynamic panel estimations and Granger causality tests. Findings – Using data generated from the African development indicators between 1980 and 2012 in contemporary econometric estimations, this study finds that local financial markets play crucial roles in economic development of each of these groupings, albeit in varying magnitude. The study also observes that local financial market plays very little role in the overall economic development of the three groupings when interacted. Research limitations/implications – A limited dataset, which reduces the time span as well as the number of countries covered in the study. A wider coverage may have altered the result generated, especially for the pooled estimation. Practical implications – That African countries should develop local financial markets in order to improve their level of economic growth. Social implications – Low rate of economic development has created a lot of social stress in Africa. Further, the fact that African leaders have largely not been able to grow their national economies in a meaningful and sustainable manner further unnerves skittish entrepreneurial underdevelopment on the continent, thereby exacerbates incidence and prevalence of poverty, and consequent social uprisings on a number of occasions. Originality/value – This study finds that financial market plays an important role on economic growth, whereas the effects are lower in the Southern African region. More specifically, the effects of financial market development on economic growth are stronger in North and West Africa than in Southern African regions. Given that Southern Africa financial market is more developed than the other two regions, this finding buttresses the fact that financial market development is significantly more important as a growth-driver in less developed financial markets than in developed ones.
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Ola, Oreoluwa, and Emmanuel Benjamin. "Preserving Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in West African Forest, Watersheds, and Wetlands: A Review of Incentives." Forests 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060479.
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While biodiversity and ecosystem services derived from the natural environment are the backbones of West African rural livelihood, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, conflicts, and climate change threaten the continued provision of ecosystem services. This threat creates an urgent need to safeguard the integrity of the environment. Evaluating the effectiveness of environmental conservation projects is central towards designing and scaling-up successful conservation projects. Using secondary literature and project reports, we reviewed ongoing and completed conservation projects in the West African sub-region. Scientific work on incentives for ecosystem services in sub-Saharan Africa typically focuses on Southern and Eastern Africa, leaving Western Africa underserved. This study fills this literature gap by compiling lessons from conservation projects in West Africa to offer region-specific incentives that should inform the design of conservation projects in the region. The study shows that the way forward is a holistic, sustainable development approach that mirrors and meets strategies outlined in Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, 5, 8, 13, and 17: No Poverty, End Hunger and Promote Sustainable Agriculture, Gender Equality, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Climate Action, and Partnerships for the Goals, respectively.
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Forje, John W. "Unlocking Africa’s Economic Heart." Business and Management Research 6, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v6n2p17.
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In spite of its resources potential, Africa remains the least developed continent on Planet Earth. The paper props into issues promoting or inhibiting the sustainable transformation of the region. It does so by critically unleashing fundamental issues delaying its transformation nexus. The geo-construct of these landlocked states calls for specially designed economic approach to respond to a set of socio-political and economic developments on the continent for over 500 years. European colonialism influenced the pattern of governance of African countries and they continue to do so in several of these states. Colonialism established ruling hierarchies and entrenched forms of poor citizenship which were both blatant (as under apartheid), but also subtle (as in forms of Orientals). Colonialism also produced ways of knowing and meaning-making, which imposed particular forms of reasoning and, at the same time, marginalized or silenced alternative ways of understanding the world. Western colonialist domination imposed an artificial backwardness on African countries and her people. It caused both an abnormal stagnation of cultural development and even cultural retrogressions. The effects of these western-centred influences on developing nations have been a ‘set of facts’. These ‘facts’ are widely employed as evidence that purportedly proves certain delusions – Africa is poor because it is poor to begin with. Therefore, the paper has two objectives, (i) to discredit and discard widely held delusions concerning the poverty of the continent, delusions widely spread among both European and African circles; and (ii) in place of those delusions, supply an applicable set of policies, made comprehensively for practical realization of the sustainable transformation of Africa. It adopts a progressive Afrocentric approach rather than the Eurocentric development strategy that has dominated the economic transformation of the continent for ages. Poor governance backed by poor leadership remains the underlying factors of the continents underdevelopment. A sea of confusion clouds the socioeconomic transformation of the continent. The focus of the paper is on African states in general and in particular landlocked states, leadership and resources use in the transformation of the continent so that the people benefit from natural resources. As such, the paper examines the narratives (positive and negative) emerging from the OBOR and FOCAC offensive for Africa which equally challenges that of Western Europe which has for long seen its role as hegemonic and unquestionable. Theoretically and empirically, the analysis concerns challenging clashing world views and perceptions having implications for the continent’s transformation China’s engagement in Africa. It is clear that countries on the coast line are of advantage, the existence of poor leadership can equally be a curse to these countries. The cases of Nigeria and Cameroon illustrate a good example (Omotola 2006; Forje 2011; Asonganyi 2015). Putting western influence in Africa to one side, how do we aid Africans in achieving the most rapid realization of the people’s mental potentialities, for mastering the advanced technologies? African industry and agriculture urgently require improving the welfare of the people?
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Nwankwo, Sonny, Kazem Chaharbaghi, and Derick Boyd. "Sustainable development in sub‐Saharan Africa." International Journal of Development Issues 8, no. 2 (October 9, 2009): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14468950910997684.
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Asante, Richard. "China and Africa: Model of South-South Cooperation?" China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 04, no. 02 (January 2018): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740018500124.
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Chinese officials often claim that their country’s massive involvement in Africa is an example of “South-South cooperation” with tremendous potential to unlock Africa’s development prospects. They maintain that China’s economic involvement in the continent is less exploitative and more relevant to local needs than the North’s. Starting from a relatively small amount of investment in the early 1990s, China has become Africa’s biggest economic partner. Yet, as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Investment (UNCTAD) and other studies have shown, Chinese trade and investment in Africa are reproducing African countries as exporters of raw materials and importers of manufactured goods. This paper deconstructs the uncritical view of China’s development cooperation with Africa as “South-South” cooperation, highlighting its potential tensions, incongruities, downsides, and dilemmas. It demonstrates both good and bad news. Recent data show that despite the slowdown of the Chinese economy and slump in prices of certain raw materials, the total value of China-Africa trade is on the rise, with Africa’s exports to China growing rapidly, indicating a narrowing gap between imports and exports in the bilateral trade. However, whether this phenomenon is sustainable remains in doubt. Dynamics of the boom and bust cycles of commodity markets, limited diversification, domestic institutional constraints, limited tariff exemptions and rising debt on African countries can all compromise the recent progress in China-Africa trade and exacerbate their asymmetrical relationship, reproducing the trade pattern between the West and African countries.
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Andrianarimanana, Mihasina Harinaivo, and Pu Yongjian. "Importance of the Improvement in the Agricultural Technology of Sub-Saharan Africa on Local Economic Development and International Trade." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052555.
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This study assesses the impacts of technological innovation in Sub-Saharan African agriculture on local and global economies. Using the Eaton–Kortum model, with θ = 4.0875, the results show that comparative advantage’s positive impact on agricultural trade more than offsets the negative impacts of geography barriers. Sub-Saharan Africa is among the least competitive region with respect to agriculture production. This is due to its low value of the technology parameter, about 0.16 compared to the North American’s one (93.23). We found that increasing the technology of a country in Sub-Saharan Africa would increase world trade volume within the range of 0.02 to 0.19%. It would increase the local agricultural monthly wage and the welfare of farmers in the Sub-Saharan African region. Therefore, to improve technology in the Sub-Saharan African region, policymakers need to attract foreign direct investment by making incentives and increasing labor skills. This study adds to the literature by determining the contribution of the agricultural sector in Sub-Saharan Africa in global economic development through international trade. It also informs policies on the reduction of poverty and food insecurity around the world in order to achieve some of the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Nzomo, Maria, and Zerubabel Getachew. "Regional Energy Integration for Sustainable Development in Eastern Africa: The Case for Geothermal Energy." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0042.
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Energy is a crucial factor in international relations and a critical input to achieve global economic growth and development. Provision of affordable, sustainable, and reliable energy is necessary and a prerequisite for any country’s economic growth and prosperity. The United Nations Agenda 2030, through its Seventh Sustainable Development Goal (SGD 7) and the African Union Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1recognise the centrality of access to energy towards realising the ambitions enlisted in these documents. The asymmetric distribution of natural resources and the political, strategic, financial, and technological challenges in utilising these resources hinder countries from availing affordable, sustainable, and reliable energy by using domestic sources alone. The inability to attain energy independence makes a compelling case for nations to increasingly integrate their energy supply chains to international and regional energy markets. As a result, ensuring access to affordable energy has become a core interest of regional foreign relations. Therefore, if geopolitics permits, energy cooperation and interdependence become the ultimate and sustainable path towards energy security. Africa has tremendous potential ranging from hydrocarbons to renewable energies. Nevertheless, it has failed to provide adequate energy for its social and economic needs mainly due to poor governance and related challenges. Africa has to utilise such humongous and diversified energy resources by embracing an optimal energy mix that contributes to regional economic development and energy integration. Eastern Africa, home to various renewable energy resources, is one of the energy-poor regions in Africa. The prevailing energy system in the sub-region is hydro-based and lacks reliability. The sub-region has tremendous renewable energy resources such as wind, solar, and geothermal. Still, their utilisation is negligible due to several challenges, including governance and lack of access to finance and technology. This paper argues that an integrated and regional approach to developing the energy sector in Eastern Africa can address the energy-related challenges and contribute towards regional integration in Eastern Africa. In particular, the development of geothermal energy, within the optimal energy mix in the sub-region, for both power generation and direct use application will play a crucial role in forging energy integration in Eastern Africa. In this regard, regional institutions such as power pools and regional economic communities are indispensable. Received: 27 June 2021 / Accepted: 5 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
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Peter, Camaren. "Social Innovation for Sustainable Urban Developmental Transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging Economic Ecosystems and the Entrepreneurial State." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137360.
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This study theorizes social innovation-based transitions to sustainable urban development from the perspective of the African urban condition, highlighting that large infrastructure and service provision deficits, poverty, inequality, heavy import dependence and the prevalence of dual formal–informal sector systems are key factors to account for in a just, sustainable urban African developmental transition. It identifies an opportunity space that can be leveraged for urban and broader transitions to sustainability on the continent by leveraging “economic ecosystems” for local scale social innovation-based development interventions. It theorizes that multi-level transitions to sustainability can be engendered by adopting an entrepreneurial state led approach at local scales by using economic ecosystems as the framework to (1) stimulate social innovation-based entrepreneurship that meets local and local–regional demands through decentralized, low cost, small-scale infrastructures, technologies and services, (2) leverage social innovation-based economic ecosystems for catalyzing multi-scalar transitions to sustainability, (3) recast the role of the entrepreneurial state, specifically in relation to social innovation and sustainable urban development (SUD) in Africa and (4) bridge formal–informal sector dualism. This framing prioritizes local economic development over centralized, state-led interventions that involve grand-scale masterplans, wholly new satellite cities and bulk infrastructure deployments in conceptualizing sustainable urban development transitions in Africa.
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Rameau, Rose. "The African Perspective: The Development of Investment Laws, the Pan-African Investment Code (PAIC), and the African Continental Free Trade Area in the “New Economic World Order”." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 114 (2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2021.24.
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Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) containing traditional clauses such as Most Favorite Nation (MFN), National Treatment (NT), and Free and Equitable Treatment (FET) have been used as old tools to protect Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) throughout the African continent. African states have formed different economic blocks in order to facilitate intra-Africa investment trades and FDI protection. However, investment laws in the continent remain very fragmented. In 2005, African states enacted the Pan-African Investment Code (PAIC), which did not include provisions for traditional Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) but included exceptions to MFN and NT while omitting FET. The PAIC is a classic example of the African perspective in using old tools in new ways to promote more economic nationalism and sustainable development in Africa while maintaining a balance between investors’ protection and states’ sovereign right to regulate.
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Gowreesunkar, Vanessa. "African Union (AU) Agenda 2063 and tourism development in Africa: contribution, contradiction and implications." International Journal of Tourism Cities 5, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-02-2019-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contributions of Agenda 2063 in tourism development in Africa while examining the inherent contradictions in its implementation. Ultimately, it brings out a meaningful synthesis of the overall implications and proposes recommendations for an equitable and sustainable tourism development in Africa. Design/methodology/approach This study draws from desk-based research and content analysis of documents and research studies related to Agenda 2063. A hypothetico-deductive approach was adopted, as this allowed for the deconstruction of text and context. Findings The findings reveal several internal inconsistencies which cuts like a double-edge sword. Empirical results show that Africa can emerge as a desirable destination if the aspirations of Agenda 2063 are appropriately popularized and operationalized. African countries need to align their tourism plans with the aspirations projected in the plan. It is imperative that the African Union (AU) oversees that there is consistent and sustainable tourism development across all member states. Research limitations/implications The study draws from and relies solely on available secondary data. This implies that unofficial and unpublicized secondary data (proceedings, concept notes, position papers and archived documents) developed from AU’s conferences and workshops have not been considered. The outcome might therefore be indicative, but not necessarily reflective of trends and hidden realities of Africa. Practical implications The outcome of this empirical study provides an improved understanding of opportunities and challenges faced by African countries seeking to develop tourism as an economic activity. It unveils discrepancies which need address and further articulates recommendations which are practical and workable to achieve the aspiration of Agenda 2063 to be a “United Africa.” Social implications The study provides valuable information for the socio-economic transformation of the continent, one of the aspirations of Agenda 2063. It further seeks to promote social and economic development based on a spirit of Pan-Africanism. Originality/value Unlike previous studies, this exploratory piece of paper provides a meaningful synthesis of Agenda 2063 from a unique perspective – the double-edge sword approach; it examines the potentials and opportunities the agenda triggers for tourism and at the same time, reveals its contradictions.
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Hiagbe, Komi Ahiatroga. "THE CHURCH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 41, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/257.
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The snail-pace of social and economic development within sub-Saharan Africa is of major concern not only to the development community, but to all who have the continent’s well-being at heart. Various attempts (many rather elusive) at diagnosis and prescription of the right antidotes to the problem have been made for decades. This paper, however, shares Jeffrey Sachs’s optimism in End of Poverty with the point of departure being that organised religion holds the key to a reversal of the trend. The paper explores the impact of religious beliefs on the development of some communities in the past and the present before concluding that Christianity could unlock the prospects to sub-Saharan Africa’s economic fortunes. In the view of this researcher, African theological reflections, in response to the challenges of endemic corruption, nepotism, superstition, and bad work ethics on the continent, must be grounded in the language, traditional beliefs, values and practices (i.e. culture) of the people as grounds for integration with the modern scientific and technological advancement that confronts the continent. This underscores the need for Christianity itself to become that culture which is willing to accommodate a consciously reconstructed past as the pathway to a developed future.
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Mhangara, Paidamwoyo, Asanda Lamba, Willard Mapurisa, and Naledzani Mudau. "Towards the Development of Agenda 2063 Geo-Portal to Support Sustainable Development in Africa." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090399.
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The successful implementation of the African Union’s Agenda 2063 strategic development blueprint is critical for the attainment of economic development, social prosperity, political stability, protection, and regional integration in Africa. Agenda 2063 is a strategic and endogenous development plan that seeks to strategically and competitively reposition the African continent to ensure poverty eradication and equitable people-centric socio-economic and technological transformation. Its impact areas include wealth creation, shared prosperity, sustainable environment, and transformative capacities. Monitoring and evaluation systems play a critical role in collecting, recording, storing, integrating, and evaluating and tracking performance information in the implementation of longer-term strategic plans. The usage of the geographic information system (GIS) as a monitoring and evaluation tool has gained traction in the last few decades due to its ability to support the collection, integration, storage, analysis, output, and distribution of location-based data. The advent of web-based GIS provides a powerful online platform to collect, integrate, discover, use and share geospatial data, information, and services related to sustainable development. In this paper, we aim to describe the implementation, architectural structural design, and the functionality of the pilot Agenda 2063 geoportal. The live prototype internet-based geoportal is intended to facilitate data collection, management, integration, analysis, and visualization of Agenda 2063 development indicators. This geoportal is meant to support the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the Agenda 2063 goals at the continental, regional, and national levels. As our results show, we successfully demonstrated that a web-geoportal is a powerful interactive platform to upload, access, explore, visualize, analyse, and disseminate geospatial data related to the sustainable development of the African continent. Although in the pilot phase, the geoportal demonstrates the primary functionality of geoportals in terms of its capability to discover, analyse, share, and download geospatial datasets.
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Tolstov, S. "GOALS AND PRINCIPLES IN PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EU AND THE AFRICAN UNION." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, no. 130 (2017): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.130.0.4-12.
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The African continent has traditionally been considered as Europe’s ‘backyard’. The Africa – EU partnership framework was established at the Africa – EU Summit in Cairo in 2000. In 2005 the European Commission issued a renovated EU Strategy for Africa aimed to establish a Euro-African pact to accelerate Africa’s development. Since then a considerable change has taken place on both continents, which challenge the way Africa and Europe perceive each other. On 29th June 2016 the African Union Commission and the EU signed the third phase of the African Union Support Programme. The goals of the EU – AU strategic partnership relations envisage a wide range of priorities in different areas including enhanced political dialogue, development assistance, joint management and joint responsibility, security cooperation, regulation of migrations, promotion of trans-regional projects etc. The joint EU – AU documents strengthen upon bilateral cooperation in addressing global issues, distributing burdens, mutual accountability, solidarity and mutual trust, equality and justice, respect for international law and agreements, gender equality and non-discrimination. However the actual results of interaction in such priority areas as peace and security, democracy, good governance and human rights, sustainable and inclusive development, economic growth, human development and continental integration remain rather low. Thus the European political experts often speculate on the ineffectiveness of the EU’s concept of normative power and external governance attempts in relation to the African states.
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Tolstov, S. "GOALS AND PRINCIPLES IN PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EU AND THE AFRICAN UNION." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 130 (2017): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.130.1.4-12.
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The African continent has traditionally been considered as Europe’s ‘backyard’. The Africa – EU partnership framework was established at the Africa – EU Summit in Cairo in 2000. In 2005 the European Commission issued a renovated EU Strategy for Africa aimed to establish a Euro-African pact to accelerate Africa’s development. Since then a considerable change has taken place on both continents, which challenge the way Africa and Europe perceive each other. On 29th June 2016 the African Union Commission and the EU signed the third phase of the African Union Support Programme. The goals of the EU – AU strategic partnership relations envisage a wide range of priorities in different areas including enhanced political dialogue, development assistance, joint management and joint responsibility, security cooperation, regulation of migrations, promotion of trans-regional projects etc. The joint EU – AU documents strengthen upon bilateral cooperation in addressing global issues, distributing burdens, mutual accountability, solidarity and mutual trust, equality and justice, respect for international law and agreements, gender equality and non-discrimination. However the actual results of interaction in such priority areas as peace and security, democracy, good governance and human rights, sustainable and inclusive development, economic growth, human development and continental integration remain rather low. Thus the European political experts often speculate on the ineffectiveness of the EU’s concept of normative power and external governance attempts in relation to the African states.
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Ayeni, Margaret Foluso. "The Challenges and Prospects of Science Education Development in Africa." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0033.
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In spite of the numerous groundbreaking innovations and inventions that science education can achieve in Africa, its growth in the continent is stunted. This retardation in development is as a result of fundamental problems which are discussed in the paper under the following headings: Insecurity, corruption, Unavailability of Laboratory Equipment and Instructional materials, Inadequate Funds, Inadequate Teacher Quality and Teaching Method, Difficult concepts in science. The paper highlights the challenges crippling the development of science education and the prospects its growth will have in the growth of Africa as a continent. Also, this paper focuses on the challenges plaguing science education in African Countries. It intends to reveal how science education is being prevented from becoming prominent in the national and sustainable development of African countries. It also discusses the prospects science education will have in the development of the continent if it was not plagued with difficulties. Some recommendations were made on the steps to take to improve the development of science education in Africa. Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
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Ngadaya, Esther, Andrew Kitua, Barbara Castelnuovo, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Leonard Mboera, Bruce Kirenga, Getnet Yimer, et al. "PO 8573 RESEARCH, MENTORSHIP AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: IS RETIREMENT AGE A HURDLE TO RESEARCH SUSTAINABILITY IN AFRICA?" BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A56.1—A56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.147.
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BackgroundRetirement age in most of sub-Saharan Africa is between 55 and 60 years, even in academic and research institutions. There is no mechanism to retain even the few most experienced and outstanding among them. There is evidence that institutions retaining experienced researchers access better large research grants.MethodsWe conducted literature review and shared views and experiences among peer research scientistsResultsMost African scientists obtain their first degrees aged 25–30 years. Economic needs compounded with work experience requirements for PhD studies delay their research career development such that most PhD graduates are 40–50 years of age. However, unlike in the developed world where the majority acquire their PhDs in their late 20’s or early 30’s, there is no mechanism to retain them longer at work to maximise their contributions to scientific developments. Instead, African scientists are forced to retire young at 60 years of age. On the contrary, developed countries scientists graduate earlier, work longer and have retention mechanisms even after retirement. African countries do not consider retaining even the few who have demonstrated outstanding performance. Consequently, outstanding research scientists retire at the time when they are needed most. They seek and get jobs abroad or in externally owned projects (brain drain). Their decade or so of work, generates more resources abroad, depriving Africa of resource generating capacity. Secondly, retiring at the height of their performance is economically counterproductive. Thirdly, this affects negatively the career development of young scientists for lack of experienced supervisors and mentors.ConclusionAfrica must rethink the retirement age of its research scientists and create incentives to retain outstanding research scientists who reach retirement age. This is urgently needed to stop brain drain, contribute to economic development, and accelerate ongoing efforts to build sustainable research capacity and mentorship programmes in Africa.
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Maingi, Shem Wambugu. "Sustainable tourism certification, local governance and management in dealing with overtourism in East Africa." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 11, no. 5 (October 14, 2019): 532–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-06-2019-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the causes and effects of overtourism within the East African region. The paper examines how national governments address the problem of overtourism in East Africa and determines underlying principles and best practice in sustainable tourism certification, local governance and management in dealing with overtourism. Design/methodology/approach To address the objectives, the researcher conducted an exploratory experience survey research design. The study examines the different articles in the subject area and interview findings of practitioner respondents. Based on a review of the existing dimensions of overtourism, the effects of overtourism and local governance, the study sought to derive a holistic (systemic and integrated) perspective on the subject matter. Findings The paper presents valuable evidence from industry practitioners on the effects of overtourism in East Africa by classifying the effects as psychological, physical, economic and socio-cultural. Further, the paper examines how East African governments address the problem of overtourism and gives recommendations on ways to enforce, govern and coordinate implementation of tourism regulations and policies in East Africa. Originality/value This paper is the first to address overtourism in the context of East Africa, examining different local and innovative approaches to dealing with the impacts of overtourism in an East African context.
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Bello, Mukhtar. "Renewable Energy for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa." Advanced Materials Research 1116 (July 2015): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1116.33.
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Worldwide, developing countries struggle to overcome numerous problems that constrain their socio-economic development. Sub-Saharan African countries represent a good example of developing countries with serious developmental challenges. Thus, this chapter presents a critical analysis on the socio-economic situation in Sub-Saharan Africa and the links between limited access to modern energy services and the prevailing socio-economic circumstance. It discusses the expected roles of renewable energy technologies in increasing energy access in the region and highlights important factors that influence extensive deployment of renewable energy technologies for sustainable development. Reliable statistical data on both the Human Development Index (HDI) and Energy Development Index (EDI) rankings indicate that most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa lie far below the world average and as a region, Sub-Saharan Africa scores least. There is high level of poverty and inadequate social services, which is attributed to acute shortage of modern energy services. In Sub-Saharan Africa, over 70% of the population lack reliable access to electricity and modern cooking fuels, which represents a large proportion of the „energy poor‟ in the world. Lack of access to modern energy services limits economic and agricultural opportunities, negatively affects the environment, promotes gender inequality and constrains delivery of social services such as health care delivery system and education. Thus, one of the biggest developmental challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa is to find effective and pragmatic solutions for increasing energy access. Sub-Saharan Africa is richly endowed with renewable energy resources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydropower and geothermal, which largely remain unexploited. The renewable energy resources are widely available throughout the region unlike the conventional fossil-based resources, that is, coal, oil and gas, which are concentrated within very few countries. Therefore, the renewable energy resources if properly and fully utilized can provide clean, affordable and reliable energy services that will promote socio-economic activities and support sustainable development.
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Mlambo, Daniel N. "Continental Migration Trends: Its Implications from an African Perspective." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i2.2378.
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Migration is witnessed throughout the world, this is even true for a third world continent such as Africa, where individuals tend to move from one place to another propelled by diverse push and pull factors. This paper brings forward the degree of migration movements in Africa. Additionally, it seeks to understand the impact(s) of migration within the continent. It argues that migration in Africa is not a new phenomenon as it has been witnessed since colonialism often as a result of forced migration. However, post the colonial era, Africa has observed an upsurge of migration movements both documented and undocumented. This is manifested by the fact that Africa has remained an underdeveloped continent coupled with vast economic hindrances including unemployment, political instability, low growth rates, terrorism and corruption. In this vein, individuals move from place to place for better economic opportunities for themselves particularly to Western, Eastern and Southern African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Botswana, South Africa, Ivory Coast, Angola, Rwanda and Namibia. The paper concludes by outlining that if Africa is to limit and manage the evergrowing migration movements, then African heads of states should possibly improve their border patrol security, enhance rural agriculture and improve rural service delivery programmes. Moreover, to implement robust, well monitored and managed policies that intend to support and complement the policies of the African Union (AU), regional bodies and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) with regards to African migration.
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Gbadamosi, G. "Corruption perception and sustainable development: Sharing Botswana’s anti-graft agency experiences." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 9, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v9i2.1151.
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Unethical practices and corruption issues have become one of the greatest challenges to Africans and their leaders, threatening to undermine economic growth, democratic stability and sustenance, and general developmental efforts. Against this background, this paper examines corruption perception in Africa using indicators of Transparency International as benchmark. The costs of corruption to the continent’s progress were highlighted. The paper also focuses on Botswana’s efforts to fight corruption through its Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC). The factors that have aided the qualified successes of the anti-corruption efforts as well as lessons that may be learnt by other African countries are discussed.
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Folorunso, Caleb A. "Globalization, Cultural Heritage Management and the Sustainable Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Nigeria." Heritage 4, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 1703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030094.
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This paper addresses the impacts of globalization on cultural heritage conservation in sub-Saharan Africa. The homogenization and commodification of Indigenous cultures as a result of globalization and it’s impacts on the devaluation of heritage sites and cultural properties is discussed within a Nigerian context. Additionally, the ongoing global demand for African art objects continues to fuel the looting and destruction of archaeological and historical sites, negatively impacting the well-being of local communities and their relationships to their cultural heritage. Global organizations and institutions such as UNESCO, the World Bank, and other institutions have been important stakeholders in the protection of cultural heritage worldwide. This paper assesses the efficacy of the policies and interventions implemented by these organizations and institutions within Africa and makes suggestions on how to advance the protection of African cultural heritage within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, cultural heritage conservation is explored as a core element of community well-being and a tool with which African nations may achieve sustainable economic development.
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Podbiralina, G. V., and J. C. Asiagba. "Factors of Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Trends." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-38-54.
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Despite the fact that the African continent is positioned as one of the fastest growing economies in the world (especially the sub-region of sub-Saharan Africa), the lack of industrialization and the use of modern technologies continues to be a brake on the development of the economies of African countries, which largely depend on agriculture and exports of raw goods that have a relatively low added value and account for more than 80% of their exports. This has a negative impact not only on the economic development of the region, but also on per capita incomes of the population. This article assesses the existing economic potential of African countries, which is one of the most important factors for overcoming economic backwardness, achieving the goals of sustainable development, raising the standard of living of the population and changing the status of SSA countries in the world economic system. It is shown that it is important for African states to attract new technologies and innovative products to the industrial and agricultural sectors, since knowledge and innovations are the locomotive of economic growth and are one of the most important factors in the reconstruction and modernization of their economies.
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John Peter, OKORO,. "TRANSFORMING HIGHER EDUCATION FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PEACEBUILDING IN AFRICA." Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 6 (July 30, 2020): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.2.6.3.
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Education is unarguably the bedrock of sustainable national development. As a major role player in the socio-economic development of nations, education has the potentials of infusing a culture of peace in the minds of the recipients. Education that fosters positive socio-economic development can help in pre- and post-conflict peacebuilding and of course prevent or solve armed conflicts. Higher education as a very important level of education, however, plays a dominant role in this direction. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have the mandate to build the human capital required to drive socio-economic growth in nations. This mandate is carried out in the form of training, research, and innovation for development. In Africa, tertiary education is still developing in terms of socio-economic development and peacebuilding mindedness. HEIs in Africa are constantly accused of producing graduates that do not match the needs of the industry. These graduates receive less or no training in the area of entrepreneurship, ICT, and peacebuilding, making them completely dependent on governments after graduation which in turn actuates conflict. Poor educational reforms, indiscipline, corruption, poor governance, shortage of resources, and political instability are seen as the major problems. To solve these problems, universities are urged to orchestrate their training towards ensuring access to quality and relevant education that could divorce the minds of the receivers from being job seekers to job creators. African nations should transform higher education by including entrepreneurial, ICT, and peace-building courses in national education curriculums as such could empower youths for socio-economic development and peaceful living. Adopting peace education in all the facets of operations of tertiary institutions in Africa should be encouraged. Therefore, this study presents how transforming higher education can lead to socio-economic development and peacebuilding in Africa.
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Opoku, Eric Evans Osei, and Isabel Kit-Ming Yan. "Industrialization as driver of sustainable economic growth in Africa." Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 28, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 30–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2018.1483416.
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Abrahams, Diane. "Local economic development in South Africa: A useful tool for sustainable development." Urban Forum 14, no. 2-3 (April 2003): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-003-0010-0.
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Martins, JH, and C. Van Aardt. "Economic impact of the world summit on sustainable development." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 7, no. 3 (April 8, 2004): 492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v7i3.1360.
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South Africa hosted the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in 2002. This event is regarded as the single biggest conference to be held anywhere in the world. The aim of this paper is to set out the estimated economic impact of the WSSD and its parallel events on South Africa. This impact can be expressed in monetary terms as well as employment figures. The impact is calculated by using an input-output model and employment spin-offs determined from the IO table by using partial multipliers. The input data were derived from a survey amongst WSSD delegates as well as information on government and private investments made.