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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sustainable solid waste management'
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Babanawo, Raymond. "Constraints to sustainable solid waste management in Ghana." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=984500952.
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Raglin, Kala N. "A model for sustainable solid waste management through an analysis of Chicago, Illinois solid waste management systems." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16238.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Sheri Smith
America’s landfill space is quickly depleting as the population continues to experience rapid growth; as the population grows the amount of daily waste generated increases at an alarming as well. In fact, by the year 2024, America would have exhausted all land areas dedicated to landfills. Currently, nationwide mandated regulations or standards to decrease the amount generated solid waste, construction waste, composting waste, or reducing waste at the source; do not exists. The following report researches effective practices that would make a waste management system sustainable. In order to rate the sustainability of the management system, a score sheet was created drawing from literature written. By creating a score sheet, individual waste management systems are able to determine if they are indeed sustainable and/or in need of improvement. The City of Chicago, Illinois, was chosen as the city to be measured and has proven to have a promising future as a prototype in effective sustainable waste management practices.
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Wong, Wai-ling, and 黃慧玲. "A sustainable municipal solid waste management for Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254792.
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Heidrich, Oliver. "Exploratory study of sustainable industrial solid waste management systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427321.
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Wong, Wai-ling. "A sustainable municipal solid waste management for Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22264358.
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Sörbom, Johanna, and Alia Gasim. "Solid Waste Management at Inhaca Island." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-242103.
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Solid Waste Management has become an issue of increasing global concern. As the population continues to grow and consumption patterns change municipal authorities are facing immense challenges to manage the increasing amounts of solid waste in a sustainable way. This report is composed by interviews, observations and literary studies and aims to map the Solid Waste Management system of Inhaca Island in Mozambique, in order to identify challenges and recommend for further actions of improvement. At Inhaca Island, waste is deposited on an open dumpsite or otherwise buried or burned around the house yards. The lack of financial means contributes to an improper waste management on the with challenges in areas such as collecting, disposal and treatment of waste. For Inhaca Island it is important to focus on improvements of the Solid Waste Management system that are not as dependent on the financial means of Maputo municipality, such as improvement in public awareness and informal waste-picking. These factors need to be addressed before establishing a technical system. Inadequate collection and handling of waste exposes the population to hazardous waste and endanger both public health and the environment. Therefore it is important to improve the waste management conditions on the island.I samband med att populationen ökar världen över och att konsumtionsmönstren förändras har olika kommunala myndigheter svårigheter med att hantera avfallshanteringen på ett hållbart sätt. Syftet med denna rapport är att kartlägga avfallshanteringen på Inhaca Island i Mozambique samt att identifiera olika svårigheter och att rekommendera potentiella framtidslösningar för det aktuella systemet. Datainsamlingen har gjorts genom intervjuer, observationer och litteraturstudier. Avfallet på Inhaca Island transporteras till en öppen dump-plats eller grävs ner eller bränns på befolkningens bakgårdar. Bristen på finansiellt stöd bidrar till en olämplig avfallshantering och därför är det viktigt att Inhaca Island fokuserar på förbättringar som inte är beroende av höga finansiella kostnader såsom information till allmänheten och den informella avfalls-plockningen. Dessa faktorer måste bli täckta innan ett tekniskt system implementeras. Det är viktigt att förbättra avfallshanteringen på ön då en bristande avfallshantering utsätter både människor och miljön för olika risker.
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Masood, Maryam. "Sustainable municipal solid waste management : challenges and solutions for Pakistan." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709270.
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Deku, Pearl Sika. "An Assessment of Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Accra-Ghana." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2649.
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Despite the vast research on options to improve solid waste management (SWM) in developing countries, little has been done to evaluate these possible improvements. This study assesses Ghana’s Community Participation and Public Awareness Program (CPPAP) for SWM through qualitative interviews comprising of 81 community members living in three different Communities -Kanda, Asylum Down, and Nima all in the Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA), Ghana. In addition, four officials were interviewed, and an activity worksheet for Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, & Threat (SWOT) analysis was developed based on responses from the study community members and officials. Participants were asked to identify implementation plans for SWM at different levels of government. Results indicated that community members and officials do not have expert knowledge of existing local and national laws for managing waste in Ghana. Study participants were also asked what targets are achieved with CPPAP; the study observed that community members have a good comprehension of SWM and are actively involved in managing waste. Notwithstanding that, enforcement of the listed guidelines to CPPAP has not been effective primarily due to lack of resources. Furthermore, to identify community members’ and policymakers’ viewpoints regarding SWM, the study found that the greater support of the local government and all stakeholders is needed in managing waste. The study identified significant threats and weaknesses of the CPPAP that include political interference and a lack of resources that can be overcome by strengths and opportunities, including community mobilization, employment opportunities. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on assessing implementation programs and policies for solid waste management in developing countries. Stakeholders of solid waste management will also benefit from the challenges unveiled in the study regarding waste management implementation plans and policies from governments.
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Croset, Elliott. "Opportunities and challenges of a Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Tsumeb, Namibia." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155386.
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The handling of wastes is an eternal problem, all societies are confronted to this issue. Their origins are very diverse, they could come from industrial activities, power production, shops, retail or household for instance. While in developed countries the collection is generally efficient and the disposal safe, the situation in developing countries is different. The municipal budget does not allow the construction of advanced and expensive methods of disposal and the collection suffer from the age of vehicles. This generalisation is nevertheless not totally truth as the situation is extremely depend on the country but also of the city considered. Each city will need to adapt its waste management according to its size, climate, wealth, culture, etc... This report will focus on a Namibian medium town, Tsumeb. The aim is to be able to draw a clear picture of the waste management currently achieved. When the situation is well known, new directions to make Tsumeb refuse management more sustainable can be decided. Implementing progressively an integrated waste management (IWM) is a solution to the waste problem as it is considering economic, social and environmental impacts. A waste characterization was done in order to know the exact amount and composition of the waste generated in Tsumeb to implement afterwards the most suitable solution. The refuse of Tsumeb are surprisingly very similar to high income country. Moreover the stakeholders involved in recycling were investigated. A small informal sector is already making a living by recycling a few materials as glass bottle and cans. There is also a possibility to include extra stakeholder in the recycling process in Tsumeb. Recycling companies, recycling organization or investors are also important stakeholder who can be include in Tsumeb recycling plan. Developing recycling in Tsumeb is facing some challenges but it is also full of opportunities. The main issue when it comes to recycling in Namibia is the long transportation distances what makes it expensive. Furthermore, most of the recovered materials have to be sent in South Africa because Namibia does not possess the necessary industries to recycle paper and glass for instance. On another hand the presence in Tsumeb of a small informal sector already working with waste is promising. The workers could be more organized and the municipality can also helping them with logistic and storage to improve the recycling done. The dump site will also be close within the next years and a new sanitary landfill will be open. It will be a great opportunity to implement a recycling facility on site. Informal workers working on the landfill will be more controlled, to avoid for instance children labour. Some stricter health and safety measure can be decided, to give better working condition to the informal manpower. The development of recycling activities in Tsumeb will be highly beneficial to the community. It will create jobs for the poorest part of the population, decrease the cost of the waste management, reduce the pollution and stimulate the local economy.
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Read, Adam David. "National strategy, local practice and the solid waste management gap? : a local authority management perspective on sustainable solid waste management in the UK." Thesis, Kingston University, 2001. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20688/.
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Solid waste management is a field of great diversity and dynamism throughout Europe. Over the last 30 years waste and its management has become a significant environmental risk and an area of growing political importance in the UK. This has been paralleled by developments in European policy and standards linking the environment with the economy and society as the three pillars of sustainability. This thesis examines some of the developments in solid waste management and practice in the UK, using a range of techniques (surveys, case studies, interviews etc.) to analyse changing policy strands and their implications at the local scale where waste management is so evident and important as a municipal service or utility. The development of sustainable waste management (that which does not impinge upon future generations) is now a primary policy field of the current Labour Government, and the amount of consultation, policy and guidance documents published over the last 4 years pays credence to this. This thesis will utilise this political and strategic backdrop to describe and evaluate changes in local service provision (waste bins, recycling collections, frequency and coverage etc.) and local strategies. It is suggested by this research that for all the developments in waste management policy and guidance at the national scale, little has filtered through to new activities at the local scale (through district, borough, unitary or county councils). This is attributed to lack of financial and staff resources to implement the necessary changes, lack of flexibility in terms of existing contractual arrangements and the inability of the authority to engage the public in the new services on offer. This thesis deals with the reasons for this general lack of action, and uses case studies to illuminate where positive contributions to local policy and practice have occurred. Through the series of related papers presented in this thesis, drawn together from the research programme over the last 5 years, an assessment of what has worked and why is provided in terms of sustainable solid waste management policy and subsequent practice. By learning from these examples more local development, in terms of public acceptability, economic affordability and environmental sustainability, is expected in the coming decade. Through an examination of the landfill tax credit scheme, waste minimisation project clubs and the Recycling Roadshow public education campaign a flavour of what can be achieved in terms of solid waste management is provided. These examples highlight how the most common barriers to successful policy implementation (the public, the finances, and the political will) can be overcome at the local scale. This research has made a significant contribution to the current debate in the UK on the path towards improved sustainability in waste management services (as noted by the number of articles that have been published and the author's input to international conferences) and has provided evidence for local councils in justifying decisions relating to their service provision and policy development (through the author's continuing consultancy record).
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Ai, Ning. "Challenges of sustainable urban planning: the case of municipal solid waste management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44926.
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This study aims to demonstrate the critical role of waste management in urban sustainability, promote planners' contribution to proactive and efficient waste management, and facilitate the integration of waste management into mainstream sustainability planning.
With anticipated increases in population and associated waste generation, timely and effective waste management highlights one of the most critical challenges of sustainable development, which calls for meeting "the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (WCED, 1987). Waste management in urban areas plays a particularly important role, given that waste generated from urban areas are often exported out of the region for processing and treatment, and the impacts of waste disposal activities may pass on to the other jurisdictions, and even to the next generations. An urban system cannot be sustainable if it requires more resources than it can produce on its own and generates more wastes than the environment can assimilate.
The current waste management practice, which focuses on short-term impacts and end-of-pipe solutions, is reactive in nature and inadequate to promote sustainability within urban systems, across jurisdictions, and across generations. Through material flows in and out of urban systems, many potential opportunities exist to reduce waste generation and to minimize the negative impacts on the environment, the economy, and the society. City planners' involvement in waste management, however, has been largely limited to siting waste management facilities.
Linking waste management with three important lenses in planning-land use, economic development, and environmental planning, this study investigates the impacts of urban growth on waste management activities, the need of transforming the reactive nature of current waste management, and the challenges and opportunities that planners should address to promote urban systems' self-reliance of material and waste management needs.
This study includes three empirical analyses to complement theoretical discussions. First, it connects waste statistics with demographic data, geographic characteristics, and policy instruments at the county level to examine whether waste volume can be decoupled from urban population growth. Second, it examines the life cycle costs of different waste management options and develops a simulation study to seek cost-effective strategies for long-term waste management. Third, it compiles evidence of geographic-specific characteristics related to waste management and demonstrates why waste management policies cannot be one-size-fit-all.
This study finds that, with successful implementation of strategic policy design, waste generation and its associated impacts can be decoupled from population and urban growth. Good lessons about waste reduction programs can be learned from different communities. Meanwhile, this study also reveals various challenges facing communities with heterogeneous characteristics, such as housing density, building age, and income. Accordingly, this study discusses the potential opportunities for planners to contribute to community-specific waste management programs, the prospect of transforming waste management practice from a cost burden to a long-term economic development strategy, and the need to incorporate waste management into the sustainable urban planning agenda.
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Mgwebi, Alicia Zoliswa. "Effects of poor solid waste management on sustainable development in informal settlement." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021135.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of poor solid waste disposal on a sustainable environment/development in the Mzamomhle urban informal settlement. According to Coffey & Coad, (2010) informal or squatter urban communities pay no municipal taxes, because of their informal status, and this fact has often been used as the principal argument against providing these communities with municipal services.
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Spamer, Ernus. "An investigation into sustainable solid waste management alternatives for the Drakenstein Municipal Area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/944.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this research report is to investigate sustainable alternative solid waste management methods for the Drakenstein Municipal Area in particular and South African municipalities in general. The point of departure is that landfilling alone is not sustainable and that alternative and/or complementary methods are required. Current solid waste management policies and practices in various countries all over the world are investigated in order to understand the global context of municipal solid waste management. The development of solid waste management in both developed and developing countries is considered in order to appreciate the different approaches and legal frameworks underpinning each approach. Several solid waste treatment methods, both established and advanced, are considered before the development of solid waste management in South Africa since 1992 is reviewed. An important aspect of evaluating alternatives is the identification of relevant stakeholders, key drivers for success and the constraints. An important conclusion reached in the research is that the lack of funding and the inherent inability of most municipalities in South Africa to render even basic municipal services currently make the introduction of advanced solid waste treatment methods non-sustainable. It is therefore suggested that the newly developed legal framework underpinning solid waste management in South Africa, be implemented in such a manner that all stakeholders are involved in the implementation of the basic principles of the waste hierarchy. The author believes that the introduction of technologically advanced waste treatment and disposal options will be premature if the basics of the waste hierarchy are not practiced by all.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie navorsingsverslag is ‘n ondersoek na volhoubare, alternatiewe vaste afvalbestuursmetodes vir Suid-Afrikaanse munisipaliteite in die breë en die Drakenstein Munisipaliteit in die besonder. Die basiese uitganspunt is dat vaste afvalstorting alleen nie volhoubaar is nie en dat alternatiewe/komplementêre metodes nodig word. Die vaste afvalbestuursbeleid en –praktyke wat tans wêreldwyd gevolg word, word ondersoek met die doel om die globale konteks daarvan beter te verstaan. Die ontwikkeling van vaste afvalbestuur in beide ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande word nagevors sodat die verskillende benaderings en wetlike raamwerke wat dit onderskryf, bestudeer kan word. Verskeie vaste afvalbestuursmetodes – beide gevestig en gevorderd – word bespreek waarna die ontwikkeling van vaste afvalbestuur in Suid-Afrika sedert 1992 onder die loep kom. ‘n Belangrike aspek van toepassing op die evaluering van alternatiewe, is die identfikasie van alle rolspelers, kritiese suksesfaktore en beperkinge. ‘n Belangrike bevinding wat gemaak word, is dat die gebrek aan voldoende fondse sowel as die inherente onvermoë van meeste Suid-Afrikaanse munisipaliteite om selfs basiese munisipale dienste te kan lewer, die implementering van gevorderde vaste afvalbestuursmetodes tans onvolhoubaar maak. In die verslag word dus aanbeveel dat die nuut-ontwikkelde wetlike raamwerk wat vaste afvalbestuur in Suid-Afrika reguleer, so geïmplementeer moet word dat alle rolspelers betrek word om die afval-hiërargie se basiese beginsels prakties toe te pas. Die outeur is van mening dat die implementering van nuwe, tegnologiesgevorderde vaste afvalbsetuursmetodes sal faal indien dit geïmplementeer sou word voordat die afval hiërargie voldoende toegepas word.
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Nilsson, Anna. "Challenges in Solid Waste Management in Buenos Aires : From a Sustainable Development Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192560.
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The waste treatment in urban areas in low and middleincomecountries with growingeconomies and populations is an emerging problem. The increasing consumption along withgrowing environmental issues requests well functioning waste systems and highresponsibility.This project examines the solid waste treatment system in Buenos Aires, reviewing thehistory from the start of a public system, recent history and the current situation. From thisthe main challenges for Buenos Aires solid waste management to develop in a sustainableway are identified. By interviewing different stakeholders about facts and opinions and bystudying other reports on the subject, the future is debated and possible future scenarios andtheir pros and cons.In the history of Buenos Aires solid waste treatment the informal sector has played asignificant role. The informal recyclers have been the only recyclers in the area and have meta lot of opposition from the Government and the rest of the society. Instead the Governmenthave put their focus on landfill companies which still is the current main way of solid wastetreatment in the area. Lately, “green” campaigns has been driven and investments have beenmade in new technology, such as MBT, as an effort to reduce the amount of waste that endsup in landfills. Also, agreements have been made between waste pickers cooperatives in thecity and the Government, in efforts to formalize the work of waste pickers. Additionally, nongovernmental organizations are expanding and putting more energy in the waste treatmentsector, resulting in new projects with the ambition to increase the rate of recycled material.Despite these efforts, the landfill areas are still expanding and the waste pickers situation isnot improving. A main problem is the Government distributing too much money in newtechnology before reducing the amounts of generated waste and securing a good qualitywaste.The main challenges are identified as the situation of the informal recycler section, economicproblems, the lack of space and infrastructure, the quality of the waste and poor knowledgeamong decision makers and the residents.Four future scenarios are discussed; Business as usual, incineration, improved recycling andnew technology. The conclusion is that the most favourable choice from a sustainabledevelopment point of view would be to put the focus on an improved recycling system.Avfallshanteringen i urbana områden i lågochmedelinkomstländer med växande ekonomioch befolkning är ett växande och allt mer betonat problem. Ökad konsumtion tillsammansmed växande miljöproblem efterfrågar ett välfungerande avfallssystem och ansvarstagande.Detta projekt utvärderar avfallssystemet i Buenos Aires, genom att genomgå dess historiafrån starten som ett officiellt system, dess senare historia, samt nuläget. Med hjälp av dettahar huvudsakliga utmaningar för Buenos Aires avfallssystem att utvecklas på ett hållbart sättidentifierats. Genom att intervjua olika intressenter samt studier av rapporter inom ämnetavfallshantering, så diskuteras framtiden kring Buenos Aires avfallssystem, och olikaframtida scenarier formuleras. Förochnackdelar kring dessa diskuteras vidare.I historien kring Buenos Aires avfallshantering spelar den informella sektorn en väsentligroll. De informella återvinnarna har varit de enda existerande återvinnare och har mötts avmycket motstånd från både staten och resten av samhället. Staten har i huvudsak satsat pådeponiföretag, vilka fortfarande idag tar hand om i princip alla stadens sopor. De senaste årenhar satsningar på stora “gröna” kampanjer gjorts i samband med investeringar i ny teknologisåsom MBT. Detta i ett försök att minska mängden avfall som hamnar i deponier. Avtal harockså skrivits under mellan återvinningskooperativ och staten med avsikten att formaliserakooperativens arbete. Utöver detta lägger organisationer ner allt mer energi i avfallsfråganvilket har resulterat i flertalet projekt med ökad återvinningen i staden som mål.Trots dessa försök så expanderar fortfarande mängden avfall som går till deponi ochsituationen för de informella sopsorterarna har inte blivit bättre. I rapporten ses statensdistribuering av pengar som ett huvudsakligt problem, med för stor satsning på inköp av nyteknologi före satsning på att minska genereringen av sopor samt säkerställt en god kvalitetpå avfallet.De huvudsakliga utmaningar som rapporten kommer fram till är de informella sopsorterarnassituation, platsbrist och infrastruktur, kvalitet på avfallet och kunskapsbrist hos beslutsfattareoch befolkning.Fyra framtidscenarier formulerades och diskuterades; business as usual, förbränning,förbättrad återvinning samt ny teknologi. Slutsatsen är att det mest fördelaktigaframtidsscenariot ur ett hållbar utvecklingsperspektiv vore det att fokus principiellt sätts påatt förbättra återvinningssystemet.1
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Welivita, Indunee. "Designing an economic instrument for sustainable solid waste management in the household sector." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/designing-an-economic-instrument-for-sustainable-solid-waste-management-in-the-household-sector(b945f9e5-4694-4647-8280-d3cec7671828).html.
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Household Solid Waste Management has become problematic in urban areas especially in developing countries like Sri Lanka due to increased waste generation and financial constraints. The main objective of this research was to design an economic instrument with policy suggestions in order to address the household solid waste management problem in Dehiwala – the Mt. Lavinia Municipal Council area in Sri Lanka. In order to reduce the quantity of waste by encouraging sustainable solid waste management practices, the importance of a bag-based waste collection charge was identified. This study was undertaken using a sample of 300 households using a face-to-face questionnaire survey and a waste quantification study. The average daily household waste generation was found to be 1783.3g with daily per capita waste generation of 404.5g. The average composition of waste was; 85.6% organic, 4.9% paper, 2.8% plastic, 0.7% glass, 0.9% metal and 5.1% other waste. The determinants of daily per capita waste quantity in the regression models were; income, education level and the size of household. Waste separation practices are not at satisfactory levels. For the waste separation model; income, job percentage and the education level, frequency of waste collection, regularity of the collection and door-to-door collection were found to be the significant determinants. The linkage between awareness, attitudes and the behavioural intentions of the households regarding sustainable waste management practices were obtained by a principal component analysis. The Choice Experiment method indicated that households’ highest preferences were for “a source separated waste collection, a three times per week door-to-door waste collection with a zero monthly charge”. The average willingness to pay for an improved waste collection service was obtained using Contingent Valuation Method as Rs.9.49 per 5kg waste bag. The determinants of the willingness to pay were; income, quantity of waste, respondent’s age over 60 years, vehicle collection, once a week collection and twice a week collection. The charge level for a 5kg waste bag was determined as Rs.35.00 by considering the total cost of waste management, which was Rs.34.50. The average willingness to pay value of Rs.9.49 can be used in policy decisions in order to determine the charge level at the implementing stage and to subsidize low income households.
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Huen, Clay. "Would adopting the ISO 14000 make Hong Kong's solid waste management system more sustainable?" Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945528.
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Agbesola, Yetunde. "Sustainability of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Nigeria : A Case Study of Lagos." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97010.
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Waste generation is an unavoidable product of man’s activities, however, sustainable management of such waste is a challenge faced in many countries today. Nigeria, a developing country in Africa, has been in a quandary of how to efficiently manage the municipal solid waste its population generates. Many states in the country lack adequate plans and infrastructure required for efficient and sustainable management of municipal solid waste. For Lagos, the most populous and popular state in Nigeria, the problem is further compounded by its rather large and still increasing population. In this research, Lagos is taken as a case study; the extant trend for solid waste handling in households, trends in the formal and informal sector as regards solid waste management from household collection to final disposal are focused upon. Many countries, particularly the developed ones, have employed options in the waste management hierarchy for sustainable management of their municipal solid waste and the blend of options employed is usually highly dependent on local factors. Following the waste management hierarchy, possible options for sustainable municipal solid waste management in Lagos are discussed. It is concluded that waste reduction, reuse, recycling and composting are potential management options for the state. Landfilling will remain an important option for final disposal but reliance on this method could be significantly reduced if management options are exploited to the maximum in a sustainable solid waste management structure.
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Remy, Ako Achere. "Solid waste management: world perspectives and the Cameroon case study." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3374.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão AmbientalNowadays, many nations in the world transform their contemporary waste management practice into a more efficient and sustainable one. This is to render them capable of handling increased refuse generation and the numerous ambiguities of the current municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems. This has been aggravated by economic activities, urbanization and life quality provided to the city inhabitants. This has influenced the masses to shift from rural to the urban environments. More so, low, middle and high-income countries spend roughly 40% of the annual budget on waste related environmental problems. In spite of the changes in strategy, the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) continues to increase, and its diverse characteristics make it a lot more problematic. This study strives to understand the key drivers of waste handling and present the challenges, threats, and opportunities in transforming the traditional waste streams into optimized practices with acceptable waste administration. In the quest of understanding the challenges, a literature research pattern of facts compilation served as the main model for the study. This work investigates the policies and options that are employed in 29 nations all over the world. It also proposes a direct or indirect framework for a lower middle-income nation-Cameroon. The study concludes that: firstly, strategies based on, social, economic, political tools, and new technologies, can assist cities/countries in their revolution geared towards a sustainable MSWM system. Furthermore, waste handling difficulties are not only technologically orchestrated, but they are due to political misappropriation. Lastly, the couple force existing between waste volume and income will remain directly proportionate if stakeholders are not educated to hold up with MSW streams in the world. Atualmente, muitos países no mundo têm como objetivo transformar as suas atuais práticas de gestão de resíduos em práticas mais eficientes e sustentáveis. Induzida por numerosas lacunas existentes nos atuais sistemas de gestão de resíduos e agravada pelo aumento da migração das populações das zonas rurais para os ambientes urbanos, a produção de resíduos e os problemas que desta advêm têm aumentado. As atividades económicas atualmente praticadas e o aumento da qualidade de vida das populações são também fatores que contribuíram para o agravamento destes problemas. Em média, e incluindo os países subdesenvolvidos, desenvolvidos e em vias de desenvolvimento, 40% do orçamento despendido na resolução dos problemas ambientais a nível mundial é destinado à resolução destes problemas. Apesar do montante gasto na gestão dos resíduos, a quantidade de resíduos urbanos gerados continua a aumentar e a cada vez maior diversificação dos resíduos gerados dificulta a sua gestão. Este estudo visa compreender os principais fatores intervenientes na gestão dos resíduos, apresentando os principais desafios, ameaças e oportunidades de transformação dos tradicionais fluxos de resíduos, assim como a otimização de práticas aceitáveis de gestão de resíduos. De forma a melhor entender os desafios do processo de gestão dos resíduos, foi efectuada uma compilação de dados obtida através de uma pesquisa literária, pesquisa esta que serviu de base de estudo deste trabalho. Este trabalho procura ainda investigar as orientações políticas e linhas de conduta adotadas em todo 29 paysage o mundo. Este estudo permite-nos concluir que: em primeiro lugar, estratégias baseadas em ferramentas e políticas socioeconómicas e tecnologias mais recentes podem conduzir as cidades/países a implementar uma revolução sustentável, sem stresse, acessível, viável e mais eficaz das suas estratégias de SGRS Urbanos; em segundo lugar, verificou-se que os problemas de gestão de resíduos não são resolvidos apenas com o recurso à tecnologia, são essencialmente resolvidos através de políticas de gestão apropriadas; por último, a força mútua existente entre o volume de resíduos gerados e os encargos resultantes continuará a ser diretamente proporcional se os principais intervenientes nos sistemas de Resíduos Sólidos não forem devidamente educados e se estes não se preocuparem com os fluxos de resíduos gerados a nível global.
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Selin, Emma. "Sustainable municipal solid waste management: A qualitative study on possibilities and solutions in Mutomo, Kenya." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-81565.
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This report investigates the possibilities and solutions for a sustainable municipal solid waste management in the community of Mutomo, situated in Kitui County, Kenya. The aim was to formulate an action plan to start reaching for a sustainable development in the waste sector, with citizen participation. Specific research questions were to find requests and ideas from the community members. Also, how the Swedish solid waste management system is built up in order to find potential good examples. Qualitative methods for data collection were used both in-depth interviews and focus group discussions conducted. Data collection was done with the help of an interpreter; interviewing guides and a recording device were used. The data was transcribed and thematic analysis done using NVivo. The interviews and discussions resulted in many requests and ideas regarding solid waste management. In brief; a legal dumping site, health education of the advantages of managing waste and the disadvantages if not, increase of public dustbins, increase of people employed for waste collection, an organized system for trade of waste and improved future planning of the town by the local authorities. To conclude, if a sustainable development within the waste sector is to be initiated, the local authorities have to take action and shoulder their responsibility. Improved collaboration between them and the public health office, community members and private stakeholders is essential. The proposed action plan is a good tool to use when initiating this work and would be created through co-operation with residents in Mutomo.
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Dorvil, Louigueur. "Private sector participation in integrated sustainable solid waste management in low- and middle income countries." kostenfrei, 2007. http://www.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3381.
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DHINDAW, JAYA. "DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK OF BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SMALL TOURIST ISLANDS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1091035093.
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Vigileos, George. "Analysis of institutional structures for sustainable solid waste management for the South West of England." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2002. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3045/.
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Waste management has become one of the major global environmental concerns of our times associated, as it is, with the consumerist tendencies which fuel the engine of economic growth and environmental impacts. Existing policies in the UK have not yet managed to curb the problem of steadily increasing waste generation despite efforts by Central government and the European Union to set inflexible national targets for waste management. A major problem is that while central government sets the overall goals to be achieved, actual waste collection and disposal are functions of 'local government. In many cases local governments lack the resources and capacity to make economically efficient and environmentally effective decisions. Waste management infrastructure must be developed for the long-term, yet economic efficiency considerations often conflict with local political objectives and with a wide range of resource constraints. Local government is not always the most suitable level to deal with problems that often have regional impacts or can be more efficiently organised within larger geographic units. The European Commission is starting to re-consider the application of its rigid waste management hierarchy in light of suggestions that sustainable solutions may vary across regions. Changes in the regulatory environment for solid waste and the regionalisation of disposal infrastructure present economic opportunities which pose the need for institutional change in waste practices. The study examines the institutional arrangements for municipal solid waste management within the South West of England region. Using in-depth key actor interviews, questionnaires, and Force Field Analysis, key actor and stakeholders perceptions on the concept of sustainable waste management are examined, and opportunities and obstacles arising from evolving institutional arrangements are identified. The study finds that there are significant barriers to the development of more sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in the South West Region, iii especially in the areas of 'culture' (both public culture and organisational), regional institutional capacity, and related markets. Amongst the issues that need to be addressed are the interrelated issues of public awareness, participation and empowerment, parochialism and the lack of power of regional institutions to deal with Local Authority waste management contracts within an implementable strategy for the region, the (often negative) influence of the markets related to MSWM, the lack of responsibility for funding of programmes aimed at changing public behaviour, and potential conflict of interest amongst stakeholder groups. Central government, Local Authorities and the waste management industry all need to instigate significant changes in institutions and institutional arrangements in order to achieve a move towards more sustainable MSWM.
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Qhayi-Shweni, Nokuzola. "A Review of policies for sustainable solid waste management service in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3001.
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Waste is not only harmful to the environment alone but it is also a threat to human health and as such its proper management becomes critical. This study which adopted a qualitative approach focused on the review of policies for sustainable solid waste management service in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in an effort to seek what the municipality’s Solid Waste Department should consider in ensuring that all the communities live in a litter free, clean and healthy environment, and ensure that such a service is received by all communities within its jurisdiction. The most sustainable solid waste management strategy would be to adopt the solid waste hierarchy of promoting waste minimisation, re-use, recycling, waste treatment and disposal as the last resort.
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Zeng, Yinghui. "Internet-based fuzzy logic and statistics models for integrated solid waste management planning /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164557.
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Ogunba, Adebola. "Sustainable Groundwater Management in Lagos, Nigeria: The Regulatory Framework"." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34437.
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This doctoral research focuses on groundwater degradation in Lagos, Nigeria. Groundwater is a critically important natural resource in Lagos that is presently troubled by pollution that emanates from solid waste and wastewater. The city generates 10,000 metric tons of waste and 350 million gallons of wastewater daily, all of which are improperly managed and are heavily polluting its groundwater. This direct environmental pollution is aggravated by indirect problems of over-urbanization, and legal and institutional shortcomings. Over-urbanization in Lagos has resulted into a monumental population of 21 million people in the tiny city, which generates the enormous quantities of solid waste and wastewater. The population places a tremendous burden on the city’s water resources, forcing residents to revert to groundwater which is suffering the plight of pollution, and hence the concern of this research. The pollution problem is worsened by civic apathy to environmental matters, and unresolved by a nascent water sector whose evolving governance structures do not adequately address the multi-dimensional pollution problem. In the final analysis, the absence of holistic and comprehensive groundwater legislation that addresses all these problems challenges the sustainability of this vital resource.
The research adopts a cross-disciplinary approach by combining several methodologies: historical legal analysis, important insights from scientific studies and from sociological studies that rationalize the demographical movement to Lagos which is at the root of the pollution problem; field work investigation to confirm the fact, source, and extent of polluted groundwater; and a comparative approach by examining the European Union’s legal framework for managing groundwater and waste in order to extract sustainable practices for adoption in Lagos. It concludes with a range of recommendations for incorporation into a legal framework that will help to improve the sustainability of the groundwater resource. The study contributes to knowledge by attempting to close a vacuum, which is the paucity of studies that investigate underlying social factors that trigger groundwater pollution, and also by providing broad and holistic recommendations for law reform. It addresses the role of law in remediating the pollution, managing the effects of over-urbanization and overpopulation on groundwater, strengthening institutions, and eliminating legal inadequacies.
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Kuslyaykina, Dina. "Exploratory Study of Waste Generation and Waste Minimization in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194013.
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The current thesis presents an exploratory study on municipal solid waste generation and minimization in Sweden, with a focus on their connection to basic socio-economic parameters. The fundamental goal of the study is to investigate into correlations and interdependencies between waste generation, waste minimization and basic socio-economic characteristics on municipal level, and to search for models for explanation of waste management parameters through socio-economic factors. Theoretical background involves reasoning on the role of municipal waste management in sustainable development, and extensive analysis of framework, legislation and organization of municipal solid waste management in Sweden. Practical part presents correlation analysis of data, which proved that socio-economic parameters do not explain differences in waste management performance of Swedish municipalities; however they are closely connected to differences between municipalities in aspect of presence of waste-related data.
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Ezeah, Chukwunonye. "Analysis of barriers and success factors affecting the adoption of sustainable management of municipal solid waste in Abuja, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/110155.
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The state of solid waste management in cities of most developing countries is fast assuming the scale of a major social and environmental challenge. In Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, the combined influence of poverty, population growth and rapid urbanization has tended to worsen the situation. The gravity of this problem is perhaps best reflected in the level of attention given to it in the United Nations (UN) Millennium Declaration. Three of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) outlined in the declaration have waste or resource efficiency implications. In response to the waste challenge many developed countries have embarked upon ambitious environmental reforms, recording remarkable advances in best practises and sustainable management of their Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). However, many developing countries such as Nigeria have fared less well in this regard as a result of several barriers militating against sustainable management of MSW. The principal aim of this research is therefore to carry out a critical analysis of the various barriers as well as success factors that affect the sustainable management of MSW using Abuja, Nigeria, as a case study. The study adopts a largely quantitative methodological approach, employing waste composition analysis of samples from the case study area, questionnaire survey and focus group interviews of stakeholders in MSW management as key methods for generation of data. Results from analysis of data, using the Statistical Programme for the Social Sciences (SPSS), indicate that between 65-70% of MSW samples from Abuja is biodegradable, mostly comprising of high wet weight and high moisture content kitchen wastes. On the other hand between 11%-30% of MSW samples from the City comprises mostly of non-degradable but recyclable materials such as glass, metals and cans, non-ferrous metals and waste electrical and electronic equipment. The implication of the high levels of moisture content in the biodegradable components is that samples are not suitable for incineration but are ideal for composting and other mechanical and biological management options. Data analysis also reveals that the main barriers to sustainable MSW management in the City include low public awareness/education on MSW management, obsolete and insufficient equipment and funding limitations. On the other hand, the most important success factor affecting sustainable MSW management in Abuja was found to be the bourgeoning City population which has a huge potential for uptake of recycled products. In summary, this research concludes that the factors affecting MSW management in Abuja are typical of many tropical urban environments. Fundamental shifts in current practises towards waste prevention; driven by a structured public education programme in MSW management is recommended, so as to bring about a more sustainable management regime. As a result of resource and time limitations, it was not possible to complete several potential lines of investigation related to this study. To fully understand the character of the Abuja waste stream however, further chemical characterization including proximate and ultimate analysis is required. Future research in this genre must endeavour to collect data from a larger sample to increase the precision of the analysis and to enable firmer conclusions to be drawn.
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Ndum, Asi Eugene [Verfasser], and Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Busch. "Bottom-Up approach to sustainable solid waste management in African countries / Asi Eugene Ndum. Betreuer: Günter Busch." Cottbus : Universitätsbibliothek der BTU Cottbus, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038211107/34.
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Appiah, Boamah Linda. "The Environmental Sanitation Policy of Ghana (2010) and Stakeholder Capacity : A Case Study of Solid Waste Management in Accra and Koforidua." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160848.
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Managing solid waste effectively has become a burden for many countries especially thedeveloping and the least developed ones. Policies are made as guidelines for various actorsin the waste management sector to implement, but implementation also comes withresource availability and the capacity of the actors to ensure their roles in the policy areachieved. This research focuses on the actors in the solid waste management in twoassemblies of Ghana: the New Juaben Municipal Assembly and the Accra MetropolitanAssembly. The study explores the capacity of the stakeholders in these two study areas inrelation to their roles in the Environmental Sanitation Policy of Ghana, looking at theircurrent practices in solid waste management. A seven weeks field research in Ghanainvolving the use of semi‐structured interviews, informal interviews, snow‐ball sampling,participant observation and focus group discussion with actors within the solid wastemanagement sector, provided for the data of the study. The study identifies somechallenges of these actors and gives recommendation of some issues which would requirefurther research.
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von, der Heyde Vanessa. "Towards a sustainable incremental waste management system in Enkanini: a transdisciplinary case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86274.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the global population grows and more countries industrialise, waste streams will grow proportionately. Current waste management practices and product manufacturing processes dictate that a large proportion of waste ends up in a landfill or incinerator. The predominant manufacturing design is a linear, one-way model that extracts resources for manufacture, which eventually end up in a landfill or incinerator, rendered useless. This is an unsustainable use of resources, not only of the ones that were extracted to manufacture the product, but also of the land used to dump waste. Along with this goes the increasingly significant issue of food waste and the issues of global hunger and food insecurity. It is estimated that globally one third of all food that is produced is wasted, equalling a total of 1.3 billion tonnes of food waste a year. Wastage of food causes a loss of potentially valuable food sources, or a potential resource for other processes, such as composting or energy generation. The poor are normally the first affected by limited or dwindling resources, and as yet, there are no significant signs of poverty alleviation. Worldwide, there is a proliferation of informal settlements, or slums, and how to deal with these settlements has formed part of international political and societal discourse for a long time. In South Africa, policies dictate that informal settlements should undergo an incremental, in situ upgrading process, where possible. Although this marks a positive development from the previous housing policy, substantial uptake on the ground has as yet not occurred. Consequently, this study attempted to combine the issues of waste management, in particular of food waste, and incremental upgrading of informal settlements through a transdisciplinary case study that focuses on upgrading the food waste management system in Enkanini, an informal settlement in Stellenbosch, South Africa. A waste characterisation study undertaken by Stellenbosch Municipality showed that food waste makes up a substantial part of the waste stream generated in Enkanini. As informal settlements often lack adequate waste collection services, the food waste poses a health risk by breeding pathogens and attracting pests. Through a transdisciplinary approach, an alternative food waste treatment method was piloted in Enkanini in partnership with Stellenbosch Municipality and Probiokashi (Pty) Ltd. The method used bokashi substrate to treat food waste with microorganisms. This was then processed further into compost through the sheet mulching method and by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. The outcomes were assessed according to the environmental, social and economic sustainability of this method of waste processing and indicated a positive impact in all three of these categories.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Soos die globale samelewing groei en al hoe meer lande industrialiseer, sal afvalproduksie ook proporsioneel toeneem. Moderne afvalbestuurpraktyke en vervaardigingsprosesse behels dat groot volumes afval in vullingsterreine of verbrandingsoonde beland. Vervaardiging behels hoofsaaklik ’n lineêre proses, waarin grondstowwe vir vervaardiging onttrek word en uiteindelik in sodanige vullingsterreine of verbrandingsoonde beland. Hierdie produkte is dan onbruikbaar. Hierdie praktyk is ’n onvolhoubare manier om hulpbronne te gebruik, nie net wat die grondstowwe vir vervaardiging betref nie, maar ook die grond wat gebruik word om die afval op te stort. Verwant aan hierdie probleem, is die kwessie van toenemende voedselvermorsing en die probleme rondom wêreldwye hongersnood en voedselonsekerheid. Daar word benader dat een derde van alle voedsel wat ter wêreld vervaardig word, vermors word. Dit kom neer op 1.3 miljard ton voedsel per jaar. Voedselvermorsing veroorsaak ’n verlies aan waardevolle, potensiële voedselbronne of potensiële hulpbronne vir ander prosesse, soos bemesting en energievervaardiging. Die armes is gewoonlik diegene wat die gouste deur beperkte of afnemende hulpbronne geraak word en, tot nog toe, is daar geen beduidende vordering in armoedeverligting nie. Wêreldwyd is daar ’n toename in informele nedersettings, of agterbuurte, en maniere om hierdie probleem aan te spreek, vorm lankal deel van die internasionale politiese en maatskaplike diskoers. In Suid-Afrika dui beleide daarop dat informele nedersettings, waar moontlik, ’n inkrementele, in situ opgraderingsproses moet ondergaan. Alhoewel hierdie plan ’n verbetering is op die vorige behuisingsbeleid, het wesenlike vordering nog nie plaasgevind nie. Gevolglik het hierdie studie gepoog om die kwessies rakende afvalbestuur, spesifiek van voedselafval, en inkrementele opgradering van informele nedersettings in ’n transdissiplinêre gevallestudie te kombineer deur te fokus op die voedselafvalbestuurstelsel in Enkanini, ’n informele nedersetting in Stellenbosch, Suid-Afrika. ’n Studie, uitgevoer deur Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit, wat die inhoud van vullis ontleed het, het bevind dat voedselafval ’n beduidende deel vorm van die vullis wat in Enkanini geproduseer word. Aangesien informele nedersettings dikwels tekortskiet aan voldoende vullisverwyderingsdienste, hou voedselafval ’n bedreiging in omdat patogene daarin broei en dit peste lok. Deur middel van ’n transdissiplinêre benadering is ’n proefprojek aangepak waartydens ’n alternatiewe metode om voedselafval te behandel, getoets is. Hierdie projek is in samewerking met Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit en Probiokashi (Pty) Ltd (Edms.) Bpk. in Enkanini uitgevoer. Hierdie metode het van bokashi-substraat gebruik gemaak om deur middel van mikroörganismes die voedselafval te behandel. Dit is daarna verder deur swartsoldaatvlieglarwes (Hermetia illucens) tot kompos verwerk. Die uitkomste van die studie is geassesseer ten opsigte van die sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewingsvolhoubaarheid van dié afvalverwerkingsmetode. ’n Positiewe impak is in al drie hierdie kategorieë opgemerk.
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González, Acosta Andrés. "Towards an inclusive municipal solid waste management system: A case study from Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324140.
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The city of Xalapa, like many Mexican cities, does not count with any sort of official recycling program. Resource recovery relies on the work performed by the informal recycling sector and often, such work is neglected by the local government. In line with this, the aim of this study is to evaluate if a participatory resource management is a more suitable option than the current approach; so that the informal recycling sector can be included into the formal waste management system. In order to do so, this study employed a case study method using qualitative data; during the month of field work in Xalapa, semi- structured interviews and observation were the techniques used for collecting data. Concepts such as informal economy, participatory resource management, network theory and waste management were employed to analyze the organization and operation of the formal and informal waste management systems. Drawn from the results and analysis, it was presented that the informal recycling sector in Xalapa is composed of 5 different types of actors. Some of these actors are organized, while others work independently. The study revealed that their income is related to their capability of accessing to infrastructure and resources. This access to infrastructure and resources takes the form of a secondary materials trade hierarchy where the income of an actor depends on their ability to add value to their recovered materials. Additionally, organized actors tend to be less prone to manipulation and exploitation. Furthermore, it was deemed relevant to look at the current policies and regulations as well as to the action plans proposed by the local government for alleviating the solid waste crisis in Xalapa. It was identified that to consider a participatory resource management approach, several barriers need to be overcome; these barriers lie within the governance and social spectrum. However, despite the identified barriers, the current waste management system has opportunities for creating a more inclusive and socially just municipal solid waste management system.
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Amelkina, Olga. "The role of law for improving municipal solid waste management: comparing Russia and Sweden (EU)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417107.
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Waste generation increases, and its management is one of the global challenges. Improper waste management creates many problems, but on the other hand, effective waste management can save natural resources, minimize GHG emissions, and provide additional workplaces. Sweden has already achieved some successful results in managing household waste, while modern Russia only began to reform the municipal solid waste management system in December 2014. This study makes a legal comparison of the Russian and the Swedish (EU) framework waste legislations, using the functional method of comparative law. The results show that Russia has already introduced many institutions, which are similar to those in the Swedish (EU) waste legislation. Nevertheless, there is still a huge potential to make the municipal solid waste management system in Russia more effective by improving framework waste legislation. Based on the findings from the comparison, there are following recommendations to Russia: to establish a separate waste collection system on the Federal level; make producers responsible for the whole life cycle of waste, including its waste management (from collection till disposal); correct the waste hierarchy; introduce the concepts of “preparing for re-use”, “re-use”, and a waste prevention program; change the norm of waste recovery to the recycling target.
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Johnson, Amanda. "Environmental Systems Analysis Tools as Decision-Support in Municipal Solid Waste Management : LCA in Sweden, Estonia and Lithuania." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207141.
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In order to deal with the mounting issue of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in a way that is in line with sustainable development and Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) a systems approach is necessary.This approach can practically be integrated into the MSW decision-making process through Life Cycle Thinking(LCT) and environmental systems analysis tools such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This paper is written within the context of the RECO Baltic 21 Tech (RB21T) project which aims to improve waste management practices in 12 countries in the Baltic Sea Region. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which LCA is used as decision-support in MSW management in Sweden, Estonia and Lithuania. The use of LCA is examined on a national level as well as on a local or regional level based on relevant literature and a set of interviews conducted in each country. According to the results the use of LCA as decision-support in MSW management is very limited in Estonia and Lithuania whilst it is already a well-established tool in Sweden. Most of the LCA efforts in the Baltic States have been conducted in connection with foreign projects and investments,such as RB21T. Although an actual LCA might not always be applied in Sweden, LCT is prevalent in MSW management both on a national and local level. In order for LCA to be better integrated into MSW management this paper argues that there is a need for increased knowledge, data, more user-friendly LCA-tools andstrengthening regional partnerships for further transfer of knowledge between countries.
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Morris, John Rhys. "A critical evaluation of the Landfill Tax and the Landfill Tax Credit Scheme in driving sustainable waste management in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2007. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2785/.
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The UK Landfill Tax was introduced by the Finance Act 1996 as an economic measure to discourage the use of landfill as a waste management option and to encourage a more sustainable approach in which less waste is produced and more waste is reused or recycled. A tax credit scheme was also introduced in order that a proportion of the money raised by the tax could be directed to Environmental Bodies to be used for approved environmental projects. The published papers submitted with this thesis evaluate the effectiveness of the operation of Landfill Tax and Landfill Tax Credit Scheme in a legal context by drawing upon a range of sources including the reviews of the Tax, data for Entrust and surveys conducted by the author. The Landfill Tax and Landfill Tax Credit Scheme is a tax law that is multi dimensional with environmental, social, economic, fiscal and political aspects. Like most law it seeks to change or control the behaviour of individuals and institutions but unlike most laws relating to taxation it had the potential for greater public acquiescence by a ‘double dividend’ by seeking to reduce landfill and encourage a more sustainable approach and also to be neutral in taxation terms by making a commensurate reduction in Employer’s Contributions to National Insurance and so reduce the tax on employment. The research finds that the Tax and Credit Scheme has good intentions in achieving a double dividend and recognises that it laid the foundations for a bottom up approach to improved waste management with public participation projects. However the research identifies and addresses a series of issues. In particular the Tax needed to be set at a substantial level to have an impact and did not itself reduce landfill. The Credit Scheme had the potential to encourage alternatives to landfill. However the Scheme’s range of approved projects and flaws in its operation meant it lacked a sufficiently strong sustainable waste management focus. The research notes that stakeholders support the Tax and Credit Scheme but recognise that it has scope for making a greater contribution to sustainable waste management particularly if additional Tax funds were allocated to strategic projects. In 2002 the Government diverted all the funds that would have been applied to ‘bottom up’ waste management projects under the Credit Scheme to centrally run ‘top down’ strategic projects, bringing to an end a key driver for sustainable waste management. The aim of the critical appraisal accompanying the papers is to outline the operation and highlight the criticisms and suggested reforms published in the papers between 1998 and 2004. In addition it suggests a way forward for the Landfill Tax credit Scheme, now called the Landfill Communities Fund to support once more support bottom up waste management projects. It also refers to key elements of the UK experience as an evidenced based guide to other countries that have already or are considering implementing similar taxes to the Landfill Tax
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Siqueira, Helder Henrique Silva. "Manejo de resíduos de embalagens do tipo "Snacks" /." Sorocaba, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180650.
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Orientador: Leandro Cardoso de MoraisResumo: O aumento populacional, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e as mudanças de consumo, são evidentes na atualidade. Diante disso é possível observar o crescimento na produção de resíduos sólidos. Um setor de amplo desenvolvimento nesse aspecto é o de alimentos. Dentre os resíduos gerados vinculados a estes temos as Embalagens “Snacks”, que no pós-consumo pode representar cerca de 15,56 mil toneladas em todo o país em um ano. Esta pesquisa, foi elaborada para apresentar o consumo dessas embalagens, usando como base a cidade de Sorocaba – SP no ano de 2017, assim como apresentar o manejo que estes resíduos têm recebido. Dentre os resultados obtidos, foi possível perceber que a cidade consumiu 49,42 toneladas no ano de 2017 e que com o crescimento de 2,9% ao ano, esse consumo chegará a 71,66 toneladas em 2030, o que representa uma ocupação de 0,016% da capacidade total do aterro para onde são destinadas. Além da ocupação de espaço, a presente pesquisa observou que, o atual manejo das Embalagens “Snacks” não contribui para o crescimento socioeconômico da cidade, e assim o não cumprimento efetivo da PNRS que versa sobre o estimulo a responsabilidade compartilhada e a geração de emprego e renda. Esta pesquisa também apresenta alguns exemplos de manejo bem-sucedido nos aspectos ambientais, empresariais e socioeconômicos, fazendo referência aos processos de reciclagem, reutilização, coleta seletiva e logística reversa.
Abstract: Population growth, technological development and changes in consumption are evident today. Given this, it is possible to observe the growth in solid waste production. One sector of broad development in this aspect is food. Among the residues generated linked to these we have the Snacks Packaging, which in the post-consumption can represent about 15,56 thousand tons throughout the country in a year. This research was developed to present the consumption of these packages, based on the city of Sorocaba - SP in the year 2017, as well as to present the management that these residues have received. Among the results obtained, it was possible to perceive that the city consumed 49.42 tons in 2017 and that with a growth of 2.9% per year, this consumption will reach 71.66 tons in 2030, which represents an occupation of 0.016% of the total capacity of the landfill for which they are intended. In addition to the occupation of space, this research observed that the current management of Snack Packaging does not contribute to the socioeconomic growth of the city, and thus the effective non-compliance of the PNRS, which is about stimulating shared responsibility and generating employment and income. This research also presents some examples of successful management in the environmental, business and socioeconomic aspects, referring to the processes of recycling, reuse, selective collection and reverse logistics.
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Vikblad, Carl Johan, and Denise Lekare. "The livelihoods of municipal solid waste workers – sustainable or a vicious cycle of debt and vulnerability? : A case study in Babati, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Utveckling och internationellt samarbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39400.
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This essay examines sanitation workers who work with solid waste management and analyses their ability to create a sustainable livelihood based on livelihood assets and strategies. The study was undertaken in Babati, Tanzania and a qualitative method was applied, consisting of interviews and observations. The main findings were that sanitation workers employed four livelihood strategies, however, only two of these were sustainable and contributed towards a positive livelihood outcome. Multiple stresses were identified, such as low wages, inability to save money, unsafe work conditions, exposure to bacteria and other contaminants and no access to social services. Shocks were identified as work-related injuries resulting in extended time off work, wages being paid out late and sudden illness. This made the sanitation workers terms of employment in Babati almost equivalent to that of waste workers and waste pickers in the informal sector, despite being employed by the local government authorities. As a result, the workers were not able to attain a sustainable livelihood and the livelihood outcome appear to be a vicious cycle of debt and vulnerability. A key characteristic for this study is its examination of Tanzania’s political context and institutional framework as important factors that affect the sanitation workers’ resource base and strategies as well as their exposure to vulnerabilities.
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Adamoski, Michele. "Wast Management System for Western Africa : Analysis of systemssuccessfully applied in the world that may fit the reality faced in Western Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150793.
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Health and safety have been the most important concerns in waste management formany years. However, nowadays society demands that as well as being safe, waste managementmust also be sustainable. The management of a sustainable Municipal Solid Waste is anecessary but not-prioritized aspect of environmental management in most countries with lowand middle income.This study purposes an analysis of technologies, in order to select the best and mostsuitable practices in Sustainable Waste Management Systems already applied or in advancedlevel of research in developed and developing countries. The target countries for receiving thisstudy of waste system are located in Western Africa: Ghana, Côte d‟Ivoire, Senegal andNigeria.The analysis of collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste, with focus onorganic matter, was presented in two groups. The first group, “collection and transportation”was analysed with attention to aspects and stakeholders presented in the Integrated SustainableWaste Management framework. In the second group, “treatment and disposal”, each technologywas analysed based on aspects of sustainable development. The decision-support software Web-HIPRE was also used to frame the final rank of solutions for the African scenario.The conclusions for those analyses were that the creation of micro and small enterprisesand community based organizations for collection and transportation should strongly beencouraged. They generate not just new employment but awareness among the population aswell. As for the treatment and disposal of organic household waste, two promising technologiesare decentralized composting and home composting with plastic bins.
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Soares, Marcel. "Gestão de resíduos sólidos: um estudo de caso no município de Caldas Novas (GO)." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3501.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo tratar a problemática ambiental associada aos resíduos sólidos em uma rede hoteleira do município de Caldas Novas em Goiás. Para a realização do trabalho foram obtidas informações dos diferentes atores associados ao tema o que envolveu órgãos públicos e as entidades privadas, bem como em estudos e experiências já relatadas na literatura. A investigação envolveu a avaliação das leis e dos processos envolvidos na busca de estratégias para minimização dos impactos sócio-ambientais e econômicos negativos acarretados por esses resíduos. O estudo concluiu pela necessidade de relacionar a questão dos resíduos sólidos com a estratégia de sustentabilidade do negócio do turismo local. Isto implica na necessidade de modificar consideravelmente a situação vigente. O trabalho deixa claro a necessidade de construir ações de planejamento e execução visando adaptar a situação atual às melhores práticas sugeridas na literatura e na legislação para tratar o tema dos resíduos sólidos na rede hoteleira da cidade de Caldas Novas e região.
This paper aims to address the environmental problems associated with solid wastes in a hotel chain in the touristic town Caldas Novas, Goias. To conduct the study it was collected informations on the different actors involved in the issue which included public agencies and private entities, as well as on studies and experiences reported in the literature. The investigation involved the evaluation of laws and processes which involved seeking strategies for minimizing the environmental and socio-economic impacts entailed by such waste. The study concluded by the need to link the issue of solid wastes with the strategy of sustainable local tourism business. This implies the need to significantly modify the status quo. The work makes clear the need to build stock of planning and executing the current situation in order to adapt the best practices suggested in the literature and legislation to address the issue of solid waste in the hotel network in the city of Caldas Novas and surrounding areas.
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Nencková, Lucie. "Současný stav a nakládání s textilním odpadem z domácností v ČR." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264704.
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Proper consumer attitude towards textile products and optimal post-consumer waste management of textile waste is connected with many benefits. Despite this fact, little research has been conducted on these topics. Textile waste represented mainly by donated textile from households and its material flow in waste streams mirrors the behaviour of our consumer society as well as new technologies in textile and fashion industry. More information about consumer attitude and behaviour toward textile and textile waste is needed to provide suitable waste management processes according to the hierarchy of waste management, such as re-use and energy recovery, and to ensure sustainable development and minimal impact on the worlds wellbeing. This study takes into account not only waste management of textile waste, but also tries to understand all textile issues in a wider perspective. Particularly fashion industry is connected with many negative ethical aspects (e.g. sweatshops), and many environmental issues are connected with overproduction of lower-quality textile products. Proper handling of post-consumer textile products is only one of the product life cycle stages to be solved. The main goal of this study is to discuss the results of a consumer attitude and behaviour questionnaire toward textile and textile waste from households in the Czech Republic. The study also includes partial hypotheses and an analysis of interest groups as other possible sources of information to form proper textile waste management policy tools and strategies.
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Silva, Isabel Cristina Barreto. "Gestão de resíduos sólidos : estudo de caso da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), Rosário do Catete/ SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2008. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4324.
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With the objective of making a behavioural diagnostic analysis in an ore organization concerning environmental questions, and mainly to understand the way the knowledge on environment is transfered, we researched the Vale do Rio Doce company, with the intention of obtain information about the procedures taken concerning the solid wastes disposal, what measures of environmental impact reduction are adopted and how its staff is trained. In this sense, a bibliographical research was carried out and also a diagnostic of the perception which the managers and their colaborators have about the environment matters. Thus, questions such as environmental education, sustainable development, environmental impacts, reducing
measures and solid waste management were raised. The results showed that the company is significantly concerned with the correct solid waste disposal in its main operational nuclei (mine and plant) nor only because of legislation but also because of environmental questions. During the interviews, it was noticed that the employees have a significant critical
consciousness that the correct waste disposal will offer security and comfort to them as well as an ethical conduct towards the environment and society.Com o intuito de fazer uma análise diagnóstico comportamental dentro de uma organização de minério, no que se refere às questões ambientais, e principalmente perceber a forma que a organização transfere o conhecimento a cerca do meio ambiente, é que pesquisamos a mineradora Vale do Rio Doce, com a intenção de obter informações a respeito do procedimento da companhia com relação ao descarte dos resíduos sólidos impactantes a natureza, quais as medidas mitigadoras que a companhia adota e como repassa estes procedimentos para seus colaboradores. Para tanto, buscou-se auxílio em aportes teóricos que pudessem embasar uma fundamentação bibliográfica sobre o tema sugerido, aliando-se também, uma pesquisa diagnóstico da percepção dos gestores e colaboradores com relação às questões ambientais, mais precisamente ao destino dos resíduos sólidos, como também, a forma que a organização repassa estes conhecimentos para seus funcionários. Assim, foram levantadas questões como: educação ambiental, desenvolvimento sustentável, impactos ambientais, medidas mitigadoras e procedimentos de gestão de resíduos sólidos. O resultado apontou uma preocupação acentuada e pontual que a organização tem com o descarte correto dos resíduos sólidos em seus principais núcleos operacionais (mina e usina), não somente por ter a legislação como instrumento de pressão, mas por ter a organização uma preocupação constante no quesito ambiental. Durante as entrevista pôde-se observar que os funcionários têm uma consciência crítica significativa de que o destino correto do material descartado oferecerá não somente segurança e conforto aos funcionários, mas também uma conduta ética com o meio ambiente e a sociedade.
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Duarte, Lucimar. "O GERENCIAMENTO DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NA INDÚSTRIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL NO MUNICÍPIO DE GOIÂNIA/GO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2531.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-25Na construção civil, as construtoras retiram da natureza seus insumos e matérias primas para realização de suas atividades gerando grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos que, devolvidos a natureza contribuem para a degradação do meio ambiente. Esse trabalho mapeou por meio de pesquisa descritiva e exploratória o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos em três construtoras do município de Goiânia-GO, em que, se evidenciou ações de controle na produção como busca do desenvolvimento sustentável orientada segundo a legislação ambiental. Evidenciou-se que as construtoras participam e treinam os trabalhadores quanto ao uso das tecnologias inovadoras para promover aprendizado de práticas ecologicamente corretas que evitem degradação ambiental. Investigou-se também, por meio de questionários, a percepção do trabalhador sobre as atividades desenvolvidas por seus empregadores como impactantes na qualidade de vida para a sociedade local e meio ambiente, O questionário foi aplicado a 10% (dez por cento) dos trabalhadores com vínculos empregatícios com as construtoras, escolhidos aleatoriamente e foi dividido em três partes: perfil do trabalhador, experiência na indústria da construção civil e práticas de proteção ao meio ambiente e aprendizado. Os resultados mostraram que 26% dos trabalhadores têm mais de dez anos de experiência na construção civil, 19% mais de três anos e 14% menos de três anos. Evidenciou-se que a maioria dos pesquisados percebem que as práticas de proteção utilizadas em suas atividades construtivas contribuem para diminuir a quantidade de entulhos gerados. Os resultados quanto à proteção do meio ambiente mostraram que todos os pesquisados de duas construtoras e metade da outra construtora possuem essa percepção. Todos os trabalhadores das construtoras pesquisadas percebem que ao diminuir os entulhos estão protegendo o planeta e melhorando a saúde das pessoas. Na Construtora 3, 100% dos trabalhadores percebem a necessidade de repassar as informações aos parentes e amigos, 71% dos pesquisados da Construtora 2 veem essa necessidade seguido de 48% da Construtora 1. A grande maioria dos pesquisados nas três construtoras percebem que as práticas para reduzir o volume de resíduos sólidos na construção civil contribuem para a proteção do planeta. Os resultados indicam que a Construtora 3 cumpre melhor seu papel na percepção dos trabalhadores. Conclui-se que não há gerenciamento participativo nas três construtoras, pois os trabalhadores executam as atividades construtivas em obediência aos gestores.
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Cruz, Jorge Manuel Mendes de Pinho da. "Gestão integrada de resíduos industriais: análise comparativa entre o Estado de São Paulo e Portugal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-02102014-100623/.
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Com o agravamento dos problemas ocasionados pelos resíduos, a busca de soluções e orientações se torna cada vez mais evidente. As empresas, enquanto geradoras de resíduos industriais, são obrigadas por Lei a efetuar um correto gerenciamento dos seus resíduos. Conhecer a legislação ambiental aplicável é, por conseguinte, crucial para qualquer organização. O tema que se pretende desenvolver é a Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Industriais: análise comparativa entre o Estado de São Paulo e Portugal. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral realizar um estudo comparativo entre o Estado de São Paulo, representativo do Brasil, e Portugal, no que tange a gestão integrada de resíduos industriais, tendo como base os diplomas legais que regulam esta matéria em ambos os países, bem como dar uma visão global e sintética do funcionamento da gestão integrada de resíduos industriais em São Paulo e em Portugal. A metodologia a ser usada terá em conta a análise das políticas públicas voltadas para a gestão integrada de resíduos industriais e será realizada com base em pesquisas bibliográficas e revisão documental. O levantamento de dados e das principais exigências legais terá como forma dominante o uso de bancos de dados legais via internet, a consulta de trabalhos e estudos realizados sobre esta matéria, e revistas de informação técnica e científica.With the worsening problems caused by waste, finding solutions and guidance becomes increasingly evident. The companies, while generating industrial waste, are required by law to make a correct management of their waste. Meet applicable environmental legislation is therefore crucial for any organization. The topic to be developed is the Integrated Management of Industrial Waste: comparative analysis of the state of São Paulo and Portugal. This work has as main objective to carry out a comparative study between the State of São Paulo, representative of Brazil and Portugal, regarding the integrated management of industrial waste, based on the legislation governing the matter in both countries, as well as give insight global and synthetic functioning of integrated management of industrial waste in São Paulo and in Portugal. The methodology to be used will take account of the analysis focused on the integrated management of industrial waste and will be based on literature searches and document review public policies. The survey data and the main legal requirements will use as the dominant form of legal data banks via internet, consulting work and studies on the subject, and magazines of technical and scientific information.
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Makishi, Fausto. "Criação de valor compartilhado na cadeia de reciclagem: processamento dos resíduos da comercialização do coco verde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-04072012-140325/.
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A busca por uma solução comum para os impactos ambientais decorrentes da geração e acúmulo de resíduos sólidos e a condição de exclusão socioeconômica que atinge a uma significativa fatia da população em grandes centros urbanos leva a replicação de um modelo de gestão de resíduos sólidos que tem seu ponto de interseção nas cooperativas de trabalhadores da reciclagem. Alinhado a um contexto de demandas sociais de manutenção econômica, justiça social e preservação ambiental, a gestão compartilhada de resíduos é vista não como prática assistencialista corporativa, mas como oportunidade de negócio e ganhos bilaterais de criação de valor compartilhado. Este é o tema de interesse do presente trabalho, a inclusão socioeconômica veiculada ao aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos. Para isso, desenvolve-se uma pesquisa de base empírica, fundamentada na metodologia de pesquisa-ação, com objetivo de analisar tecnicamente e gerencialmente um projeto que propõe a inclusão socioeconômica por meio do processamento da casca de coco verde. A partir da integração de uma base conceitual e informações de natureza prática obtidas no desenvolvimento do projeto acima referido, assume-se o ganho de conhecimento empírico que possa contribuir com a temática envolvendo a gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a inclusão socioeconômica. A experiência mostrou que disponibilizar tecnologia e ensinar a operar os equipamentos não é suficiente para a sustentação do modelo de gestão compartilhada. É preciso oferecer suporte técnico e gerencial e entender as cooperativas de reciclagem como parte de um fluxo continuo de materiais, de informação, de dinheiro e de pessoas. Conclui-se que é preciso fomentar o desenvolvimento humano através da difusão de conhecimento, levando-o até a cooperativa, mas também permitindo que esse se difunda por ela.The waste management model could be a solution for two problems: the environmental impacts caused by the generation and accumulation of solid wastes, and socio-economical exclusion. Therefore in a context of social and economic development and environmental preservation, waste shared management is seen not creation of as a corporative assistentialist practice, but as a business opportunity and a win-win creation of shared value. This dissertation concerns the socio-economic inclusion developed coupled with the use of the solids wastes. So an empirical research was based on action-research methodology. The socio-economic inclusion by processing green coconut fiber was analyzed at a technical and managerial point of view. By integrating of a conceptual base and practical information obtained from to project development, empirical knowledge is gained. Contribute with urban solid waste management and socio-economical inclusion. The experience has shown that supply technology and teaching to operate the equipment is not sufficient to support the shared management model. It takes technical and managerial support and understand the recycling cooperatives as part of a continuous flow of materials, information, money and people. We conclude that it is necessary to foster human development through the dissemination of knowledge, leading him to the cooperative, but also allowing that to diffuse through it.
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CARVALHO, Vanderlei Souza. "Gestão dos resíduos sólidos e inclusão sócio-produtiva dos catadores de materiais recicláveis no Vale do São Francisco – Juazeiro-BA e Petrolina-PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17959.
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Este trabalho analisa a gestão dos resíduos sólidos nos municípios de Juazeiro-BA e Petrolina-PE no Vale do São Francisco, com atenção especial à inclusão sócio-produtiva dos catadores de materiais recicláveis nas políticas de resíduos sólidos, conforme recomenda a Lei Federal nº 12.305/2010 que instituiu a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos – PNRS. As duas cidades conviviam com lixões utilizados para a disposição inadequada dos resíduos sólidos coletados de forma indiferenciada e abrigavam centenas de catadores que coletavam materiais recicláveis nos lixões em meio a outros resíduos orgânicos e de serviços de Saúde. Os lixões passaram por processos de remediação a partir de 2006 – Petrolina-PE e de 2009 – Juazeiro-BA. A questão ambiental é analisada a partir da Sociologia ambiental, acolhendo contribuições da Economia ecológica e da Ecologia política para o reexame do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e a reflexão sobre um dos maiores desafios ambientais urbanos com que se defrontam as sociedades contemporâneas – o equacionamento da geração excessiva e disposição final dos resíduos sólidos. Analisa-se a redução da capacidade de coordenação política do Estado Nacional, a descentralização político-administrativa e as mudanças na gestão pública brasileira que objetivaram uma maior coordenação das políticas ambientais no plano local, com vistas à eficiência e efetividade na alocação de recursos na gestão ambiental. Analisada na literatura Sociológica como produtora de modelos de gestão democrática e participativa, a descentralização é estudada enfocando-se os avanços e limites, contrapondo-se à execução descentralizada e compartilhada da política ambiental, o caráter centralizado de sua formulação pelos órgãos da administração federal. A pesquisa analisa a legislação ambiental brasileira e a responsabilidade dos governos municipais pelos serviços de limpeza pública, baseada nas recomendações legais para a gestão local integrada e participativa dos resíduos sólidos, com prioridade para a redução, o tratamento, a reutilização e reciclagem, a redução da disposição final no solo, a coleta seletiva com inclusão sócio-produtiva dos catadores e a participação da sociedade civil. Caracterizados como municípios médios, Juazeiro e Petrolina inserem-se numa expressiva faixa da população brasileira e foram estudados comparativamente e em face dos indicadores de resíduos sólidos no Brasil disponibilizados por institutos como IBGE, IPEA, ABRELPE e SNIS do Ministério das Cidades. A pesquisa qualitativa analisa os avanços e limites das alternativas adotadas pelos municípios de Juazeiro e Petrolina, observando a situação da coleta seletiva, a participação social e a incorporação dos catadores de materiais recicláveis através de suas cooperativas na gestão dos resíduos sólidos. Analisa-se ainda o processo de remediação dos lixões, a retirada dos catadores de materiais recicláveis, a formação das cooperativas e as atuais condições de trabalho dos catadores nos dois municípios, de modo a compreender a situação presente destes novos agentes, parceiros das gestões locais de resíduos sólidos. Conclui-se que ocorreram importantes avanços no Brasil, de maneira geral e nos municípios médios, especialmente em Juazeiro e Petrolina, mas persistem limitações relacionadas à capacidade técnica e financeira para que os municípios médios possam realizar a gestão local integrada e participativa dos resíduos sólidos.
This academic work analyzes the management of solid waste in the municipalities of Juazeiro-BA and Petrolina-PE in the São Francisco Valley, with special attention to socio-productive inclusion of waste pickers in solid waste policies, as recommended by the Brazilian Federal Law Number 12.305 / 2010, which established the National Policy on Solid Waste - PNRS. The two cities lived with dumps used for improper disposal of solid waste collection in an undifferentiated way and housed hundreds of collectors who collected recyclable materials in landfills in the midst of other organic waste and health services. The landfills have undergone remediation processes from 2006 in Petrolina and 2009 in Juazeiro-BA. The environmental issue is analyzed from the environmental sociology, receiving contributions from the ecological economics and political ecology for the review of the concept of sustainable development and reflection on one of the greatest urban environmental challenges facing contemporary societies - excessive equating generation and final disposal of solid waste. Analyzes the reduction of policy coordination capacity of the National State, the political and administrative decentralization and changes in Brazilian public administration that aimed to better coordination of environmental policies at the local level, with the views to efficiency and effectiveness in resource allocation in the environmental management. Analyzed in sociological literature as a producer of a democratic and participatory management models, decentralization is studied focusing up progress and limits, in contrast to the decentralized and shared implementation of environmental policy, the centralized nature of its formulation by the organs of the federal administration. The research analyzes the Brazilian environmental legislation and the responsibility of local governments by public cleaning services, based on legal recommendations for integrated and participatory local solid waste management, giving priority to the reduction, treatment, reuse and recycling, reduction of the final disposal on the ground, the selective collection with socioproductive inclusion of collectors and the participation of civil society. Characterized as medium-sized cities, Juazeiro and Petrolina are part of a significant group of the Brazilian population and were studied comparatively and in the face of solid waste indicators in Brazil offered by institutes such as IBGE, IPEA, ABRELPE and SNIS from the Ministry of Cities. The qualitative research analyzes the advances and limitations of alternatives adopted by the municipalities of Juazeiro and Petrolina, observing the situation of selective collection, social participation and the inclusion of waste pickers through their cooperatives in the management of solid waste. It is analyzed even the landfills remediation process, the removal of waste pickers, the formation of cooperatives and the current working conditions of scavengers in the two municipalities, in order to understand the present situation of these new agents, local administrations partners of the solid waste. We conclude that there have been major advances in Brazil in general and medium-sized municipalities, especially in Juazeiro and Petrolina, but persisted limitations related to the technical and financial capacity for the medium-sized municipalities can carry out integrated and participatory local solid waste management.
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Alvarenga, Júlio Campos Fontes de. "Avaliação do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos em municípios da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais utilizando indicadores de sustentabilidade em conformidade com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3842.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-10Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study sought to evaluate in accordance to the Brazilian Solid Waste Policy, the solid waste management of 26 municipalities members of an Intermunicipal Consortium of Sanitation in Zona da Mata in State of Minas Gerais. The methodology for collecting and analyzing data was qualitative, comprising visits to the disposal areas and waste recovery facilities. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the public waste services managers, addressing all the issues proposed by Brazilian legislation 12.302/2010: political, environmental, technological/infrastructure, economic/financial, environmental education, mobilization and social inclusion. The results were by calculating the index of sustainable management of municipal solid waste, obtained through a matrix of indicators which measured and listed the municipalities in terms of degree of compliance with the requirements proposed by public policy. In the assessment of solid waste management, the results were given in dimensionless measures being the municipalities scored in a range 0-10. Most municipalities obtained a score less than 5 points, what showed that unable to fulfill most part of the requirements proposed by the Brazilian Law 12.305/2010 for the period fixed by it, for the period fixed by it, in August 2014, as proposed in this law.
Este estudo procurou avaliar, em conformidade com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos de 26 municípios integrantes do Consórcio Intermunicipal de Saneamento Básico da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. A metodologia adotada de coleta e análise de dados foi qualitativa, compreendendo visitas a áreas de disposição final e instalações de recuperação de resíduos existentes. Foram realizadas também entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores responsáveis pelos serviços de limpeza pública, abordando todas as dimensões propostas pela Lei Federal 12.305/2010: política, ambiental, tecnológica/infraestrutural, econômico/financeira, educação ambiental, mobilização e inclusão social. Os resultados foram avaliados através do cálculo do índice de sustentabilidade da gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, obtidos através de uma matriz de indicadores, que mensurou e elencou os municípios em relação ao grau de atendimento aos requisitos propostos pela política pública. Na avaliação da gestão de resíduos sólidos, os resultados foram apresentados em termos de medidas adimensionais sendo os municípios pontuados em intervalo de 0 a 10. A maioria dos municípios obteve uma pontuação inferior a 5 pontos, e não foi classificada como apta a cumprir grande parte dos requisitos propostos pela Lei Federal 12.305/2010, para o período determinado por esta, ou seja, agosto de 2014.
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Coentro, Rita Maria Cunha Leite. "Gest?o de Res?duos S?lidos em Aeroportos: Estudo de Caso do Aeroporto de Congonhas-S?o Paulo." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1061.
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At airports, one of the great challenges is to combine social, cultural and economic development, important to the country, and to mitigate the impacts caused by their implementation and operation. In this sense, the integrated management of solid waste is approached in this work, in order to bring, through a matrix of sustainability indicators, trends in the current scenario and sustainable development. The legislation used is characterized by considering the nature of the solid waste of Airports as dangerous to human health, so it is exclusive for this type of equipment and it has ANVISA as regulatory and oversight agency. The Congonhas Airport in S?o Paulo was chosen as a case study, since it is currently the largest in transit and revenue network in INFRAERO's Airports network and that, after the last update of PGRS, it has developed generation mechanisms focused on the reduction, reuse and recycling ofwaste, has shown significant results. Personally, since I was working at this airport during the period of updating the plan, I had contact with the diagnosis and follow-up of the actions developed. Some topics are rich in discussion, due to the small existence of literature referring to airports ofthe size ofCongonhas. The Congonhas Airport Solid Waste Management Plan is the main information source for this research. The management actions of the signed contracts and management actions are diagnosed to ensure the effectiveness of the health of passengers, users and society itself, with a focus on reducing these impacts. Through the analysis of the various dimensions of sustainability, and using the applicable methodology the full costs, the trends ofthe Congonhas Airport in sustainable development are evaluated, as well as the strengths and weaknesses that deserve attention in order to arrive at the best practices to reduce waste to landfills with incentives for recycling. In order to identify the best global practices regarding the Integrated and Sustainable Management of Solid Waste, a comparative study is carried out between the US, Europe and Congonhas Airport.
Em aeroportos, um dos grandes desafios ? aliar o desenvolvimento social, cultural e econormco, importantes para o pa?s, e a mitiga??o dos impactos causados por sua implanta??o e opera??o. Nesse sentido, a gest?o integrada de res?duos s?lidos ? abordada neste trabalho, de forma a trazer, atrav?s de uma matriz de indicadores de sustentabilidade, as tend?ncias no cen?rio atual e de desenvolvimento sustent?vel. A legisla??o utilizada se caracteriza por considerar a natureza do res?duo s?lido de Aeroportos como perigosa ? sa?de humana, por isso ? exclusiva para esse tipo de equipamento e tem a ANVISA como ?rg?o regulador e fiscalizador. Foi escolhido o Aeroporto de Congonhas em S?o Paulo, como estudo de caso, por ser hoje na rede de Aeroportos da INFRAERO o maior em movimento e receita, e que, ap?s a ?ltima atualiza??o do PGRS ter desenvolvido mecanismos de gera??o com foco na redu??o, reutiliza??o e reciclagem dos res?duos, tem apresentado resultados significativos. Por estar trabalhando nesse aeroporto durante o per?odo de atualiza??o do referido plano, a autora teve contato com o diagn?stico e acompanhamento das a??es desenvolvidas. Alguns t?picos d?o ?nfase nas discuss?es, pela pequena exist?ncia de literatura referente a aeroportos do porte de Congonhas. Afim de identificar as melhores pr?ticas mundiais quanto a Gest?o Integrada e Sustent?vel de Res?duos S?lidos, realiza-se um estudo comparativo entre os Aeroporto dos EUA, Europa e o Aeroporto de Congonhas. O Plano de Gerenciamento de Res?duos S?lidos do Aeroporto de Congonhas ? a fonte de informa??es principal desta pesquisa. S?o diagnosticadas as a??es de gest?o dos contratos firmados e a??es gerenciais que visam garantir a efetividade quanto a sa?de dos passageiros, usu?rios e a pr?pria sociedade, com foco na redu??o desses impactos. Atrav?s da an?lise das diversas dimens?es de sustentabilidade, e utilizando a metodologia aplic?vel dos custos completos, s?o avaliadas as tend?ncias do Aeroporto de Congonhas quanto ao desenvolvimento sustent?vel, bem como identificados os pontos fortes e fracos, que merecem aten??o para atingir as melhores pr?ticas para redu??o do envio dos res?duos a aterros sanit?rios, com incentivo ? reciclagem.
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Piassi, Leandro Martines. "Estudo dos programas de reciclagem da USP/São Carlos e da UFSCar através da logística reversa e gestão do conhecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-14042008-082150/.
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Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo o de comparar os programas de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos da USP campus São Carlos e da UFSCar campus São Carlos através da logística reversa e da gestão do conhecimento. A principal razão para o desenvolvimento do trabalho é identificar lacunas no fluxo de conhecimento dos programas e, de posse dos dados, sugerir melhorias nesse fluxo. O método consiste em caracterizar os programas desde sua organização até a execução do trabalho e, posteriormente, através dos dados dos questionários aplicados, identificar as possíveis lacunas no fluxo do conhecimento nos programas. As principais conclusões do presente trabalho é que ambos os programas apresentam similaridades nos processos reversos de reintrodução à cadeia produtiva dos resíduos gerados e que as lacunas existentes no fluxo de conhecimento podem prejudicar o andamento dos programas. Os métodos apresentados servem de incentivo e alerta para outros programas de reciclagem de universidades do país e para programas internos de empresas que não priorizam o gerenciamento do fluxo do conhecimento em suas instituições.The main aim oh this work is to compare the recycling programs of USP campus São Carlos and UFSCar campus São Carlos using the concepts of the reverse logistics and knowledge management. The principal reason for the development of this work is to identify the gaps in the knowledge flow of the programs and, with the data, make suggestions to improve de knowledge flow. The method consists in characterize the programs since their organization until the work execution and, after that, with the data of the questionnaires, try to identify the gaps in the knowledge flow in the programs. The main conclusions of this work are that both programs show similarities in their reverse processes of reintroduction to the productive chain of the generated solid waste and that the gaps in the knowledge flow can be harmful to the programs. The presented methods serve as incentive and alert for other recycling programs of universities of the country and for internal programs of companies that not prioritize the management of the knowledge flow.
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Aquino-Ferreira, Roseli de [UNESP]. "Memória e História do Programa USP Recicla: contribuições para a construção de uma Universidade Sustentável." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144683.
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A sociedade se torna cada vez mais autocrítica e reflexiva no tocante as questões ambientais e os movimentos nesse sentido contribuem para o grande desafio de promover mudanças que estimulem o engajamento num processo contínuo de novas leituras, interpretações e ações de fortalecimento de práticas sustentáveis. Assim, a Universidade de São Paulo (USP) passou a divulgar seu compromisso para uma visão global e crítica dos problemas ambientais nos campi, mostrando-se comprometida com a formulação de ações para o envolvimento de diversas instâncias e Unidades dessa instituição de ensino superior (IES), com o intuito de repensar práticas sociais e ambientais que compreendessem as inter-relações dos problemas, soluções e responsabilidades na construção de uma Universidade Sustentável. Em nosso entendimento, a Universidade deve contribuir para a formação de profissionais/cidadãos críticos e habilitados para atuarem sobre as questões socioambientais, proporcionando a melhoria da qualidade de vida para comunidade universitária, do seu entorno e da sociedade em geral. Nesse contexto, a USP promove o Programa USP Recicla que se propõe a estimular valores na direção da sustentabilidade socioambiental em sua comunidade universitária, estabelecendo uma grande teia de trabalho. Esse programa permanente da Universidade foi institucionalizado em 1994 e desde então atua em seus campi, atingindo atores para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental e de vida, promovendo, ainda, marcantes vivências de Educação Ambiental e de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos nos campi envolvidos. Essas vivências desempenham um papel de fundamental importância para a sensibilização e conscientização que, por sua vez passam a contribuir de modo concreto para a gestão ambiental nos ambientes universitários. Diante do exposto, propomos um projeto que teve por objetivo registrar a história e a trajetória do programa com o intuito de apontar suas concepções e percurso e ainda discutir a atuação do Programa USP Recicla, considerando sua efetiva participação para a implantação de uma Universidade Sustentável; analisar sua contribuição para a formação de educadores ambientais nos campi da USP e; analisar o Programa USP Recicla quanto ao seu propósito teórico inicial e sua efetiva ação para o estimulo à elaboração de Políticas Públicas de Educação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade na Universidade. Ao investigar a ação educativa do Programa USP Recicla, foi almejado preencher uma lacuna no campo de conhecimento da área de formação em Educação Ambiental, principalmente no que tange a formação de educadores fora do ambiente escolar. Assim, as memórias de 41 atores (12 docentes, 24 funcionários e 5 alunos) do Programa USP Recicla foram registradas, através da metodologia da história oral, buscando compor a narrativa da história e da trajetória do Programa. Compreender e registrar as visões, sentimentos e práticas de pessoas e grupos são formas poderosas de difundir conhecimento e construir fontes alternativas para a compreensão e análise de processos históricos, possibilitando a revisão dos valores e direcionando novas condutas para um sentido social, cultural e ambiental mais amplo e significativo, que pode ainda estimular valores e comportamentos voltados para o desenvolvimento de sociedades sustentáveis.
The society becomes increasingly self-critical and reflective regarding environmental issues and moves accordingly contribute to the challenge of promoting changes that encourage engagement in a continuous process of new readings, interpretations and strengthen sustainable practices actions. Thus, the University of São Paulo (USP) began to publish its commitment to a comprehensive and critical view of environmental problems on campi, being committed to the development of actions for the involvement of various bodies and units of this institution of higher education (IES), in order to rethink social and environmental practices to understand the interrelationships of problems, solutions and responsibilities in building a sustainable university. In our view, the University should contribute to the training of professionals and empowered citizens to act on environmental issues, providing improved quality of life for the university community, its environment and society in general. In this context, USP promotes USP Recicla program that aims to encourage values and behaviors proenvironmentals in the university community, establishing a great web work. This permanent program at the University was institutionalized in 1994 and since then acts on the seven campi of USP, reaching actors to improve environmental quality and of life, promoting also striking experiences of Environmental Education and Solid Waste Integrated Management on campuses involved . Such experiences play a role of fundamental importance for the awareness and consciousness that in turn start to contribute in a concrete way for environmental management in university environments. Given the above, we propose a project that aimed to record the history and the program's path in order to point out their views and route and also discuss the performance of the USP Recicla Program, considering their effective participation to the implementation of a Sustainable University; analyze their contribution to the formation of environmental educators on campus and the USP; analyze the USP Recicla Program about their initial theoretical purpose and effective action to stimulate the development of Public Policies for Environmental Education and Sustainability at the University. When investigating the educational activities of USP Recicla Program was sought to fill a gap in the training area of the field of knowledge in environmental education, especially regarding the training of educators outside the school environment. Thus, the memories of 41 players (12 teachers, 24 employees and 5 students) USP Recicla Program were recorded through oral history methodology, trying to compose the narrative of history and the program's path. Understand and record the views, feelings and practices of individuals and groups are powerful ways to spread knowledge and build alternative sources for understanding and analysis of historical processes, enabling the revision of the values and guiding new behaviors for a social sense, cultural and environmental more broad and significant, that can also stimulate values and behaviors aimed at the development of sustainable societies.
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Jaensson, Stina. "Solid waste management implementation, an opportunity not to be wasted : Solid waste management in Babati, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2432.
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The amount of waste is increasing in the world due to changed consumption patterns and increasing populations. This is a problem especially in poor countries where the ability to handle the waste is limited due to financial and management problems. The non-profit organization WASTE has developed an Integrated Sustainable Waste Management- concept (ISWM), trying to help cities with waste management. The concept focuses on cooperation and participation among stakeholders, and also introduction of micro-and small enterprises and community based organizations. The aim of this thesis is to give recommendations to Babati, a small town in the north of Tanzania, how to develop their waste management based on the concept of ISWM. A case study has been carried out in the town, founding out that the streets of the town is free from litter today but is facing big challenges in the future. The town has a growing population and is just about to change waste management system. The new system is not developed in cooperation with the stakeholders in the town, but rather an initiative from the authorities, which will make the system very fragile. However, it is not too late to take action for securing a successful implementation of the system. The authorities of Babati now have an opportunity to adjust the solid waste system before population and the mountain of waste gets out of control. The suggestions given to Babati are to have parallel systems of waste collecting; it will try to meet people’s different needs. Encourage people to make waste handling into a business is also essential, that will reduce the amount of waste and generate incomes at the same time. Finally and most important is to involve all stakeholders and listen to their needs. If the stakeholders are parts of the process and involved in decision making, it is much more likely that the system becomes sustainable and a success.
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Wright, Linda Marie. "Sustainable waste management and vermicomposting of biodegradable municipal waste." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407990.
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