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1
Mdee, (nee Toner) Anna L. "Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches - Can they transform development?" Bradford Centre for International Development, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2894.
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yesThis paper critically examines the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) in the context of broader development debates, using a literature review as a tool to explore the origins, concepts and uses of the `approach¿. Whilst the concept of sustainable livelihoods is valuable in advancing our understanding the complexity and embedded nature of people¿s lives, sustainable livelihoods frameworks and principles are too simplistic to offer many answers. This paper argues that the idea of net sustainable livelihoods has much to offer the current discourse on rights and governance but that this is in danger of being diluted by its conceptualisation as a new `approach¿ to managing development interventions.
2
Lasso, Aldi Herindra. "The Double-edged Sword of Tourism: Tourism Development and Local Livelihoods in Komodo District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/370982.
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Tourism development has long been promoted as an effective means of bringing
improvements to local communities. However, along with many positive benefits of
tourism there are many negative impacts on economic, social and environmental aspects
of communities. The introduction of tourism often triggers alterations in the way local
people make a living. Such alterations often lead to full tourism-dependent livelihoods,
affecting the sustainability of traditional livelihoods due to the unreliability of the tourism
industry. This study provides empirical evidence of such alterations in local communities.
The research data for this study was collected in Komodo District, West Manggarai, East
Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, with the souvenir, tour boat and travel businesses as case
studies. Using qualitative methods, this study elaborates the impacts of tourism on local
livelihoods, by focusing on: the process of how tourism affected local livelihoods; the
opportunities and threats emerging from the impact of tourism; the strategies applied to
respond to the challenges; and the locals’ perspectives of influential stakeholders and
sustainable tourism development. Although the current businesses provide the local
businesspeople with a relatively immediate income, potential challenges have emerged
that threaten the sustainability of their tourism-based livelihoods: their full reliance on
tourism; fierce competition; extensive low seasons; and their lack of required skills. The
locals’ strategies responding to such challenges remain focused on tourism-dependent
businesses that have a high reliance on tourism. If tourism declines, the local people will
have insufficient alternatives to maintain their livelihoods. Preserving non-tourismrelated
businesses as a livelihood diversification strategy will significantly increase their
ability to cope with difficult times.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Intnl Bus&Asian Studies
Griffith Business School
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Acheampong, Emmanuel. "Sustainable livelihoods of forest fringe communities : forests, trees and household livelihood strategies in southern Ghana." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5460.
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Forests play fundamental roles in supporting rural livelihoods in Ghana. They form an integral part of the rural economy, providing subsistence goods and services as well as items of trade. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) contribute in many ways to improving diets, combating hunger and increasing incomes for rural households in Ghana. Indeed, wild plants and animals have traditionally been the major insurance of many rural households against food and livelihood insecurity. Yet past forestry development efforts have primarily focused on timber, and on building the forest capital, without paying equal attention to how these particular assets combine with others to sustain livelihoods, especially for the poor. This oversight has resulted in gaps in our understanding of the contribution of forest products to sustainable livelihoods. This study focuses primarily on the role of forest products (especially NTFPs) in rural livelihoods, the institutional issues that mediate local people's access to forest products, the impact of forest degradation and decline on rural livelihoods, and the forms of adaptation to forest resources decline. By combining qualitative and quantitative processes of enquiry (rapid rural appraisal, household questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, household case studies, literature search and direct detailed observations), the extent and manner in which forest-based resources form part of livelihood structures of forest and near-forest dwellers was examined in three forest fringe communities in the Wassa Amenfi District of southern Ghana. The results of this study reveal that NTFPs provide critical resources across southern Ghana, fulfilling nutritional, medicinal, cultural and financial needs, especially during periods of seasonal hardship and emergencies. Virtually all households consume a wide variety of forest foods, and forest-based activities provide one of the most common income-earning options for households throughout the study area. The contribution of forests and forest products to rural livelihoods is also manifested in the spiritual, cultural and traditional values placed on them. Forest products feature in many cultural ceremonies such as marriages, funerals, initiations, the installation of chiefs and the celebration of births. In spite of the important contribution of forest resources to rural livelihoods, current statutes in Ghana do not recognise indigenous rights to NTFPs in forest reserve areas. All products within forest reserves, including timber and NTFPs are vested in the government. Local people must obtain permits to harvest products from forest reserves. Similarly, all naturally occurring timber trees - whether on private or on communal land, or even on private farms - 'belong' to the government. It is an offence for an individual or community to cut or sell timber or merchantable tree species without permission from the Forestry Department (FD). Local people resent this form of exclusion and see the permit system as too expensive and complicated. This policy of exclusion discourages any sense of stewardship or responsibility towards forest resources. It alienates, and is a strong disincentive to local management of forests and timber resources. Because of this, people harvest NTFPs profligately and often destroy valuable timber species on their farms before concessionaires can gain access to them. The potential of forest products to continue to support rural livelihoods in Ghana can only be realised by an increase in the stream of forest benefits to local people. This will require security of access to forest resources, local incentives to protect the forest and its timber resources, and the involvement of local communities in forest management. These are critical issues if local communities are to use the forest resources in their localities sustainably. Because local communities are primary users of forest products, and create rules that significantly affect forest condition, their inclusion in forestry management schemes is essential.
4
Kelly, Maxine. "Sustainable rural livelihoods : a case study of Malawi." Thesis, Kingston University, 2000. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20682/.
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This thesis complements and extends understanding of the contribution of new approaches to development to the goal of achieving sustainable rural livelihoods. This is achieved by critically evaluating the concepts of agricultural sustainability and rural livelihoods. This study examines the use and management of natural resources by smallholder farmers in central Malawi. Development interventions by PROSCARP, a development project running nationally in Malawi and funded by EU, within the case study area were evaluated. This thesis has focused on land degradation and critically evaluates the new participatory or bottom up development paradigm in light of large-scale project interventions for land husbandry. A multidisciplinary approach, utilising a range of qualitative and quantitative methods provided a sound empirical basis for assessing the complexities of rural poverty and development interventions. This thesis identified a wide range of interlinked rural problems and opportunities. This clearly indicates that a single issue, such as soil conservation, cannot be separated from other aspects of sustainable rural livelihoods. This thesis therefore argues, on the basis of empirical evidence, as well as a critical review of the literature, that agricultural sustainability must encompass all aspects of rural livelihoods. The response of farmers to development interventions is highest for technologies that directly cater to their needs or which are based on local knowledge and technologies. This thesis highlights the need to identify and target appropriate interventions for individual households. Analysis of livelihood strategies also revealed a wide diversity of income sources within the case study area. The potential for increasing agricultural production is limited by landholding size and the potential for farmers to further diversify their income or food sources should be investigated in more detail. The evidence from the literature shows that participatory development processes have achieved successes in small-scale projects. This research concludes that it is also possible incorporate and change the type of participation in a pre-existing large-scale project. The analyses in this thesis suggests that unless interactive participation or self-mobilisation is achieved there is a strong possibility that introduced technologies will not be sustained and the community may not feel the long-term benefits of the project. The main obstacle to achieving interactive participation in a large-scale project is the empowerment of the beneficiaries. Finally, in light of the results of this research a number of recommendations are discussed which include a suggested focus on individual households or marginalized groups within a community, and a clear strategy for passing control of the project to the beneficiaries to ensure long term benefits after project withdrawal.
5
Mogobe, Serati S. "Exploring livelihood strategies employed by women street food vendors in Gaborone, Botswana." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7833.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)The informal economy has continued to increase in developing countries, giving jobs and income to marginalised groups, the majority being women. The rise of the informal sector is perpetuated by exclusionary social policies and the continued increase in unemployment. In Botswana, street food vending, the most visible form of the informal sector trading, has evolved to be a survivalist activity that women populate. Increasing poverty levels, gender inequalities, and high unemployment rates have resulted in poor urban women being vulnerable to the stresses and shocks caused by these factors. Street food vending is therefore pursued by women to mitigate their vulnerability. Additionally, street food vending allows for more flexible working hours, thus accommodating women’s community, household, and productive roles. Despite women’s substantial contribution to Botswana’s informal economy, the government has not done much to support them.
6
Musa, Agustina. "Sustainable livelihoods from fluctuating fisheries in West Java, Indonesia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268516.
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Bugri, John Tiah. "Land tenure and sustainable livelihoods in north-east Ghana." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2005. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6120/.
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Many authors have blamed African land tenure systems for the poor agricultural production and environmental degradation in sub-Saharan Africa, and therefore the resulting hunger, environmental refugees and the lack of socio-economic progress. The aim of this investigation was to investigate the customary and statutory tenure practices in north-east Ghana and their implications for agricultural production and environmental degradation and recommend ways of improving tenurial practices. The study revealed that contrary to the mainstream view that lack of security of customary land tenure is the main cause of the poor agricultural production and environmental degradation, stakeholders’ perceptions of their security of tenure was generally high. Stakeholders’ religious background, gender, levels of education, age, occupation and community membership status were important factors influencing their perceptions and attitudes to land tenure, and land and environmental management practices. Yet poor agricultural production and environmental degradation characterised the study area. Interviewees perceived the main causes to be due to non-tenurial factors including lack of finance, poor soil fertility, inadequate and unreliable rainfall, pests and diseases, inadequate farmlands, bush burning and excessive tree cutting. It was also shown in the study that women and strangers generally had little or no power and control over land use decision-making and management under customary land tenure. These findings have negative implications for tenurial conditions, environmental and livelihood sustainability in north-east Ghana since most women are involved in food production. Results of the investigation were used to develop a participatory and holistic approach to land use and management and developed an integrated framework of customary and statutory tenure as a way forward in sustainable land management and the provision of sustainable livelihoods in north-east Ghana in particular, and sub-Saharan Africa generally. The study has contributed to an understanding of the political ecology of north-east Ghana and concludes that the emerging changes in land resource access and use have conflicts as an inevitable element of the process, which broad-based stakeholder participation provides a useful solution.
8
Knutsson, Per. "Interdisciplinary knowledge integration and the sustainable livelihoods approach : case studies on rural livelihoods in Kenya and China /." Göteborg : Göteborg University, School of Global Studies, Human Ecology Section, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0611/2006411343.html.
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Tamasane, Tsiliso. "Goodbye to Projects? ¿ A livelihoods-grounded audit of the Sustainable Coastal Livelihoods Programme (SCLP) in South Africa." Bradford Centre for International Development, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3044.
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Approaches to projects and development have undergone considerable change in the
last decade with significant policy shifts on governance, gender, poverty eradication,
and environmental issues. Most recently this has led to the adoption and promotion of
the sustainable livelihood (SL) approach. The adoption of the SL approach presents
challenges to development interventions including: the future of projects and
programmes, and sector wide approaches (SWAPs) and direct budgetary support. This paper `A livelihoods-grounded audit of the Sustainable Coastal Livelihoods
Programme (SCLP)¿ is the twelfth in the series of project working papers.Department for International Development
10
Sedlmayr, A. C. "Agricultural marginalisation in Portugal : threats and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542349.
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11
Jain, Anupma. "Resettlement in the Narmada Valley : participation, gender and sustainable livelihoods." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2683/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effect of Gujarat's Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) policy of 1987 on the livelihoods of resettlers, with special reference to the impacts on women. The sample is comprised of tribals who were displaced by the Sardar Sarovar Project and had relocated mainly in the early 1990s to resettlement sites in Vadodara District, Gujarat. The main objective of the research is to determine the extent to which the R&R policy was actually implemented, the effect of the nature and degree of participation on policy implementation and the effect of policy implementation on resettlers' livelihoods. Data were collected from 370 heads of households and 89 women from six resettiement sites during 2000- 2001. About half of these selected women had participated in the R&R process and/or had received compensation under the policy. Research revealed that, through an active participation process which included enhanced awareness and information gathering, self-mobilisation and grassroots action, project-affected people acquired the right to implement choice. With support from non-govemmental organisations, they were able to incorporate three unique provisions not typical of resettiement projects elsewhere. These included: the right to five acres of replacement land, irrespective of previous land title status; choice in the selection of resettlement site and relocation unit and access to infrastructure and amenities at new resettlement sites. Contrary to most resettlement experiences elsewhere, households enjoyed substantial improvements in their living conditions post-resetdement, including a modification in gender relations as a result of smaller household sizes and modified structures. A spill over effect was also observed whereby those who had not participated directly also benefited from the policy. With support from external organisations and institutions, resettlers maintained greater control over their lives and decision-making abilities. Feelings of vulnerability and insecurity normally associated with forced resettlement were noticeably reduced.
12
Myers, Christopher Myers. "ELECTRIFICATION AS DEVELOPMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS AT MT. KASIGAU, KENYA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1497452074201553.
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13
Lanka, Sanjay. "Accounting for sustainable livelihoods : the dialectic between fairtrade and biodiversity." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20020/.
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This thesis investigates whether using agricultural biodiversity, smallholder farmers are closer to having a sustainable livelihood as compared to when they depend on promises made by Alternative Trade Organizations (ATOs) such as Fairtrade. The framework within accounting for biodiversity has not considered the loss in biodiversity and the potential role played by agricultural biodiversity in providing sustainable livelihoods. Further, studies about Fairtrade’s accountability have focused on the household when there is a need to investigate the accountability of Fairtrade at the co-operative level since the Fairtrade system mostly works with co-operatives of farmers. The main research questions of this thesis are: What does a sustainable livelihood in the coffee supply chain entail at the level of a co-operative? Does Fairtrade deliver on its promise of providing a sustainable livelihood at the level of a coffee producer co-operative? Whether and how agricultural biodiversity would affect the livelihoods of a co-operative of coffee farmers? A dialectic/historical materialist methodology is used in combination with multiple methods for a case study of a coffee co-operative in India. A theoretical framework was developed that incorporates the labour theory of value along with the science of agroecology to detail the challenges to the achievement of sustainable livelihoods. Fairtrade fails to deliver sustainable livelihoods at the level of the coffee co-operative. Agricultural biodiversity using an agroecological approach supports sustainable livelihoods to the extent of reducing the dependence on external inputs but challenges remain due to a continued dependence on corporate value chains. This thesis contributes to the literature in accounting by introducing the concept of sustainable livelihoods as a means to check the accountability of NGOs such as Fairtrade. The focus on agricultural biodiversity extends the field of accounting for biodiversity to incorporate the social and environmental impacts on agriculture.
14
Cleaver, Frances D., and Tom R. Franks. "How institutions elude design: river basin management and sustainable livelihoods." Bradford Centre for International Development, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2964.
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YesThis paper challenges ideas that it is possible to `get the institutions right¿ in the management of natural resources. It engages with the literature and policy specifying `design principles¿ for robust institutions and uses data from a river basin management project in Usangu, Tanzania, to illustrate the complexity of institutional evolution. The paper draws on emerging `post-institutionalist¿ perspectives to reject over-formalised managerial approaches in favour of those that accept the dynamic nature of institutional formation, and accommodate a variety of partial and contingent solutions. Data from Usangu suggests that external `crafting¿ is inevitably problematic because, to a certain extent, institutions elude design.
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Mdee, (nee Toner) Anna L., and Tom R. Franks. "Putting livelihoods thinking into practice: implications for development management." Bradford Centre for International Development, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2892.
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YesThe failure of `blueprint¿ development interventions to deliver substantive improvements in poverty reduction has been well recognised over the last twenty years. Process approaches seek to overcome the rigidity and top-down operation of much aid-funded intervention. Sustainable livelihoods approaches (SLA) are one of the latest additions to this family of approaches. As a theoretical framework and as a set of principles for guiding intervention, sustainable livelihoods thinking has implications for development management. Drawing on research exploring the application of sustainable livelihoods principles in ten development interventions, this paper considers how these principles have evolved from continuing debates surrounding process and people-centred (bottom-up) approaches to development management. This research suggests that whilst these principles can improve the impact made by interventions, the effective application of sustainable livelihoods and other process approaches are fundamentally restricted by unbalanced power relationships between development partners.
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Mdee, (née Toner) Anna, and Tom R. Franks. "Putting livelihoods thinking into practice: implications for development management." Bradford Centre for International Development, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3032.
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The failure of ‘blueprint’ development interventions to deliver substantive improvements in poverty reduction has been well recognised over the last twenty years. Process approaches seek to overcome the rigidity and top-down operation of much aid-funded intervention. Sustainable livelihoods approaches (SLA) are one of the latest additions to this family of approaches. As a theoretical framework and as a set of principles for guiding intervention, sustainable livelihoods thinking has implications for development management. Drawing on research exploring the application of sustainable livelihoods principles in ten development interventions, this paper considers how these principles have evolved from continuing debates surrounding process and people-centred (bottom-up) approaches to development management. This research suggests that whilst these principles can improve the impact made by interventions, the effective application of sustainable livelihoods and other process approaches are fundamentally restricted by unbalanced power relationships between development partners.BCID Working Papers: http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/bcid/research/papers/BCID_Research_Papers.php
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Salvestrin, Helen. "Sustainable livelihoods approach and community development in practice in engineering organisations /." Electronic version, 2006. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20060907.174848/index.html.
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Mandavha, Ndovhatshinyani. "Alleviating poverty and promoting sustainable livelihoods through implementing skills development programmes." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1620.
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Poverty alleviation projects are interventions designed to assist the socio-economic conditions of poor communities. This is a case study on a skills development project that has been implemented with the aim of alleviating poverty through equipping people with productive skills. The study was conducted in Lephalale, Limpopo province. It was conducted during July and August 2011. The study focuses on skills development as a poverty alleviation strategy because developing skills is essential for building human capacity. The study evaluates the effectiveness of skills development within a community that is characterised by lack of education and skills. Many rural communities fail to apprehend education and skills as a result of their location and poverty. They are isolated from cities and towns and this has an impact on their surrounding conditions including the level of skills and education. The study found that the skills development project in Lephalale played a vital role of developing skills through training community members with the skills necessary to obtain jobs and be able to create self-employment. Creating self-employment is one way to address the challenges of unemployment and the lack of income. There research found that there are various job opportunities being created in the area, however the local community cannot participate due to lack of skills required in the labour market. The study revealed the majority of the people who joined the skills development project did not complete grade 12 and have never worked.
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Ssekiziyivu, Stephene. "Land Grabbing of Smallholder Farm: A Challenge to Sustainable Rural Livelihoods." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-30867.
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Malual, Joseph Deng. "Sustainable livelihoods analysis of post-conflict rural development in southern Sudan." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Anani, Kofi Vincent. "The pursuit of politics of sustainable livelihoods, focus on governance in Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ55615.pdf.
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Lewis, Hannah Kathryn. "Hacia el ranchito Mexican immigrants, farming and sustainable rural livelihoods in Iowa /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Davis, Annabel. "Relationships between transport, mobility, sustainable livelihoods and social capital for poverty reduction." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/92340.
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Ahmed, Mohamed. "Actor-network theory, tourism organizations and the development of sustainable community livelihoods." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2899.
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Research on existing actor-networks has focused traditionally on outcomes, achievements and success at the expense of a detailed consideration of their formation and ability to function. In recognition of this lacuna, this study examined the formation and functioning of tourism-related actor-networks involved in environmental protection and the management of tourism in the coastal city of Hurghada, Egypt. More specifically, it applied the actor-network theory (ANT). In particular, the study applied its four moments of translation – problematization, interessement, enrolment and mobilization – and used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyse the influencing factors, whether positively or negatively, and the degree to which the creation and operations of such collaborations were successful. This study employed a sequential, explanatory mixed-methods design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 510 employees of tourism-related organizations involved in managing tourism’s environmental impacts on Hurghada. Also, the researcher conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews with the managers and assistant managers of tourism-related organizations involved in environmental protection and the management of tourism. The SEM’s findings revealed the existence of a number of tourism-related actor-networks which were attempting to safeguard local community livelihoods through environmental protection, and of four key factors – trust, coordination, commitment, and communication – which were damaging their formation, functioning and outcomes. This study contributed to theory since it enhanced our knowledge and understanding of the relationships between four previously unconnected bodies of literature. These were, namely, ANT, tourism-related organizations, environmental governance, collaboration, and environmental protection. The study highlighted, also, the factors, both positive and negative, which influenced the formation and functioning of tourism actor-networks involved in managing tourism’s environmental impacts on Hurghada. In practical terms, this study analysed the role of tourism-related organizations in order to identify their main strengths and weaknesses In addition, the researcher considered how partnership networks could consolidate the strengths and overcome the weaknesses of the tourism-related organizations involved in environmental protection and the management of tourism in Hurghada. Also, this study will help these tourism-related organizations, through such networks, to adopt suitable activities, policies, strategies and laws for protecting the assets relating to the local community’s livelihoods. Therefore, knowing the key success factors of collaborative networks and good governance will help these networks of tourism-related organizations to improve their performance in terms of assisting Hurghada’s local community and the poor people in particular.
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Pikirai, Kelvin Tinashe. "Eco-tourism and sustainable rural livelihoods in Hogsback, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5510.
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This study investigates the livelihoods impacts of eco-tourism in Hogsback, the extent to which local community members are effectively participating in eco-tourism activities as well as the negative implications of ecotourism in Hogsback. A qualitative research methodology was employed in order to have a deeper understanding of the issues under study. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents. In-depth semi structured interviews were used to collect data from 40 respondents and 6 key informants. The study established that eco-tourism activities help mainly individuals rather than the whole community at large and those who benefit; it improves their lives as well as benefiting the economy of the country. This study also found out that the government plays a role to promote development of ecotourism in the community, this is through infrastructure development and providing services for tourism. Lastly the study found out that there are conflicts over ownership of eco-tourism activities, limited funds in promotion of eco-tourism activities and that there is no eco-tourism development strategy. The study recommends that the government of South Africa should design and implement a comprehensive eco-tourism development strategy that puts people at the core.
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Auch, Eckhard. "Überlebensstrategien waldnutzender Familienwirtschaften im Apuseni-Gebirge, Rumänien Sustainable Livelihoods Analyse und Handlungsempfehlungen /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
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Wang, Chin-Chin. "Earthquake to ecotourism in Taiwan : Sustainable livelihoods challenges following a crisis event." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367758.
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After a major earthquake in Taiwan in 1999, the Taomi community, a rural location in
the mountainous part of the country, faced a number of livelihood impacts. But the
earthquake disaster was not only a crisis; it presented residents an opportunity to
transform their situation and solve their livelihood problems through developing
ecotourism. The development of ecotourism required experts and scholars being
invited to conduct an education and training programme to provide residents with
ecotourism industry skills and knowledge, and establish their ability to alleviate
poverty in Taomi community. This study examines the changes brought by ecotourism
to this community over the past decade using the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach.
The aim of this study is to explore and examine the relationships between the various
elements of community capital when ecotourism is used to provide sustainable
development as a solution to a crisis event.
The study adopted a theoretical framework of social constructionism, using a range of
data-collection methods to create a holistic picture of the ecotourism development in
the Taomi community. In all, 26 residents and 10 experts were interviewed, with
semi-structured and in-depth interviews, in face-to-face settings, and 3 focus group
interviews conducted (involving another 15 residents). Interviewees were interviewed
extensively; follow-up interviews were found necessary to clarify and further explore
their perceptions and attitudes. Other data was collected data through participant
observation, and examining documentary evidence, to be combined with the
interviews findings, to crystallise emergent research. The aim of this triangulation was
to better understand the whole picture of the ecotourism development in the Taomi
community after the 921 earthquake crisis.
This study uses the Sustainable Livelihood Approach and analyses the positive and
negative changes to its six forms of capital–natural, human, physical, financial, social
and cultural assets as perceived by all the interviewees from Taomi. These are
documented through the social representations of respondents. A significant finding
of this study is that a new ‘political capital’ asset should be adopted to examine
ecotourism development applying the Sustainable Livelihood Approach lens. Political
capital—essentially power and access to benefits—affected all interactions of the six
forms of capital between the NGO groups, organizations, groups, and individuals in
Taomi ecotourism development. Investigation of this element and discourses of power
are a major contribution of this thesis.
The entire Taomi ecotourism development was based on the NGO groups contributing
their human capital, conducting ecotourism education and training programmes. An
even more significant, essential factor was for the residents to identify a vision of a
better, more attractive life associated with the whole eco-village paradigm - to give
direction to and guide the various ecotourism stakeholders’ participation in and
sharing of the benefits and power brought by developing sustainable ecotourism. This
study proposes introducing a community-based ecotourism model to explain the
dynamic relationships at play between political, natural, human, physical, financial,
social and cultural capital in this ecotourism development case, and further suggests
that community trust and core values were, and remain, essential in Taomi’s adoption
of a socialist approach to developing sustainable ecotourism. It is also vitally
important that all stakeholders commit for the long-term; NGO groups should play a
continuing consultant role, particularly regarding interdisciplinary ecotourism courses
and ecotourism planning, to assist maintain a healthy ecotourism community. These
suggestions are designed to help reduce and resolve negative expressions of political
capital and move toward a fairer sharing of benefits and power among all Taomi stakeholders.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Nakiyimba, Doreen. "Poverty reduction and sustainability of rural livelihoods through microfinance institutions. : A case of BRAC Microfinance, Kakondo sub-county Rakai district Uganda." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38607.
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Microfinance is perceived to be one of the poverty alleviation mechanisms in poor countries today. This study was set out to find out what impact microfinance has on the livelihoods of women in Kakondo sub-county, Rakai district in Uganda. The reason why the focus was put on women was to find out whether these women can manage to sustain their livelihoods on a long term perspective through the process of acquiring microfinance credit. In order to find out what impact microfinance has, a group of women from the same borrowing group (all BRAC microfinance borrowers) were interviewed. As speculated, the results from the study showed that microfinance credit does really play a key role in helping the poor cope with poverty however, as microcredit on its own does not alleviate poverty, which also brings us to the fact that these women can improve their livelihoods however sustainability on a long term perspective is doubtful.
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Badejo, Adedamola Folasade. "Expanding the One Health agenda : sustainable livelihoods, zoonotic disease and gender in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25424.
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Livestock production is central to the livelihoods of millions of people in Nigeria, and indeed across the continent. Understanding how livestock based economies function and the issues that constrain them has long been an important task for actors interested in supporting rural development. In recent years, the One Health agenda has provided a new impetus for studying and tackling the interconnections between human, animal and environmental. Whilst this is welcome, it tends to be selective in its modus operandi of intersectoral collaboration as advocated. This new risk repeats the tendencies of earlier scholarship in understanding rural animal production systems as a vertical system. In particular, gender analysis of addressing the growing threats of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is lacking in One Health as evidenced in the findings from the study areas of Kachia Grazing Reserve and the Jos Plateau. There is thus a need to illustrate the importance of integrating gender equality into the One Health concept of programmes especially in pastoralist areas. Through the use of a qualitative approach of eliciting needed information by the use of a range of qualitative methods at the community and household levels, this thesis, based on three case studies provides substantial new empirical contributions to this debate. Specificially, chapter four, by exploring the strategies employed by the study population to cope with, as well as to build their resilience to the inadequacies of the Kachia Grazing Reserve, argues that these inadequacies affect gender, gender relations, and livelihoods. As a reinforcement to these assertions, chapter five explores the role of women self help groups in the KGR and argues that these self help groups could be used as instruments in propelling the One Health concept in pastoral areas like that of the KGR. Lastly, chapter six explores the effect of conflict and violence on gender, gender relations and livelihoods in the Jos Plateau and examines how timely and effective delivery of One Health could act as a conflict resolution in conflict and violence inflicted pastoralist areas of the Jos Plateau. This thesis, in a way, gives possible explanation to the reticence of gender in One Health. Thus, in recognition of the potentials of the One Health concept, and in considering the realities on ground and the importance of integrating gender equality in its programme planning and delivery, the analysis of data from the three case studies of this thesis brings into focus the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of gender analysis affects delivery of One Health programmes in local pastoralists communities.
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Susanna, Dobrota. "Diversifying livelihoods and land management : A case study on the prospects and challenges of a permaculture project in rural Las Pavas, Nicaragua." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-123844.
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The socioeconomic context of many biodiversity rich countries is argued to be heavily dwarfed in current conservation and development debate, resulting in that projects that intersect complex issues of development and conservation are often simplistically deemed as being unsuccessful. The aim of this research has therefore been to attain a more profound understanding of how socioeconomic conditions and local neoliberal contexts effect ICDP projects and to an extent also agroecological transition. In this case study ten qualitative life-story interviews were carried out during a minor field study in rural Las Pavas, Nicaragua. These were further analyzed through the use of the sustainable livelihood approach in order to identify what impacts the local socioeconomic contexts had on participant livelihoods and also what prospects and challenges C.I.P.P’s permaculture project presented in this regard. The empirical evidence shows that participant livelihoods were subjected to several constraints that were buttressed by the neoliberal development context which signified a great reliance on cattle raising as main financial activity at the expense of other important natural assets such as forest and water. Furthermore, demonstrating that permaculture projects had to provide the widest range of benefits with the least amount of risk in order to be adopted.
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Pang, Jing. "Impact of Chinese small business on sustainable livelihoods in Port Elizabeth after 1994." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020983.
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Since the advent of democracy in April 1994, the issues of economic empowerment and growth have been high on the agenda of the Government of National Unity of South Africa. In order to achieve social-economic growth, resolve wealth and asset gaps between rich and poor, decrease unemployment and meet the Millennium Development Goals, government has sought efficient mechanisms of transformation. The formation of SMMEs was put forward as a solution to solve the above problems. SMMEs play a vital role in economic development and livelihoods uplifting. The purpose of this study is to examine how Chinese SMMEs have impacted on sustainable livelihoods in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan District. The study has identified the challenges of local livelihoods in the district. The findings on the effects of Chinese SMMEs were that: (1) They have provided affordable goods and services to local people, improving livelihoods by means of reducing living costs of the local population and thus providing relief on their financial capital; (2) The vast extent of their services in the district has enlarged their network of offerings in urban, suburban and even rural settings; (3) They have enabled the poor’s access to the economic markets and services; (4) They have contributed positively to employment by providing local jobseekers with gainful employment and access to financial capital; (5) They have empowered the local employee base through training and skills transfer; (6) They have promoted knowledge and skills that have enriched local human capital and positively contributed to livelihoods; and (7) They have made a contribution to GDP and tax revenues. Revenues fed to government have helped fund welfare and public services, including in the areas of education, health care, pensions, unemployment benefits, public transportation, infrastructure and housing. These benefits have collectively contributed to the improvement of local livelihoods in the district.
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Petropoulou, Εugenia [Verfasser]. "Sustainable Livelihoods in Rural Greece? : The Case of Alagonia and Logga / Εugenia Petropoulou." München : GRIN Verlag, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1178543110/34.
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McDermott, Lindsay. "Contrasting livelihoods in the upper and lower Gariep River basin: a study of livelihood change and household development." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007147.
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This study investigated rural livelihoods in two contrasting environments in the upper and lower reaches of the Gariep River: Sehlabathebe in the Lesotho highlands, and the Richtersveld in the Northern Cape, and how these have changed over time. Livelihoods were examined using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework in conjunction with the household development cycle. This study therefore adopted a multi-scale approach, where a micro-level household analysis was framed within the macro level social, political, environmental, economic and institutional context, while taking into account the role of temporal scale of livelihood change. A multi-scale approach facilitated the identification of the major drivers of change, both exogenous and endogenous. The combination of livelihood strategies pursued differed between the two sites. Households in Sehlabathebe are reliant mainly on arable and garden cultivation, livestock in some households, occasional remittances, use of wild resources, petty trading and reliance on donations. Households in the Richtersveld relied primarily on livestock, wage labour, use of wild resources and State grants or pensions. The livelihood strategies pursued in each site have not changed markedly over time, but rather the relative importance of those strategies was found to have changed. The assets available to households, the livelihood strategies adopted and the changes in these livelihood strategies are influenced by a households stage in the development cycle and differing macro-level factors. Drivers of change operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales, and are often complex and interrelated. The major drivers of livelihood change were identified as macro-economic, demographic, institutional and social and climatic. This study highlights the importance of using historical analysis in the study of livelihoods, as well as the complexity and diversity of rural livelihoods. Ecosystem goods and services were found to play a fundamental role in rural livelihoods and are influenced by institutional factors. Rural households are heavily reliant on the formal economy, and macro-economic changes have had a significant impact on livelihoods. This is highlighted by how the drastic decline in migrant labour opportunities for households in Sehlabathebe has negatively affected them. Vulnerability was shown to be a result of external shocks and trends, such as institutional transformation, a decline in employment opportunities, theft and climatic variation; and differed between the two sites. The role of institutional breakdown was shown to be a major factor influencing rural livelihoods, and this is related to broader economic and political changes. This study contributes to the growing literature on rural livelihoods by allowing for an appreciation of how differing environments and contextual factors influence livelihood strategies adopted, and which different factors are driving change.
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Gammage, Louise Carin. "Considering one's option when the fish leave: a case study of the traditional commercial handline fishery of the Southern Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15479.
Full textAbstract:
Today, many pressures (socio-economic, resource scarcity, policy, and regulation) make fishers and their communities vulnerable on a variety of fronts. These pressures threaten fishing communities along the South African coast. Both natural and social changes in the traditional handline fishery affect the social-ecological system of a region as a whole. Fishers need to cope with these local global changes and require systems that support their strategies to achieve resilience. Furthermore, stressors that drive variability in the fishery system occur on multiple temporal and spatial scales thereby exposing fishers and communities to multiple stressors. The impact and interplay of these stressors at multiple scales need to be taken into account to develop a clear understanding of social-ecological linkages if sustainable livelihoods are to be promoted and guaranteed. There is however a shortage of appropriately scaled, context-specific data that is needed to inform various decision-making processes. To this end, participant-led research was conducted in six communities in the Southern Cape, where 50 participants were interviewed over a period of 6 months in 2013/2014. The interviews were an attempt to gather and record perceptions and knowledge regarding stressors that are responsible for the social- ecological system and ultimately affect the fishers' ability to fish successfully. Based on this knowledge, the research was aimed at gaining insight into what strategies are currently employed to ensure sustainable livelihoods. The data presented does not only offer valuable insights into the day-to-day experiences of the group of fishers, but also expose various knowledge gaps that exist in micro-scale interactions that influence the fishery system. This is achieved by first providing an analysis of various stressors, which include the impacts and responses to climate variability, challenges presented by policy and regulatory frameworks, social and economic considerations, challenges presented by infrastructure and political considerations. The adaptation, coping, and reaction strategies implemented are analysed using a place-based context and variability of strategies employed between each specific place is discussed. Apart from highlighting knowledge gaps, the development of a more complete understanding of current reacting, coping and adaptive strategies as well as the drivers behind the decisions contained in this thesis, provides valuable insight into a fishery system that is not well-described which underscores the need for context-specific research at smaller scales.
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Dryland, Rhonda Kathleen. "Exploring household food insecurity through the livelihoods framework." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212522/1/Rhonda_Dryland_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis used the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to explore the lived experience of women with children living with household food insecurity in south-east Queensland. The research was a phenomenological, qualitative longitudinal study that involved women from diverse economic backgrounds with a variety of household structures. The thesis identified that women used food and financial strategies that were pragmatic and were willing to sacrifice their self-identity in order to maintain social identity. The research highlighted that food insecurity in high income countries is a complex condition that involves a range of trade-offs that focus on maintaining household livelihoods.
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MacCallum, Cathryn Sian. "Sustainable livelihoods to adaptive capabilities : a global learning journey in a small state, Zanzibar." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021711/.
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This thesis takes global learning out of the formal setting of a Northern classroom to a rural community setting in the Global South as a social learning process. It begins with a critical reflection of a large EU project to develop a global learning programme as a Global North South initiative. The focus narrows to Zanzibar, a small island state, to critically reflect on the delivery of the programme. And then further to focus on the global social learning and change that occurred in a rural community setting in the north of the island. Through participatory action research, I investigate the relevance of global learning as a social learning process, how norms and rules are shaped within a community setting and how these enable social change towards sustainable livelihoods. The thesis splices the intersection between critical and social theories of learning and engagement, to include critical social theories of Habermas (1984) and Wals (2007); critical race theories of Giroux (1997) and Said (1994) and distributive justice and entitlements theories of Sen (1997) and Moser (1998). It demonstrates the importance of dissonance and a safe space for deliberative dialogue, to be able to consider the global pressures and forces on local realities as the precursor to social change towards sustainability. I conclude by relating the learning from this small island state to the wider world and the current discourse on quality of education in a community development context.
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Abane, Henrietta. "Sustainable rural livelihoods and women's access to resources in a southern Ghanaian forest community." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/758/.
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This thesis examines the organization of livelihoods in a forest reserve fringe community in south western Ghana. Livelihoods in these communities have been organized within three main contexts. These are community vulnerabilities of increasing population, decreasing soil fertility and poor infrastructural development; commoditisation of agriculture to incorporate cocoa and oil palm production for export and industry; and forest reservation and logging policies. The above processes have dwindled the community's livelihood base most particularly farmland and non-timber forest products, changed the mode of production towards greater diversification of livelihood activities into non-farm income sources, transformed customary livelihood activities and their organization, community structures and institutions and promoted social differentiation and class formation. Community livelihood activities and organization have transformed to incorporate elements of cooperation, mutual support and interdependence as well as exploitation, marginalization and conflict. Customary production relations that involved communal rights of tenure have changed to land sales, renting and share cropping. This change had reduced the security of tenure and therefore the social protection offered by customary production relations. Although community laws and taboos, District Assembly rent and market toll policies, interpretation and enforcement of forestry regulations by forestry officials, state agricultural policies and bank regulations mediated livelihood activities and resource access, it was the micro-political production relations of exploitation that appeared to be more important in ensuring access to resources. The social relations of production presented winners and losers in both categories of women and men. Women have had increased work burdens compared with their male counterparts as well as less access to resources, although amongst the group of women' some have had more access than others. Cleavages have appeared within the community as a result of resentments and tensions and these have a capacity to disintegrate social structures.
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Whittingham, Emma Wynne. "Sites of practice : negotiating sustainability and livelihoods in rural Cambodia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/107420.
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In literature and popular discourse sustainable development debates have a habit of polarizing around conflicting understandings. On the one hand sustainable development is interpreted as an extension of dominant neoliberal agendas, on the other it is constructed as an alternative to the mainstream. This thesis works through these positions, to argue for an understanding of sustainable development in the spaces between; where hegemony and counterhegemony slip and slide, collide, disrupt and confuse. It is a thesis about the entanglements of sustainable development policy; a study in which I contend that sustainable development is best understood through the multiple sites of practice where policy is enacted. Drawing upon notions of messiness and bringing together actor-orientated sociology and livelihoods approaches, I explore sustainable development as it is negotiated through networks of actors and livelihoods in rural Cambodia. Specifically, I present a study of two projects implementing community fisheries as an instrument of sustainable development policy in two remote provinces of Cambodia. It is a study about the different actors responsible for implementing each project, as well as the life worlds of rural villagers affected by them. Through an in-depth analysis grounded in the diverse realities of people in particular places, I uncover the struggles through which sustainable development is negotiated. I expose a policy interpreted through multiple, overlapping simplifications and assumptions and uncover how these are simultaneously produced, recirculated, contested and transformed in practice. Significantly, I highlight the destabalising consequences of a policy which attempts to legislate away diversity or difference. Thus, I reveal the possibility of alternative realities finding expression through spaces otherwise characterised by domination.
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Hall, Elin. "Sustainable forests: A strategy for climate change adaptation and mitigation? : A case study from Babati District, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2719.
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This Bachelor‟s thesis aims at explaining the relationship between forests and climate change, a subject that has been given a lot of attention in environmental discussions in recent years, particularly because forests are a source of carbon dioxide emissions and in the same time have the potential to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration. However, with the importance of mitigation as a background, the focus of this study is on adaptation. The purpose is to identify mutual benefits from the diverse forest ecosystems, and examine the possible benefits from forests to the rural poor population in Tanzania, in a future scenario of increased vulnerability to climate change. The methodology for the study can be divided into two parts, one qualitative literature study and one field study in Babati District northern Tanzania, limited to interviews and excursions. This thesis gives details about the scientific projections and local perceptions of climate change and the effects of climate change. The results of the thesis highlights the importance of sustainably managed forests and agroforestry systems, which have been successful in Babati through local participation; economic incentives such as carbon credit and other payments for ecosystem services, which is a possible future extension of forestry activities; and increased integration between sectors, which make sure that adaptation within different sectors can be done simultaneously.
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Cooper, D., I. Goldman, J. Marumo, and Anna L. Toner. "Goodbye to Projects? - Review of Livelihoods Approaches and Development Interventions in South Africa." Bradford Centre for International Development, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3035.
Full textAbstract:
Approaches to projects and development have undergone considerable change in the last decade with significant policy shifts on governance, gender, poverty eradication, and environmental issues. Most recently this has led to the adoption and promotion of the sustainable livelihood (SL) approach. The adoption of the SL approach presents challenges to development interventions including: the future of projects and programmes, and sector wide approaches (SWAPs) and direct budgetary support. This paper `An Appraisal of the use of livelihoods approaches in South Africa¿ is the second in the series of project working papers. This is the output of a literature review and series of interviews on sustainable livelihood approaches, projects, programmes and sector wide approaches in South Africa.Department for International Development
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Nilsson, Wilda. "Spatiality of Livelihood Strategies : the Reciprocal Relationships between Space and Livelihoods in the Tibetan Exile Community in India." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1365.
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Research on livelihoods has been conducted across various fields but there has been less focus upon detection and analyzing of the interconnected relationships between space and livelihoods. This study investigates these relationships from a place-specific point of view utilizing the Tibetan exile community in India as a case study. The qualitative method of semi-structured, in-depth interviews has been employed in order to gather primary data. Theoretically, this thesis draws it framework mainly from the human geography perspective on space and place combined with the conceptual Sustainable Livelihood framework. This thesis argues that it is possible to distinguish four examples of reciprocal relationships between space and livelihoods in the places studied. These are spatial congregation into an ethnic enclave, the altering of place specific time-space relations which in turn alters livelihood possibilities over time, migration and spatial dispersion of livelihoods. These results are case specific and not generalizable.Forskning kring försörjningsmöjligheter har utförts inom en rad vetenskapliga fält men få har fokuserat på att finna och analysera ömsesidiga relationer mellan space och försörjningsstrategier. Denna studie undersöker dessa relationer med en plats-specifik utgångspunkt och använder det tibetanska exilsamhället i Indien som fallstudie. Den kvalitativa metoden semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer har använts för att samla in primärdata. Uppsatsen drar sitt teoretiska ramverk från det samhällsgeografiska perspektiven på space och place i kombination med det konceptuella ramverket Sustainable Livelihood framework. Uppsatsen menar att det är möjligt att särskilja fyra exempel på de ömsesidiga relationerna mellan space och försörjningsstrategier. Dessa är rumslig ansamling i en etniska enklav, förändringar i platsspecifika tid-rum relationer vilket påverkar försörjningsmöjligheter över tid, migration och rumslig spridning av försörjning. Dessa resultat anses vara fallspecifika och därför inte möjliga att generalisera.
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Gugwini, Khululwa. "Sustainable livelihoods in a new housing development : the case of Kuyga, Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020300.
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The study was undertaken to satisfy the following objectives of the research study: To determine the livelihoods of residents of a low income housing development; To assess the role played by the local economic development initiatives in the Kuyga community; and To make recommendations regarding policies and actions that could reduce the unemployment rate and create sustainable and viable livelihoods for the Kuyga community in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. To note, what triggered the researcher to undertake the study, are the high levels of unemployment, poverty and poor monitoring of the local economic initiatives within the area. In this study, the researcher explores the livelihoods of the Kuyga community and the opportunities for creating more sustainable and viable livelihoods. Attention is drawn to Government policies, Local economic Development as well as Integrated Development Plans of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, simultaneously realising that the South African government cannot work in isolation to deliver all the community needs effectively as expected.
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Morontse, Suzan-Pricilla. "The impact of urban renewal projects for enhanced sustainable livelihoods in Soweto / Suzan Pricilla Morontse." Thesis, North West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12820.
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The study basically deals with the impact of Urban Renewal Programme (URP) in
Soweto. URP is part of a national urban renewal strategy, which focuses on areas of
greatest deprivation, including investment in economic and social infrastructure, human
resource development, enterprise development, the enhancement of the development
capacity of local government, poverty alleviation and the strengthening of the criminal
justice system. URP was spearheaded as a local economic development initiative to
reinvent andre-image Soweto. South African cities have inherited a dysfunctional urban environment with skewed settlement patterns that are functionally inefficient and costly, there are huge service infrastructure backlogs in historically underdeveloped areas. Approximately 58% of the South African population lives in urban areas. Thousands of people from around the world and South Africa flocked to Johannesburg to seek their fortunes and to offer their labour. As the gold mining industry developed, more than half the population lived in mine compounds; other workers had to find their own accommodation often in appalling conditions. In Soweto, the demand for labour led to urban decay caused by the development of informal settlements in vacant land and vandalism of public places. The hypothesis for the study was as follows: the increasing factors caused by urban decay in Soweto makes urban renewal projects a necessary tool to enhance sustainable development. To realise the objectives of this study, literature study and as well as an empirical research was employed. The empirical research comprised the use of questionnaires to examine the perceptions of residents based on the impact of URP in Soweto. The research findings revealed that: * URP plays an important role in developing the lives of Soweto residents; * The capacitation of the SMMEs played a role in the local business industry; and * • Public participation is lacking. Members of the communities are not aware of the intended goals and objectives. The study also provides recommendations to enable local authorities to fast-track URP initiatives and for further research.M. Development and Management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010
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Edaku, Charles. "Rural-urban interactions for sustainable livelihoods : a case of commuters in Bugisu region, Eastern Uganda." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20119/document.
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Cette étude est fondée sur le fait que la croissance urbaine a accru les niveaux d'interaction entre le rural et l'urbain dans les pays en voie de développement. Ces interactions jouent un rôle significatif dans l'amélioration des moyens d'existence, en particulier pour les banlieusards. L'objectif général de cette étude est d'analyser cet état de fait. L'étude contribue à la compréhension des moyens d'exitence à travaers les frontières spatiales et sectorielles. L'étude examine les formes d'activités, cherchant à définir l'influence des facteurs politiques et des stratégies des ménages. L'étude a été menée dans la région de Bugisu à l'est de l'Ouganda et couvre cinq districts du "grand" Mbale : Mbale, Manafa, Budduda et Sironko. L'étude a mobilisé des méthodes de collecte d'information et d'analyse à la fois qualitative et quantitative. Parmi les principales conclusions, on constate que le Bugisu rural a des liens plus importants avec les centres urbains. La ville de Mbale, une des plus vieilles villes de la région, sert de hub au Bugisu concentrant 69% des activités de navette, qui dans la région, sont fortement influencées par la pression sur la terre, les conditions du marché, les relations de voisinage, la capacité des ménages et les différents moyens accessibles aux banlieusards, ainsi que l'augmentation de la pauvreté dans les zones rurales. Une politique délibérée devrait être mise en place pour soutenir les conditions d'existence des populations et réduire le coût du businessThis study is premised on the understanding that rising trends of urbanisation have led to increasing levels of interactionsbetween rural and urban settings and vice versa across the developing world. It is also envisioned that, rural-urban interactions play a significant role in supporting livelihoods especially of commuters. The overall objective of the study was to analyse the role of rural-urban interactions in supporting livelihoods of the commuters in Bugisu region. The study contributes to the understanding of livelihoods across spatial and sectoral boundaries looking at the synergistic coexistencefound between rural and urban and urban and rural settings. The study examined patterns of interaction and commuting activities in Bugisu region, looking at the influence of policy factors on commuting activities and commuter livelihoods strategies. The key concern was to establish a “fit” between rural-urban interaction and their potential for sustainable livelihoods. This study was conducted in Bugisu region, eastern Uganda covering the five districts of the then greater Mbale namely; Mbale, Manafa, Budduda and Sironko. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis.In examining patterns of interaction and commuting activities in Bugisu, the studynotes that rural Bugisu relates more closely with its urban centres. Mbale town, one of the oldest towns in the region serves as the hub of Bugisu region with, 69% of commuting activities in the area centred in it
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Franks, Tom R. "Goodbye to Projects? - A livelihoods-grounded audit of the Sustainable Management of the Usangu Wetland and its Catchment (SMUWC) project in Tanzania." Bradford Centre for International Development, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3040.
Full textAbstract:
NoApproaches to projects and development have undergone considerable change in the last decade with significant policy shifts on governance, gender, poverty eradication, and environmental issues. Most recently this has led to the adoption and promotion of the sustainable livelihood (SL) approach. The adoption of the SL approach presents challenges to development interventions including: the future of projects and programmes, and sector wide approaches (SWAPs) and direct budgetary support.This paper `A livelihoods-grounded audit of the Sustainable Management of the Usangu Wetland Catchment (SMUWC) project in Tanzania¿ is the eighth in the series of project working papers.
Department for International Development
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Martel, Catherine. "Imagining Alternative Agro-Food Systems in Mexico: A Case Study on Food Sovereignty and the Traspatio Oaxaqueño Initiative." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34632.
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The transnational network La Vía Campesina (LVC) coined the term ‘food sovereignty’, which has been appropriated by many actors seeking alternatives to the neoliberal food regime. Traspatio Oaxaqueño (TO) is a small initiative seeking to revitalize backyard agriculture and the role of women in local food systems. While TO leaders do not explicitly claim to be pursuing food sovereignty, the initiative promotes some of its key principles: (1) the empowerment of women from economically vulnerable families, by increasing their access to productive resources; (2) the preservation of the right to healthy and culturally appropriate food; and (3) the use of ecologically, socially and economically sustainable methods. Despite the fact that the initiative does not deeply challenge the neoliberal food regime, it contributes to the collective organizing and politicization of marginalized actors, allowing them to gain greater autonomy and to eventually reclaim control over food systems.
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Goldman, I., Tom R. Franks, Anna L. Toner, David Howlett, Faustin Kamuzora, F. Muhumuza, and T. Tamasane. "Goodbye to Projects? Briefing Paper 2: The Application of the SL Principles." Thesis, Bradford Centre for International Development, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2911.
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YesThis briefing paper reports on research exploring ten detailed case studies of livelihoods-oriented interventions operating in Tanzania, South Africa, Uganda and Lesotho. As a proxy for best practice, these interventions were analysed through an audit of sustainable livelihood `principles¿. This revealed general lessons about both the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions and also about the changing format of development interventions.
Department for International Development.
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Corcoran, B. J. "Sustainable rural livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in Swaziland : an integrated conservation and Natural Resource Management approach as an alternative livelihood strategy for Swazi Nation Land." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4839.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography : p.111-114.This dissertation, in taking a holistic approach, seeks to use the Shewula community initiative as a pilot project for establishing more effective biodiversity conservation and natural resource management initiatives/programmes on Swazi Nation Land (SNL). A new conceptual framework is proposed for integrating community-based conservation (CBC) and community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) on SNL Swaziland, namely Managed Natural Environments (MNEs). The dissertation concludes that an integrated CBC-CBNRM programme should be promoted as an innovative and essential aspect of the Swaziland Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP).
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Rehberger, Bescos Irene. "Sustainable Livelihood Analysis of an Irrigation Project in Ta Haen, Cambodia." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4395.
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This study examines potential livelihood outcomes from a recently established irrigation project in Ta Haen, Cambodia, in a sustainable livelihoods framework. The aim of this SAUCE irrigation project is to provide water for drinking and irrigation purposes with the goal of enhancing food by producing an extra rice harvest, the staple, per year. Field research conducted in December 2011 provided qualitative data from questionnaires, key informant interviews, and participant and direct observation, in addition to quantitative data from water quality analysis focusing on arsenic (a potential risk), pH, EC and temperature. Most of the people in the village did not obtain an extra rice harvest in this first year of the project. However, they did plant other crops along the Ta Haen riverbanks. Average arsenic concentration was 32 ppb, above WHO guideline value (10 ppb). However, dose response data is uncertain at levels below 50 ppb, which makes river water use acceptable given that this is a major water source for the community. Preliminary results suggest that project sustainability and positive livelihood outcomes depend upon improving overall agricultural and water management practices by addressing quality issues, rationing water, and removing invasive water hyacinths that affect water quantity.
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Axelsson, Karin, and Hanna Blomquist. "Local Livelihoods in a changing world : A minor field study from Bagamoyo, Tanzania." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227519.
Full textAbstract:
Bagamoyo area in Tanzania is a place full of potential for development and big projects are about to start. A few kilometres outside of Bagamoyo town, the small place Makurunge is situated. Since Makurunge is located close to a big sugar cane project that is about to start and it is included in a development plan of Bagamoyo township, it will possibly be facing many changes in a near future. This thesis aims to explore the local livelihoods in Makurunge with focus on the local population’s perceptions concerning their present lives, visions and constraints. These thoughts are discussed together with the possible future impacts from the development projects in the area. To explore the objectives with this thesis a qualitative field study in Tanzania has been done. Semi-structured interviews, informal talks and focus group discussions have been done with local people in Makurunge. Interviews with people working at the district office, for the government and some NGOs in the area have been held. The results show that the livelihood situation in Makurunge is difficult and people want to improve their lives. Many people are small-scale farmers or charcoal producers, dependent of natural resources and their physical strength. Some also have small businesses and the economical situation is very hard for everyone. Bad roads, low education and lack of job opportunities together with limited access to modern tools, have been identified as obstacles for them to pursue good livelihoods. The presumed changes from the developments in the area could possibly contribute to a more active community with more money flow and an improved infrastructure. Together with empowerment and greater knowledge the people could hopefully get a more sustainable livelihood situation in the future.