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Journal articles on the topic 'Sustainable livelihoods approaches'
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Moriarty, Patrick. "Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches: an explanation." Waterlines 20, no. 3 (January 2002): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2002.002.
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Laeis, Gabriel C. M., and Stefanie Lemke. "Social entrepreneurship in tourism: applying sustainable livelihoods approaches." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 6 (June 13, 2016): 1076–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2014-0235.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) enables an analysis of the complex interrelations and interdependencies between social entrepreneurs (SEs), destination communities’ livelihood assets and related transforming structures and processes. SEs in tourism are regarded as drivers for linking destination communities with enterprises, aiming to create economic benefits and livelihoods. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered through participatory action research at a tourism lodge and its foundation, which facilitated agricultural training, and by conducting in-depth interviews with ten key stakeholders. The sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) served as the theoretical framework. Findings The SLA enables an analysis of interrelations and interdependencies between various stakeholders and to visualise the way SEs forge the impacts tourism has on livelihoods. The agricultural project did not reach its full potential because of, amongst other factors, competing aims between the profit and non-profit business, resulting in the lack of a clear vision and strategy. Additional challenges were dependency on external funding and a lack of reciprocal communication between the stakeholders involved. Research limitations/implications This research is based on one case study, and findings cannot be generalised. Future studies should develop the SLF further, possibly through adaptation and integration of other tools. Practical implications The SLF enables researchers to integrate local knowledge and participatory research methods, thus facilitating engagement and learning between different stakeholders. Originality/value Through empirical research, this paper adds valuable insights into the applicability of the SLF in the context of social entrepreneurship in tourism.
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Barney, I. "Business, community development and sustainable livelihoods approaches." Community Development Journal 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/38.3.255.
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Mabon, Leslie, Song Tung Nguyen, Thi Tram Pham, Thi Tuyet Tran, Hong Ngoc Le, Thi Thu Huong Doan, Thi Ngoc Ha Hoang, Natascha Mueller-Hirth, and Stephen Vertigans. "Elaborating a people-centered approach to understanding sustainable livelihoods under climate and environmental change: Thang Binh District, Quang Nam Province, Vietnam." Sustainability Science 16, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00861-3.
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AbstractThis paper explores the maintenance of livelihoods under climate, environmental, and economic development pressures, through the case of Thang Binh District in Quang Nam Province, Vietnam. Within widespread recognition of the need to link sustainable livelihoods approaches with climate change adaptation, there is growing awareness of the importance of people-centered approaches which keep the diverse experience, capabilities, and knowledges of the most vulnerable at the heart of sustainable livelihoods thinking. In response, this paper explores the conditions for changes in modes of livelihoods in a case study area where top-down strategies for sustainable livelihoods are met with residents’ diverse experiences of vulnerability, and where climate and environmental changes shape residents’ relations with the landscape. The research is undertaken via interviews with residents, farmers/fishers, and local government officials. Our study finds that whilst government-led initiatives for sustainable livelihoods are welcomed in the locality, inflexible policies can make it challenging for the most vulnerable people to access support. Moreover, residents see the capacity to live with and respond to extreme weather events as a critical component of maintaining a sustainable livelihood. Our findings reinforce international literature, showing that ‘the poor’ are not a homogenous category, and illustrate the importance of attention to the smallest levels of government who are tasked with putting sustainable livelihoods initiatives into practice in relation to people’s daily lives.
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Gilling, Jim, Stephen Jones, and Alex Duncan. "Sector Approaches, Sustainable Livelihoods and Rural Poverty Reduction." Development Policy Review 19, no. 3 (September 2001): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7679.00136.
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Brocklesby, M. A., and E. Fisher. "Community development in sustainable livelihoods approaches - an introduction." Community Development Journal 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/38.3.185.
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Clay, Nathan. "Integrating livelihoods approaches with research on development and climate change adaptation." Progress in Development Studies 18, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993417735923.
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This article advances theory and methods for integrating sustainable livelihoods approaches (SLAs) with assessments of adaptive capacity to climate change. The livelihoods concept has been inconsistently applied in research on human dimensions of global environmental change, resulting in limited understanding about how development programmes and policies influence adaptive capacity. Encouraging reflection on the conceptual and methodological overlaps of livelihoods and adaptation, I suggest a process-oriented approach to adaptation that centres on how adaptive capacity is unevenly shaped. Livelihoods analytical frameworks can help visualize complex adaptation pathways, illuminating how households and individuals come to differ in their capacities to adapt to climate change.
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Nhamo, Luxon, Bekithemba Ndlela, Sylvester Mpandeli, and Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi. "The Water-Energy-Food Nexus as an Adaptation Strategy for Achieving Sustainable Livelihoods at a Local Level." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 8582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208582.
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The imbalance between resource availability and population increase requires transformative approaches to inform policy, decision-making and practice on coherent adaptation strategies for improved livelihoods and resilient communities. Nexus approaches are built on an understanding that natural processes do not operate in isolation within a system; hence, an emergent challenge in one unit obviously disturbs the whole system. This study applied an integrated water-energy-food (WEF) nexus analytical model to holistically assess resource availability, distribution, use and management at a local level in Sakhisizwe Local Municipality, South Africa. The aim was to inform strategies and guidelines on improving livelihoods of resource-poor rural communities. The calculated municipal composite index of 0.185, coupled with a deformed spider graph, represents a marginally sustainable resource management result. The analysis simplified the relationship between the intricately interlinked socio-ecological components and facilitated the identification of priority areas for intervention. The process provides pathways that steer resource use efficiencies and attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unlike current linear approaches, integrated and transformative approaches like the WEF nexus provide a multidisciplinary platform for stakeholder engagement to sustainably enhance cross-sectoral coordination of resource management and harmonisation of policies and strategies. The WEF nexus approach is useful for informing decisions on improving livelihoods, enhancing resource securities, identifying priority areas for intervention and providing transformative pathways towards sustainable development.
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Arce, A. "Value contestations in development interventions: Community development and sustainable livelihoods approaches." Community Development Journal 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/38.3.199.
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Toner, Anna. "Exploring sustainable livelihoods approaches in relation to two interventions in Tanzania." Journal of International Development 15, no. 6 (2003): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1030.
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Khosla, Ashok. "Sustainable livelihoods: The central issue of human security and sustainable development." Social Change 31, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570103100214.
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The central issue of sustainable national development is the creation of sustainable livelihoods. Some IS million jobs have to be created every year to close the un-employment gap in India by the year 2015. Conventional industrialisation is important to maintain competitiveness in a globalising economy but it can hardly create one or two million jobs a year. Employment in agriculture is also reaching a plateau. Thus 10 million additional jobs will have to be created, off-farm and outside conventional industry, every year. Only mini and micro industries are capable of creating this many jobs. To create these jobs without further destroying the environment or the resource base, and in the process generating the goods and services needed by local people, totally new types of jobs of technology and different types of enterprises will be needed from those that exist today. Developing these will, in turn, need new approaches to the innovation and delivery. This paper describes the role of the independent sector in creating large number of Sustainable Livelihoods.
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Karki, Sabin. "Sustainable Livelihood Framework: Monitoring and Evaluation." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v8i1.34399.
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A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base. And The Framework used can be understood as a tool or checklist to understand poverty in responding to poor people’s views and their own understanding of poverty. In this context, a research was designed to study the sustainable livelihood framework: monitoring and evaluation. Different related of published and unpublished materials like books, research articles and other materials like package manuals were reviewed and the paper was prepared. The paper showed that, livelihood approaches are conceptual frameworks that promote people centered development. They are responsive and participatory, and they favor multidisciplinary and multilevel development interactions. Monitoring and evaluation must look beyond activity-based indicators of progress and resource-based definitions of change to measure achievements from the perspective of partners and beneficiaries. Livelihoods analysis helps us to address these assumptions as part of the project design. Assumptions can be ‘internalized’ either by including complementary activities (to cover ‘horizontal’ assumptions) or by linking projects up-stream and down-stream to ensure an appropriate enabling environment.
Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-1: 266-271
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Vernooy, Ronnie, and Yiching Song. "New Approaches to Supporting the Agricultural Biodiversity Important for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2, no. 1 (January 2004): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2004.9684567.
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Mukono, Danstan, and Richard Faustine Sambaiga. "A Critical Review on the Major Conceptual Strands/debates on the Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and Improved Social Livelihoods." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 1 (March 11, 2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v5i1.8239.
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<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">The problem of climate change has attracted different approaches on how best to tackle it. Equally, at the level of theorization and conceptualization, it has attracted a fierce debate on how to interpret, analyze, and suggest the best approach which seems to improve the social livelihoods of the main actors who directly depends on forest resources. This paper intends albeit in a brief manner to synthesis various theoretical and conceptual issues which explicitly or implicitly inform REDD+ as a new sustainable intervention in conserving forest and improving people’s social livelihoods. At the same time, each approach is critically analyzed to see its strength and weakness in addressing the key issue of improving social livelihood taking into account power dynamics. And lastly, it points out the conceptual framework which at least illuminates the manner in which to apprehend the power dynamics and agency play out in REDD+ interventions. </span></p>
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Edwards, Peter, Lisa Sharma‐Wallace, Tim Barnard, Sandra J. Velarde, Tui Warmenhoven, Gerard Fitzgerald, Duncan Harrison, Loretta Garrett, Tina Porou, and Pia Pohatu. "Sustainable livelihoods approaches to inform government‐local partnerships and decision‐making in vulnerable environments." New Zealand Geographer 75, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nzg.12214.
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Sheikh, Yahya, Muhammad Ibrar, and Javed Iqbal. "Impact of Joint Forest Management on Rural Livelihoods in the Kalam and Siran Forest Divisions, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan." Global Regional Review IV, no. I (March 31, 2019): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-i).25.
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Forest management policies in Pakistan have been generally following conventional approaches without considering the role of local community’s participation. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, Joint Forest Management (JFM) was introduced in 1996 with the active involvement of local communities for both sustainable forest management and community livelihoods. This study analyzes the impacts of JFM on rural livelihoods in Pakistan using a sample from 10 villages of Siran and Kalam Forest Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data were collected through interview schedule and focus group discussions from the local community members & forest department personnel. Results of the study revealed that the JFM played a key role in livelihoods improvement and forest development. Also, JFM improved relationship between local communities and forest department. This study recommends for introduction of policies that help in building trust and friendly relationships between forest department and local communities for sustainable forest management.
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M, Rubavel. "Situational Analysis on Access of Livelihood Capitals in Livelihoods of Poor Households." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 15, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v15.n4.p4.
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<p class="normal">Poverty is one of the major problem of developing countries, the United Nation organization taken up eliminating poverty is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The poverty has been addressed through various approaches, methods, schemes and programmes schemes in the past. This paper proposes a new dimension to address the poverty reduction and through promoting the livelihood for the poor households. The lacks of capitals are one of the major problems to start livelihood activities. The livelihood activities of poor households depend on the availability of livelihood capitals as a starting point, Poor households used to combine the resource run their livelihood activities, Livelihood capitals are important for running the livelihood activities. The availability and accessibility of livelihood capitals for poor households help to build up their livelihood activities. Livelihood capitals are such as natural, physical, human, financial and social capital. The improvement in these livelihood capitals can improve the livelihood outcomes. The accesses to these livelihood capitals are important in promoting and sustaining livelihood activities. Access to credit is one of the most important would help to come out of poverty. This paper explores the availability and accessibility of livelihood capital for the poor households and presents the empirical study conducted among 503 rural poor households who were involved in the livelihood activities of in Alathur Block of Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu, India.</p>
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Jordaan, Johan W., and Michael Alderson. "Scale, Skill and Sustainable Livelihoods – Participatory Approaches to Improving Poultry Production in Peri-Urban Communities." Outlook on Agriculture 38, no. 1 (March 2009): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000009787762770.
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Ahmed, Jashim Uddin, and Wahida Shahan Tinne. "ASA: Cost-effective and Sustainable Microfinance Model NGO in Bangladesh." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977917730445.
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Microfinance institutions (MFIs) focus on understanding the needs of the poor and assisting them to improve their livelihoods by developing the most efficient and effective mechanisms to deliver finance. This case study concentrates on how the Association for Social Advancement, or ASA, approaches working with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on microfinance using its diversified service portfolios and operational structures in Bangladesh. The achievements and threats of NGOs have been discussed in terms of current changes and challenges for a microcredit concept to alleviate poverty in Bangladesh.
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Maingi, Shem Wambugu. "Safari tourism and its role in sustainable poverty eradication in East Africa: the case of Kenya." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 13, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-08-2020-0084.
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Purpose Globally, poverty has been a persistent problem despite decades of unprecedented growth. The purpose of this paper is to deliberate on a sustainable livelihoods and poverty eradication approach in an African context. Design/methodology/approach The paper aims to bridge the gaps in poverty eradication strategies in East Africa by examining recent literature on livelihoods approaches and poverty eradication approaches. Findings Safari tourism is one way of connecting poor communities in Kenya to the tourism industry. The development of community conservancies in Kenya presents yet more opportunities for communities to be integrated with the sector. The Africanization of the tourism sector in Kenya is a priority, as communities embrace tourism and poverty eradication measures. Practical implications There is a need for the Safari tourism sector to integrate the local community’s indigenous knowledge systems, community social capital and the community’s natural capital with tourism product development and diversification. Originality/value The paper draws on applied research and technical analysis of the unique opportunities for enhancing sustainable poverty eradication through the tourism sector in East Africa and, more particularly, a Kenyan context.
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Sandham, Chabalala, and Spaling. "Participatory Rural Appraisal Approaches for Public Participation in EIA: Lessons from South Africa." Land 8, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8100150.
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: Public participation in environmental impact assessment (EIA) often falls short of the requirements of best practice in the move towards sustainable development, particularly for disadvantaged and marginalized communities. This paper explores the value of a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approach for improved public participation in a sample of EIA’s for photovoltaic projects in South Africa. PRA was conducted post facto making use of selected PRA tools. Findings show that a great deal more information was obtained by the PRA approach, confirming the perceived weakness of traditional PP for vulnerable and disadvantaged communities. It is concluded that a PRA approach has considerable potential for improving meaningful public participation, which should improve EIA, build capacity in those communities, and enhance livelihoods and sustainable resource use.
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Mingaleva, Zhanna. "Sustainable Development Ideas: an “Apple of Discord" or a Platform for Unification?" Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2017, no. 6 (December 30, 2017): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201762.
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The article analyzes the main foreign approaches to the interpretation of the “sustainable development” definition, the directions for the formation of various concepts, programs, political attitudes based on the definition and ideas of sustainable development, identifies shortcomings of the most common approaches and concepts. An overview of the main approaches and theories of sustainable development is compiled, their classification is proposed, a spatial model of the conceptual areas of the concept of “sustainable development” and spheres of its application is presented. The study concluded that the alternative approaches to understanding the role of the environment in the existence of mankind, to the assessment of both the impact of industrial and agricultural production and the results of people’s livelihoods (especially in the context of a sharp increase of urbanization rate) on the global environmental situation, have led to the formation of various concepts of sustainable development that form the basis of national strategies and programs of sustainable development. As a result, the ideas, and the very concept of sustainable development, are increasingly becoming a field of disagreements and contradictions between states and individual regions of the world, rather than a common platform for combining efforts to solve global problems of mankind.
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Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe, Luxon Nhamo, Sylvester Mpandeli, Charles Nhemachena, Aidan Senzanje, Nafisa Sobratee, Pauline Paidamoyo Chivenge, et al. "The Water–Energy–Food Nexus as a Tool to Transform Rural Livelihoods and Well-Being in Southern Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 18, 2019): 2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162970.
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About 60% of southern Africa’s population lives in rural areas with limited access to basic services and amenities such as clean and safe water, affordable and clean energy, and balanced and nutritious diets. Resource scarcity has direct and indirect impacts on nutrition, human health, and well-being of mostly poor rural communities. Climate change impacts in the region are manifesting through low crop yields, upsurge of vector borne diseases (malaria and dengue fever), and water and food-borne diseases (cholera and diarrhoea). This study applied a water–energy–food (WEF) nexus analytical livelihoods model with complex systems understanding to assess rural livelihoods, health, and well-being in southern Africa, recommending tailor-made adaptation strategies for the region aimed at building resilient rural communities. The WEF nexus is a decision support tool that improves rural livelihoods through integrated resource distribution, planning, and management, and ensures inclusive socio-economic transformation and development, and addresses related sustainable development goals, particularly goals 2, 3, 6 and 7. The integrated WEF nexus index for the region was calculated at 0.145, which is marginally sustainable, and indicating the region’s exposure to vulnerabilities, and reveals a major reason why the region fails to meet its developmental targets. The integrated relationship among WEF resources in southern Africa shows an imbalance and uneven resource allocation, utilisation and distribution, which normally results from a ‘siloed’ approach in resource management. The WEF nexus provides better adaptation options, as it guides decision making processes by identifying priority areas needing intervention, enhancing synergies, and minimising trade-offs necessary for resilient rural communities. Our results identified (i) the trade-offs and unintended negative consequences for poor rural households’ livelihoods of current silo approaches, (ii) mechanisms for sustainably enhancing household water, energy and food security, whilst (iii) providing direction for achieving SDGs 2, 3, 6 and 7.
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Robinson, Lance W., and Anthony M. Fuller. "Towards an ecosystem approach to policy process: insights from the sustainable livelihoods and ecosystem health approaches." International Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 4 (2010): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2010.038176.
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Joshi, Murari, Lokendra Dhakal, Gopi Paudel, Raghu Shrestha, Arun Paudel, Padam Bahadur Chand, and Netra Prasad Timsina. "The Livelihood Improvement Process: An Inclusive and Pro-Poor Approach to Community Forestry – Experiences from Kabhrepalanchok and Sindhupalchok Districts of Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 5, no. 1 (June 24, 2009): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v5i1.1980.
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Reducing poverty through equitable and sustainable community-based natural resource management, particularly through programmes that accord attention to the issue of social inclusion, is the major objective of development projects related to natural resource management. At the local level, many innovations have been developed and are being put in place to enhance the pro-poor approaches, which specifically focus on the issues of livelihoods and inclusion. Livelihood Improvement Process (LIP) is one of the innovations arising to address this end. This paper presents the concept, process of implementation, and impacts of the LIP, as well as the opportunities and challenges it faces based on the experiences gained in Kabhrepalanchok and Sindhupalchok districts of Nepal. It concludes that the LIP can be an appropriate tool for reaching the poor, as it helps to sensitise and inform all actors about the need of pro-poor and inclusive development process. Key Words: community forestry, livelihood improvement process, social inclusion, governance doi: 10.3126/jfl.v5i1.1980 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 5(1) February, 2006 pp.46-52
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Buchenrieder, Gertrud, and Roland Azibo Balgah. "Sustaining livelihoods around community forests. What is the potential contribution of wildlife domestication?" Journal of Modern African Studies 51, no. 1 (February 25, 2013): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000596.
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ABSTRACTCommunity forest management is often advanced as a remedy for failing top-down approaches to nature conservation. Contingent on the property rights theory, it assumes that local participation in natural resource management results in sustainable structures. There is, however, insufficient empirical evidence on the intra-community dynamics – especially when households have unequal access to the local institutions managing the natural resource. This paper looks at the socio-cultural, economic and institutional situation of households with and without access to management institutions in communities around the Kilum-Ijim Mountain Forest in Cameroon and analyses whether livelihood differences are associated with variations in management patterns. The analysis reveals differences by household type and a mixed picture of the evolution of species in the community forests over time, questioning the role of the community in natural resource conservation. Furthermore, the paper discusses the potentials of wildlife domestication for livelihoods and conservation in forest communities. The results are important in the light of ongoing conservation efforts in natural resource hot-spots in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Belesova, Kristine, Ilan Kelman, and Roger Boyd. "Governance through Economic Paradigms: Addressing Climate Change by Accounting for Health." Politics and Governance 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2016): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i4.729.
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Climate change is a major challenge for sustainable development, impacting human health, wellbeing, security, and livelihoods. While the post-2015 development agenda sets out action on climate change as one of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is little provision on how this can be achieved in tandem with the desired economic progress and the required improvements in health and wellbeing. This paper examines synergies and tensions between the goals addressing climate change and economic progress. We identify reductionist approaches in economics, such as ‘externalities’, reliance on the metric of the Gross Domestic Product, positive discount rates, and short-term profit targets as some of the key sources of tensions between these goals. Such reductionist approaches could be addressed by intersectoral governance mechanisms. Health in All Policies, health-sensitive macro-economic progress indicators, and accounting for long-term and non-monetary values are some of the approaches that could be adapted and used in governance for the SDGs. Policy framing of climate change and similar issues should facilitate development of intersectoral governance approaches.
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Alderson, M., and J. W. Jordaan. "Scale, skill and sustainable livelihoods – participatory approaches to improving poultry production in periurban communities: evidence from South Africa." Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2007): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v3i1.8140.
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Moli, G. Poyya. "Community Based Eco Cultural Heritage Tourism for Sustainable Development in the Asian Region." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2011040106.
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Tourism has emerged as one of the world’s largest industries and a fast growing economic sector. The Asian region attracts a growing number of quality-conscious tourists as it is endowed with a rich bio-cultural/heritage diversity. However, the diversity and integrity of many Asian tourist destinations have been severely eroded or irreversibly damaged due to ill-conceived, poorly planned, and under-regulated mass tourism and other human activities, increasing the conflicts between conservation and local livelihoods. Fortunately, the newly emerging community-based eco-cultural heritage tourism (CBECHT) can be effectively used in the region for achieving the objectives of sustainable development by integrating pro-poor tourism approaches. Such approaches are strongly promoted and supported by several international organizations as well as Local Agenda 21. This article provides a broad conceptual framework for this approach and evaluates the potentials and constraints for evolving and implementing such strategies in the region with their policy/planning implications.
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Baffour-Ata, Frank, Philip Antwi-Agyei, and Elias Nkiaka. "Climate Variability, Land Cover Changes and Livelihoods of Communities on the Fringes of Bobiri Forest Reserve, Ghana." Forests 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030278.
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Climate variability coupled with land use and land cover changes have resulted in significant changes in forest reserves in Ghana with major implications for rural livelihoods. Understanding the link between climate variability, land use and land cover changes and rural livelihoods is key for decision-making, especially regarding sustainable management of forest resources, monitoring of ecosystems and related livelihoods. The study determined the extent to which climate variability drives land cover changes in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana. Landsat images from 1986, 2003, 2010 and 2014 were used to evaluate land cover changes of the Bobiri forest reserve in Ghana. Participatory research approaches including household questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted in four fringe communities of the Bobiri forest reserve. Findings showed that local people perceived changes in rainfall and temperature patterns over the past years. Historical rainfall and temperature data for the study area showed increased variability in rainfall and an increasing temperature trend, which are consistent with the perception of the study respondents. Analysis of land cover satellite images showed that there has been significant transformation of closed forest to open forest and non-forest land cover types over the 28-year period (1986–2014), with an overall kappa statistic of 0.77. Between 2003 and 2014, closed forest decreased by 15.6% but settlement/bare ground and crop land increased marginally by 1.5% and 0.9%, respectively. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews revealed that increased land cover changes in the Bobiri forest reserve could partly be attributed to erratic rainfall patterns. Other factors such as logging and population growth were reported to be factors driving land cover changes. The study concluded that the Bobiri forest reserve has witnessed significant land cover changes and recommended that alternative livelihood sources should be provided to reduce the direct dependency of fringe communities on the forest for livelihood and firewood.
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Barakagira, Alex, and Anton H. de Wit. "Community livelihood activities as key determinants for community based conservation of wetlands in Uganda." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2017-0002.
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AbstractCommunity-based Conservation (CBC) has been regarded as one of the most appropriate approaches to the sustainable utilization and conservation of natural resources. Wetlands are believed to provide attributes, functions, and services that positively affect the daily livelihoods of members of the local community. Bearing in mind the incentives wetlands provide, if community members are not involved in the activities aimed at the management and conservation of wetlands then they result in being degraded. This study was initiated to explore how community livelihood activities influence CBC of wetlands in Uganda. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. A questionnaire survey was conducted among four hundred households to collect information concerning community livelihood activities taking place in wetlands. Additionally, more information was obtained from National Environment Management Authority, and Wetlands Management Department staff using another non-structured questionnaire. Key informant interviews and direct observations were also used to collect data. Overall, the gathering of materials for building and crafts, fuel wood collection, clay and sand mining and practicing agriculture in wetlands are some of the reasons that have caused wetland degradation. Low levels of awareness, unclear ownership of wetlands and inadequate funding has not enabled Agencies responsible for implementing the Policies and Laws aimed for protecting and conserving wetlands from being degraded. Therefore, these above mentioned problems must be addressed in order for wetland resources to be sustainably utilized and conserved by members of the local community.
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Castella, Jean-Christophe, and Sonnasack Phaipasith. "Rural Roads Are Paving the Way for Land-Use Intensification in the Uplands of Laos." Land 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030330.
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Road expansion has played a prominent role in the agrarian transition that marked the integration of swidden-based farming systems into the market economy in Southeast Asia. Rural roads deeply altered the landscape and livelihood structures by allowing the penetration of boom crops such as hybrid maize in remote territories. In this article, we investigate the impact of rural road developments on livelihoods in northern Laos through a longitudinal study conducted over a period of 15 years in a forest frontier. We studied adaptive management strategies of local stakeholders through the combination of individual surveys, focus group discussions, participatory mapping and remote-sensing approaches. The study revealed the short-term benefits of the maize feeder roads on poverty alleviation and rural development, but also the negative long-term effects on agroecosystem health and agricultural productivity related to unsustainable land use. Lessons learnt about the mechanisms of agricultural intensification helped understanding the constraints faced by external interventions promoting sustainable land management practices. When negotiated by local communities for their own interest, roads may provide livelihood-enhancing opportunities through access to external resources, rather than undermining them.
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Gutierrez-Montes, Isabel, Mary Emery, and Edith Fernandez-Baca. "The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and the Community Capitals Framework: The Importance of System-Level Approaches to Community Change Efforts." Community Development 40, no. 2 (June 12, 2009): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15575330903011785.
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Volenzo, Tom, and John Odiyo. "Ecological Public Health and Participatory Planning and Assessment Dilemmas: The Case of Water Resources Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081635.
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Water is a key driver for socio-economic development, livelihoods and ecosystem integrity. This is reflected in the emergence of unified paradigms such as Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and the weight accorded to it in the Sustainable Development Goals agenda. This paper interrogated the effectiveness of existing participatory planning and assessment models adapted from IWRM model on water quality and public health at community level. The analysis was built around public health ecology perspective and drew useful lessons from critique of basin wide integrated Modeling approaches and existing community participatory models envisaged under Water Users Associations (WUA) in South Africa. We extended the use of political ecology lenses to ecological public health through use of communication for development approaches, to argue that public health risk reduction and resilience building in community water projects require the use of innovative analytical and conceptual lenses that unbundle cognitive biases and failures, as well as, integrate and transform individual and collective agency. The study concludes that the inherent “passive participation” adapted from IWRM model fail to adequately address water quality and public health dimensions in its pillars. Since water quality has direct bearing on disaster risks in public health, building a coherent mitigatory vision requires the adoption of active participatory assessment and planning models that incorporate livelihoods, agency, social learning dynamics and resilience through recognition of communication for development approaches in community empowerment.
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Davies, K. P., J. Duncan, N. Wales, R. Varea, H. Shojaei, E. Bruce, B. Boruff, and E. Biggs. "AN OPEN-SOURCE MOBILE GEOSPATIAL PLATFORM FOR PROMOTING CLIMATE-SMART LIVELIHOOD-LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS IN FIJI AND TONGA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W14 (August 23, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-31-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Communities in Fiji and Tonga rely on landscape services to support a variety of livelihoods. These communities are increasingly vulnerable to climate (e.g. increasing cyclone occurrence and intensity) and environmental (e.g. mining and deforestation) stressors. Within these landscape systems, accurate and timely monitoring of human-climate-environment interactions is important to inform landscape management, land use policies, and climate-smart sustainable development. Data collection and monitoring approaches exist to capture landscape-livelihood information such as surveys, participatory GIS (PGIS), and remote sensing. However, these monitoring approaches are challenged by data collection and management burdens, timely integration of databases and data streams, aligning system requirements with local needs, and socio-technical issues associated with low-resource development contexts. Such monitoring approaches only provide static representation of livelihood-landscape interactions failing to capture the dynamic nature of vulnerabilities, and benefit only a small user base. We present a prototype of a mobile, open-source geospatial tool being collaboratively developed with the Ministries of Agriculture in Fiji and Tonga and local stakeholders, to address the above shortcomings of PGIS and other environmental monitoring and data sharing approaches. The tool is being developed using open-source mobile GIS technologies following a formal ICT for Development (ICT4D) framework. We discuss the results for each component of the ICT4D framework which involves multiple landscape stakeholders across the two Small Island Developing States. Based on the ICT4D user requirements analysis, we produced a prototype open-source mobile geospatial data collection, analysis and sharing tool. New dynamic spatial data layers related to landscape use and climate were specifically developed for use in the tool. We present the functionality of the tool alongside the results of field-testing with stakeholders in Fiji and Tonga.</p>
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Bajracharya, R. M., K. Atreya, N. Raut, H. L. Shrestha, D. K. Gautam, and N. R. Dahal. "SUSTAINABLE DIVERSIFIED AGRICULTURE AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN THE HIMALAYA: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION." Journal of Mountain Area Research 1 (August 27, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53874/jmar.v1i0.11.
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The soil and land resources play a vital role in sustaining the local livelihoods of rural communities in the Himalaya. Most of the arable land has already been brought under cultivation, hence the ever-increasing demand for food and fiber has left farmers with no choice but to intensify agriculture. However, producing more crops and greater quantities of food, fiber and other materials on the same parcel of land can to soil fertility and productivity decline with overall degradation of land quality. Therefore, ways and means to intensify agriculture to enhance productivity without degrading the soil and land resource base have become imperative. Agro-forestry, agro-slivi-pastoral systems, and the adoption of a variety of crop, soil and water management and conservation practices offer potential to deliver multiple benefits without sacrificing the very resource upon which the human population depends. Presented herein are findings on approaches to sustainable intensification of agriculture and land management related to soil OM management and C sequestration for multiple benefits, and, agro-forestry as a crop diversification strategy with both livelihood, and climate change adaptation/mitigation benefits. The results indicate that sustainable soil management practices could lead to significant SOC accumulations (4-8 t/ha over 6 yrs). SOC and soil C stocks tend to increase with elevation due to cooler climate and slow decomposition rates. Carbon stocks for the 3 LU types was in the order CF>AF/LH>AG, suggesting that diversified cropping practices including agro-forestry have good potential sequester C while providing livelihood opportunities and climate adaptive capacity for local farming communities. Biochar amendment increased growth of both coffee plants and radish with mixed grass/weed biochar being most effective. Biochar application also significantly decreased emission of GHGs, especially N2O.
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Antwi-Agyei, Philip, Felix Kpenekuu, Jonathan N. Hogarh, Kwasi Obiri-Danso, Robert C. Abaidoo, Erik Jeppesen, and Mathias Neumann Andersen. "Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Owabi Reservoir Catchment, Ghana: Implications for Livelihoods and Management." Geosciences 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070286.
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Reservoir catchments in Ghana have undergone significant changes in recent years with major implications for socio-economic development and local livelihoods. We studied land use and land cover changes and their impacts on livelihoods in the Owabi reservoir catchment from 1970 to 2014 using Landsat, ERDAS Imagine and Arc Geographic Information System (ArcGIS 10.2) software supplemented with participatory approaches including focus group discussions, key informant interviews and questionnaire surveys with 400 households. Our results showed that, since 1970, 24.6% of high-density forests and 15.8% of sparse forests have disappeared, while the built-up area has increased from 9.8% to 56.6%. Additionally, the proportion of bare soil (areas that do not have vegetation cover due to forest clearing and other anthropogenic activities) has increased, while the areas of waterbodies have declined. We identified urbanisation and lack of community involvement in catchment management as the key factors driving the land cover changes that have adversely affected the livelihoods of the local fringe communities. This study highlights the threats from urbanisation to land cover changes and identifies the key drivers of land use change. For effective and sustainable management of natural resources, the local communities should be more actively involved in the decision-making process regarding the management of their individual catchments.
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Melketo, Tagesse A., Endrias Geta, and Stefan Sieber. "Understanding Livelihood Diversification Patterns among Smallholder Farm Households in Southern Ethiopia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 9, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v9n1p26.
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Smallholder farm households face an increasing need of looking for alternative income sources to supplement their small scale on-farm incomes. However, livelihood diversification is a complex phenomenon and it involves different forms. This study, therefore, delves to realize the patterns of livelihood diversification strategies adopted by the smallholder farmers at Kembata-Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia. The study was based on cross-sectional survey data from 384 farm households that were selected through a combination of three-stages: cluster, simple random, and proportional to the size of population sampling techniques. A mix of instruments including interview- schedule, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations were used to acquire primary data. Descriptive statistics in combination with multidimensional approaches involving cluster analysis were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed using word descriptions and verbatim discussions. It was found that the diversification patterns of the smallholder farm households in the study area took different forms involving alteration of land use patterns, intensification of crops and livestock productions, and non/off-farm activities. Superiority order of livelihood strategies in terms of the average annual cash income obtained by the households was set. Accordingly, commercial crop stands first followed by livestock rearing and subsistence crop production as second and third, respectively. It was suggested that livelihood diversification can only be a viable strategy to achieve sustainable rural livelihoods if the farmers are capacitated so that they can choose the right remunerative livelihood strategy among the existing options.
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Paul, Birthe K., Jeroen CJ Groot, Brigitte L. Maass, An MO Notenbaert, Mario Herrero, and Pablo A. Tittonell. "Improved feeding and forages at a crossroads: Farming systems approaches for sustainable livestock development in East Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 49, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727020906170.
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Dairy development provides substantial potential economic opportunities for smallholder farmers in East Africa, but productivity is constrained by the scarcity of quantity and quality feed. Ruminant livestock production is also associated with negative environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air pollution, high water consumption, land-use change, and loss of biodiversity. Improved livestock feeding and forages have been highlighted as key entry point to sustainable intensification, increasing food security, and decreasing environmental trade-offs including GHG emission intensities. In this perspective article, we argue that farming systems approaches are essential to understand the multiple roles and impacts of forages in smallholder livelihoods. First, we outline the unique position of forages in crop-livestock systems and systemic obstacles to adoption that call for multidisciplinary thinking. Second, we discuss the importance of matching forage technologies with agroecological and socioeconomic contexts and niches, and systems agronomy that is required. Third, we demonstrate the usefulness of farming systems modeling to estimate multidimensional impacts of forages and for reducing agro-environmental trade-offs. We conclude that improved forages in East Africa are at a crossroads: if adopted by farmers at scale, they can be a cornerstone of pathways toward sustainable livestock systems in East Africa.
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Woolliams, J. A., O. Matika, and J. Pattison. "Conservation of animal genetic resources: approaches and technologies for in situ and ex situ conservation." Animal Genetic Resources Information 42 (April 2008): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002571.
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SummaryLivestock production faces major challenges through the coincidence of major drivers of change, some with conflicting directions. These are:1. An unprecedented global change in demands for traditional livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs.2. Large changes in the demographic and regional distribution of these demands.3. The need to reduce poverty in rural communities by providing sustainable livelihoods.4. The possible emergence of new agricultural outputs such as bio-fuels making a significant impact upon traditional production systems.5. A growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production.6. The uncertainty in the scale and impact of climate change. This paper explores these challenges from a scientific perspective in the face of the large-scale and selective erosion of our animal genetic resources, and concludes thai there is a stronger and more urgent need than ever before to secure the livestock genetic resources available to humankind through a comprehensive global conservation programme.
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Ahmadzai, Hayatullah, Seta Tutundjian, and Ismahane Elouafi. "Policies for Sustainable Agriculture and Livelihood in Marginal Lands: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168692.
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Despite the substantial improvements in agricultural productivity owing to technological progress, the poor in agriculturally marginal areas are overlooked and left behind. Nearly a billion people still live in poverty, the majority of whom happen to be in developing countries, with a larger share of those who are poor living on marginal lands. Food insecurity is a vicious reality in the everyday lives of these marginalized poor, and the threat of food insecurity and hunger is becoming even more serious and imminent, with increasing trends in population growth. Climate change is expected to add yet more weight to this equation and to pose greater risks for the livelihoods of these communities. In spite of the challenges faced, addressing marginal agriculture systems and poverty is vital to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this paper, we investigate the historical policy perspective towards marginal areas to pinpoint potential shortcomings in the policy environment. Subsequently, we present a roadmap to future research engagement and develop a policy framework, with instruments and strategies focusing on the food–poverty–environment nexus, to target poverty reduction, preserve biodiversity, and restore marginal lands. Our analysis of historical policies reveals that conventional policy approaches towards marginal agriculture have been conducive to favorable areas (specific to input-responsive crops only), neglecting marginal areas. Future policies to address the food–poverty–environment nexus within marginal environments must evolve around a framework that is all-inclusive but context-specific. Agricultural and other public investments should be prioritized geographically in accordance with the characteristics of marginality hotspots. Policy instruments should encourage long-term solutions to enhance productivity through regenerative production systems and preserve the environmental resource base.
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Masha, Mamush, Teshome Yirgu, and Mulugeta Debele. "Impacts of Soil and Water Management Measures on Crop Production and Farm Income of Rural Households in the Damota Area Districts, Southern Ethiopia." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (September 1, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5526713.
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Improving crop productivity and farm income of rural households and ensuring food security through soil and water conservation (SWC) measures are one of the integral parts of sustainable livelihood approaches. The study aims to assess the impact of soil and water conservation measures on improving the rural livelihoods, which is measured in terms of annual crop production and farm income of rural households in the Damota area districts. The data was collected from 378 households (209 adopters and 169 nonadopters of SWC measures) using survey questionnaires, which were randomly chosen by using multistage sampling techniques. Descriptive and inferential statistics with propensity score matching (PSM) method were used to analyze the collected data. The propensity score matching method was used to assess the impacts of soil and water conservation measures by controlling unobserved heterogeneity and were matched with balanced observable characteristics. The result showed that the mean value of wheat production of adopter households was higher (654 kilograms per hectare) than that of nonadopters (496 kilograms per hectare). Similarly, the mean values of farm income of adopter households were higher (17372.67 Ethiopian Birr per year) than those of nonadopter households (13883.22 Ethiopian Birr per year). The result indicated that both crop production and annual farm income were more pronounced when farmers implemented sustainable soil and water conservation measures on their farming lands. This suggests that all rural households need to focus on the large-scale adoption, integration, and maintenances of damaged structures for better agricultural outcomes.
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Stewart, Zachary P., Gary M. Pierzynski, B. Jan Middendorf, and P. V. Vara Prasad. "Approaches to improve soil fertility in sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 2 (October 5, 2019): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz446.
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Abstract Soil fertility provides the foundation for nutritious food production and resilient and sustainable livelihoods. A comprehensive survey and summit meeting were conducted with the aims of understanding barriers to enhancing soil fertility in sub-Saharan Africa and providing evidence-based recommendations. The focus regions were West Africa, East Africa, the Great Lakes region, and Ethiopia. Overall recommendations were developed with four emerging themes: (1) strengthening inorganic fertilizer-based systems, (2) access to and use of quality organic inputs, (3) capacity building along the entire knowledge-transfer value chain, and (4) strengthening farming systems research and development across biophysical and socio-economic factors. The evidence-based process and methodology for prioritizing these recommendations makes these findings useful for setting out action plans for future investments and strategies. Access to inorganic fertilizer, its use, and related implementation issues were prominent considerations; nevertheless, biophysical and socio-economic barriers and solutions were identified as equally important to building soil fertility and natural resources. Soil management initiatives should focus on providing holistic solutions covering both biophysical and socio-economic aspects along the entire value chain of actors and creating an enabling environment for adoption. A broader view of soil fertility improvement using all available options including both inorganic and organic sources of nutrients and farming system approaches are highly recommended.
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Jupiter, Stacy D., Philippa J. Cohen, Rebecca Weeks, Alifereti Tawake, and Hugh Govan. "Locally-managed marine areas: multiple objectives and diverse strategies." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 2 (2014): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140165.
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Community-based management and co-management are mainstream approaches to marine conservation and sustainable resource management. In the tropical Pacific, these approaches have proliferated through locally-managed marine areas (LMMAs). LMMAs have garnered support because of their adaptability to different contexts and focus on locally identified objectives, negotiated and implemented by stakeholders. While LMMA managers may be knowledgeable about their specific sites, broader understanding of objectives, management actions and outcomes of local management efforts remain limited. We interviewed 50 practitioners from the tropical Pacific and identified eight overarching objectives for LMMA establishment and implementation: (1) enhancing long-term sustainability of resource use; (2) increasing shortterm harvesting efficiency; (3) restoring biodiversity and ecosystems; (4) maintaining or restoring breeding biomass of fish or invertebrates; (5) enhancing the economy and livelihoods; (6) reinforcing customs; (7) asserting access and tenure rights; and (8) empowering communities. We reviewed outcomes for single or multiple objectives from published studies of LMMAs and go on to highlight synergies and trade-offs among objectives. The management actions or ʻtoolsʼ implemented for particular objectives broadly included: permanent closures; periodically-harvested closures; restrictions on gear, access or species; livelihood diversification strategies; and participatory and engagement processes. Although LMMAs are numerous and proliferating, we found relatively few cases in the tropical Pacific that adequately described how objectives and management tools were negotiated, reported the tools implemented, or empirically tested outcomes and seldom within a regional context. This paper provides some direction for addressing these research gaps.
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Blumberg, Renata, Helga Leitner, and Kirsten Valentine Cadieux. "For food space: theorizing alternative food networks beyond alterity." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23026.
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<p>In response to calls by scholars to deepen theoretical engagement in research on Alternative Food Networks (AFNs), in this article we critically discuss and assess major theoretical approaches deployed in the study of AFNs. After highlighting the strengths and limitations of each theoretical approach, we provide an alternative framework – which we refer to as the Geographical Political Ecology of Food Systems – that integrates the contributions that have emerged in the study of the alternative geographies of food with an understanding of capitalist processes in the food system. We do this by bringing together literature on the political ecology of food systems and multiple spatialities, including Doreen Massey's understanding of space as a heterogeneous multiplicity and Eric Sheppard's conceptualization of sociospatial positionality. We utilize research on agrarian change and AFNs in Eastern Europe to elaborate this approach. We argue that this new perspective helps navigate tensions in AFN scholarship, and provides new avenues for research and action. We focus particularly on the ability of AFNs to provide a sustainable livelihood for participating farmers, thus far a neglected topic in AFN research in Europe.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Alternative Food Networks, Eastern Europe, spatialities, positionality, livelihoods</p>
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Orchard, Steven, Dominic Glover, Shova Thapa Karki, Seife Ayele, Debashish Sen, Roshan Rathod, and Pedram Rowhani. "Exploring synergies and trade-offs among the sustainable development goals: collective action and adaptive capacity in marginal mountainous areas of India." Sustainability Science 15, no. 6 (December 9, 2019): 1665–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00768-8.
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AbstractGlobal environmental change (GEC) threatens to undermine the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Smallholders in marginal mountainous areas (MMA) are particularly vulnerable due to precarious livelihoods in challenging environments. Acting collectively can enable and constrain the ability of smallholders to adapt to GEC. The objectives of this paper are: (i) identify collective actions in four MMA of the central Indian Himalaya Region, each with differing institutional contexts; (ii) assess the adaptive capacity of each village by measuring livelihood capital assets, diversity, and sustainable land management practices. Engaging with adaptive capacity and collective action literatures, we identify three broad approaches to adaptive capacity relating to the SDGs: natural hazard mitigation (SDG 13), social vulnerability (SDG 1, 2 and 5), and social–ecological resilience (SDG 15). We then develop a conceptual framework to understand the institutional context and identify SDG synergies and trade-offs. Adopting a mixed method approach, we analyse the relationships between collective action and the adaptive capacity of each village, the sites where apparent trade-offs and synergies among SDGs occur. Results illustrate each village has unique socio-environmental characteristics, implying distinct development challenges, vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities exist. Subsequently, specific SDG synergies and trade-offs occur even within MMA, and it is therefore crucial that institutions facilitate locally appropriate collective actions in order to achieve the SDGs. We suggest that co-production in the identification, prioritisation and potential solutions to the distinct challenges facing MMA can increase understandings of the specific dynamics and feedbacks necessary to achieve the SDGs in the context of GEC.
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Ilisko, Dzintra, Astrida Skrinda, and Anita Pipere. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE JOURNALS: JTEFS AND DCSE ON A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION." Via Latgalica, no. 9 (May 5, 2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2017.9.2684.
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The report reveals the contribution of two international UNESCO/ UNITWIN Chair’s peer-reviewed journals – “Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education” (DCSE) and “Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability” (JTEFS) to sustainable development of Latgale. They are international, cross-disciplinary, scholarly and open access journals focusing on diverse aspects of environmental, cultural, economic and social sustainability thus enabling one to constructively and creatively address present and future global challenges in creating more sustainable and resilient societies. Both journals aim to respond to the priorities set by the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development and the Global Action Programme as implemented in LATGALE and in the partner countries. The study reflects on the thematic scope of the two journals that centres on reorienting education towards the goal of sustainable education and sustainable community in Latgale, Latvia, Europe and beyond. In order to respond to the challenges of global community that we are facing today, the research published in both journals suggests how education can contribute to overcoming the current crises in education and community, as well as offers strategies and ways of dealing with it sustainably and responsibly in Latgale. Education for sustainable development (ESD) includes more than knowledge related to the environment, economy, culture and society. It also addresses learning perspectives, strategies and values that guide and motivate people to seek sustainable livelihoods, participate in a democratic society and live in a sustainable manner. ESD also involves studying both local and global issues. The research offers the study of JTEFS contribution to meeting different views, ideas and research to promote further development of studies and practice of teacher education in all areas of formal and non-formal education in relation to sustainability. DCSE is an international, peer-reviewed journal that provides a platform for examination of policies, theories and practices related to the discourse and communication for sustainable education. Since contemporary discourse study has extended its field to the study of multifaceted contexts of discourse, it integrates a broader study of the phenomena of communication in relation to sustainable education. The diversity of the journal is apparent in the variety of its theories, methods and approaches, thus avoiding the frequent limitation to one school, approach or academic branch.
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Trolio, Jena, Molly Eckman, and Khanjan Mehta. "Leveraging Globalization to Revive Traditional Foods." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n6p212.
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<p>Traditional foods are important to the sustainability of their native regions because they are often keystone assets to food security, economic stability, and quality nutrition. Globalization of agricultural markets, changing lifestyles, and rural-to-urban migration has contributed to the gradual loss of traditional foods in developing countries. The transition from traditional foods to imported refined carbohydrates, sugars, and edible oils has promoted nutrient deficiency, economic instability, and food insecurity. While the effects of globalization have been largely negative for indigenous foods, globalization is inevitable and has potentially useful aspects. Local champions and international supporters can leverage specific technologies and market patterns brought about or influenced by globalization to revive culinary traditions, strengthen local food systems, and bolster indigenous livelihoods. Such approaches include helping farmers benefit from technological advances in efficiency and economy of scale, biotechnology, post-harvest processing, and smart infrastructure combined with ethically-conscious food sourcing. Trends such as human migration, exotic food fads, interest in nutritious and organic foods, the rise of social media, and agricultural extension and education can also support improvements in local agricultural products and their globalizing markets. Collectively, these efforts can help revive sustainable traditional food production and enhance the lives and livelihoods of indigenous communities.</p>
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Oliveira, Hugo, and Gil Penha-Lopes. "Permaculture in Portugal: Social-Ecological Inventory of a Re-Ruralizing Grassroots Movement." European Countryside 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0002.
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AbstractSouthern European countries face a panorama of rural landscape abandonment, ageing rural population and lack of opportunities for vibrant rural lifestyles. This lead the way for over-exploitative monocultural practices and widespread abandonment of traditional land management practices, intensifying the degradation of rural landscapes, suffering already from the impacts of climate change and global economic pressures. Although policy driven initiatives can scale solutions to have wider impact, if not attuned to local contexts they can also increase the problems felt at the local level. Highlighting local grassroots innovations and locally appropriate solutions can support such attunement. Community-led grassroots initiatives have been sprouting, wishing to regenerate their landscapes grounded on ecocentric ethical approaches to Neo-rural lifestyles. Within Portugal, Permaculture, as a landscape ecological design movement and practice, has been one of those approaches, activated by young citizens wishing to recreate and innovate alternatives for the sustainable management of land, associated with lifestyle choices and local entrepreneurship. With this article, using a socio-ecological inventory as a baseline exploratory study, we are aiming to identify and start characterizing, the Permaculture landscape ecological design movement in Portugal, the motivations and perceptions of such movement, and its contribution towards the transformation of landscape management, societal trends and ecocentric innovations, to create more sustainable socio-ecological rural livelihoods within a Portuguese context.
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Marandure, Tawanda, James Bennett, Kennedy Dzama, Lovemore C. Gwiriri, Noluvuyo Bangani, and Cletos Mapiye. "Envisioning more effective delivery of custom feeding programs using participatory approaches: Lessons from Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019843135.
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In South Africa, livelihoods of smallholder cattle farmers are constrained by a lack of appropriate production knowledge, climate change, inadequate support services, societal inequity, irrelevant pro-poor policies and inappropriate delivery of improved livestock technologies. A transdisciplinary team of local and international researchers conducted a workshop to explore opportunities and constraints to the delivery of a beef cattle custom feeding programme in Eastern Cape Province using participatory approaches, including visioning exercises. The main challenges to the cattle custom feeding programme reported by producers included lack of cattle production skills, lack of technical knowledge on feed production, limited funding and inconsistent cattle feed delivery. Participants envisioned a portfolio of locally based solutions that included prioritization of local feed production, identification of sustainable support networks, establishment of a communal herd to cover feeding centre’s overhead costs and creation of a knowledge exchange platform for farmers. In addition, participants attempted to strengthen knowledge transfer among stakeholders through the development of an online site for knowledge exchange. Overall, the participatory approaches adopted empowered participants to freely express their opinions and openly share knowledge and experiences regarding common challenges and opportunities associated with delivery of a beef cattle custom feeding programme.