Dissertations / Theses: 'Sustainable Development Plans'

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Ersöz, Timur. "Sustainable Development in Swedish and Canadian Campus Plans." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234243.

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The concept of sustainable development being integrated into strategic spatial plans has increased in recent years. University campus plans are examples of such spatial plans, and these form the focus of this study. Sustainable development is a contested concept that lacks clarity and specific guidelines, which has led to various interpretations of the concept around the world. Campus plans in the present are not perfect regarding the implementation of sustainable development on campus. Three Canadian and three Swedish campus plans have been evaluated through content analysis in order to determine the sustainable aspects that were brought up. Furthermore, neighborhood assessment and certification systems were used to identify the sustainability aspects needed in a community. The campus plans differ from each other with regard to the sustainability aspects included and how these were addressed. The campus plans include strategies on how to address the sustainability aspects. The results show different understandings of sustainable development in campuses in the two nations. The major differences between the campus plans were that the Swedish campus plans brought up ecological aspects such as green structure and climate adaptation which were lacking in the Canadian campus plans. The Canadian campus plans on the other hand focused more on the social and the economic dimensions of sustainable development. There were also differences between the campus plans within the same nation. The different strategies between the campus plans can be used to complement each other. The shared knowledge and experience between these plans can help to improve the interpretation of sustainable development in campus plans. We can learn from the pros and cons of the different campus plans in order to enhance and improve the strategies to achieve sustainability in future campuses. The criteria from neighborhood assessment tools also help with developing campus plans and improving strategies which enable sustainable development.
Hållbar utveckling är ett begrepp som alltmer har integrerats i strategiska regionsplaner under senare år. Universitetscampus/områden är exempel på sådana regionsplaner, och universitetscampus kommer att utgöra fokus i den här studien. Hållbar utveckling är ett ifrågasatt koncept som saknar tydliga och specifika riktlinjer, vilket har lett till olika tolkningar av begreppet runtom i världen. Campusplaner idag är inte perfekta när det gäller genomförandet av hållbar utveckling på campus. Tre kanadensiska och tre svenska campusplaner har utvärderats genom en innehållsanalys, med syfte att fastställa vilka hållbarhetsaspekter som har tagits i beaktande i de olika planerna. Dessutom, har certifieringssystem använts för att identifiera de hållbarhetsaspekter som behövs i ett samhälle. Campusplanerna skiljer sig från varandra beträffande vilka hållbarhetsaspekter som har inkluderats samt hur dessa har behandlats. Campusplanerna innehåller strategier vilket beskriver hur aspekterna ska behandlas. Resultaten visar på en skillnad i förståelsen av hållbar utveckling av campusplanerna i de två länderna. De huvudsakliga skillnaderna mellan campusplanerna är att de svenska campusplanerna tar fasta på ekologiska aspekter, som en grön struktur och miljöanpassning, vilket saknas i de kanadensiska campusplanerna. De kanadensiska campusplanerna å andra sidan fokuserar mer på de sociala och ekonomiska dimensionerna av hållbar utveckling. Dessutom finns det skillnader mellan campusplanerna inom samma land. De olika strategierna mellan de olika campusplanerna kan med fördel användas för att komplettera varandra. Den kunskap och erfarenhet som de olika planerna bidrar med kan användas för att förbättra tolkningen och förståelsen av hållbar utveckling av campusplaner. Vi kan lära oss av de olika campusplanernas för- och nackdelar i syfte att förfina och förbättra våra strategier för att uppnå hållbarhet på framtida campus.

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Hine, Maggie. "Development plans : their role in promoting sustainable development in metropolitan Adelaide." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh662.pdf.

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Bruff, Garreth Edward. "Sustainable development in English metropolitan authorities : an investigation using unitary development plans." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1997. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4751/.

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Sustainable development can be approached from many different perspectives. Whilst short, 'punchy' definitions have successfully communicated and popularised sustainable development, a detailed and meaningful application of the concept is much more problematic. In order to address the situation, this thesis investigates the potential of unitary development plans (UDPs) to operationalise sustainable development in the current political and economic context. The study utilises a combination of qualitative techniques over two distinct stages to meet three research aims. Stage I consists of a broad survey of 36 UDPs to assess their strengths and weaknesses in terms of sustainable development. It uses the work of the UK Local Agenda 21 Campaign to define sustainable development as 29 'Policy Directions for Sustainable Development'. This definition is then applied to the UDPs using the methods of content analysis. The survey reveals that all UDPs are currently promoting sustainable development in terms of the built and natural physical environment. Other areas of sustainable development, however, such as energy and land, air and water quality, are currently outside the remit of most UDP policies. Using the results of this survey, Stage 111 of the research selects two UDPs for a case study investigation. This stage utilises documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with local actors to explore the dynamics of each UDP process. It reveals that the policy remit of both plans were largely researched, defined and then written by the professional planners in each authority; whereas inputs from locally elected councillors, the general public or other local organisations are generally limited to narrower, site specific issues. These characteristics can be explained by the perceptions of the planning profession held by local actors in both authorities. For example, many councillors have a narrow, procedural understanding of the planning system, believing that good land-use planning is largely equivalent to sustainable development. Planners, on the other hand, see sustainable development as a new legitimisation of their profession and are therefore keen to promote their own understanding of the concept. In order to realise the potential of UDPs to fully operationalise sustainable development, the thesis concludes with a number of recommendations for changing the current UDP process.

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Cooke, Penny-Jane. "Addressing sustainable development issues in integrated development plans in the Western Cape Province." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4837.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (leave 110-114).
The integrated development plan (IDP) has been described as a key tool to ensure the incorporation of sustainability considerations at the local planning level within government. In the South African context this suggests a linking of planning and environmental management functions within local level government. Various theoretical studies have been conducted regarding the incorporation of environmental and sustainability concerns in the integrated development planning process. Evidence from these studies indicates that consideration of the environment and sustainability issues is largely inadequate. Furthermore, the need to consider the environment as a cross-cutting issue has not been realized at the local government level, subsequently the environment is still considered as a separate sector or as an add-on after plan and project formulation. These findings are further indicative of the fact that a gap exists between policy and practice at the local government level. In terms of sustainability concerns and the integrated development plan, there are few empirical studies that provide evidence to support these claims. The broad aim of this study has been to determine to what extent sustainability concerns are being incorporated into Integrated Development Plans (lOP) at the metropolitan, district and local municipal authority level within the Western Cape Province of South Africa. To address the aim of this study, four main methods were employed. Firstly, a literature review was carried out to provide the theoretical and conceptual basis for the research. Secondly, the legislative and policy context in South Africa in terms of integrated development plans, environmental management and planning was examined. Thirdly, an analytical framework was developed based on a set of environmental and sustainability questions that need to be taken into consideration during each phase of the IDP process. Fourthly, this analytical framework was used to review and analyse a sample of lOP documents within the Western Cape Province. Lastly, interviews were conducted with various key officials at all three levels of government involved in different aspects of the IDP in the Western Cape.

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Haarhoff, R., and S. D. Turner. "Developing sustainable (eco)tourism training and research plans for Ethiopian universities." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 2: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/299.

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Published Article
The economic value of tourism makes it an attractive sector for commerce. Ethiopia has experienced rapid changes during the last decade and can be regarded the leading economic stimulator of the Horn of Africa. The challenge is therefore not only to develop tourism in a sustainable way so that a growing population can be fed, but simultaneously to create better livelihoods for millions of people. The primary objective is to develop an overall education, training and multi-disciplinary research plan for Ethiopian universities with an integrated gender perspective in the field of (eco) tourism, taking into account the professional and/or educational needs of the labour market and the demand-driven research needs of relevant external stakeholders in Ethiopia. Specific plans for universities with regard to training courses, study programmes and demand-driven research programmes will be developed, while explicitly avoiding overlap and overprovision of the afore-mentioned courses and programmes at national level.

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Gardener, Roy Dudley. "Sustainable regional development : developing a sustainability assessment framework for district and metropolitan integrated development plans." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86408.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Achieving the goal of sustainable development (SD) and sustainability has proven to be a difficult task, inter alia, because some definitions of the terms are fuzzy and ambiguous and are interpreted differently depending on the context. The spatial scale, at which sustainability should be addressed, varies from site specific to the global level. The niche area, which has had little attention specifically in the South African context, is the regional scale. Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) are just one means by which sustainability can be mainstreamed into regional development planning within the South African context. IDPs are seen as holistic, multi-sectoral, strategic plans for district, metropolitan and local government, required in terms of national legislation. Legislation and guidelines on IDPs suggest that their purpose should be to contribute to sustainable development, but it is questioned whether this is the case. Sustainability Assessments (SAs) can be seen as instruments to direct decision-making towards sustainability, and the purpose of this literature study was to review current IDP Assessment Frameworks (AFs) used by the national and Western Cape provincial governments to assess IDPs, from a sustainability perspective. A literature review was conducted to establish the meaning of sustainability and sustainable development in the context of regional planning, the challenges facing regional planning, and the issues that need to be addressed in IDPs in order to promote sustainability. The first objective of the literature study was to analyse whether present metropolitan and district IDP assessment frameworks used in the Western Cape address sustainability adequately. The second objective was to develop a Sustainability Assessment Framework (SAF) that addresses relevant sustainability issues, based on new and innovative ways of addressing SD and sustainability at a regional scale. Lessons were also learnt through examining and assessing policies and plans both locally and abroad. The literature review highlighted lessons that can be learnt from systems and complexity thinking, transdisciplinary approach, transition management, resilience and regional innovation. The use of Impact Assessments (IAs) and Sustainability Assessments (SAs) from other countries, as well as South Africa, also proved valuable. A review of existing IDP AFs was performed, to determine where the gaps are and whether the principles of regional sustainability are incorporated into current AFs. It was established that current IDP AFs do not adequately assess sustainability issues in district, metropolitan and cross-border regional plans. Current AFs lack depth from a sustainability perspective, and therefore a new SAF was proposed for metropolitan and district IDPs. This SAF highlights five (5) domains of sustainability that should be used as inputs into IDPs. These are: (1) Environmental Sustainability, (2) Social Sustainability, (3) Economic Sustainability, (4) Built Environment and Technology Sustainability, and (5) Institutional Sustainability. Further inputs into the SAF were four (4) approach-based categories derived from the literature and existing frameworks. These comprise (1) Resilience and Resilient Governance, (2) Transdisciplinary approach, (3) Complexity and Systems Thinking, and (4) Regional Innovation Systems. Different indicators were then developed which were based on these approaches, but are specific to each domain of sustainability. The indicators can be used to rate, weigh and score IDPs based on the scorecard that was developed. The overall ‘sustainability rating’ of the IDP could then be calculated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om volhoubaarheid en volhoubare ontwikkeling (VO) te bewerkstellig, is 'n moeilike taak, onder andere omdat sommige definisies vir die verskillende terme vaag en dubbelsinnig is en verskillend geïnterpreteer word, afhangende van die konteks. Die ruimtelike skaal waar volhoubaarheid aangespreek behoort te word, wissel vanaf terrein spesifiek tot by die globale skaal. Die nis-area wat nog min aandag geniet het, veral in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, is die streek-skaal. Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelingsplanne (GOPe) is net een metode waarmee volhoubaarheid in die hoofstroom opgeneem kan word in streekbeplanning binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. GOPe word gesien as holistiese, multi-sektorale, strategiese planne vir distriks-, metropolitaanse en plaaslike regerings, wat deur nasionale wetgewing vereis word. Wetgewing en riglyne oor GOPe dui daarop dat hul doel is om by te dra tot volhoubare ontwikkeling, maar dit word bevraagteken of dit wel die geval is. Volhoubare evaluering kan beskou word as metodes om besluitneming in die rigting van volhoubaarheid te stuur, en die doel van hierdie studie was om huidige evalueringsraamwerke wat deur die nasionale en Wes-Kaap provinsiale regerings gebruik word om GOPe te evalueer, te ondersoek vanuit ‘n volhoubaarheids-perspektief. ‘n Literatuuroorsig is gedoen om vas te stel wat die uitdagings is wat streekbeplanning in die sig staar, wat die betekenis van volhoubaarheid en volhoubare ontwikkeling in die konteks van streeksbeplanning is en wat die kwessies is wat aangespreek behoort te word om volhoubaarheid te bevorder. Die eerste doel van die literatuur studie was om te analiseer of die huidige plaaslike GOP assessering raamwerke, wat gebruik word in die Wes-Kaap, volhoubaarheid adequaat aanspreek Die tweede doel van die studie was dus om ‘n Volhoubaarheidseveluaringsraamwerk (VER) op te stel, gebaseer op nuwe en innoverende maniere uit die literatuur om VO en volhoubaarheid op streekskaal aan te spreek, sowel as om bestaande beleid en planne, beide plaaslik en in die buiteland, te ondersoek vir lesse wat daaruit geleer kan word. Die literatuur oorsig het ook beklemtoon watter lesse geleer kan word uit stelsels- en kompleksiteitdenke, transdissiplinariteit, oorgangsbestuur, herstellingsvermoë en streeks-innovering. Die gebruik van Impakstudies en Volhoubaarheid-evaluerings vanuit ander lande, sowel as Suid-Afrika, was ook waardevol. Die hersiening van bestaande GOP Evalueringsraamwerke (ERe) vanuit 'n volhoubare perspektief is ook uitgevoer om te bepaal waar daar leemtes bestaan en of die beginsels van streeksvolhoubaarheid ingesluit is in huidige ERe. Daar is vasgestel dat volhoubaarheid nie voldoende aangespreek is in huidige GOP ERe van distriks-, metropolitaanse en streeksplanne nie en 'n nuwe Volhoubaarheidsevalueringsraamwerk (VER) is dus ontwikkel vir metropolitaanse en distrik GOPe. Hierdie VER beklemtoon vyf (5) domeine van volhoubaarheid wat as insette tot GOPe gebruik kan word. Dit sluit in: (1) Omgewingsvolhoubaarheid, (2) Sosiale volhoubaarheid, (3) Ekonomiese volhoubaarheid, (4) Beboude omgewing en Tegnologie volhoubaarheid, en (5) Institusionele volhoubaarheid. Verdere insette tot die VER was vier (4) benaderings-gebaseerde kategorieë, afgelei uit die literatuur en bestaande raamwerke. Dit behels (1) Herstellingsvermoë en herstelbestuur, (2) Transdissiplinêre benadering, (3) Kompleksiteit en Sisteem denke, en (4) Streeks-innoveringstelsels. Verskillende indikatore is daarna ontwikkel wat gebaseer is op elkeen van hierdie benaderings, maar wat spesifiek was tot elke domein van volhoubaarheid. Die indikatore is gebruik om GOPe te evalueer en om gewigte en tellings toe te ken gebaseer op ‘n telkaart wat ontwikkel is.

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Tarr, Peter. "The potential role of environmental assessment in promoting sustainable development in Namibia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU117436.

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The use of Environmental Assessment (EA) as a planning tool has been promoted in Namibia in recent years and a broad-based, consultative process to develop an umbrella Environmental Management Act, is underway. Most EAs conducted since 1990 were for prospecting and mining, and many were post-facto assessments that led to the development of Environmental Management Plans. This dissertation examines the links between sustainable development and EA, both from a theoretical perspective and on the basis of case study analysis. The objective is to assess the potential role of EA in promoting sustainable development in an arid, natural resource dependent, developing country. An overview of Namibia's socio-economic and environmental circumstances, development needs and options, past and current planning systems and commonalties within the region, provided a contextual setting for the analysis. The role of EA is assessed through a review of the planning and implementation of sector policies, plans, programmes and projects. A national questionnaire survey of decision makers provided insight into their knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards EA. Finally, the dissertation considers the trial implementation of "fast-track EA" in the small-scale mining sector. It remains difficult to ascribe the appropriate implementation of activities to the influence of EA. However, the dissertation shows that EAs enhanced the way development activities were planned and implemented, especially when applied at the strategic level. Even at the project level, EAs improved planning and implementation when introduced early in the process. The lessons learnt in Namibia confirm that public participation is crucial to the success of EA. EAs that disappointed were those where the process was dominated by a single stakeholder or where authorities either excluded or unduly influenced public participation. By helping to minimise negative impacts, EAs have reduced opportunity cost and have thus promoted sustainable development. The dissertation makes a number of key recommendations including the creation of broad-based administrative structures to implement EA, the diversified application of Strategic EA and the development of "fast track EA" to guide the increasingly important small and informal sectors of Namibia's economy.

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Somevi, Joseph Kwame. "The potential role of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in the development of sustainable energy policies, plans and programmes for Ghana." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247794.

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Apel, Mark. "How to Be Engaged with Your Local Government on Sustainable Development." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146415.

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Engaging with one's local government on sustainable development ideas can seem daunting. Understanding your local government's structure and public meeting protocol is key to any citizen's initiative to influence and bring about change to their community. Many examples of sustainability plans and policies developed by other communities across the country are available on the internet to help citizens create some action in their own neighborhood that fosters sustainable development.

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Xu, QIAOQIAO. "Approaches toward a low carbon future for China: Scenario analysis about the provincial level plans." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-210684.

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As the global warming brings more and more disasters, controlling greenhouse gas emission is one of the main global crucial issues nowadays. As one of the main emitters in the world, China faces more and more international pressure to reduce the emission, so it is urgent to make the transition to a low carbon economy.At the same time, China has been going through the fast urbanization process as shown in the “Northam Curve”, and the current urbanization mode requires the demand of the carbon-intensive consumption, and could lead to the massive carbon emission as well. However, it is contradictory to the long-time sustainable development in China. So, under the current condition, the reduction plan needs to be fit in the Chinese demand, so it is very crucial, and requires innovation and creation to analyze the reduction factor and find the balance point between the urbanization and low carbon development mode. Regarding to the different urbanization rate and economic development modes characters between the East, Central, West part of China, this thesis uses inductive and deductive method to study. Firstly, it chooses one province from each region to investigate. Then it integrated urbanization factor into Kaya equation to study different factors impacts on the carbon dioxide emission in the three sample provinces. It also selected the co-integration econometrics method to study the equilibrium relationship between the carbon dioxide emission and other main factors. Through analyzing the current reduction plan, it explains and forecasts the possible emission in 2015. The result suggests that the anticipated carbon dioxide emission might be able to achieve under the transition to a low carbon economy mode. Different regions should have their own feasible plans through controlling the urbanization rate, slowing the economic development rate and through reducing the energy intensity, improving the energy structure.

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Davies, Julia. "Exploring the factors and actors that contribute to the co-production of climate adaptation plans: a comparison of three municipalities in the Western Cape Province, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22720.

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Local governments are increasingly responding to climate change by developing formal institutions for adaptation. However, given the relative novelty of the adaptation planning field, there is insufficient practice-related research to inform these processes. The aim of this dissertation is therefore to assess the factors and actors that affect climate adaptation planning at the municipal level. Whilst numerous studies have identified the barriers to and opportunities for adaptation, less is known about what the underlying institutional, political and social conditions are that cause these factors to arise. This dissertation adopts a placebased perspective to comparatively analyse the adaptation planning processes that were undertaken in the Bergrivier, Drakenstein and Eden Municipalities between 2012 -2013, under sponsorship from the Western Cape Government's Climate Change Municipal Support Programme (CCMSP). The CCMSP upholds an ethos of participation and multistakeholder engagement, and the theoretical concepts of knowledge co-production and collaborative governance are therefore drawn on as a framing device to guide the analysis. The results highlight the various factors that can inhibit the success of collaborative adaptation planning in municipalities, as well as the multiple opportunities that exist to overcome or avoid these barriers. The barriers that emerged most strongly included: the prioritisation of local socio-economic development needs, restricted financial and human capacity resources, information and time constraints, an absence of mandatory legislation, a lack of political will to prioritise adaptation, limited cross-sectoral integration, poor representation and continuity at multi-stakeholder workshops, unclear employee roles within an organisation, strong power dynamics and misrepresented perceptions around compound environmental, climate change and development issues. The most prominent opportunities that were found for overcoming these barriers included: sound leadership from driven local champions, locating champions in departments other than, or in addition to, environmental departments, the presence of political will and support for the adaptation agenda, drawing on and/or building relationships and networks to co-explore and co-produce knowledge and policy, embracing experimentation and innovation, using informal communication channels, finding alternative devices through which to frame climate change and mainstreaming adaptation into overall municipal planning. Whilst some of the barriers and opportunities that were identified were common across the three case studies, others were specifically related to causes internal to the municipal environment and were thus highly context-specific. In light of these findings, the dissertation concludes that future municipal adaptation planning processes should focus on addressing the need for strong political will and effective local leadership, remain cognizant of the municipal context, call attention to the invisible factors that influence municipal climate governance, capitalize on opportunities for partnership-building, view adaptation as an iterative process rather than an end-point and embrace a flexible, 'learning by doing' approach.

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Henriksen, Helene Elvira Berg. "Big Goals - Small Island: Will Fiji achieve sustainable food security? : Comparing the plans and policies built by the Fijian government under the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353071.

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This thesis examines how global development goals affect Fijian plans and policy strategies to achieve food security. The concept of food security is vast and complex, as several development issues contribute to the difficulty in achieving such security. It is therefore relevant to look at some of the dominating and underlying causes that challenge the possibility for Fiji to achieve food security. Built on previous theoretical and empirical evidence, this thesis identifies poverty and vulnerability as two dominant causes that hinder food security on Fiji. However, other causes, both internal and external, are recognised. Global development goals such as the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals have highly influenced the strategies built within Fijian plans and policies. Millennium Development Goal 1 and 7, and Sustainable Development Goal 1 and 2, are of particular interest to this study, as the different goals target the issues of poverty, vulnerability and hunger. Although the different goals all target the underlying causes of food insecurity, this thesis finds that they differ in influencing a focus on achieving sustainable food security. Therefore, as the aspects of poverty, vulnerability and food security are highly intertwined, this thesis examines how strategies tackling poverty and vulnerability reduction have influenced strategies on food security on Fiji. By comparing the plans and policies built in consistency with the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals, it has been possible to analyse whether such global goals have had an influence on addressing the underlying causes of food security on Fiji. Using the method of structured focused comparison in combination with an in-depth text analysis, structured questions have been built in order to analyse the chosen materials. The analysis has been conducted using information from different national plans found to be of relevance to the purpose of this study. The results show that goals with greater focus on social and environmental vulnerability, as well as long-term targets to eradicate poverty, provide a greater success in influencing a focus on food security in Fijian plans and policies. However, additional factors such as political instability, climate change and globalization need to be integrated into further studies on the chosen subject, in order to provide a greater understanding of how to achieve food security in a Pacific Small Island Developing State such as Fiji.

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Rahman, Zulkifli Abdul. "Environmental planning for sustainable water uses : a case study on the development of catchment management plans in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/390.

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The thesis explores the role of Catchment Management Planning [CMP] in promoting sustainable water uses within a river catchment and develops a framework and procedures whereby CMP could be implemented in Malaysia. The study links the concepts of sustainable development and the principles underlying the sustainability of water uses, which are explicit throughout the thesis, with land use, water resources, environmental planning and management controls, using the river catchment or basin as the basis of the framework for water resource management. The mismatch between the intended uses of river water and the prevailing water quality condition of rivers arises from conflicts of interest and can be attributed to the lack of land use and water resource management and control. The thesis emphasises the essential elements of integrating the concept of sustainable development into planning and management activities, while advocating the need for a multidisciplinary and integrative approach to catchment water quality management. The thesis describes the research framework and methodologies, and analyses the concept of sustainable development, the environmental policy for Malaysia, and the land use, water resource and environmental planning and management systems within the Malaysian context. The use of GIS in this area of spatial planning has been very promising, and the thesis demonstrates the functional capabilities of GIS in the identification of pollution problems and problematic areas through water quality modelling and approaches to decision making; this forms the basis for recommended actions in the proposed plan. The plan proposals, which are based on a holistic approach towards sustainability, contain: strategies for improving river water quality through source control and minimising impacts of land use development, while sustaining beneficial river uses; components of planning decision making and implementation; the functions, recommended format and framework for the Malaysian CMP; and opportunities and needs for further research.

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Young, Jennifer. "An evaluation of the potential of education for sustainable development to facilitate the implementation of local biodiversity action plans." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/884/.

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Dogru, Evrim. "Issues Of Sustainable Development In Local And Global Context: The Case Of Mugla." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608013/index.pdf.

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The sustainable development concept has entered the urban planning agenda of Turkey mainly after Habitat II Conference held in Istanbul in 1996. Turkey is trying to adopt the experiences of developed countries to improve the planning system including the sustainable development criteria. In this study, planning experience of Mugla is selected as a case study to criticize and evaluate on the changing planning process of cities in Turkey in terms of sustainable development criteria, which requires new approaches that are integrative and participative between local and global context. In the case of Mugla, the urban form has shaped according to the development areas declared in the plans as additional districts to the traditional city since 1930s
that is, the result was not sustainable in the long run because of some environmental, socio-economic and political values. In the thesis, the problems of the case related to planning experience through sustainable development objectives are stated and solutions are proposed for a sustainable city.

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Koch, Sofi. "STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN CLIMATE ACTION PLANS – A CASE STUDY OF COPENHAGEN AND STOCKHOLM." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447999.

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This study explored how social aspects for stakeholder engagement are being addressed and incorporated in climate action plans (CAPs). This focus was chosen to address the knowledge gap in research on social conditions for climate action which has been found to provide barriers to achieving deep decarbonisation. The thesis conducted a case study of two cities, Copenhagen (Denmark) and Stockholm (Sweden). Each city’s CAP was analysed through a thematic document analysis that explored through what measures each city aim to achieve stakeholder engagement for local climate action. Five overarching themes were identified through a literature review and used as an analysis framework: citizen engagement, private sector engagement, stakeholder collaboration, awareness development and advocacy. For both CAPs, the results showed an extensive variation for measures that contributed to each theme. The main findings were that measures should focus on developing collaborations, partnerships, networks, knowledge, awareness, skills, green procurement policies and stricter environmental regulations to support the level of stakeholder engagement needed for deep decarbonisation. Also, to focus on advocation measures, as well as measures aimed at developing knowledge and support to accelerate systematic change. In addition, it was found that cities need to focus on ensuring higher levels of equity and formalize extended citizen involvement for more inclusive and fair transitions. Findings also highlighted similarities and differences between the two CAPs, what lessons could be learned from these and connected these findings to how climate action could be further developed.

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Rodriguez, Carlos, and carlos_rodriguez_98@yahoo com. "The need for." RMIT University. School of Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061115.164324.

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This thesis explores how planning for sustainable development can be enhanced in Australia with a particular focus on strategic plans. Today, the concept of sustainable development has not been fully operationalised into plans; market and political forces still play a predominant role in planning practice. Nevertheless, some authors believe that the concept of sustainable development has reinvigorated planning. For example, there is an extensive literature on this topic within planning theory, although in practice, sustainable development has been difficult to implement. This thesis after acknowledging the relevance of economy and politics, provides an alternative approach to operationalise sustainable development in plans through a technical perspective. This perspective is based on the examination, from literature, of several techniques which deal with sustainable development. The central idea is that these techniques can be embraced under one concept,

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Gushlekov, Georgi. "The advent of Sustainable Transport in Scotland : The implementation of Glasgow’s Strategic Plans for Cycling and the case of South City Way." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386366.

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This study explores the option of stimulating cycling activity as part of the strife of the modern city towards adopting the principles of sustainable development in order to shape the everyday habits of its inhabitants. The case of the city of Glasgow was chosen as an appropriate example of the potential obstacles and benefits which the implementation of cycling policies is attributed with. The Scottish city’s cycling agenda was analysed and interpreted in light of a broader international context by offering similar instances. This paper is divided into two main parts. The first one focuses on reviewing and assessing the key aspects of Glasgow’s Strategic Plan for Cycling 2016 - 2025 and questions its applicability/capability on achieving the cycling rates (10% of all journeys) stipulated by the Scottish government. This is done via a literature review and supplementary interviews by local experts and suggests that there is a strong correlation between cycling levels and governmental/ local council policies while also indicating that historical, cultural or climate-related tendencies do not have such a strong influence. The paper identifies Glasgow’s cycling plan as inclusive and contributing to the evolution of urban planning towards sustainability. Additionally, it is established that the plan creates liaisons between the state, the private sector and civil society (in the form of NGOs and local community groups as well as individuals), which has led to lasting partnerships based on the collaborative planning and execution of projects. Lastly, the analysis implies that Glasgow’s plan for cycling distinguishes deftly between applying soft or/and hard measures according to the needs of the local residents, in particular, the local users. The second part of the paper investigates the successes and shortcomings of Glasgow’s Strategic Plan for Cycling 2016 - 2025 when it comes to the case of the South City Way Development Project by drawing links from the prior analysis and additional primary data sources. The thesis suggests that the main difficulties associated with the project would stem from the inconsistent cooperation with local community groups, the lack of opportunities for citizen participation and to a lesser degree the insufficient amount of supporting cycling infrastructure (cycle parking). Cycling-related policies have proven to be able to play a significant role in achieving sustainable urban development. Glasgow City Council’s cycling plan underlines the importance of combining governmental standards, environmental needs and communal necessities but at the same time fails to implement them in practice in order to achieve the fundamental shift in behaviour set as a target by the Scottish government. Sidelining the essential partnership and cooperation with local stakeholders as well as community involvement would likely bring about fractured public support, limited outreach and thus diminished results. Having pooled considerable financial and human resources into creating the 2016 -2025 Strategic Plan for Cycling, the paper suggests that Glasgow City Council has to follow its guidelines strictly in order to lead its community towards sustainability.

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Silva, Iris Joana Salada Rodrigues da. "Assessing the socio-economic impacts of regional plans in the Ria de Aveiro region." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17800.

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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente
A urbanização das zonas costeiras sofreu um grande aumento nas últimas décadas, causando uma grande pressão sobre o ambiente e os recursos. O aumento da população levou ao aumento da procura de habitações o que, por sua vez, resultou numa urbanização pouco planeada e desorganizada – levando à destruição e degradação do meio ambiente. Este tipo de urbanização extensa e dispersa é conhecida como dispersão urbana. No sentido de contradizer os impactes negativos da dispersão urbana nas zonas costeiras, surge a necessidade de pôr em prática um desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Tal pode ser conseguido através da implementação de legislação e politicas focadas na realização de objetivos sustentáveis. Em Portugal, uma dessas políticas é o Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Território (PROT). Vários modelos de uso do solo têm sido desenvolvidos no sentido de avaliar as mudanças de uso de solo históricas e futuras. No entanto, poucos são os modelos usados para avaliar de que forma os planos de ordenamento de território contribuem para uma urbanização sustentável e os seus impactes sociais, económicos e ambientais. Este estudo tem como principal objetivo a avaliação do Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Território para a região de Aveiro (o PROT-Centro), através do modelo SULD (Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development), com o intuito de perceber até que ponto este plano contribui para a urbanização sustentável da região. Tendo em conta uma perspetiva de desenvolvimento sustentável, os resultados demonstram que, apesar do cenário integrado não ser a pior opção, também não é a melhor. Nesta perspetiva, os resultados do cenário ambiental demonstram ser a melhor opção para um desenvolvimento urbano sustentável, observando-se benefícios ambientais (através da proteção e apreciação das amenidades ambientais), bem como benefícios ao nível social e económico (através da maior concentração urbana, preço de habitação e valor total do imobiliário na região), contradizendo a problemática de dispersão urbana e os seus impactes negativos. No sentido do cenário integrado ser uma opção mais viável, deveria ser limitada a zona de construção e mantidos os aspetos ambientais da paisagem.
Urbanization of coastal areas has increased, over the past decades, caused major pressure over resources and the environment. Population growth led to an increasing need for housing, which resulted in a rapid, unplanned and disperse urbanization – leading to the destruction and degradation of the environment. This type of extensive and scattered urbanization is known as urban sprawl. In order to contradict the negative impacts of urban sprawl and protect coastal environments, there is the need to procure sustainable urban development. This can be achieved through the implementation of frameworks and policies focused on achieving sustainability goals. In Portugal, one of those plans is the Regional Spatial Development Plan (PROT). Several land use models have been developed in order to assess historical and future land uses changes. This study aims to assess the regional spatial plan and its components for the Ria de Aveiro region (PROT-Centro), using the SULD decision support tool, in order to understand to what extent this plan contributes to sustainable urbanization of the region. Taking a sustainable development perspective, results show that even though the Integrated scenario is not the worst option it is, also, not the best option. From this perspective, the Environmental scenario results to be the best option for sustainable urban development, showing benefits from an environmental perspective (through the protection and appreciation of environmental amenities) as well as from a social and economic level (through increased urban concentration, housing prices and total real estate value in the region), while contradicting the problematic of urban sprawl and its negative effects. For the integrated scenario to be a more viable option, it should limit unconstrained urbanization and maintain more environmental aspects in the landscape.

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范德禮 and Tak-lai Terry Fan. "Tao Fong Shan Christian Centre: a sustainablelandscape development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980569.

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Nordström, Alfred, and Anton Claésson. "Motiveringar av växtval i Stockholms stads parker." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281542.

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I strävan att nå en hållbar utveckling i världen, och för att nå de globala hållbarhetsmålen, spelar arbetet i våra städer en allt större roll. En stor del av detta arbete grundar sig i städernas grönområden och hur dessa ska bevaras och skötas, men även utökas, för att öka tillgången till ekosystemtjänster i städerna. Dessa grönområden utgörs idag till stor del av parker. För att bevara och förstå dessa parkers egenskaper är det viktigt att veta vilka växter som planteras var och varför. Därför syftar detta arbete till att förstå motiven bakom växtvalen i parkerna. För att kunna besvara detta har tre av Stockholms stads parker studerats; Norr mälarstrands parkstråk. Rinkeby norra stadspark och parkleken Vårgården. De valda parkerna är geografiskt spridda i kommunen och därför antas de ge en god bild av de olika förutsättningar som finns i Stockholm. Förutom motiven bakom växtvalen har även kommunens ansvar undersökts, samt vilken roll styrande dokument har när det handlar om växtval. Därmed har dessa dokument analyserats och sedan kompletterats med tre intervjuer med ansvariga inom olika områden för att få en större förståelse för nuvarande arbete. Den viktigaste slutsatsen som dragits är att det till mycket stor del är parkens lokala förutsättningar och eventuella lokala utmaningar, såsom otrygghet, som styr växtvalen. Dessa förutsättningar skiljer sig från varandra i staden vilket förklarar varför det ofta är olika teman och prioriteringar i olika parker. Hållbar utveckling kan dock ses som en gemensam nämnare mellan parkerna, även om det i vissa fall prioriteras en social hållbarhet och i andra fall en miljömässig hållbarhet, alternativt båda samtidigt. En annan slutsats är att budgeten inte styr växtvalen i särskilt stor utsträckning utan att det mycket är upp till den enskilde landskapsarkitekten att använda växtvalen i utformningen av parken design.
In our strive to reach a sustainable development in the world, and to achieve the sustainable development goals, the work in our cities plays a big role. A big part of this work is grounded in the green spaces of the cities and how these are supposed to be preserved and expanded, in order to increase the offers of ecosystem services in the cities. These green spaces are largely made out of parks. To preserve and comprehend the attributes of the parks it is crucial to know which plants are planted where. Thus aims this work to understand the motives behind the choice of plants in the parks. To be able to answer this, three parks in the city of Stockholm has been closely viewed upon. The selected parks are as follows; Norr mälarstrands parkstråk, Rinkeby norra stadspark and parkleken Vårgården. These parks are spread, from north to south in Stockholm and therefore they are assumed to give a representative image of the different conditions in the city. Besides the motives behind the choices of plants, it has also been studied what responsibility the municipality of Stockholm has and what role the governing documents have when it comes to the choices of plants. These documents has thereby been reviewed and supplemented with three interviews with persons in different positions in the municipality in order to grasp a larger understanding of their work. The most important conclusion that could be drawn from this study is that it is mostly the local conditions and problems, such as insecurity, that determines the choices of plants in the park. These conditions differ within the municipality which explains why there often are different themes and priorities being made in different parks. Sustainable development can, however, be seen as a common aspect, even if it in some parks are prioritised to work for a social sustainability and in some parks for environmental sustainability, or both at the same time. Another conclusion is that the choices of plants is not determined by the budget at hand, to any large extent. It is rather the individual landscape architect that determines which plants are being planted.

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Lombard, Christoffel. "The development of a methodology to evaluate business plans for land reform projects in the Western Cape with special emphasis on LRAD grant supported projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/14635.

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Thesis (MDF)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to evaluate business plans which support governmental grants to emerging farmers in the Winelands area of the Western Cape. The study focuses primarily on two types of emerging farmer groups namely (i) farm equity groups and (ii) individual farmers (less than 10 members per farm). Empowering disadvantaged people is exceedingly complex, therefore it is of paramount importance to compile a detailed and comprehensive business plan based on a proper feasibility study. If a project is not feasible on paper it will rarely succeed in practice. Four LRAD business plans per group were evaluated and have been scored against a contents list, which was compiled from an ideal farm business plan. This was followed up with a questionnaire to evaluate the current situation on the farms and to test the understanding of the business plan and its elements with the beneficiaries. There is a clear distinction in the quality of business plans between the equity scheme land reform models and individual farmer’s business plans. The quality of the equity farmer’s business plan was in most cases around 25 percent better compared to those of the individual farmers. The result of the study shows that there is a direct link between the quality of the business plan and the sustainability of the projects. Lower scored individual farmer projects under review, struggle to stay afloat with a weak cash flow as their main drawback. On the other hand the better scored equity scheme projects are much more sustainable; however more focus needs to be placed on developing the shareholders in the understanding of the financial side and land ownership principals. The author is of the opinion that only feasible projects must receive grant funding and this should be supported by good mentorship policies from government. South Africa can no longer afford “social business plans” in the land reform process; there is a need for sound farm business plans as a very important first step to feasible and sustainable farming ventures. The methodology developed in this study could become a valuable tool for government departments for directly measuring the quality of business plans and thereby indirectly the feasibility of land reform projects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om 'n metodiek te ontwikkel waarmee plaas besigheidsplanne geёalueer kan word vir die aansoek van skenkings (“grant”) fondse vir opkomende boere in die Kaapse Wynlandarea. Die studie fokus hoofsaaklik op twee tipes groepe, naamlik (i) plaas aandele skema groepe en (ii) individuele boere (minder as 10 lede per plaas). Die bemagtiging van opkomende boere is baie kompleks, daarom is dit baie belangrik om 'n gedetailleerde en omvattende besigheidsplan, gegrond op' n behoorlike ondersoek na die haalbaarheid, daar te stel. As 'n projek op papier nie haalbaar is nie, gaan dit nie sommer suksesvol wees in die praktyk nie. Vier LRAD besigheidsplanne per groep is geëvalueer teen 'n inhoudslys wat vanaf ‘n ideale plaas besigheidsplan saamgestel is. Dit is opgevolg met 'n vraelys om die huidige situasie op die plase te evalueer en die begrip van die besigheidsplan en sy elemente te toets. ‘n Duidelike kwaliteits verskil kan gesien word tussen die aandeel skema boere -en individuele boere se besigheidsplanne. Die gehalte van die aandeel skema boere se planne was in die meeste gevalle ongeveer 25 persent beter as dié van die individuele boere. Die studie kan 'n direkte lyn trek tussen die besigheidsplan inligting en die volhoubaarheid van die projekte. Die individuele boere- projekte onder oorsig sukkel om kop bo water te hou met 'n swak kontantvloei as hulle belangrikste nadeel. Aan die ander kant, is die aandeleskema projekte baie meer volhoubaar, maar meer fokus moet geplaas word op die ontwikkeling van die aandeelhouers se begrip van die finansiële kant van die boerdery asook eienaarskap op die plaas. Die tyd het aangebreek dat slegs haalbare projekte befonds moet word en dat die regering hierdie projekte moet ondersteun met goeie mentorskap beleid. Daar is nie meer plek vir "sosiale besigheids planne" in die Suid-Afrikaanse grondhervormingsproses nie. Goeie werkbare plaas besigheidsplanne is nodig as 'n baie belangrike eerste stap om volhoubare boerdery ondernemings daar te stel. Hierdie studie is 'n waardevolle hulpmiddel in die regering se hand vir die evaluering van besigheidsplanne van grondhervormings projekte.

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張鼎國 and Ting-kwok Kenneth Cheung. "Community-School in Shamshuipo: transactionalrelationship between School & Community." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31985683.

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Wagner, Andre. "The impact of an organisational capacity assessment on non-profit organisations in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7706.

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Magister Economicae - MEcon
The research study investigated the potential impact that organisational capacity assessments can have on the long-term sustainability of non-profit organisations (NPOs). The researcher employed longitudinal research design as the main instrument in the collection of data. Data was collected from four local non-profit organisations in the Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit areas of South Africa. These organisations were evaluated by means of a questionnaire, which was developed by the researcher. NPOs can only play a pivotal role in community and social services if management, leadership, governance and other elements of organisational capacity are well developed and continuously strengthened. This is critical for attracting local and international donors who provide crucial running costs and relieve national, provincial and local government departments of the financial burden. Currently, the South African government supports NPOs in South Africa. The legislative and registration aspects of NPOs are regulated by the NPO Act (Act 71 of 1997) and the Income Tax Act (Act 58 of 1962). The State of South African Registered NPOs Report 2010/2011 indicated a growth of the number of registrations to have increased by 8.3%. However, in the same financial year a total number of 468 NPOs were deregistered; 98% of these lost their registration due to non-compliance of regulatory requirements. According to the State of South African Registered NPOs Report (2016) the total number of applications received for the financial year was 16 726 (53.7%), however 4 421 (46%) did not meet the requirements of sections 12-13 of the NPO Act, an issue that would definitely affect the existence of non-compliant institutions.

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Ndwayana, Hamilton Ncedo. "A sustainable development approach in the control of alien invasion vegetation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020803.

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Invasive alien tree species have negative environmental and economic impacts throughout the world. For example, black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) threatens native habitats by competing with and so repressing or excluding indigenous vegetation: in this way it replaces grass communities, reduces biodiversity, and increases water loss from riparian zones, thereby fundamentally damaging the ecosystem. The Acacia mearnsii threat requires urgent attention: effective control and management is urgently required if these deleterious impacts are to be reversed or prevented. The present study was conducted in the Elliot and Ugie communities situated in the Sakhisizwe and Elundini Local Municipalities. The objective of this study was to design integrated, efficient and cost-effective methods to help farmers and members of these communities with control and management of alien plant invasions. Further the study aimed to evaluate the implementation and efficacy of Working for Water (WfW) initiatives in poverty alleviation, and skills development: in addition the study attempted to assess WfW inputs as regards relevant legislation aimed at combating major wattle invasions. Mixed methodological approaches were employed, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Questionnaire surveys, semi-structured interviews, use of photos, content analyses of local documents and experimental field work were all employed in order to collect and interpret data for the study. The study reveals that mechanical control and rehabilitation in combating should provide efficient and cost-effective methods for proper management of rangelands. Moreover the National Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) should be urged to devise and enforce legislation that will help to ensure sustainable control and management of black wattle through conservation of the natural environment. Furthermore funds should be made available for wattle eradication programmes so as alleviate poverty by creating more job opportunities for members of poor communities.

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Muñoz, Flores Juan Carlos. "Turismo y sostenibilidad en espacios naturales protegidos: la Carta Europea del Turismo Sostenible en la Zona Volcánica de la Garrotxa y el Plan de Desarrollo Sostenible en Cabo de Gata-Níjar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7913.

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La tesis se enmarca en la relación entre espacios naturales protegidos, turismo y desarrollo sostenible. Y lo hace desde la óptica de la planificación de las prácticas turísticas, un tema bastante novedoso en nuestro país y que está de plena actualidad. Los objetivos fundamentales de la investigación son los siguientes:
Determinar, de manera genérica y en clave de sostenibilidad, el papel del turismo en los ENP españoles.
Estudiar con detalle dos instrumentos de planificación del turismo en las áreas protegidas españolas: la Carta Europea del Turismo Sostenible en los espacios protegidos y los Planes de Desarrollo Sostenible andaluces derivados de la Ley 2/1989.
Evaluar el alcance de dichos instrumentos en dos territorios concretos: el Parque Natural de la Zona Volcánica de la Garrotxa (Girona) y el Parque Natural Cabo de Gata-Níjar (Almería).
The PhD thesis framework is the connection between protected areas, tourism and sustainable development. The main approach is the Tourism Planning, a quite new and current topic in our country. The research has got the following main aims:
To set the role of tourism in the Spanish protected areas, both in general and under a key of sustainability.
To study in great detail two Tourism Planning tools in the Spanish protected areas: the European Charter for Sustainable Tourism and the Sustainable Development Plans in Andalucía which are a requirement from Law 2/1989.
To avaluate the scope of both tools in two specific territorios: the Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Nature Park (in Girona) and the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Nature Park (in Almería).

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Veselin, Luburić. "Uvođenje novih upravljačkih mjera u zaštićenim područjima sa ciljem unapređenja modela zaštite prirode u Crnoj Gori." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101047&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Potreba za organizovanom zaštitom i upravljanjem zaštićenim područjima prirode javila se krajem XIX vijeka. To koindicira sa konstituisanjem prvog Nacionalnog parka na svijetu, Jelouston, Amerika. Formalno su za nacionalne parkove proglašena područja Durmitora, Lovćena i Biogradske gore 1952. godine. Sljedeće zaštićeno područje, Skadarsko jezero, proglašeno je 1983. dok je najmlađi Nacionalni park Prokletije formiran 2009. godine. Najmlađe zaštićeno područje u Crnoj Gori je Regionalni park Piva. Činjenica da je Crna Gora prva deklarisana ekološka država na svijetu, što je Ustavom definisana kategorija, obavezuje sve subjekte na lokalnom, regionalnom idržavnom nivou da se aktivno uključe u proces organizovanog upravljanja i zaštite područja prirode i da na kompleksan način rade na unapređenju i održivom korišćenju njihovih resursa. Primarna funkcija u svim tim procesima mora biti zaštita prirodnih elemenata, staništa, vrsta i habitata.
The need for an organized protection and management of protected natural areas emerged in the late XIX century. it coincides with the establishment of the first national park in the world, Yellowstone, USA. Areas of Durmitor, Lovcen and Biogradska Gora were formally declared national parks in 1952.Skadar Lake became protected area in1983, while the youngest national park Prokletije was declared in 2009. The youngest protected area in Montenegro is the Regional Park Piva.The fact that according to theConstitution Montenegro was declared the world's first ecological state, obliges all parties at local, regional and state level to actively engage in a process of organized management and protection of natural areas, as well as to work on improvementand sustainable usage of their resources. Primary function in all those processes should be the protection of natural elements, species and habitats.

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Gaudron, Virginie. "Évaluation environnementale et plan local d'urbanisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1020.

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L'évaluation environnementale est un processus contraignant et dédié qui s’inscrit dans une dynamique environnementale affectant le droit local de l’urbanisme depuis plusieurs décennies (de la prise en compte des préoccupations d’environnement à l’intégration de l’environnement au sein des documents d’urbanisme). L’évaluation environnementale constitue un outil d'intégration de l’environnement pour les plans locaux d’urbanisme. De façon complémentaire, l’évaluation environnementale est un vecteur de transformation du plan local d’urbanisme. Elle nourrit d'une valeur ajoutée environnementale ses mécanismes (gouvernance, caractères et contrôle), tout en commandant un renouvellement de sa méthodologie. L’évaluation environnementale porte également transformation de la nature du plan local d’urbanisme, quant à ses sources et ses finalités. Ainsi, la transformation du plan local d’urbanisme évalué exprime le mouvement plus général d'enrichissement des sources d’un droit de l'urbanisme poreux à la thématique environnementale
Environmental assessment is a constraining and dedicated process that falls within an environmental dynamics. This environmental dynamics impacts planning law for several decades, from the insertion of environmental concerns to the integration of environment into local planning. Environmental assessment is a tool for integrating environmental concerns into local planning. Complementarily, environmental assessment is a vector of transformation of local planning that fuels its mechanisms (governance, characteristics, and control) with an environmental added value, while imposing a renewal of its methodology. Environmental assessment also transforms the very nature of local planning, as for its sources and purposes. Thus, the transformation of local planning submitted to environmental assessment expresses the broader movement of enrichment of the sources of planning law, now open to the environment thematic

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Copsey, Scott Laurence. "The development and implementation processes of a travel plan within the context of a large organisation : using an embedded case study approach." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/10331.

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Transport Policy in the United Kingdom from the 1950s to the early 1990s has been focused on increasing car use at the expense of investment in public transport services and infrastructure. This has culminated in a poorly integrated public transport network that has seen continued decline in use outside of London. The Competition Act (1998) has exacerbated this, as public operators risked prosecution if they were seen to collaborate. A policy shift in 1998 introduced the concept of Local Transport Plans, Organisational Travel Plans and Quality Partnerships as local policy tools for developing and implementing travel solutions using the planning process. Travel Plans today are viewed by the UK Government as a local delivery tool for transport policy, inspired by the successes in Europe and the United States in changing individual travel behaviour, where the Smart Growth Agenda has emerged as a mass transit based planning response to urban sprawl. In the UK, success in delivering significant modal shift away from private car use has seen limited success, hence the rationale for this research. Using this wider policy context, this research uses the University of Hertfordshire as a case study with the objective to research the development and implementation processes of a Travel Plan. The research conducts a review of travel behaviour within the case study, providing recommendations for implementing alternative interventions to car-based travel. Making use of national policy tools, using insights from both Smarter Travel / Smarter Choice agenda, the research includes the development process of a complex city wide Quality Partnership – a delivery mechanism for travel behaviour change incorporating multiple stakeholders. This thesis uses an embedded and reflective critical realist approach to researching Travel Plans from the perspective of a Travel Plan Coordinator. Through applying a multi-method dimension to empirical data collection, the use of structured quantitative commuter surveys, semi structured qualitative interviews and supporting secondary data sources are all utilised. Using such an approach provides the research with the flexibility for reporting complex social and empirical data, including the researcher’s embedded reflective insights throughout the process. An evaluative matrix ‘lens’ has been developed for reporting back the multitude of factors, including identifying Critical Success Factors and Key Performance Indicators that underpin the success or failure of such travel planning approaches. The research culminates in the development of a Travel Plan for the University of Hertfordshire and a voluntary Quality Partnership for the City and District of St Albans. A conclusion is drawn based on the unique perspective of an embedded reflective researcher as an active practitioner in the field of travel planning. In order to be successful a Travel Plan should feed into the wider quality partnership structures for mutual benefit where multiple stakeholders are able to influence the development of interventions at the local level, which could lead to significant travel behaviour changes. It is argued that this will ultimately help Travel Plans and quality partnerships achieve their key performance objectives and help meet government policy agenda.

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Wang, Haoran. "Development of Sustainable Polymer Coatings from Plant Oils." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1596420480124218.

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García, Paz Jorge. "Las compras verdes, una práctica sustentable y ecológica: posibilidad de su aplicación en el Perú." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114837.

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Green purchases are part of a strategy for the application of a sustainable country development, considered as ‘a development that satisfies the people’s current necessities without affecting the ability of future generations to satisfy their own’. (Brundtland Report 1987). In the same way, it is part of a strategy to fight the effects of the weather changes or greenhouse that affect our planet and as a consequence the humanity.The green or ecological purchases are simple practices in the developing countries, in most cases in the European countries, but they are not known in Latin American countries. Just Costa Rica is supporting this practice with public institutions, for that reason they will get considerable benefits in its process.The Peruvian government is conformed by more than two thousand public entities, they are formed as national and regional government entities, town halls, decentralized offices, entities in the scope of FONAFE, business treatment and charitable work. These entities programmed purchases in the year 2008 approximately 58.234 million soles. However, just a few of the purchases had an ecological purpose.The following article has the objective to show the benefits of the green or ecological purchases, and the experience in developed countries to decide its application in Peru. In this way, this study pretends to join a number of experiences of countries in their green purchases and so it is divided in four parts. The first part referrs to the framework of the green purchases and it refers to the different concepts that explain those factors that push the United States to apply this strategy. The second part is about the international experience with the best practices. The third part shows the possibility of the green purchases in the country, and in the fourth part conclusions are presented.
Las compras verdes se convierten en parte de una estrategia para la aplicación del desarrollo sostenible en un país, entendido este como el «desarrollo que satisface a las necesidades actuales de las personas sin comprometer la capacidad de las futuras generaciones para satisfacer las suyas» (Informe Brundtland, 1987). Así, también, es parte de una estrategia que trata de contribuir a combatir los efectos del cambio climático e invernadero que ponen en peligro la existencia de nuestro planeta y, por lo tanto, también de la humanidad.Las compras verdes o ecológicas son prácticas comunes en los países desarrollados, sobre todo europeos; sin embargo, son muy poco conocidas en los países de América Latina. Solo Costa Rica está promocionando esta práctica en sus instituciones públicas y ha obtenido considerables beneficios en su implementación.El Estado peruano está compuesto por más de 2 mil entidades públicas contratantes, las cuales están agrupadas en entidades de gobierno nacional y regional, municipalidades, instancias descentralizadas, entidades bajo el ámbito del FONAFE (Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento de la Actividad Empresarial del Estado), de tratamiento empresarial y sociedades de beneficencia. Estas entidades programaron compras en el año 2008 por la cantidad de 58.234 millones de nuevos soles. Sin embargo, muy pocas de dichas compras tuvieron un criterio ecológico en su proceso de selección.El presente artículo tiene por objetivo mostrar las bondades de las compras verdes o ecológicas y la experiencia en países desarrollados, y plantear su aplicación en nuestro país. Así, este trabajo trata de recopilar una serie de experiencias de países en sus compras verdes y se divide en cuatro partes. La primera parte se refiere al marco conceptual de las compras verdes y abarca, principalmente, los diversos conceptos que explican los factores que impulsan a los Estados a implementar dicha estrategia. La segunda parte presenta la experiencia internacional en la que se describen las mejores prácticas. La tercera parte analiza la posibilidad de la aplicación de las compras verdes en el país y, en la cuarta parte, se presentan las conclusiones del artículo

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Yngve, Anna-Lena. "Sustainable Dublin : a critical assessment of the Dublin City Development Plan from a sustainable development aspect." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Human Geography and Ethnology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-364.

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In this thesis the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 has been critically assessed in order to establish how well sustainability aspects have been considered. For this purpose, policy documents of sustainable development at international, national, regional, and local levels have been studied in order to compare their objectives with the objectives set out in the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011. It was found that the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 contains serious, highly positive intentions regarding sustainable development. The Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 has shown that it understands the importance of sustainability and it is in agreement with the policy objectives set out by the policy documents at international, national, regional, and local level. However, it was concluded that the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 is not delving into the subject deep enough. Specificplans, strategies and targets for how to reach sustainable development are for the most part missing. In conclusion, the thesis has provided recommendations for the next version of the Dublin City Development Plan.

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Sgoda, Cleverson. "Arquitetura de bibliotecas universitárias: diretrizes de projeto para edifícios mais sustentáveis." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1845.

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O conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável tem sido discutido nos setores da sociedade, buscando uma visão abrangente e integrada das melhorias e soluções para os crescentes problemas ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Como resultado, profissionais envolvidos com projetos de instituições de ensino superior vêm discutindo a inserção de práticas que minimizem os impactos gerados por suas construções de bibliotecas, principalmente quando é necessário estabelecer uma relação entre o edifício, a saúde dos ocupantes e a qualidade das atividades desempenhadas. Nesse sentido os sistemas de avaliação ambiental vêm sendo difundidos no Brasil, e por meio desses procura-se a conscientização quanto aos impactos ambientais gerados pelos edifícios durante as fases de planejamento, construção e operação. No entanto, o que incorporar como práticas que visem à sustentabilidade em projetos de bibliotecas universitárias? Para responder a esse questionamento, este trabalho utilizou-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica para o levantamento dos conceitos considerados inerentes ao tema, assim como análise de projetos dentro da área em questão com princípios de sustentabilidade. Igualmente, foram estudados os critérios atuais presentes nos sistemas de avaliação ambiental, dentre os quais foram aprofundados o LEED, o AQUA - HQE e o PBE - Edifica. Através dessa análise, foram identificados os parâmetros utilizados de maneira que auxiliassem na proposição de diretrizes e, por meio de questionário aplicado aos usuários das bibliotecas da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), buscou-se um aprofundamento das questões que implicam a qualidade desses espaços, verificando a incorporação de critérios, bem como as variáveis que fazem parte do processo de projeto. Finalmente, através dos conceitos apresentados ao longo do trabalho e do estudo das condicionantes, chegou-se à proposição das diretrizes, as quais visam orientar os arquitetos a incorporar os conceitos de sustentabilidade no planejamento e projetos de arquiteturas de bibliotecas universitárias.
The concept of sustainable development has been widely discussed in many sectors of society, aiming an integrated and comprehensive vision of improvements and solutions for the growing environmental, social and economic problems. As a result, professionals, working with projects in higher education institutions, have been discussing the inclusion of practices that minimize the impact caused by the construction of their own libraries, especially when it is necessary to establish a connection between the edification, the occupant health and the quality of performed activities. In this regard, the environmental assessment systems have been widespread in Brazil and through those we seek to raise awareness related to the environmental impact made by the buildings during the stages of planning, construction and operation. However, what incorporate as practices aimed at sustainability in university libraries Projects? To answer this, it was made a literature review to find the concepts inherent to the university libraries theme, as well as was analyzed projects within the area in question with greater sustainability features. Also, the current sustainability criteria presented in the evaluation systems were analyzed, among which were detailed LEED, AQUA-HQE and PBE-Edifica. Through this analysis we identified the parameters used in a way to assist in a proposition of sustainability guidelines and using a survey applied to the library users of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), we sought a deepening of the issues that imply the quality of these spaces by checking the incorporation of sustainability criteria as well as the variables that are part of the project process. Ultimately, through the ideas presented throughout the work, along with the study of conditions, we came to the proposition of guidelines for incorporating sustainability concepts in planning and architecture projects of university libraries.

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Ho, Chi-kin. "Speed of plan making for sustainable development : determinants and implications /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38289428.

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Forbes, Stephen. "Sustainable development extension plan (SUDEX) community mobilization through proactive particpation and synergistic alliance to alleviate poverty and achieve sustainable self sufficiency /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Khorombi, Mbodi. "Towards a sustainable land-use plan for the Lake Fundudzi catchment area." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac/thesis/available/etd-12192007-153443.

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Ho, Chi-kin, and 何志堅. "Speed of plan making for sustainable development: determinants and implications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38988926.

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Olivier, Elsabeth. "An approach to sustainable development in Ekurhuleni : the role of sustainable management tools / Elsabeth Olivier." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/55.

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South Africa is a signatory to the Rio Earth Summit Agenda 21 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development's, Johannesburg Plan of lmplernentation. These documents are the definitive guidelines towards sustainable development. As a local authority within South Africa, Ekurhuleni is therefore obliged to implement these sustainability principles as highlighted in Chapter 28 of Agenda 21, namely Local Agenda 21. Various tools are available to implement the Local Agenda 21 principles. The Municipal Systems Act, 32 of 2000, prescribes the compilation of an lntegrated Development Plan for all local authorities, part of this is a Performance Management System that measure performance in terms of specified indicators. Another management tool is the State of the Environment Report, which in turn identifies indicators in terms of which environmentally sustainable development can be measured. The Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality's lntegrated Development Plan have been compared with the objectives set out in Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of lmplementation, to assess whether this document can be used as the Ekurhuleni Local Agenda 21 Strategy. It was found that the requirements for an lntegrated Development Plan are very similar to the requirements for a Local Agenda 21. The Ekurhuleni lntegrated Development Plan to a great extent complies with the Agenda 21 and Johannesburg Plan of lmplementation. In terms of sustainable development, the economic and social aspects, receive substantial attention, however the biophysical environmental aspect of sustainable development is not sufficiently integrated into all aspects of the lntegrated Development Plan. Neither are the target dates as specified in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation highlighted in the lntegrated Development Plan. By integrating the biophysical environmental aspects into the Ekurhuleni lntegrated Development Plan and setting target dates in line with the Johannesburg Plan of lmplernentation great strides will be made towards achieving sustainable development. If the further step is taken to combine the sustainability indictors as identified in the state of the Environment Report with the Performance Management System, the Ekurhuleni lntegrated Development Plan with its Performance Management System, can be accepted as the Ekurhuleni Local Agenda 21 Strategy.
Thesis (M. Omgewingsbestuur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004

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Oikawa, Junko. "Future role of living plant collections in gardens for biodiversity conservation." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314314.

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Salequzzaman, Md. "Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh? /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040428.151218.

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de, Harder Charlotte J. H. B. "Polylateralism in Sustainable Development Diplomacy : A Case Study of the Embassy of the Netherlands and the Manila Bay Sustainable Development Master Plan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397371.

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The rise of global challenges, such as climate change, is pushing global governance to evolve. In result thereof, the traditionally state-centric diplomatic sphere is experiencing an increasing number of non-state actors entering the arena. Geoffrey Wiseman (1999) describes this phenomenon as the shift from traditionally bilateral and multilateral diplomacy to polylateral diplomacy. This study looks at how non-state actors can be fitted in frontline diplomacy in relation to sustainable development. By means of a qualitative, inductive case study of the Dutch embassy in the Philippines, it looks at how state actors perceive this non-state actor inclusion by means of data triangulation: a document analysis, semi-structured interviews and participant-observation. In particular, it zooms in on a specific example of multi-stakeholder partnership, which Sustainable Development Goals 17.16 and 17.17 hail as a tool for sustainability: the Manila Bay Sustainable Development Master Plan. Through the theoretical lenses of collaborative governance and the function-sensitive approach, this thesis concludes that the functions non-state actors can fulfil in the diplomatic activities of global governance vary depending on the three contingencies of time, trust and interdependence.

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Lunnbäck, Oscar. "Integration of sustainable development in urban development : A comparison of Linköping and Norrköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129762.

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Activities in and connected to cities are responsible for around 70 % of the global CO2 emissions and as the urbanization to cities are likely to increase in forthcoming future, actions to handle this situation are of vital importance. Through the integration of sustainable development in cities’ urban development, this have large potential to improve social, economic and ecological aspects in the cities. Besides being the places where most of the global consumption and emissions come from, it’s in these specific places where essential effects can be reached. There’re, however, difficulties with this, due to that it requires participation and responsibility from all stakeholders in the city. Different cities have different capabilities and conditions to work with sustainable development, which is why this study examine the two cities of Linköping and Norrköping. The study is based on interviews with actors that are closely connected to the urban development in the both cities. The results shows that the cities have different historical background and city structure, causing them to work a bit differently. Furthermore, the result also indicate that the largest challenges are how to handle the transportation issue, conflicts of interests as well as cooperation between different stakeholders.

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Meng, Tianyu. "Study on Plant Load Factor of Wind Power CDM Projects." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204402.

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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), is a market-based mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol. It allows developed countries to implement emission reduction projects in developing countries, to assist their sustainable development; meanwhile, developed countries gain credits which could be used to meet part of their emission reduction targets under this protocol. There is a wide range of various types of CDM projects, among which, wind power projects account for the largest share. Additionality is a key component for CDM projects’ eligibility and to ensure CDM’s environmental integrity. It means that the emission reduction after the implementation of the project is additional to any that would have occurred in the absence of the certified CDM project. For wind CDM projects, the controversy on additionality raised debate and attention internationally, especially the concern if project developers deliberately underestimated Plant Load Factor (PLF) so as to meet the CDM additionality criterion. At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) CDM Executive Board 63rd meeting, the UNFCCC Secretariat and the Registration and Issuance Team (RIT) proposed different decisions regarding a request forissuance of a Wind CDM project due to different views on the estimated PLF. The Board discussed the issue andrequested a study on the PLF variations, which is the origin, and also a partial content of this thesis.In this thesis, relevant parameters are firstly defined – parameters such as Estimated PLF, Actual PLF, etc, and to better illustrate the magnitude of the PLF variation, the concept of Relative Variation of PLF is adopted, which is measured as the absolute difference of Estimated PLF and Actual PLF compared with Estimated PLF. Then a database in spreadsheet with all defined parameters of sampled projects is set up on the basis of collected information and calculation. Afterwards an investigation of PLFs and comparison analyses of Estimated PLFs and Actual PFLs is conducted. Considering there are two groups of Wind CDM projects, i.e. small-scale and large-scale; and considering the distributions of projects’ hosting countries, the comparison analyses are then conducted firstly for all projects, and then separated for small-scale and large-scale projects, and lastly separated for projects based on different hosting countries. The final results show that a minority of projects have underestimated PLFs, and a very small proportion of projects, either in all projects, or on different scales or in different hosting countries have underestimated PLFs to a level that is out of acceptable range. Therefore, thestudy concludes that there should be no concern on the PLF issue in Wind CDM projects.

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Ochaeta, Paz Karen. "Energy security and sustainable development implications for Guatemala of the Electricity Generation Expansion Plan 2014-2028." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-232768.

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Electricity consumption in Guatemala has been steadily increasing during the recent years, challenging the generation sector to keep up with the pace of electricity demand in the long term. To tackle this problem, the government of Guatemala has delineated the Electricity Generation Expansion Plan for the period 2014-2028, proposing several hypothetical future scenarios of the energy mix for electricity production. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate how the fulfillment of this plan would influence energy security and sustainable development prospects in the country. Following an assessment framework that allows a systematic evaluation of the system, indicators that reflect potential vulnerabilities and sustainability concerns are applied to the scenarios. The results show that energy security in the electricity sector could increase as a consequence of the capacity expansion and transformation of the energy mix to rely more on indigenous sources, taking into consideration scenarios with a more diversified portfolio that include the expansion of biomass and geothermal capacity to compensate for the vulnerability of hydroelectricity to weather events. The prospects for sustainable development in the country can be supported by the provision of secure electricity supply that takes into account efficiency and mitigation measures in the exploitation of natural resources, as well as social impact assessments to ensure that the plan will not affect the livelihood of vulnerable groups and has the possibility to contribute to increase equity in electricity access.

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Schutte, Ignatius Christian. "A strategic management plan for the sustainable development of geotourism in South Africa." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2252.

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South Africa has some of the world's most representative and well-studied, quite spectacular examples of geological phenomena. These examples span almost the entire range of Earth's history and yet, so far, they have received little recognition. The geological wonders of the country have not been presented to the public and the tourism industry because the marketing of the country is, to a great extent, focussed on wild life's "Big Five". Conservation is nevertheless critical to protect these geological treasures that have the potential to draw millions of tourists annually, from home and abroad. Internationally, the appreciation for geological and mining heritage has advanced much further since the 19th century than it has in South Africa. World famous nature, and National, Parks in the USA include Yellowstone, the Grand Canyon, Wind Cave and the Hawaii Volcanic Park and these are entirely nature-based tourism destinations. Geotourism, a new concept coined in Digne-les-Bains, France, in 1991 is used for educational, environmental and social-economic purposes to make geology more accessible to the public in Europe and in China where geoparks have been created. Geotourism consists of geology, mineralogy, palaeontology, geosites, operating and defunct mines, caves, and collections of geological specimens in museums. Some geosites have been declared World Heritage Sites because of their universal value. In South Africa World Heritage Sites with natural properties that have been declared are: 1. The Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park (iSimangaliso) (1999) 2. Cape Floral Protected Region Areas (2004) (a serial site) 3. The Vredefort Dome (2005). This area is in essence ecotourism with an additional 'sub'-theme (mining and industrial). It is to a certain extend part ecotourism which is ecologically sustainable tourism that has an added focus on natural areas. To seek the best use of these resources, a study was undertaken to develop a strategic management plan for the sustainable development of geotourism in South Africa. The study was necessary to plan for the sustainable development of geotourism in South Africa. The method of research consisted of a literature study, an analysis of geotourism practices oversees, field visits and discussions with various stakeholders in the case study areas, an evaluation of theoretical and field observations, and the proposed implementation of the findings. The focus of the study centred on the management process of planning, development, management, marketing and the implementation thereof, as far as geotourism was concerned. Seven research objectives were formulated focussed on: 1) The theoretical foundations of sustainability and their applicability to geotourism, 2) Evaluation of international concepts and guidelines for geotourism and geoconservation, 3) Evaluation of the development of geotourism, site and visitor management and how the various approaches and tools for the management of geotourism could be applied, and 4) Criteria for the implementation of a strategic management plan for geotourism in South Africa. The sustainable tourism management plan of Gebhard, Meyer and Roth (2007(b): 1-66) was used as a basis to develop a geotourism management plan. Aspects that were considered in the formulation of the strategic plan included why geotourism management plans should be developed, the procedure for plan development, guidance on stakeholder involvement, review and monitoring, and a detailed template for the compilation of a geotourism management plan in protected areas. Based on the literature and Internet research, conclusions were drawn. Visits to European International conferences, geosites and geoparks visited laid the foundation for this study when an examination of existing geotourism projects was made. Subsequently, six case studies were undertaken to get an overview of current geotourism practise in the country. The studies were completed at: 1. Kruger National Park (KNP) 2. Pilgrim's Rest 3. Kromdraai Visitor Mine 4. The diamond industry of Kimberley 5. The Cradle of Humankind (COH), and Geoscience Museum, Pretoria. The geosites project in the KNP served as a very practical example of how geotourism could be applied in the future. The contributions made by this study were: 1. The strategic plan that was developed could serve as basis for development of geotourism in South Africa 2. The guidelines developed by this research could be considered a useful tool in measuring and achieving sustainability 3. The results of the thesis could assist entrepreneurs/developers in the establishment of future geosites, geo-areas and geoparks 4. The study made a significant contribution in the expansion of literature in the area of geotourism 5. This was the first study of this kind in South Africa 6. One of the case studies of the thesis formed the base for three presentations at two international conferences and for a further one at a geotourism workshop in South Africa, and 7. One of the case studies of the thesis also formed the basis of three international conference papers. The main findings from the case studies were: 1. There exists little or no knowledge of geotourism as a product, and it seeks to explain the beauty of the origins of the Earth (Coenraads and Koivula, 2007) 2. There was neither a policy nor strategic geotourism development plan 3. Little planning, management and marketing have been done. The Cradle of Humankind (COH) is an exception as extensive research was done from 1997 before the application for a World Heritage Site was submitted. Currently, it is an excellent visitor destination 4. Very little financial support has been received either from the Government, local municipalities, or mining/financial companies 5. Under-funding was a problem for all the case studies 6. No geoconservation legislation exists, and 7. Protection was provided to four of the case studies because they were located in protected areas. Two of the cases were located in an area or building that themselves were protected because of specific visiting hours.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

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Momanyi, Joan. "Zero emissions, zero poverty in Kenya: a review of whether Lamu Coal Power Plant promotes a pro-poor low carbon development pathway." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25055.

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"Zero emissions, zero poverty" has become an ambitious target to fight climate change and reduce poverty at the same time. In Kenya, eradication of extreme poverty through economic growth is one of the aims to be achieved by the Government of Kenya by 2030. Historically, economic growth has been directly linked to increased emissions. Poverty eradication through economic growth is proving to be challenging due to the fact that both developed and developing countries are expected to mitigate climate change through emissions reduction. Despite the challenge, Kenya has prioritised low carbon development as a means to eradicate poverty and mitigate climate change. "Clean coal" is one of the low carbon developments that the country has proposed. This study investigates how "clean coal" can assist Kenya to remain low carbon and develop properly. The analysis of the literature and qualitative data consists of three parts: the first analysis establishes the relationship between emissions and poverty in Kenya. The second part of the analysis assesses the literature on cost, environmental, social and economic consequences of clean coal as a low carbon development. The third component analyses the discourse of the actors involved in the decision-making process to understand the controversy for and against clean coal in Kenya. The study finds that there is possibly a link between poverty and emissions in Kenya and that improved socio-economic development results in increased emissions. The study also suggested that efforts to develop may be hindered by the increasing rate of inequality. The discourse analysis highlighted that Lamu Coal Power Plant may lead to economic development through employment and economic growth.; which comes at a high cost on environmental degradation (increased emissions and pollution) and increased deprivations (negatively impacted livelihood, health deterioration and displacement) that are likely to result in increasing poverty.

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Rodrigues, Maria Ivoneide Vital. "AnÃlise do plano de desenvolvimento sustentÃvel do estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3597.

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nÃo hÃ
O desenvolvimento socialmente sustentÃvel comeÃou a fazer parte dos programas governamentais cearenses quando, em 1995, o governo do Estado do CearÃ elaborou e implementou seu Plano de Desenvolvimento SustentÃvel (PDS) que tinha como objetivo a melhoria na qualidade de vida com uma visÃo prospectiva para o ano 2020. Para alcanÃÃ-lo, contemplou os seguintes vetores que reuniria programas estruturantes direcionados ao alcance do desenvolvimento sustentÃvel: proteÃÃo ao meio ambiente; reordenamento do espaÃo; capacitaÃÃo da populaÃÃo; geraÃÃo de emprego e desenvolvimento sustentÃvel da economia; desenvolvimento cultural, cientÃfico, tÃcnico e inovador; e melhoria da gestÃo pÃblica. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa propÃe uma anÃlise, apÃs 14 anos da criaÃÃo do PDS. Para tanto, foram construÃdas, para os cento e oitenta e quatro municÃpios cearenses, matrizes de indicadores englobando quatro vetores: proteÃÃo ao meio ambiente; reordenamento do espaÃo; capacitaÃÃo da populaÃÃo; e geraÃÃo de emprego e desenvolvimento sustentÃvel da economia. Para uma melhor anÃlise, cada grupo de indicadores foi submetido Ã anÃlise fatorial e foram construÃdos quatro Ãndices parciais de acordo com o vetor selecionado. Logo apÃs, utilizou-se a anÃlise de agrupamento para dividir os municÃpios em cinco classes: muito bom, bom, mÃdio, ruim e muito ruim conforme as suas caracterÃsticas semelhantes. O Ãndice de Desenvolvimento SustentÃvel foi estabelecido por meio da mÃdia aritmÃtica entre os quatro Ãndices parciais outrora calculados. O municÃpio de Fortaleza e MaracanaÃ foram considerados os municÃpios mais desenvolvidos e com os maiores Ãndices na urbanizaÃÃo, saneamento bÃsico, educaÃÃo, acessos a transportes e serviÃos, industrializaÃÃo e maiores valores no produto interno bruto per capita. Constatou-se, tambÃm, que 84,24% dos municÃpios classificaram-se nos nÃveis mÃdio, ruim e muito ruim, verificando a necessidade da revisÃo ou implantaÃÃo de novos programas que ofertem serviÃos nas Ãreas de meio ambiente, educaÃÃo, saÃde, habitaÃÃo e nas condiÃÃes de geraÃÃo de emprego e renda para a populaÃÃo e, consequentemente, consigam melhorar seus Ãndices de desenvolvimento
Social sustainable development started taking part of the governmental programs of Ceara state since the state government, in 1995, elaborated and implemented its Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS), which aimed at the enhancement of the population life quality for the year of 2020. In order to fulfill it, the government gathered the following programs branches toward the accomplishment of the sustainable development: protection of the environment; relocation of public area; improvement of the population proficiency; creation of jobs and cultural, scientific and technical development; sustainable development of the economics; and enhancement of public management. Considering all of that, this research aims at analyzing the SDS after 14 years since its creation. For that, indicating matrices, for the one hundred and eighty four counties from Ceara state have been developed, which comprises four vectors: environmental protection; relocation of public space; improvement of the population proficiency; and creation of jobs, as well as sustainable development of the economics. For better results, each indicating group was submitted to factorial analysis, being also developed four partial indexes, according to each one of the vectors. Right after that, grouping analysis was used to divide the counties into five classes: very good, good, fair, undesirable, and very undesirable according to their comparable characteristics. The sustainable development index was established throughout the averages taken from the four partial indexes mentioned above. Fortaleza and MaracanaÃ counties qualified as the most developed, while presenting the highest urban index, basic sanitation, education, access to public transportation and services, industrialization as well as the highest gross income per capita. It may be concluded, also, that 84,24% of the counties qualified as fair, undesirable and very undesirable, urging the adjustment or implementation of brand new programs concerning the environment, education, public health, home, and creation of jobs and income sources improving, thus, the developmental indexes

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Shrestha, Amit. "Optimal Strategic Plan for Sustainable Urban Transport System in Kathmandu City Centre : Using Decision Support Systems." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176159.

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There are many factors associated with an urban environment that enrich or diminish the experience of the environment. These factors have a significant influence on how an urban morphology is appraised within the social, economical, and environmental framework. One of such factors is the urban transport system that represents the mobility of the people and accessibility to public services. This thesis is an assessment of a current transport system in Kathmandu city centre in comparison to Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project (KSUTP) promoted by Ministry of Physical Planning and Works in cooperation from Asian Development Bank (ADB). The study aims to find the optimal strategic alternative between the current system and KSUTP. The focus area is the historic city centre, because of its cultural, historical, architectural, and aesthetical significance. Two methods are used for two different purposes; first to measure people’s appraisal and second, to evaluate action alternatives. Measurement of Experience in Environment from Results of Core affect Investigation (MEERCI) is used to measure people’s appraisal and experience of the urban characters of Kathmandu city centre. The results from this survey will provide a background on people’s assessment of the city environs, and collected data from field work will be used in Generic Multi-Attribute Analysis (GMAA) model to determine the best strategic plan for developing sustainable urban transport system for Kathmandu city centre. The hard facts and figures are collected from authorities, ministries, and previous researches, which is then entered into the model to evaluate the optimal alternative. It is concluded that improvements in the current transport system in Kathmandu city centre, with the implementation of KSUTP, will result in better environment for the local population, local economy, public services, and transport facilities. In short, the quality of life will be enhanced with an upgrade in the urban transport system.

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Kristjónsdóttir, Marta Karen. "Shaping the Climate Action trajectory within the Fashion Industry : a case study of a Small Medium Sized Enterprise." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388637.

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The apparel and footwear industry’s contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the fifth largest per industry, equal to that of livestock, after electricity and heat, oil and gas, agriculture, and transportation (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). For industry-wide emissions reduction, investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency programs across highest impacting life cycle phases offer the most effective solution. However, identifying the highest impacting life cycles phases shows varied results depending on the particular type of business model under examination. This paper responds to the lack of existing data and empirical research on how to accurately measure, report and reduce carbon emissions across the highly complex and globally interconnected apparel value chain. This is done through a single case study investigation of an Icelandic fashion brand. A hybrid approach of a standard Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Sustainable Global Value Chain (SGVC) functions to produce a Hotspot Identification Tool (HIT) to establish a holistic portrayal of business operations in relation to emission impacts and level of controllability across Scopes. The conceptual analysis and qualitative results identify the most relevant emission hotspots to lie within the company’s privately owned manufacturing facilities, as well as the procurement phase, due to its direct connection with and influence on material production, user phase, and end-of-life. The main obstacle in this pursuit is identified as restriction of resources in terms of time, capital and expertise. It is suggested that this be overcome by joining a Multi-Stakeholder Initiative where resources and expertise is pooled in a pre-competitive manner to reach common objectives. The investigation further suggests a need for global fashion brands to leverage their influential position on down- and upstream activities across the value chain, i.e. with their supply chain partners and consumers. I argue that fashion brands play an integral role in supporting local efforts to build a decarbonisation pathway towards climate neutral economies on a global scale.

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Hameedi, Ayoub. "Addressing the Electricity Shortfall in Pakistan through Renewable resources." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-188697.

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This report focuses on addressing the electricity shortfall in Pakistan with the help of renewable resources. At present, the country is facing a shortfall of almost 7,000 megawatts (MW) which is affecting every walk of life and causing almost 1.5 to 2% GDP loss on annual basis. Previous research done on this subject reveals that electricity demand has always remained high then the total generation capacity of Pakistan. Similarly, it has been pointed out that the country is not taking maximum benefit from its available hydro, solar and wind resources. This leads us to the basic purpose of this research which is to have an exploratory understanding of the strategies adopted by India, China, Brazil and Spain for electricity generation in a green fashion and how can these strategies be implemented in Pakistan. Case study has been adopted as methodology for this purpose. This research work also discusses the factors contributing in the lack of promotion of renewable energy resources in Pakistan and provide detailed analyses of positive changes these projects can bring in lives of masses in Pakistan. The sustainable management of surface water resource in the country has been discussed in particular as the country faced worst floods in its history during years 2010 & 2011. It will result in enhancing the surface water storage ability of Pakistan which will significantly reduce our dependence on underground water reserves and will directly increase our electricity generation capacity through hydro dams. Similarly, sustainable forest management has been discussed at length as it will not only ensure environmental sustainability but will also result in increase availability of biomass. Not to mention the fact that wood biomass is much cheaper then conventional source of electricity generation provided it is obtained through sustainable forest management. Finally, if all the green strategies discussed in this research work will be implemented, it will increase the overall electricity generation capacity of Pakistan up to 9% respectively.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sustainable Development Plans'

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