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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sustainable transportation'
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1
Nesbjørg, Lene. "Environmentally focused measures for sustainable vehicle transportation." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11275.
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Emissions from road traffic contribute a substantial part of the total CO2 emissions from the transport sector. The amount of passenger cars is rapidly increasing, which leads to an increase in CO2 emissions, even though the average CO2 emissions from new cars are decreasing. This thesis has evaluated the vehicle technologies available at present and examined the measures currently in use to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars, focusing on the European Union and Norway. Suggested measures for reduction in CO2 have been discussed. A harmonisation in fiscal taxation system throughout the European Union should be implemented, where a purely and directly CO2 based taxation system would give the largest CO2 reductions.In Norway a large part of the taxation potential is already utilized through registration tax and fuel tax. The taxes should be altered to be purely CO2 based if the objection of a tax is to prohibit the increase in emissions. By using a taxation system that affects a persons usage of a car, and not the ownership, could make more people seek other means of transportation.A taxation system should not be implemented without measures to expand and upgrade the public transportation. Vast improvements in the Norwegian public transportation is a must if the reduction of CO2 possible and significant.
2
Kruizenga, Schuyler. "Sustainable Transportation in The City of Claremont." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/544.
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This paper will examine transportation as follows; first it will discuss traffic as a whole and in Claremont. Second, sustainability in Claremont will be looked at great depth highlighting the city’s goals and methods for creating sustainable transportation. Examples of roadways in the city will be given and reevaluated as satisfying sustainable traffic. Policy regulations and restrictions will then be discussed on how the contribute to congestion and affect sustainable transportation. Finally sustainability will be redefined in regards to transportation and assessing city roadways.
3
Reazul, Ahsan S. M. "Sustainable transportation policy for Dhaka city, Bangladesh." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260986.
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4
Monaco, Simone <1984>. "Advanced lithium battery chemistries for sustainable transportation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6287/1/monaco_simone_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The specific energy of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is today 200 Wh/kg, a value not sufficient to power fully electric vehicles with a driving range of 400 km which requires a battery pack of 90 kWh. To deliver such energy the battery weight should be higher than 400 kg and the corresponding increase of vehicle mass would narrow the driving range to 280 km. Two main strategies are pursued to improve the energy of the rechargeable lithium batteries up to the transportation targets. The first is the increase of LIBs working voltage by using high-voltage cathode materials. The second is the increase of battery capacity by the development of a cell chemistry where oxygen redox reaction (ORR) occurs at the cathode and metal lithium is the anode (Li/O2 battery). This PhD work is focused on the development of high-voltage safe cathodes for LIBs, and on the investigation of the feasibility of Li/O2 battery operating with ionic liquid(IL)-based electrolytes. The use of LiMn1-xFexPO4 as high-voltage cathode material is discussed. Synthesis and electrochemical tests of three different phosphates, more safe cathode materials than transition metal oxides, are reported. The feasibility of Li/O2 battery operating in IL-based electrolytes is also discussed. Three aspects have been investigated: basic aspects of ORR, synthesis and characterization of porous carbons as positive electrode materials and study of limiting factors to the electrode capacity and cycle-life. Regarding LIBs, the findings on LiMnPO4 prepared by soluble precursors demonstrate that a good performing Mn-based olivine is viable without the coexistence of iron. Regarding Li/O2 battery, the oxygen diffusion coefficient and concentration values in different ILs were obtained. This work highlighted that the O2 mass transport limits the Li/O2 capacity at high currents; it gave indications on how to increase battery capacity by using a flow-cell and a porous carbon as cathode.
5
Monaco, Simone <1984>. "Advanced lithium battery chemistries for sustainable transportation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6287/.
Full textAbstract:
The specific energy of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is today 200 Wh/kg, a value not sufficient to power fully electric vehicles with a driving range of 400 km which requires a battery pack of 90 kWh. To deliver such energy the battery weight should be higher than 400 kg and the corresponding increase of vehicle mass would narrow the driving range to 280 km. Two main strategies are pursued to improve the energy of the rechargeable lithium batteries up to the transportation targets. The first is the increase of LIBs working voltage by using high-voltage cathode materials. The second is the increase of battery capacity by the development of a cell chemistry where oxygen redox reaction (ORR) occurs at the cathode and metal lithium is the anode (Li/O2 battery). This PhD work is focused on the development of high-voltage safe cathodes for LIBs, and on the investigation of the feasibility of Li/O2 battery operating with ionic liquid(IL)-based electrolytes. The use of LiMn1-xFexPO4 as high-voltage cathode material is discussed. Synthesis and electrochemical tests of three different phosphates, more safe cathode materials than transition metal oxides, are reported. The feasibility of Li/O2 battery operating in IL-based electrolytes is also discussed. Three aspects have been investigated: basic aspects of ORR, synthesis and characterization of porous carbons as positive electrode materials and study of limiting factors to the electrode capacity and cycle-life. Regarding LIBs, the findings on LiMnPO4 prepared by soluble precursors demonstrate that a good performing Mn-based olivine is viable without the coexistence of iron. Regarding Li/O2 battery, the oxygen diffusion coefficient and concentration values in different ILs were obtained. This work highlighted that the O2 mass transport limits the Li/O2 capacity at high currents; it gave indications on how to increase battery capacity by using a flow-cell and a porous carbon as cathode.
6
Fulzele, Vijayta. "Performance management system for sustainable freight transportation." Thesis, IITD, 2019. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/8105.
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7
Mostachjov, Dmitrij. "Sustainable public transportation: quantifying the benefits of sustainable Bus Rapid Transit systems." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173933.
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Transportation in densely populated areas is becoming increasingly problematic. Congestion, air pollution, accident-related fatalities and time wasted in traffic are only a few of issues associated urban transportation. Personal transportation is expected to increase by 63% total, where car traffic is expected to increase by 67% and railway traffic – by 80% during the period from 2006 to 2050. With that kind of dynamic, reaching the currently set sustainability goals is impossible. This raises the need for introducing sustainable public transportation solutions. Defining sustainability in the context of public transportation and taking into account the case-specific differences that affect the definition is an important step in this process. Quantification and the use of calculation tools for sustainability impact assessment are important for discussing the subject in concretized terms. Public transportation involves a multitude of stakeholders that each have their own responsibility areas. Since public transportation systems are ultimately a collective effort, every stakeholder has to partake in this endeavor on their corresponding level of responsibility. Socioeconomic criteria are an integral part of sustainability impact analysis, since it puts technical transport-related calculations into a broader context that goes beyond the transport sector. This is a qualitative applied study of Scania’s efforts in developing calculation models to facilitate leading the dialogue by providing quantitative evidence during the early stages of their solution sales process. In this report, the methodology for sustainability impact assessment, traffic planning and socioeconomic calculations are studied and applied on the case of Scania, where a holistic calculation tool is developed for the company. Bus Rapid Transit systems have been proven to be effective, sustainable solutions of public transportation in several regions. The vehicle fleet is an important component within the BRT system, which is why calculation tools for analysis of sustainability impacts of BRT systems have high strategic significance for Scania. By providing quantitative evidence of the benefits of sustainable public transportation, the company is going to be able to gain additional market shares while simultaneously promoting sustainable urban public transportation.Transport i tätbefolkade områden blir alltmer problematiskt. Trängsel, luftföroreningar, olycksrelaterade dödsfall och tid bortslösad i trafiken är bara några av de typiska problemen som medföljer modern stadstrafik. Personlig transporter förväntas öka med 63% totalt, där biltrafiken förväntas öka med 67% och järnvägstrafiken - med 80% under perioden från 2006 till 2050. Om den typen av dynamik fortsätter, är det omöjligt att nå de i dagsläget satta hållbarhetsmålen. Detta skapar ett behov av att införa hållbara kollektivtrafiklösningar. Att definiera hållbarhet inom kollektivtrafiksammanhanget med hänsyn till fallspecifika aspekter som påverkar definitionen är ett viktigt steg i denna process. Kvantifiering och användning av beräkningsverktyg för att göra hållbarhetsbedömningar är viktiga för att diskutera ämnet i konkretiserade termer. Transportsektorn involverar en mängd aktörer som var och en har sina egna ansvarsområden. Eftersom kollektivtrafiksystem i slutändan definieras av samtliga aktörernas kollektiva insats, är det upp till varje aktör att engagera sig i processen på deras motsvarande ansvarsnivå. Samhällsekonomiska kriterier är en viktig del av hållbarhetskonsekvensbeskrivning, eftersom det sätter tekniska transportrelaterade beräkningar i ett bredare sammanhang som sträcker sig utöver transportsektorn. Detta är en kvalitativ tillämpad studie av Scanias arbete inom utveckling av beräkningsmodeller som ska underlätta att föra dialogen genom att tillhandahålla kvantitativa bevis i ett tidigt skede i försäljningsprocessen av kollektivtrafiklösningar. I denna rapport, är metodiken för hållbarhetskonsekvensbeskrivning, trafikplanering och samhällskonomiska beräkningar studerad och tillämpad på fallet Scania, där ett helhetsberäkningsverktyg har utvecklats för företaget. Bus Rapid Transit-system har visat sig vara effektiva och hållbara lösningar för kollektivtrafiken i flera regioner. Fordonsparken är en viktig komponent i BRT-systemet, vilket är anledningen till att beräkningsverktyg för analys av hållbarhetseffekterna av BRT-system har hög strategisk betydelse för Scania. Genom att uttrycka fördelarna med hållbar kollektivtrafik i kvantifierade termer kommer företaget att kunna få ytterligare marknadsandelar och samtidigt främja hållbar storstadskollektivtrafik.
8
Mancheva, Marta. "Hidden Transcripts on Public Transportation: A Meta-Methodological Exploration of Visual Ethnography in Qualitative Transportation Research." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259147.
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Better understanding of urban travelers is necessary, as sustainable development is becoming an integral part of transportation policy and practice. A volume of research shows people’s expressed willingness to adopt more sustainable urban travel behaviours, but a general sense of resistance to change is often encountered. Current methods in transportation research are not able to fully grasp on individual motivations such as discontent with public transport. This gap of knowledge in qualitative transportation research calls for the development of new methods. James Scott’s concept of the hidden transcript allows for the assumption that there are expressions of dissatisfaction towards public transportation at grassroots level. In order to access hidden transcripts on public transportation in Stockholm there is a need for a new method, which is developed in this thesis. The proposed visual mixed method draws from principles of visual ethnography, virtual ethnography, nethnography and social media research. The methodology is then tested and assessed as a platform to give voice to hidden transcripts on public transportation. The choice of method for developing the method is meta-methodology. The discussion sheds light on the potential of the framework (1) to grant access to hidden transcripts; (2) to fill a knowledge gap in transportation qualitative research; (3) to assist planners towards sustainable development of urban transportation.
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Yilmaz, Begum. "Political And Legal Documents For Ensuring Sustainable Urban Transportation." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613773/index.pdf.
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Principle of sustainability, as in all areas, is becoming a major issue in urban transportation planning all around the world. Urban transportation political and legal documents are statutory basis of urban transportation plans and projects and developed countries have established urban transportation political and legal documents to ensure that local governments implement plans and projects in line with the sustainability principle. In this thesis, it is intended to analyze the sufficiency of central government&rsquos political and legal documents on urban transportation in Turkey in realizing the sustainability of urban transportation plans and projects. For this aim, political and main legal documents of sustainable urban transportation in United States of America (USA) and United Kingdom (UK), which is accepted as one of the leaders in the world about sustainable transportation, are analyzed. Based on this analysis a checklist has been produced, highlighting headings for sustainable urban transportation that should be present in a country&rsquo
s political and legal documents in order to guide and perhaps enforce local governments. Then this checklist has been applied to Turkey to determine strengths and weaknesses of political documents and legislations in Turkey with regards to sustainable urban transportation. A comparative analysis has also been carried out with Turkey, USA and UK under three main headings which are policy documents
guidance papers for local governments, acts and laws
and nation-wide studies. As a result, strengths and weaknesses about political and legal basis of sustainable urban transportation in Turkey have been illustrated and recommendations were made for Turkey to adopt guidance papers and legislations.
10
Altintasi, Oruc. "Assessment Of Scenarios For Sustainable Transportation At Metu Campus." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615466/index.pdf.
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Sustainable transportation aims encouragement of non-motorized (pedestrian and bicyclist) and shared-ride transportation modes instead of car-dependent travels. This is important for university campuses, as they have better chance to implement such policies in a rather controlled traffic network, and can set an example to other communities. Most of sustainable campus transportation programs boil down to reduction of car-based emission cost of campus mobility, which is always the first step in developing more sustainable transportation policies.
Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara has a large campus area and a population over 30,000 people. To develop sustainable campus transportation policies, it was important to quantify the current levels of mobility and vehicle emissions within the campus, which was the main motivation behind this study. This required determination of i) campus origin-destination matrix, ii) in-campus vehicle-km-travelled (vehicle-km), and iii) carbon emissions. Travel data obtained from different sources, including the gate entry with RFID systems enabled analysis of different user groups, such as academic and administrative personnel and students, separately.
The traffic simulations were prepared in PTV VISUM, which provided both speed and vehicle-km values for road segments, and could represent multi-user group demand matrices in a single traffic assignment. Based on the base case mobility and emission values, more sustainable campus transportation policies were simulated in PTV VISUM, and assessed in terms of carbon emission impacts. Discouraging of private car usage by students seemed the first and simplest action.
11
Alam, Ahsan. "Quantifying the road safety benefits of sustainable transportation : transit." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30502.
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As more and more people require transportation, not only must it be efficient and economically affordable, it must also increase safety and be environmentally friendly. High road traffic collisions have been recognized as a global major public health and safety problem. Present autodominant culture results in more traffic congestion, collisions, and environmental deterioration. So, there is a need to shift people from auto to a more sustainable transportation system that will promote reduced congestion levels, reduced environmental pollutions, improved road safety, and regional economic growth. This research quantified the road safety benefits of sustainable
transportation in the form of increased transit services.
The objective of the research was: (1) to develop an auto-based transportation planning model of
the Regional District of Central Okanagan (RDCO) for year 2006 and 2020; (2) to conduct road
safety analysis due to future transit and road network improvements; and, (3) to identify collision prone locations of the region.
This research built AM period 4-step transportation planning model of the RDCO for the years 2006 and 2020. It proposed RDCO specific trip generation rate and a new auto mode share model, which can be used for future transportation modeling of the region. This research developed collision prediction models (CPMs) for the RDCO, which can be used to predict future AM period collisions. This research also built RDCO transportation planning model for 2020 having four sub-scenarios: (1) do-nothing; (2) only road improvements; (3) only transit improvements; and, (4) both transit and road improvements. It was found that transit
improvements have the potential to significantly reduce urban and rural collisions. This research
also suggests that construction of new roads in rural areas might result in collision increases.
This is a very important consideration for transportation planners before constructing new roads in rural areas. This research also identified, ranked and analyzed collision prone locations (CPLs)which would help decision makers as they consider where to spend resources, targeting locations with the highest potential for safety improvements. It is believed that the results of this research would contribute significantly in future transportation planning and road safety evaluation of the region.
12
Vidal, Arturo Martin. "Sustainable Urban Mobility : Transportation Solutions for Future Urban Environments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354003.
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This is a study of urban mobility, where urban areas are defined as diverse and complex locations with a metabolism composed of multiple components and subsystems. Currently, more than 60% of the world’s population live in urban areas, a number expected to grow significantly. Most cities are unsustainable and often in ecological deficit; cities over- consume or pollute their natural resources, while unequal distribution of resources also occur. Thus, leading to serious economic and social imbalances, something that is possible to appreciate in developing nation-states. With population growth and economic concentration in urban areas, transport policies are forcing governments to seek innovative solutions for shaping and re-shaping existing and future transportation systems. Transport infrastructure related to congestion, accidents, local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) is a challenge for many major cities in the world. This study covers the political and socio-economical processes with regards to the environmental challenges in the Peruvian transport system. It includes an analysis of the strategies and indicators of good governance by the central, metropolitan and local governments, with the aim of identifying the main drivers and barriers to improving the current transport system in Lima. It is important to highlight that urban mobility is an important component of urban planning and is constituted by the urban transport system, land use, traffic management, inter-modality, accessibility and public space management, among other things. The appropriate approach to urban mobility joins the vision of a city with citizenship (Ministerio de Vivienda 2016). From an Urban Political Ecology (UPE) perspective, one can appreciate that the transport system in Lima seems directly derived from complex social, economic and political relations and where environmental challenges are less vocal (Robbins 2012). And seen from the Entrepreneurial or innovative state and as described by Schumpeter, the role that a state or governments hold is crucial in a well-functioning society in the context of a capitalism society. An efficient government is vital in providing goods and services, rules and institutions for ensuring that the market grows, as well as directing citizens to a more prosperous life. Without such a government, sustainable development in social and economical aspects is impossible. However, the results of this study not only presents several challenges to the structure of the national, regional and local governments in Lima, but also the various dimensions to these challenges that exist. These insights are important to highlight and address, as moving towards an urban transformation that is sustainable and durable will require considerable intervention from governments to achieve substantial reductions in GHG emissions.
13
Bloomfield, Jessica. "An Alternative Alternative: The Road to Sustainable Transportation Law." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13238.
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The dominance of motor vehicle use throughout America reflects a massive government intervention on behalf of automobiles. Congress directs billions of dollars into America's highway system annually, assuming that building new roadways is the best option to move people and goods from one place to another. These policies stand in direct contradiction to today's travel patterns.
This research examines ways to improve federal law to achieve a more sustainable transportation future. First, it identifies the specific provisions in federal transportation law that inhibit the development of "low-build" transportation projects. Second, it describes challenges to halting roadway construction through litigation in federal court.
Understanding the problems of federal transportation law and litigation sheds light on the ways to make positive change in the next federal surface transportation reauthorization. This research culminates in recommendations for how Congress can implement policies that require a comprehensive approach to transportation planning.
14
Janechek, Matthew James. "Sustainable transportation in a low to zero impact vehicle." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/520.
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This paper considers major downfalls of current transportation practice and policy while discussing my efforts of improving efficient means of mobility. By commenting on current legislation, historical events and perceptions I will justify my efforts and approach of transportation design that has led to the Master's Thesis project of bike design and construction.
15
Lee, Chi-on. "Sustainable development and integrated transport planning : "Is Hong Kong moving towards a more sustainable transport system for new development areas?" /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2104238X.
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Gerike, Regine. "How to make sustainable transportation a reality the development of three constitutive task fields for transportation." München Oekom-Verl, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2965809&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Dhakras, Bhairavi. "Study of parameters in the development of sustainable transportation system : a case study of Mumbai, India /." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1091752742.
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Thesis (M.S.V.)--University of Toledo, 2004.Typescript. "A thesis [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Science degree in Civil Engineering." Bibliography: leaves 116-121.
18
Burt, Zelda. "A Case Study of Creating a Sustainable Marine Transportation Workforce." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34665.
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Many workforce-related shortages in the marine transportation industry can be attributed to low birth rates, high levels of upcoming retirements, and evolving occupational complexities of the industry. These challenges may soon place the marine transportation industry in a workforce crisis within some high-demand occupations. This explanatory case study examines how the Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland’s learns and adapts its practices to more effectively attract, recruit, and retain students for a career at sea. The study applies organizational learning theory as a practical lens to better understand the phenomenon of learning at the organizational level, how it occurs, and the processes involved which enable transformation. The study looks at communicative and collaborative processes of members, including collective thinking, reflection on past experiences, and dialogue, which combined, enable changing conventional ways of thinking. The findings describe how the organization constructs solutions, how it learns and reacts to workforce complexities.
19
Chintoan, Uta Marin. "Maritime domain awareness : pillar for sustainable development of maritime transportation." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11663.
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Doutoramento em Estudos de DesenvolvimentoThis research is an innovative approach to assess the application of sustainable development principles into the socio-technical domain of maritime surveillance by investigating potential governance models for expanding the Nation-state sectorial Maritime Domain Awareness arrangement towards regional and global integrated cooperative data sharing approach based on the need-to-know and responsibility-to-share principle. The investigation was performed using a variety of complementary qualitative methodologies centered on Action Research. The resulting data was analyzed and structured with the use of the “Framework for Sustainable Strategic Development” tool-kit. The methodology was first applied at regional (European Union) level and then expanded to develop a model for the Global Maritime Domain Awareness governance arrangement. The outcome suggests that the existing model of nation-state maritime surveillance is not able to cope with the new maritime challenges of international dimensions, such as high-sea piracy or massive illegal immigration, and a change towards regional and global cooperative models is more suitable to support the sustainable development of maritime transportation. Potential solutions for moving towards the proposed governance arrangements are provided in the form of model-diagrams and supported by a set of guidelines, which map the recommended actions against the principles of sustainable development. The European Union regional model is complemented by a draft Directive as potential implementation tool.
Esta pesquisa é uma abordagem inovadora para avaliar a aplicação dos princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável para o domínio sociotécnico da vigilância marítima, investigando potenciais modelos para a expansão do modelo existente de governação baseado na abordagem sectorial do estado-nação, para modelos regionais ou globais com base na partilha de dados e de cooperação responsável das partes interessadas. A investigação foi realizada utilizando uma variedade de metodologias qualitativas complementares centradas na pesquisa-ação. Os dados resultantes foram analisados e estruturados com o uso da "Estrutura para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estratégico". A metodologia foi aplicada pela primeira vez a nível regional (União Europeia) e, em seguida, expandiu-se para desenvolver um modelo para o arranjo de governança global da vigilância marítima. O resultado da pesquisa sugere que o modelo existente de vigilância marítima do Estado-nação não é capaz de lidar com os novos desafios marítimos de dimensões internacionais, tais como a pirataria em alto mar ou a imigração ilegal maciça, e uma mudança para modelos de cooperação regional e global é mais adequada para apoiar o desenvolvimento sustentável do transporte marítimo. Soluções potenciais para avançar para as disposições de governação propostos são fornecidos sob a forma de modelos-diagramas e apoiada por um conjunto de indicações que mapeiam as ações recomendadas contra os princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável. O modelo regional União Europeia é complementado por um projeto de diretiva como um potencial instrumento de implementação
20
Kühne, Kathrin Sabine [Verfasser]. "Contributions to sustainable invoicing processes and transportation / Kathrin Sabine Kühne." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174302526/34.
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Lee, Sin-yee Cindy. "Developing a sustainable transport system in Hong Kong : the nature and impacts of planning and policy constraints /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19906602.
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22
Lam, Wing-yee Winnie, and 林泳怡. "Individual mobility for socially sustainable transport." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752889.
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A socially sustainable transport system has to make sure that opportunities are accessible to all. The social dimension is important as transport-related barriers can contribute to social injustice. A well-functioning transport system should promote greater equity by linking people and places together. The discussion in this thesis revolves around the main concept of individual mobility. It refers to the ease with which an individual can move from one place to another to access opportunities. The main research objective of the thesis is to investigate the factors affecting individual mobility of three selected transport-disadvantaged groups, namely children, working mothers and the elderly.
The thesis presents three in-depth case studies within a framework of time geography. Each study highlights the individual mobility problems confronted by the selected transport-disadvantaged group. The first case study is a detailed investigation of children’s mobility to access educational opportunities. The next chapter examines gendered mobility of working mothers and their counterparts. Finally, a walkability study is carried out to evaluate how the walking environment affects outdoor mobility of the aging population. This research employs a suite of methods in evaluating individual mobility. Children’s access to educational opportunities is examined through the computation of the size of potential path area and the number of weighted opportunities reachable within given space-time constraints. To move on, multilevel analysis is carried out to compare the daily activity spaces of married couples. Finally, a walkability assessment is conducted to evaluate factors affecting older people’s access to health-care facilities. These approaches build up to a comprehensive and holistic view to explore the issue of socially sustainable transport.
By providing a more focused picture on the transport problems faced by groups which run the risks of being excluded in the mainstream transport development, this study has the potential to provide a new and comprehensive outlook in the theme of social sustainability in transport research. This thesis brings the social, spatial and temporal dimensions together in planning for a socially sustainable transport system. The results of each case study provide advice and develop initiatives to work towards a more inclusive, equitable and sustainable society. The findings from the chapter on children show that place disadvantage is an important issue to be addressed. For working mothers, the household responsibility hypothesis is evident, despite the compact city environment. The final chapter shows that active transport can benefit elderly citizens in a multitude of ways. More walkability assessments surrounding health-care and other opportunities should be looked into and audited. From the findings, the research concludes that the needs of these groups are not thoroughly addressed in Hong Kong, and related geographical research is also limited in the field. The urge to address the preferences and needs of these groups are of strategic
importance. Recommendations for future research include an improved understanding of the needs among an expanded range of stakeholders and depending on the locations in where they live.published_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
23
Yu, Ka-yi Carrie. "Hong Kong's environmentally sustainable transport : rail-based or road-based? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425982.
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24
Dixit, Shweta. "Modeling Emission Footprints of Sustainable Land Use Policies at Local Jurisdictional Level." Thesis, George Mason University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10616646.
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Sustainable land use practices are redefining the urban form, mobility and therefore the transportation planning processes. Regional travel demand models are not sensitive to variables associated with land use practices at neighborhood level, such as transit-oriented developments (TOD). The first objective of this research is to quantify and compare land-use specific emission footprints at the household level (grams/household) for TOD and Non-TOD areas. Household travel survey data is used to stratify households into various TOD and Non-TOD zones. A comparison of means for emission footprints between Non-TOD and TOD land uses indicated that Non-TOD emission footprints are much higher than the TOD footprints and the differences are statistically significant. On the other hand, the differences amongst pairs of TODs and pairs of Non-TODs showed no statistical significance.
As its second major objective, the research proposes a disaggregate methodology (the Methodology) that is sensitive enough to sustainable land use policies and allows planners to quantify emission impacts of the policies at sub-regional level. At the center of the Methodology is a sub-regional travel demand model with finer TAZ resolution than what is represented in the regional model for the same sub-region. Different land use scenarios, including TODs, and transit patronages are represented in the experimental implementation of the Methodology for Loudoun County, VA, which is a rapidly growing suburban county in the metropolitan Washington D.C. area. Loudoun County’s brisk growth, its emphasis on sustainable land use and transportation planning, and recent expansion of Metro rail service in to the County presented a unique opportunity to develop and experiment with TOD scenarios in the end-to-end (from planning to modeling) implementation of the Methodology. The effectiveness of the Methodology is demonstrated by the results, which show that emission reductions can be achieved by sustainable land use policy implementation at sub regional level. Furthermore, unlike the regional models, the Methodology is found to adequately model sensitivity of emissions to land use, area type and facility type as established by statistical validation using analysis of variance technique.
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Hedemalm, Emil. "Online Transportation Mode Recognition and an Application to Promote Greener Transportation." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65348.
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It is now widely accepted that human behaviour accounts for a large portion of total global emissions, and thus influences climate change to a large extent. Changing human behaviour when it comes to mode of transportation is one component which could make a difference in the long term. In order to achieve behavioural change, we investigate the use of a persuasive multiplayer game. Transportation mode recognition is used within the game to provide bonuses and penalties to users based on their daily choices regarding transportation. To easily identify modes of transportation, an approach to transport recognition based on accelerometer and gyroscope data is analysed and extended. Preliminary results from the machine learning tests show that the classification true-positive rate for recognizing 10 different classes can reach up to 95% when using a history set (66% without). Preliminary results from testers of the game indicate that using games may be successful in causing positive change in user behaviour.Del av Erasmus Mundus PERCCOM. Redovisning skedde på anordnad summer school av partner-universitet där hela konsortiet närvarade.
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Flint, Reuben David. "The sustainability and development of Hong Kong's land transport system." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21129010.
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VIJAYAKUMAR, NEELKUMAR, and GAURAV MEHENDIRATTA. "Role of ICT in Sustainable Transportation-Focus on Reducing Traffic Congestion." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20443.
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Our cities have been continually growing at an uncontrolled rate leading to the problem of trafficcongestion, which has discernable effects on all the aspects of sustainability, be it social,environmental or economical. This continual shift of increasing size of centre and decreasingsize of periphery poses huge sustainability challenge of meeting the consumption demands. Wepresently face the most unprecedented times in terms of the pace at which our natural resourcesare getting consumed. It is clear that replenishing some of these resources is totally out ofquestion. On the other side of the coin, the advances of human technology have provided itsgreatest gift of information & communication technology (ICT). Today we have access to datafrom any point of the world to anywhere. There is a growing need to use this data andinformation with a holistic view to build more Intelligent Transport Systems. In our paper wediscuss how the advent of ICT can have an impact on bringing a sustainable transportationsystem. The work is divided in two folds, by first understanding the direct role of ICT intransport sustainability and then observing the direct correlation between usage of ICT andtravel demand. The problems of traffic congestion and its solutions like congestion pricing haveexisted in practice since ages; the perspective which we add to it is the role of ICT in making itbetter. The greater perspective that is being researched here is at an absolute fundamental leveland takes us to the question if and how ICT can work on root level challenges, like findingmethods to have a better traceability without compromising on privacy, changing driverbehaviour patterns and stopping the expansion of centre & contraction of periphery.
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Comer, Bryan. "Sustainable intermodal freight transportation : applying the geospatial intermodal freight transport model /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10887.
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ROSANO, MARIANGELA. "Mixing quantitative and qualitative methods for sustainable transportation in Smart Cities." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2744154.
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Hübsch, Lena. "Gender equality in County Transportation Plans and potential conflicts with sustainable transportation : A case study from northern Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138002.
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That women and men have different travel patterns has been known for a long time, and previous research argues that gender inequality is the reason for the different travel patterns. Thus, integrating a gender equality perspective into transportation planning has been a relevant topic for quite some time. However, it has been proven to be easier said than done. Gender equality has not been given much attention within transportation planning and planners find it difficult to know how to implement a gender equality perspective. By studying two County Transportation Plans developed by regions in northern Sweden and interviewing infrastructural planners as well as gender equality experts, this thesis will investigate how gender equality is managed and integrated in transport planning on a regional level, and how it could be integrated. How gender equality relates to sustainable transportation on a regional level is another research question. The results show that the planners are aware of women’s and men’s different travel patterns, but they have experienced the difficulties of how gender equality can be integrated in the plans, and integration has previously been made with modesty. This is partly due to lack of competence among the planners and because it has not been prioritized. The result also indicates that gender equality can be beneficial for sustainable transportation, but some goal conflicts were found as well. A conclusion it that there seems to exist a paradox among the respondents where they are unsure of if the transportation should adjust to the current travel needs, or promote change. It is seemingly not either the lack of competence that is the reason gender equality has not been prioritized, but the fact that other areas, such as the need of functional connections due to long distances between places has been seen as more important. The competence and knowledge exists, but need to increase among the planners, and gender equality within transportation planning has to be given more attention on a national level and in the directives from the government.
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Chan, Kwong-yan Ian, and 陳光仁. "Developing a sustainable transport system in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29854076.
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Chan, On-kei. "Hong Kong's performance in relation to international sustainable transport." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339780.
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Andersson, Sara. "Cross-Border Collaboration for a Sustainable Future : - a case study about Interreg V ÖKS subsidyand sustainable transportation projects." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188650.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate one of the European Structural Fundprogrammes, Interreg V Öresund-Kattegat-Skagerrak (ÖKS) and the priority areaTransportation. The programme gives financial support to transportation projectsaiming to develop sustainable (environmentally friendly) transportation alternativesand solutions. Through studies and theories on cross-border collaboration (CBC) and goals forsustainable transportation a major need of joint strategies for solving shared problems,such as environmental concerns has been demonstrated. This approach ofcollaboration projects as a pillar for sustainable development has been the foundationof how the current Interreg programme has been studied and the starting point for thisresearch. The study aims to clarify the relationship between the overall view uponcooperation and joint development programmes (within areas stretching over nationaland administrative borders, such as transportation) and the specific Interregprogramme. A programme which during current period (2014-2020) experienced adrastic decline of number of applicants. In order to further understand the context thecurrent study has trough empirical research defined added values (advantages) of theCBC but also identified the perceived difficulties and barriers (disadvantages). Thefounding’s have further been compared and supplemented with perspectives fromrelevant actors engaged in transportation development. This material has beencollected through qualitative interviews enabling a vital and good understanding ofconcerned actors and their view of advantages and disadvantages with CBC. Theanalysis has also enabled the conclusion that the general view among the actors is thatcollaboration projects are necessary for a sustainable development. However, studiedprogramme with declined number of applicants did not succeed in attracting desiredparticipants. Consequently, the actors were also asked to share their view upon thedecline of applicants for current Interreg period. One identified explanation wasrelated to the administrative burden which was perceived too heavy by the actors. Inaddition, the financial part was perceived to be too low or poorly designed. Theknowledge about the programme was also found to be limited among some of theactors. To be able to involve more participants in the future it has been concluded thatimprovements within the three areas of defined obstacles have to be implemented. This investigation and findings aim to contribute to increased insights andunderstanding of the cross-border cooperation process in order to be able to reach andinvolve relevant actors in the most favourable way for successful future projects anddesired sustainable development.
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Poboon, Chamlong. "Anatomy of a traffic disaster: towards a sustainable solution to Bangkok's transport problems." Thesis, Poboon, Chamlong (1997) Anatomy of a traffic disaster: towards a sustainable solution to Bangkok's transport problems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1997. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/263/.
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Bangkok's extreme traffic problems have been traditionally explained in terms of a lack of road infrastructure and policy responses for many years have almost exclusively stressed road investment to the exclusion of all other forms of transport infrastructure development. This thesis questions this interpretation of the traffic problem and its chief policy response: building still more roads. It suggests that in order to effectively analyse Bangkok's traffic predicament and to formulate more sustainable responses to the crisis, an understanding is required of Bangkok's land use and transport development, as well as a systematic and detailed perspective on the similarities and differences between Bangkok and many other cities around the world, particularly those in Asia.
This thesis suggests that Bangkok has passed through three key periods: a water-based transport and walking period, a transport modernisation period and a motorisation period. In each period up to motorisation Bangkok appeared to maintain a harmonious relationship between its high density, mixed use urban form, ideally suited to nonmotorised modes and to public transport. Even in the motorisation period, high density, mixed use development has mostly followed major road corridors and remains well-suited to much higher public transport and non-motorised mode use than currently exist. However, in this period, rapidly rising motor vehicle ownership and use began to come into conflict with the city's pre-automobile form. Road infrastructure could not be built fast enough to keep pace with traffic growth, despite almost exclusive commitment of resources to roads. High capacity public transport systems, including rail, renewed water transport and busways failed to materialise to help curb the motorisation process and to provide much needed relief on the roads. A basic conflict or mismatch between urban form and transport began to emerge, leaving the city ill-equipped to cope with the automobile and subject to large environmental, social and economic impacts from congestion.
The thesis argues that while Bangkok's per capita road supply is low in an international sense, it is not atypical for an Asian city and road availability per hectare is similar to many other cities around the world. Likewise, com mon arguments about an inadequate road hierarchy are systematically analysed and are shown to be insufficient in explaining Bangkok's present crisis. The thesis thus suggests that attempting to tackle the traffic problem through an intensification of road building efforts will not provide the relief sought, but will only exacerbate the traffic impacts which are shown to be already at the limits of international experience.
The international comparison of Bangkok with other cities, highlighting basic similarities and differences in land use and transport features, continues to build upon this argument. It shows that Bangkok lies at one extreme in many transport characteristics such as the amount of travel per hectare, and within the Asian cities, it is very high in vehicle ownership and use and energy use, comparatively low in public transport use and very low in non-motorised modes. The thesis suggests that in physical planning terms, Bangkok's traffic crisis appears to stem from a set of mismatches between its transport patterns, urban form and transport infrastructure. These mismatches are between: (1) vehicle use and urban form: higher levels of private vehicle use than can be properly accommodated in its dense, tightly woven urban fabric; (2) vehicle use and road supply: levels of private vehicle use which are incompatible with its road availability and which are uncharacteristically high compared to other Asian cities; (3) transit use, urban form and road supply: lower levels of overall transit use than would be expected in a city of its urban form and road availability; (4) transit infrastructure, urban form and road supply: a public transport infrastructure which is inadequate to meet the demands for transit movement inherent in such a dense city, particularly a lack of rail infrastructure; (5) non-motorised modes and urban form: levels of non-motorised mode use which are uncharacteristically low for such a dense, mixed use urban fabric. These mismatches are mainly the consequence of a long series of inappropriate and ineffective transport policies and investments which are biased towards private transport and which have at least in part arisen from narrow and outdated transport planning processes.
In order for transport planning in Bangkok to address the suggested roots of the crisis, the thesis contends that at least two key constraints would have to be dealt with: the traditional urban transport planning process and the institutional fragmentation in transport policy and implementation. Notwithstanding, there are forces pushing in the direction of change and these are examined in terms of the growing global and local trends towards sustainability, community outrage over traffic and the role of NGOs.
Based on these findings, this thesis provides a case for a series of policies to help deal with Bangkok's traffic disaster. In line with global trends towards sustainability as an organising principle for urban policy development, these policies are offered within a framework of developing a more sustainable transport system in Bangkok. The policies suggested cover priority to public transport infrastructure development, transitoriented,mixed land use development, transport demand management, improvement of waterway transportation, facilitation of walking and cycling and institutional reform of Bangkok's transport decision making structure. Opportunities for further complementary research are suggested.
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Poboon, Chamlong. "Anatomy of a traffic disaster : towards a sustainable solution to Bangkok's transport problems /." Poboon, Chamlong (1997) Anatomy of a traffic disaster: towards a sustainable solution to Bangkok's transport problems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1997. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/263/.
Full textAbstract:
Bangkok's extreme traffic problems have been traditionally explained in terms of a lack of road infrastructure and policy responses for many years have almost exclusively stressed road investment to the exclusion of all other forms of transport infrastructure development. This thesis questions this interpretation of the traffic problem and its chief policy response: building still more roads. It suggests that in order to effectively analyse Bangkok's traffic predicament and to formulate more sustainable responses to the crisis, an understanding is required of Bangkok's land use and transport development, as well as a systematic and detailed perspective on the similarities and differences between Bangkok and many other cities around the world, particularly those in Asia.
This thesis suggests that Bangkok has passed through three key periods: a water-based transport and walking period, a transport modernisation period and a motorisation period. In each period up to motorisation Bangkok appeared to maintain a harmonious relationship between its high density, mixed use urban form, ideally suited to nonmotorised modes and to public transport. Even in the motorisation period, high density, mixed use development has mostly followed major road corridors and remains well-suited to much higher public transport and non-motorised mode use than currently exist. However, in this period, rapidly rising motor vehicle ownership and use began to come into conflict with the city's pre-automobile form. Road infrastructure could not be built fast enough to keep pace with traffic growth, despite almost exclusive commitment of resources to roads. High capacity public transport systems, including rail, renewed water transport and busways failed to materialise to help curb the motorisation process and to provide much needed relief on the roads. A basic conflict or mismatch between urban form and transport began to emerge, leaving the city ill-equipped to cope with the automobile and subject to large environmental, social and economic impacts from congestion.
The thesis argues that while Bangkok's per capita road supply is low in an international sense, it is not atypical for an Asian city and road availability per hectare is similar to many other cities around the world. Likewise, com mon arguments about an inadequate road hierarchy are systematically analysed and are shown to be insufficient in explaining Bangkok's present crisis. The thesis thus suggests that attempting to tackle the traffic problem through an intensification of road building efforts will not provide the relief sought, but will only exacerbate the traffic impacts which are shown to be already at the limits of international experience.
The international comparison of Bangkok with other cities, highlighting basic similarities and differences in land use and transport features, continues to build upon this argument. It shows that Bangkok lies at one extreme in many transport characteristics such as the amount of travel per hectare, and within the Asian cities, it is very high in vehicle ownership and use and energy use, comparatively low in public transport use and very low in non-motorised modes. The thesis suggests that in physical planning terms, Bangkok's traffic crisis appears to stem from a set of mismatches between its transport patterns, urban form and transport infrastructure. These mismatches are between: (1) vehicle use and urban form: higher levels of private vehicle use than can be properly accommodated in its dense, tightly woven urban fabric; (2) vehicle use and road supply: levels of private vehicle use which are incompatible with its road availability and which are uncharacteristically high compared to other Asian cities; (3) transit use, urban form and road supply: lower levels of overall transit use than would be expected in a city of its urban form and road availability; (4) transit infrastructure, urban form and road supply: a public transport infrastructure which is inadequate to meet the demands for transit movement inherent in such a dense city, particularly a lack of rail infrastructure; (5) non-motorised modes and urban form: levels of non-motorised mode use which are uncharacteristically low for such a dense, mixed use urban fabric. These mismatches are mainly the consequence of a long series of inappropriate and ineffective transport policies and investments which are biased towards private transport and which have at least in part arisen from narrow and outdated transport planning processes.
In order for transport planning in Bangkok to address the suggested roots of the crisis, the thesis contends that at least two key constraints would have to be dealt with: the traditional urban transport planning process and the institutional fragmentation in transport policy and implementation. Notwithstanding, there are forces pushing in the direction of change and these are examined in terms of the growing global and local trends towards sustainability, community outrage over traffic and the role of NGOs.
Based on these findings, this thesis provides a case for a series of policies to help deal with Bangkok's traffic disaster. In line with global trends towards sustainability as an organising principle for urban policy development, these policies are offered within a framework of developing a more sustainable transport system in Bangkok. The policies suggested cover priority to public transport infrastructure development, transitoriented,mixed land use development, transport demand management, improvement of waterway transportation, facilitation of walking and cycling and institutional reform of Bangkok's transport decision making structure. Opportunities for further complementary research are suggested.
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Barrella, Elise M. "Strategic planning for a sustainable transportation system: a swot-based framework for assessment and implementation guidance for transportation agencies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44855.
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Based on a national survey of State Departments of Transportation (DOTs), it was determined that such agencies are engaged in a variety of activities to address sustainability issues associated with transportation planning, design, and operations. However, state DOTs in general do not have sufficient policies or practices in place to evaluate and prioritize investment options that will promote sustainable development. For this research, a mixed-methods research design employing an expert panel and case studies of individual State DOTs was used to develop, test, and evaluate the value of a strategic planning tool that can help DOTs evolve more sustainable practices and be used to monitor progress over time. A self-assessment tool was designed to guides agencies through (1) identifying internal strengths and weaknesses (or gaps) in their planning frameworks and organizational structure and culture, (2) characterizing features of the external environment as opportunities or threats, (3) prioritizing areas for strategy development, and (4) developing strategies that link the internal and external environments. The tool was tested by seven state DOTs who completed the assessment and provided feedback on the content, format, and process. Based on evaluation of the assessment responses and feedback received from these state agencies, recommendations are made for improving the tool and for future applications. The main contribution of this research is a methodology for transportation agencies to develop or refine their organizational frameworks to be more oriented toward sustainability, which could lead to transportation infrastructure investments that can be better maintained and operated over their service life, reduce environmental impacts and fossil fuel dependence, promote economic development, and meet the needs of growing and changing populations more effectively.
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Lin, Xiao. "Future perspective of electric bicycles in sustainable mobility in China." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/94809/.
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The thesis seeks to analyse the electric bicycle (e-bike) transition phenomenon in China by applying the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) Transition Theory and Multi-scalar Perspective MLP. The research is performed with abductive case studies drawn from mixed methods. Firstly, we synthesised secondary data to investigate the e-bike transition at the national level (China) and the city level (“mini” case studies of Beijing and Fuzhou) to explore the research questions of 1) Can socio-technical transition occur without deliberate policy support (RQ1)? 2) How can we explain the rapid emergence and enduring popularity of e-bikes in China (RQ2)? Then we performed exploratory research in Cardiff, UK and Nanjing, China using semi-structured interviews. The interview results are used to help design survey questionnaire in Nanjing case study. It is the key research step and addresses the following research questions: 1) How are e-bikes embedded in the current transport regime (RQ3)? 2) How much longer can e-bikes continue to be embedded in the transport regime (RQ4)? 3) What are the mechanisms underlying the rapid emergence of e-bikes (RQ5)? To analyse the data collected from the survey, Generalised Linear Models and Binomial Generalised Linear Models are adopted to investigate current mode choice behaviour and predict future choice. In the theoretical aspect, the thesis applied the Multi-scalar Perspective MLP, filling the gap that traditional MLP does not take into account geographical, socio-political heterogeneity. In addition, we paid attention to the individual role in travel mode behaviour. From a practical perspective, the thesis uses substantial empirical data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the e-bike transition. We invited various groups in the survey, including e-bike users, bicycle users, car drivers, pedestrians and traffic police. The thesis explores a wide range of influencing factors, such as user anxiety, feelings related to e-bike adoption, e-bike user charging behaviour, other travel mode users and traffic police attitude towards e-bike development which have not been studied in previous e-bike literatures. The main findings are: 1) The fast emergence of e-bikes in China is spontaneous, without direct policy support from governments; 2) E-bike transition in China begins with transformation pathway (P1), followed by de-alignment and re-alignment pathway (P2); 3) E-bike users in China are mainly young career-aged commuters and have a much higher education level than average, which are different from other countries; 4) E-bikes are well embedded in the current transport regime and they are adopted widely in many aspects of people’s daily lives, including commuting, going shopping, and collecting children; 5) The underlying reasons for the selection of e-bikes are they provide affordable personal mobility due to the advantages of effort saving, flexible trip times, time saving in traffic jams, and high accessibility, whereas environmental and health factors are negligible; 6) E-bikes are possibly an intermediate mode on Nanjing’s motorisation pathway.
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Hu, Wenqi. "Active transport journey planner methodology /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/4211.
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Wang, Kailai. "Towards Sustainable Mobility: the Impacts of Infrastructure Change, Technological Innovation, and Demographic Shift." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1560783868054047.
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Gruler, Aljoscha Claudio. "Simheuristics to support efficient and sustainable freight transportation in smart city logistics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666647.
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La logística urbana intel·ligent constitueix un factor crucial en la creació de sistemes de transport urbà eficients i sostenibles. Entre altres factors, aquests sistemes es centren en la incorporació de dades en temps real i en la creació de models de negoci col·laboratius en el transport urbà de mercaderies, considerant l’augment dels habitants en les ciutats, la creixent complexitat de les demandes dels clients i els mercats altament competitius. Això permet als que planifiquen el transport minimitzar els costos monetaris i ambientals del transport de mercaderies a les àrees metropolitanes. Molts problemes de presa de decisions en aquest context es poden formular com a problemes d’optimació combinatòria. Tot i que hi ha diferents enfocaments de resolució exacta per a trobar solucions òptimes a aquests problemes, la seva complexitat i grandària, a més de la necessitat de prendre decisions instantànies pel que fa a l’encaminament de vehicles, la programació o la situació d’instal·lacions, fa que aquestes metodologies no s’apliquin a la pràctica. A causa de la seva capacitat per a trobar solucions pseudoòptimes en gairebé temps real, els algorismes metaheurístics reben una atenció creixent dels investigadors i professionals com a alternatives eficients i fiables per a resoldre nombrosos problemes d’optimació en la creació de la logística de les ciutats intel·ligents. Malgrat el seu èxit, les tècniques metaheurístiques tradicionals no representen plenament la complexitat dels sistemes més realistes. En assumir entrades (inputs) i restriccions de problemes deterministes, la incertesa i el dinamisme experimentats en els escenaris de transport urbà queden sense explicar. Els algorismes simheurístics persegueixen superar aquests inconvenients mitjançant la integració de qualsevol tipus de simulació en processos metaheurístics per a explicar la incertesa inherent a la majoria de les aplicacions de la vida real. Aquesta tesi defineix i investiga l’ús d’algorismes simheurístics com el mètode més adequat per a resoldre problemes d’optimació derivats de la logística de les ciutats. Alguns algorismes simheurístics s’apliquen a una sèrie de problemes complexos, com la recollida de residus urbans, els problemes de disseny de la cadena de subministrament integrada i els models de transport innovadors relacionats amb la col·laboració horitzontal entre els socis de la cadena de subministrament. A més de les discussions metodològiques i la comparació d’algorismes desenvolupats amb els referents de la bibliografia acadèmica, es mostra l’aplicabilitat i l’eficiència dels algorismes simheurístics en diferents casos de gran escala.Las actividades de logística en ciudades inteligentes constituyen un factor crucial en la creación de sistemas de transporte urbano eficientes y sostenibles. Entre otros factores, estos sistemas se centran en la incorporación de datos en tiempo real y la creación de modelos empresariales colaborativos en el transporte urbano de mercancías, al tiempo que consideran el aumento del número de habitantes en las ciudades, la creciente complejidad de las demandas de los clientes y los mercados altamente competitivos. Esto permite minimizar los costes monetarios y ambientales del transporte de mercancías en las áreas metropolitanas. Muchos de los problemas de toma de decisiones en este contexto se pueden formular como problemas de optimización combinatoria. Si bien existen diferentes enfoques de resolución exacta para encontrar soluciones óptimas a tales problemas, su complejidad y tamaño, además de la necesidad de tomar decisiones instantáneas con respecto al enrutamiento, la programación o la ubicación de las instalaciones, hacen que dichas metodologías sean inaplicables en la práctica. Debido a su capacidad para encontrar soluciones pseudoóptimas casi en tiempo real, los algoritmos metaheurísticos reciben cada vez más atención por parte de investigadores y profesionales como alternativas eficientes y fiables para resolver numerosos problemas de optimización en la creación de la logística de ciudades inteligentes. A pesar de su éxito, las técnicas metaheurísticas tradicionales no representan completamente la complejidad de los sistemas más realistas. Al asumir insumos y restricciones de problemas deterministas, se ignora la incertidumbre y el dinamismo experimentados en los escenarios de transporte urbano. Los algoritmos simheurísticos persiguen superar estos inconvenientes integrando cualquier tipo de simulación en procesos metaheurísticos con el fin de considerar la incertidumbre inherente en la mayoría de las aplicaciones de la vida real. Esta tesis define e investiga el uso de algoritmos simheurísticos como método adecuado para resolver problemas de optimización que surgen en la logística de ciudades inteligentes. Se aplican algoritmos simheurísticos a una variedad de problemas complejos, incluyendo la recolección de residuos urbanos, problemas de diseño de la cadena de suministro integrada y modelos de transporte innovadores relacionados con la colaboración horizontal entre los socios de la cadena de suministro. Además de las discusiones metodológicas y la comparación de los algoritmos desarrollados con los de referencia de la bibliografía académica, se muestra la aplicabilidad y la eficiencia de los algoritmos simheurísticos en diferentes estudios de casos a gran escala.
Smart city logistics are a crucial factor in the creation of efficient and sustainable urban transportation systems. Among other factors, they focus on incorporating real-time data and creating collaborative business models in urban freight transportation concepts, whilst also considering rising urban population numbers, increasingly complex customer demands, and highly competitive markets. This allows transportation planners to minimize the monetary and environmental costs of freight transportation in metropolitan areas. Many decision-making problems faced in this context can be formulated as combinatorial optimization problems. While different exact solving approaches exist to find optimal solutions to such problems, their complexity and size, in addition to the need for instantaneous decision-making regarding vehicle routing, scheduling, or facility location, make such methodologies inapplicable in practice. Due to their ability to find pseudo-optimal solutions in almost real time, metaheuristic algorithms have received increasing attention from researchers and practitioners as efficient and reliable alternatives in solving numerous optimization problems in the creation of smart city logistics. Despite their success, traditional metaheuristic techniques fail to fully represent the complexity of most realistic systems. By assuming deterministic problem inputs and constraints, the uncertainty and dynamism experienced in urban transportation scenarios are left unaccounted for. Simheuristic frameworks try to overcome these drawbacks by integrating any type of simulation into metaheuristic-driven processes to account for the inherent uncertainty in most real-life applications. This thesis defines and investigates the use of simheuristics as a method of first resort for solving optimization problems arising in smart city logistics concepts. Simheuristic algorithms are applied to a range of complex problem settings including urban waste collection, integrated supply chain design, and innovative transportation models related to horizontal collaboration among supply chain partners. In addition to methodological discussions and the comparison of developed algorithms to state-of-the-art benchmarks found in the academic literature, the applicability and efficiency of simheuristic frameworks in different large-scaled case studies are shown.
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Hussen, Berhanu Woldetensae. "Sustaining Sustainable Mobility : the Integration of Multimodal Public Transportation in Addis Ababa." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2042/document.
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Addis-Abeba, qui s’étend sur 540 km2 et compte 3,1 millions d’habitants, connait aujourd’hui des transformations socio-économiques et spatiales rapides. Elle n’est pas seulement le coeur politique, commercial, économique et financier du pays mais aussi une ville internationale accueillant le siège de l’Union africaine et d’autres institutions internationales. Comme d’autres villes africaines, elle connait un rythme élevé d’urbanisation. Ce processus a impliqué la croissance du nombre d’habitants mais aussi une extension spatiale accrue. En conséquence, la demande de déplacements et la longueur des parcours ont augmenté. Le transport joue ainsi un rôle clé, pesant sur le développement socio-économique et la configuration de l’espace urbain. Tout aussi important, en tant que demande dérivée, il joue sur la capacité des citadins à accomplir leurs diverses activités. La motorisation des ménages restant faible en dépit d’une lente progression, le transport public constitue le principal moyen d’accès à une mobilité motorisée pour la majorité de la population. L’offre est constituée d’une multitude d’opérateurs formels et informels, travaillant selon un schéma artisanal. On estime à plus de 18 000 les véhicules de transport public, la plupart de faible capacité, qui parcourent chaque jour les rues d’Addis-Abeba. En dépit de son importance, le transport public souffre de capacités d’investissement insuffisantes ainsi que, jusqu’à récemment, du manque d’une politique publique claire et affirmée. Il pâtit également de l’absence d’une approche intégrée, pour sa planification, sa gestion et sa mise en oeuvre. De nombreuses villes du Nord, parfois depuis près d’un demi-siècle, ont choisi de construire un service intégré de transport public. L’intégration y est vue comme un outil viable pour offrir un transport urbain de haute qualité et « sans couture », permettant un développement urbain durable. Par contre, les villes africaines, caractérisées par une urbanisation rapide, des taux d’équipement automobile faibles, un système de transport public déficient et des contraintes financières majeures manquent de telles expériences d’intégration du transport public. Notre question est donc : « Comment les villes africaines peuvent-elles reproduire et mettre en oeuvre des politiques d’intégration du transport public ? », originellement développées dans les villes du Nord. La thèse essaie d’apporter des éléments de réponse à cette question. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse des différentes formes d’intégration du transport public. Puis elle propose un schéma de conception et de mise en oeuvre d’un système de transport public intégré, appréhendé comme un outil de mobilité urbaine durable pour Addis-AbebaAddis Ababa, with an area of 540 km2 and with population of 3.1 million people is experiencing a rapid pace of socio-economic and physical transformation. The city is not only the political, commercial, economic and financial hub of the country but also an international city serving as the seat of the African Union and various international organizations. Alike many African Cities, Addis Ababa has been undergoing a high rate of urbanization. This process of rapid urbanization has resulted in the increase in the size of the population and the physical expansion of the city. As a consequence, travel demand and length of the trip are increasing. Transportation plays a key role in determining the socioeconomic development and shaping the spatial development framework of the city. Equally important, transportation as derived demand is also a fundamental means for residents to fulfill their various activities. In Addis Ababa motorization, although on the increase, is low and public transportation is the most important mode of motorized mobility for the large majority of the city’s population. There are various formal and informal operators of the public transport mainly operating on individual basis. It is estimated that there are over 18,000 public transport vehicles that are daily running in Addis Ababa, most of them low capacity vehicles. Despite its importance, the public transport sector not only suffers from shortage, insufficient capital investment, and until recently lack of clear governmental policy and leadership but also from the absence of integrated approach to its operation, planning and management.Many cities in the North have embarked on integrating the provision of public transportation for nearly half a century now. In these cities, integration in public transportation has been recommended as a viable instrument for providing high quality and seamless urban transport and enhancing sustainable urban development. African cities which are characterized by their high urbanization rate, low level of private car ownership, deficient public transportation system and significant financial constraints lack public transportation integration experiences. The question is then ‘how do African cities replicate and implement public transport integration practices?’ that have been originally developed for the Cities of the North. The thesis attempts to answer this question and analyses the different forms of public transport integration. It then proposes a framework for implementing integrated public transport as a sustainable means of urban mobility in Addis Ababa
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Schoor, Leo David Norman. "Sustainable urban transportation planning by design, the next necessary paradigm for Winnipeg?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ41773.pdf.
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Blynn, Kelly (Kelly Mavis). "Accelerating bus electrification : enabling a sustainable transition to low carbon transportation systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115600.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 136-143).
With growing agreement that credible pathways to zero carbon electricity exist, many support the notion that widespread electrification of the transportation sector will be an essential strategy for meeting scientifically-based midcentury climate goals. While transit buses have a relatively small impact on greenhouse gas emissions, they have a larger impact on urban air quality, have commercially available in-service electric models, and have historically commercialized clean technologies that enabled deployment in the rest of the heavy duty vehicle sector. This thesis seeks to understand what factors hinder or enable transit agencies to go beyond initial pilots to largely or wholly electrify their fleets, with the goal of understanding potential policies and strategies that could accelerate such a transition, without inhibiting existing or expanded transit service that also plays a key role in reducing carbon emissions, in order to improve local air pollution and support accelerated electrification of trucks and other heavy duty vehicles. Using public transit fleets in California, Kentucky, and Massachusetts as case studies, this thesis utilizes quantitative total cost of ownership and well-to-wheels greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions analysis, and analysis of qualitative interviews with transit agency representatives to investigate the barriers, drivers, and potential solutions that could hinder or enable an accelerated yet sustainable transition to an electrified bus fleet. A total cost of ownership analysis reveals that electric buses may already be more cost effective than diesel buses in many case study utility service areas primarily due to fuel and maintenance cost savings, but are sensitive to key parameters such as annual mileage, electricity tariffs that vary widely by location, fossil fuel costs, policy context, and anticipated maintenance savings, and that cost savings from electric buses are likely to increase over time primarily due to anticipated reductions in battery costs and a faster increase in fossil fuel prices than electricity prices. While multiple agencies interviewed in California were planning to fully electrify their fleets, primarily due to political pressure and internal leadership, outside California where less supportive policies exist, fewer agencies were planning to procure additional electric buses, primarily due to high first cost and undesirable tradeoffs with maintaining or expanding transit service levels. Interview respondents reported other substantial barriers as well, such as oversubscribed discretionary grant programs, charging infrastructure costs, electricity costs, additional operational complexity, and performance uncertainty and risk, suggesting a need for multiple complementary policies to overcome these barriers and ensure agencies can transition to a new technology without impacting service. Important interventions identified include pursuing favorable electricity tariffs and electric charging infrastructure incentives through regulatory changes, and further leveraging limited public funds such as the Volkswagen settlement to develop low cost financing approaches similar to those utilized in the clean energy sector that can pledge anticipated operating savings to afford the incremental upfront cost. A set of complementary policies is then recommended to accelerate bus fleet electrification in each case study context, in order to achieve carbon reduction and air quality improvements for low income, urban communities without impacting transit service levels, and to help lead the way for the transition of other heavy duty fleets.
by Kelly Blynn.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Transportation
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Bailey, Gavin. "Developing sustainable supply chains for healthcare." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377894/.
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The focus of this thesis is to provide hospitals and local authorities in an urban setting with a set of recommendations for sustainable methods of supply for healthcare institutions, to minimise the negative externalities of freight associated with urban hospitals. The structure and nature of the healthcare supply chain engenders unsustainable freight patterns as a result of the poor communication and unpredictability of inventory demand from hospitals to suppliers, resulting in high freight volumes (403 freight movements recorded over a 5-day period during a November 2011 survey), and the mixing of urgent and non-urgent goods within the same supply chain. In addition to this ancillary hospital services such as hospital laboratory couriers are found to be a large traffic generator with 476 individual services booked over a 3 month period (January – March 2014). In fulfilment of these issues three solutions are proposed to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of freight: mobile consolidation, to address the high numbers of deliveries received by hospitals; unattended locker bank delivery, to separate urgent goods from the supply chain; and, consolidation of laboratory courier services. Assessment of the mobile consolidation centre for GOSH only operating over 1 site to 4 sites, using 93 records from the 2011 freight survey indicated savings for the week between: 10,591 VKm (1 site operation) and 12,173 VKm (4 site operation); 181.53 – 225.05 journey time hours for 2 site and 4 site operations, respectively; and, 2 – 2.33 tonnes of CO2 equivalents between 1 site and 4 site operations. Implementation of a London-wide scenario indicated reductions of 64,204 VKm, 579 Journey Time Hours and 89 tonnes of CO2e. Assessment of the proposed electronic locker bank was assessed using a hill climbing model operating with a database of consignment movements; and qualitatively using staff interviews. Results indicated that a locker bank measuring 3.69m length, 1.7m height and 0.8m depth, comprising 19 partitions would be required to accommodate all urgent consignments for any given day. Staff perceptions of the concept were positive suggesting the locker would potentially improve the speed and quality of healthcare delivered to patients. Current hospital and courier service providers’ practices centre on collecting items as and when they arrive for outward journeys at the hospital. Using a database of 323 courier journeys at Great Ormond Street Hospital, 8 different consolidation scenarios, varying the length of time an item is delayed (ranging between 30 minutes to 10 hours). Findings indicated that consolidated approaches yielded reductions in vehicle numbers, between 120 and 255, compared to the current model of operation, but that the current model of operation is actually more environmentally efficient, generating 0.42 to 0.84 fewer metric tonnes of CO2 than consolidated approaches. Assessments of other hospitals such as University Hospital Southampton indicated that the three proposed solutions may be considered relevant to other hospitals. However, in the citywide context, the benefits for each solution when implemented at a single hospital site were minimal suggesting a greater number of hospital sites would be required to deliver larger gains.
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Muhammad, Imran. "Cities for citizens, not for cars : planning for sustainable urban transport system : case study, Lahore, Pakistan /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25247566.
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Lui, Kwok-wai William. "A study of intermodal transport coordination and its contribution to sustainable urban transportation in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43785839.
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Ho, Man-sze. "Railway and sustainable development socio-economic and land use impacts of west rail on Yuen Long town /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42930194.
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Antunes, Dias Batista Edgard. "Bicycle Sharing in Developing Countries: : A proposal towards sustainable transportation in Brazilian median cities." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55335.
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Bicycle-sharing programs are a new trend in urban transportation. The main difference of a bicycle-sharing program with a regular bicycle rental is that is possible to get a bicycle in one station and return it in any other station. There are many models of bicycle sharing, each model with its pros and cons. This study analyzes the bicycle-sharing models in order to build a proposal of a bicycle-sharing program suitable for Brazilian median cities. The study begins with an overview of bicycle transportation, followed by the analysis of different bicycle-sharing programs. The last chapter formulates a proposal of a bicycle-sharing program suitable for Brazilian median cities. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. The analysis includes a case study on the bicycle-sharing program in Stockholm. This case study is based on interviews with the manager of the program in the company in charge, and with the responsible official in Stockholm municipality. A questionnaire was moreover handed out to users of the program. This case study is complemented with a questionnaire sent by email to managers of bicycle-sharing programs in some cities around the world, this in order to provide more examples on how bicycle sharing can be organized. Finally, another case study was carried out in a Brazilian median city in order to evaluate the local awareness concerning bicycle transport, and the possibility of implementing a bicycle-sharing program there. A questionnaire was handed out to a sample of the local population and an interview was made with the local transport authority. The analysis of all data results in a proposal for a bicycle-sharing program suitable for the Brazilian context. The proposal comprises the choices of bicycles, stations, equipment related to the hiring process and service vehicle. It includes a complete financial appraisal with the necessary capital for implementing and managing the program. It shows that it is possible to build an affordable bicycle-sharing program adapted to Brazilian median cities. The program will create job opportunities and can contribute to a changed view of bicycle transportation in these cities. The proposal could also be applied in countries with the same characteristics as Brazil.
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Parrott, David A. "Designing Deliberately | Transportation through the Lens of Slow Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1298040372.
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Shahin, Mohamed Maher. "Energy conservation in urban areas in the framework of a sustainable transportation concept." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96425946X.
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