Journal articles: 'Sustainable urban drainage system'

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Butler, David, and Jonathan Parkinson. "Towards sustainable urban drainage." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 9 (May 1, 1997): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0330.

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The issue of sustainable development is now high on the global agenda, but there is still a considerable degree of uncertainty in its definition, let alone implementation. The aim of this paper is to reappraise the provision of urban drainage services in the light of this current debate. The approach advocated is not to strive for the unattainable goal of completely sustainable drainage, rather to actively promote “less unsustainable” systems. To do this requires both an understanding of the long-term and widespread impacts of continuing current practices and an understanding of the implications of making changes. Sustainable urban drainage should: maintain a good public health barrier, avoid local or distant pollution of the environment, minimise the utilisation of natural resources (e.g. water, energy, materials), and be operable in the long-term and adaptable to future requirements. Three strategies are proposed that can be carried out immediately, incrementally and effectively and these are to reduce potable water “use”, to reduce and then eliminate the mixing of industrial wastewater with domestic waste, and to reduce and then eliminate the mixing of stormwater and domestic wastewater. A number of techniques are described which may allow adoption of these strategies, many of them small-scale, source control technologies. An incremental approach containing both high-tech and low-tech answers to appropriate problems is the most likely to be implemented but each case must be decided on its merits.

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Heal, K. V., D. A. Hepburn, and R. J. Lunn. "Sediment management in sustainable urban drainage system ponds." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 10 (May 1, 2006): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.315.

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Since removal and disposal of sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) sediment can incur high maintenance costs, assessments of sediment volumes, quality and frequency of removal are required. Sediment depth and quality were surveyed annually from 1999–2003 in three ponds and one wetland in Dunfermline, Scotland, UK. Highest sediment accumulation occurred in Halbeath Pond, in the most developed watershed and with no surface water management train. From comparison of measured potentially toxic metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) with standards, the average sediment quality should not impair aquatic ecosystems. 72–84% of the metal flux into the SUDS was estimated to be associated with coarse sediment (>500 μm diameter) suggesting that management of coarse sediment is particularly important at this site. The timing of sediment removal for these SUDS is expected to be determined by loss of storage volume, rather than by accumulation of contaminants. If sediment removal occurs when 25% of the SUDS storage volume has infilled, it would be required after 17 years in Halbeath Pond, but only after 98 years in Linburn Pond (which has upstream detention basins). From the quality measurements, sediment disposal should be acceptable on adjacent land within the boundaries of the SUDS studied.

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Kändler, Nils, Ivar Annus, Anatoli Vassiljev, and Raido Puust. "Real time controlled sustainable urban drainage systems in dense urban areas." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.083.

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Abstract Stormwater runoff from urban catchments is affected by the changing climate and rapid urban development. Intensity of rainstorms is expected to increase in Northern Europe, and sealing off surfaces reduces natural stormwater management. Both trends increase stormwater peak runoff volume that urban stormwater systems (UDS) have to tackle. Pipeline systems have typically limited capacity, therefore measures must be foreseen to reduce runoff from new developed areas to existing UDS in order to avoid surcharge. There are several solutions available to tackle this challenge, e.g. low impact development (LID), best management practices (BMP) or stormwater real time control measures (RTC). In our study, a new concept of a smart in-line storage system is developed and evaluated on the background of traditional in-line and off-line detention solutions. The system is operated by real time controlled actuators with an ability to predict rainfall dynamics. This solution does not need an advanced and expensive centralised control system; it is easy to implement and install. The concept has been successfully tested in a 12.5 ha urban development area in Tallinn, the Estonian capital. Our analysis results show a significant potential and economic feasibility in the reduction of peak flow from dense urban areas with limited free construction space.

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Liu, Fan, Chun Guang Chen, and Qing Hua Yang. "Rain Water Utilizing System Combing Artificial Wetland and Urban Drainage System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.763.

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The method of utilizing rain water has been well developed in foreign countries to realize the sustainable development of water recourse while the method is still at the initial level in China. When considering the increasing of water shortage and urban flood, the awareness of utilizing rain water, as an inevitable trend, has been applied to various engineering technologies. This article has analyzed the principle of conventional road drainage system and the application of artificial wetland technology, also proposed to combine the road drainage system and artificial wetland, as a complex drainage system, to utilize the urban rain water, decrease urban flood pressure, and improve urban micro environment. The calculation principle and method for the complex drainage system are included as well.

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Ellis, J. Bryan, and Christophe Viavattene. "Sustainable Urban Drainage System Modeling for Managing Urban Surface Water Flood Risk." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 42, no. 2 (December 17, 2013): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300225.

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Ellis, J. B., B. J. D'Arcy, and P. R. Chatfield. "Sustainable Urban-Drainage Systems and Catchment Planning." Water and Environment Journal 16, no. 4 (November 2002): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2002.tb00418.x.

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O'Sullivan, John J., Michael Bruen, Padraig J. Purcell, and Fasil Gebre. "Urban drainage in Ireland - embracing sustainable systems." Water and Environment Journal 26, no. 2 (October 6, 2011): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2011.00282.x.

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Yunianta, Andung, Suripin, and Bagus Hario Setiadji. "Design of Sustainable Road Drainage System Model." Journal of Sustainable Engineering: Proceedings Series 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35793/joseps.v1i1.5.

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The existing drainage system of roads proposed to manage the quantity of runoff from the road only, while the quality remains uncontrolled. In fact the pollutants and waste originated from the road surface contains hazardous substances. Sustainable drainage system (SUDS) concept offers various structures to solve both quantity and quality problems of surface runoff from roads. One of the potential drainage structure is filter drain or infiltration trench develope along the right side and left side of road. It could be developed by retrofitting the existing drainage channel of the road. The objective of this paper proposes the design model of road drainage based on the concept of a sustainable urban drainage system. The model consists of U-ditch channel, reservoir, an infiltration well. The bottom of U-ditch channel completed with a number of holes to make it porous. The channel filled with aggregate to filter the runoff from the road before flow down into the reservoir beneath. The water is then discharged to infiltration well. The model was developed based on rainfall data and other physical characteristics in Ambarawa City, Semarang Regency, Central Java.The channel dimensions and the depth of aggregate filter were designed base on runoff volume. The relationship among rainfall, runoff volume, area ratio, and drainage dimension are obtained. The results concept of sustainable road drainage is obtained in addressing the quality and quantity of rainwater.

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Mak, Chunglim, Miklas Scholz, and Philip James. "Sustainable drainage system site assessment method using urban ecosystem services." Urban Ecosystems 20, no. 2 (September 6, 2016): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0593-6.

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See, Lay Shien, Luke Calo, Benjamin Bannon, and Aaron Opdyke. "An Open Data Approach to Mapping Urban Drainage Infrastructure in Developing Communities." Water 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071880.

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Urban flooding in developing countries represents a growing threat to sustainable development efforts, yet the tools needed to study these infrastructure systems in data-scarce environments are woefully inadequate. This study seeks to propose a standardized approach and methods for mapping urban drainage systems in developing communities. The research draws on a case study from the Philippines, which sought to conduct rapid elevation surveys and drainage assessments employing open source geographical information system (GIS) tools. We develop a standardized procedure for digitizing drainage systems using OpenStreetMap and Field Papers, as well as discuss applications of this data for drainage design. The results contribute to a methodological framework that can be replicated in other similar developing communities where study of urban drainage is needed for sustainable development and disaster risk reduction efforts.

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Li, Qin Shan, and Tie Cheng Wang. "Construction and Sustainable Development of Pipe Networks of Underground Drainage System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1076.

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The urban underground pipe network plays a vital role in the city development, the construction of unreasonable urban pipe networks restricts the city development, even has a disastrous effect on the city. However, it is not desirable to overstate the investment of the urban underground pipe network excessively. It is an important subject of the city construction that how to establish reasonable urban pipe networks to meet service conditions of underground pipe networks. Because the construction of underground drainage pipe networks of most of the major cities in our country mainly comes from the 50s of last century and there are more pipe network system with the development of the city, it is the main content of our research that how to reform and construct them under the condition of existing underground pipe networks.

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Fryd, Ole, Torben Dam, and Marina Bergen Jensen. "A planning framework for sustainable urban drainage systems." Water Policy 14, no. 5 (June 5, 2012): 865–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.025.

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Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) call for collaborative and interdisciplinary practices. The problem with this is the social and technical complexities involved, and the absence of a shared understanding of the challenge and the scope of integrated solutions. It is necessary to clarify the contributions and interactions between disciplines in order to achieve integrated planning and design of SUDS. This paper reviews the literature across disciplinary fields and outlines key messages and uncertainties within each discipline. The outcome is a framework comprising time, space and human values, as well as biophysical processes (e.g. engineering), spatial strategies (e.g. urban design) and adaptive strategies (e.g. management). It identifies the planning of SUDS as a collective learning process with continuous iterations between disciplines, while also reflecting the past, present and future of a specific site.

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Todeschini, S., S. Papiri, and C. Ciaponi. "Stormwater quality control for sustainable urban drainage systems." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp-v9-n2-196-210.

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Andrés-Doménech, Ignacio, Jose Anta, Sara Perales-Momparler, and Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez. "Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems in Spain: A Diagnosis." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052791.

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Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) were almost unknown in Spain two decades ago; today, urban drainage in the country is transitioning towards a more sustainable and regenerative management in a global context where green policies are gaining prominence. This research establishes a diagnosis of SUDS in Spain and examines the extent to which the country is moving towards the new paradigm in three dimensions: (a) the governance and social perception of the community, (b) the regulative background, and (c) the implementation and the technical performance of SUDS. The diagnosis identifies barriers that hinder the change. Then, we define the challenges that Spain has to face to overcome obstacles that delay the transition. Barriers to the governance sphere are related to the lack of involvement, knowledge, and organisational responsibilities. Within the regulative framework, the absence of national standards hinders the general implementation at the national scale, although few regional and local authorities are taking steps in the right direction with their own regulations. From the technical perspective, SUDS performance within the Spanish context was determined, although some shortcomings are still to be investigated. Despite the slowdown caused by the hard recession periods and the more recent political instability, SUDS implementation in Spain is today a fact, and the country is close to reaching the stabilisation stage.

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Shutes, B., J. B. Ellis, D. M. Revitt, and L. N. L. Scholes. "Constructed wetlands in UK urban surface drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 9 (May 1, 2005): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0281.

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This paper presents the outcome of an inventory of planted wetland systems in the UK which are classified according to land use type and are all examples of sustainable drainage systems. The introduction of constructed wetlands to treat surface runoff essentially followed a 1997 Environment Agency for England and Wales report advocating the use of “soft engineered” facilities including wetlands in the context of sustainable development and Agenda 21. Subsequently published reports by the UK Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) have promoted the potential benefits to both developer and the community of adopting constructed wetlands and other vegetated systems as a sustainable drainage approach. In addition, the UK Environment Agency and Highways Agency (HA) have recently published their own design criteria and requirements for vegetative control and treatment of road runoff. A case study of the design and performance of a constructed wetland system for the treatment of road runoff is discussed. The performance of these systems will be assessed in terms of their design criteria, runoff loadings as well as vegetation and structure maintenance procedures. The differing design approaches in guidance documents published in the UK by the Environment Agency, CIRIA and HA will also be evaluated.

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Sedyowati, Laksni, and Ery Suhartanto. "Kajian Pengaruh Sistem Drainase dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Eksisting pada Kawasan Ruas Jalan Utama Kota Malang (Suatu Upaya Pengendalian Genangan Di Daerah Perkotaan)." Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil 13, no. 1 (November 7, 2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jmts.v13i1.2544.

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Kajian Pengaruh Sistem Drainase dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Eksisting pada Kawasan Ruas Jalan Utama Kota Malang (Suatu Upaya Pengendalian Genangan Di Daerah Perkotaan)The Influence of Existing Drainege System Green Open Space to The Flooding in The Main Roads of Malang City (A Flooding Control Efforts In Urban Areas)Laksni Sedyowati1 & Ery Suhartanto21Program Doktor Teknik Sipil, Minat Sumberdaya Air, Universitas Brawijaya,2Jurusan Teknik Pengairan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas BrawijayaAlamat korespondensi : Alamat korespondensi : Jln. MT. Haryono, No 167 MalangEmail: 1)laksnisedyowati@gmail.comAbstractThe new paradigm of urban drainage system puts the city infrastructure based on the concept of environmentally sound drainage system or sustainable. It is necessary to retain the rain water in the area to enlarge the amount of water that infiltrate into the soil through natural or artificial recharge area. Research problem is how the influence of the existing drainage system and the green open space (RTH) to the runoff discharge. The study design is in the form of field observations and analytical activities: analysis of the characteristics of rain with a variety of 10-year historical data; land cover analysis and capacity of the existing green space; analysis of the capacity of the existing drainage system; analysis of the total runoff discharge and discharge runoff that are not controlled by the existing drainage system and RTH. The results showed that the total capacity of existing drainage systems and green space of 36,066 m3/sec. The amount of discharge that is not controlled on the time period of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year, respectively: 11.95 m3/s; 20.28 m3/s; 30.82 m3/s; 38.68 m3/s; 46.56 m3/s. Uncontrolled runoff discharge causing flooding on roads in the study area with the water level between 22-35 cm.Keywords: Sustainable Urban Drainage System, Green Open Space, Runoff DischargeAbstrakParadigma baru sistem drainase menempatkan drainase perkotaan sebagai prasarana kota yang dilandaskan pada konsep drainase yang berwawasan lingkungan atau berkelanjutan. Untuk itu perlu diupayakan agar air hujan yang jatuh ditahan terlebih dulu untuk memperbesar jumlah air yang meresap ke dalam tanah melalui daerah resapan alamiah maupun buatan. Permasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh sistem drainase dan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) eksisting terhadap debit limpasan, sebagai dasar pengembangan RTH yang merupakan alternatif sistem drainase berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian berupa observasi lapangan dan analitik dengan tahapan kegiatan: analisis karakteristik hujan dengan berbagai kala ulang menggunakan data historis 10 tahun terakhir; analisis tutupan lahan dan kapasitas ruang terbuka hijau eksisting; analisis kapasitas sistem drainase eksisting; analisis debit limpasan total dan debit limpasan yang tidak dikendalikan oleh sistem drainase dan RTH eksisting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa apasitas total sistem drainase dan RTH eksisting sebesar 36,066 m3/detik. Besarnya debit yang tidak dikendalikan pada kala ulang 5 thn, 10 thn, 25 thn, 50 thn dan 100 thn berturut-turut sebesar 11,95 m3/dt; 20,28 m3/dt ; 30,82 m3/dt; 38,68 m3/dt; 46,56 m3/dt. Debit limpasan yang tidak terkendali menyebabkan terjadinya genangan di ruas jalan pada daerah studi dengan tinggi genangan antara 22 - 35 cm.Kata kunci: sistem drainase berkelanjutan, ruang terbuka hijau, debit limpasan

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Jefferies, C., A. Duffy, N. Berwick, N. McLean, and A. Hemingway. "Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) treatment train assessment tool." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.463.

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This paper outlines a rationale and scoring system for the stormwater treatment train assessment tool (STTAT) which is a proposed regulatory tool for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). STTAT provides guidance and regulatory consistency for developers about the requirements of planners and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA). The tool balances the risks of pollution to the receiving water body with the treatment provided in a treatment train. It encourages developers to take SUDS into account early, avoiding any misunderstanding of SUDS requirements at the planning stage of a development. A pessimistic view on pollution risks has been adopted since there may be a change of land use on the development in the future. A realistic view has also been taken of maintenance issues and the ‘survivability’ of a SUDS component. The development of STTAT as a response to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive is explored, the individual scores being given in tabular format for receiving water and catchment risks. Treatment scores are proposed for single SUDS components as well as multiple components within treatment trains. STTAT has been tested on a range of sites, predominantly in Scotland where both development and receiving water information was known. The operational tool in use by SEPA is presented.

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Kennedy, S. "Stakeholder Management for Sustainable Development Implementation: The Case of a Sustainable Urban Drainage System." Social and Environmental Accountability Journal 31, no. 2 (September 2011): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969160x.2011.593818.

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Scholz, Miklas. "Best Management Practice: A Sustainable Urban Drainage System Management Case Study." Water International 31, no. 3 (September 2006): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060608691934.

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Caprario, Jakcemara, Aline Schuck Rech, Fabiane Andressa Tasca, and Alexandra Rodrigues Finotti. "Influence of drainage network and compensatory techniques on urban flooding susceptibility." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 1152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.113.

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Abstract Urban flooding due to accelerated urbanization and the resulting drainage problems have become a worldwide issue and the subject of several studies in recent decades. Alternative and holistic approaches such as sustainable drainage systems have been gaining prominence. Compensatory techniques represent one of these promising alternatives for managing flooding risk in the transition to regenerative urban environments. The goal of this study is to assess the effect of a drainage network together with compensatory techniques on the susceptibility to urban flooding in Campeche District. This study applies the analytical hierarchy process together with a consistency analysis, using overlapping influential parameters in three scenarios. The results show that introducing a drainage system decreases the susceptibility to urban flooding in approximately 27% of Campeche District. In general, considering the absence of a drainage network, it is concluded that its implementation together with compensatory structures provides a reduction of approximately 32% in the susceptibility to urban flooding. It should be noted that, although costly, interventions for the implementation of a drainage infrastructure associated with compensatory techniques are extremely important for disaster reduction and sustainable development.

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Hoang, L., and R. A. Fenner. "System interactions of stormwater management using sustainable urban drainage systems and green infrastructure." Urban Water Journal 13, no. 7 (May 27, 2015): 739–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2015.1036083.

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Seyedashraf, Omid, Andrea Bottacin-Busolin, and Julien J. Harou. "Many-Objective Optimization of Sustainable Drainage Systems in Urban Areas with Different Surface Slopes." Water Resources Management 35, no. 8 (June 2021): 2449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02840-4.

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AbstractSustainable urban drainage systems are multi-functional nature-based solutions that can facilitate flood management in urban catchments while improving stormwater runoff quality. Traditionally, the evaluation of the performance of sustainable drainage infrastructure has been limited to a narrow set of design objectives to simplify their implementation and decision-making process. In this study, the spatial design of sustainable urban drainage systems is optimized considering five objective functions, including minimization of flood volume, flood duration, average peak runoff, total suspended solids, and capital cost. This allows selecting an ensemble of admissible portfolios that best trade-off capital costs and the other important urban drainage services. The impact of the average surface slope of the urban catchment on the optimal design solutions is discussed in terms of spatial distribution of sustainable drainage types. Results show that different subcatchment slopes result in non-uniform distributional designs of sustainable urban drainage systems, with higher capital costs and larger surface areas of green assets associated with steeper slopes. This has two implications. First, urban areas with different surface slopes should not have a one-size-fits-all design policy. Second, spatial equality must be taken into account when applying optimization models to urban subcatchments with different surface slopes to avoid unequal distribution of environmental and human health co-benefits associated with green drainage infrastructure.

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Starzec, Mariusz, Józef Dziopak, and Daniel Słyś. "An Analysis of Stormwater Management Variants in Urban Catchments." Resources 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9020019.

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In order to identify the most effective variants for reducing flood risk in cities and to provide protection for water resources, an in-depth study was carried out. The research results allowed for the identification of sustainable drainage infrastructure solutions that should be used to increase the efficiency of traditional drainage systems. The most effective solution turned out to be the simultaneous use of low impact development facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems (Variant IV). Applicationof this variant (maximum discharge QOmax = 246.39 dm3/s) allowed for the reduction of the peak flow by as much as 86% in relation to those values that were established in the traditional drainage system (maximum discharge QOmax = 1807.62 dm3/s). The use of Variant IV allowed for a combination of the advantages of low impact development (LID) facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems while limiting their disadvantages. In practice, the flow of rainwater from the catchment area to the drainage system was limited, the share of green areas increased, and the drainage system retention capacity grew. The proposed approach for reducing the increasing flood risk in cities and providing protection for water resources provides a structured approach to long-term urban drainage system planning and land use guidelines.

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Andrés-Valeri, V. C., D. Castro-Fresno, L. A. Sañudo-Fontaneda, and J. Rodriguez-Hernandez. "Comparative analysis of the outflow water quality of two sustainable linear drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 8 (September 2, 2014): 1341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.382.

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Three different drainage systems were built in a roadside car park located on the outskirts of Oviedo (Spain): two sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS), a swale and a filter drain; and one conventional drainage system, a concrete ditch, which is representative of the most frequently used roadside drainage system in Spain. The concentrations of pollutants were analyzed in the outflow of all three systems in order to compare their capacity to improve water quality. Physicochemical water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity and total petroleum hydrocarbons were monitored and analyzed for 25 months. Results are presented in detail showing significantly smaller amounts of outflow pollutants in SUDS than in conventional drainage systems, especially in the filter drain which provided the best performance.

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Alias, Muhamad Nurfasya, Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa, and Aminuddin Ab. Ghani. "Hydraulic Analysis of Biochannels for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 68 (2016): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166808002.

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Abbott, C. L., and L. Comino-Mateos. "IN-SITU HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF A PERMEABLE PAVEMENT SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM." Water and Environment Journal 17, no. 3 (August 2003): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2003.tb00460.x.

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Butar Butar, Erni S., Arwin Sabar, and Marisa Handajani. "Sustainable Urban Drainage System to Land Use/ Land Cover Change in Samarinda, Indonesia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.371.

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The purpose of this research is to anticipate problems with flooding in micro drainage system to study the response of land cover in Samarinda-Indonesia due to changes in land use may lead to changes in flood discharge plan. Hydraulics analysis has been performed to study the condition in evaluative objective drainage system Drainage Samarinda City Blocks 2 (116015'36'' - 117024'16 'E and 00021'18'' - 01009'16'' LS) located in a densely populated area where some have experienced a decrease in capacity and increased discharge resulting in a puddle on a rainy day. The results based on changes in rainfall regime (I) in block 2 showed most primary channel in Block 2 is sufficient to accommodate the runoff discharge unless the primary channel sub-system 2.4.1 Jl. Hasan Basri Left P62-P72. While based on changes in rainfall regime and changes in land use increased by 28% in 2012 compared to conditions in 2000 obtained the results of three of the eleven sub-system that is the primary channel 2.2.3 Hull Road Mangkurat left, sub-system 2.2.4 Roads and channel Gastric right Mangkurat sub-system 2.4.1 Roads declared Hasan Basri left insufficient to accommodate the runoff discharge

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Yazdanfar, Zeinab, and Ashok Sharma. "Urban drainage system planning and design – challenges with climate change and urbanization: a review." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.207.

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Urban drainage systems are in general failing in their functions mainly due to non-stationary climate and rapid urbanization. As these systems are becoming less efficient, issues such as sewer overflows and increase in urban flooding leading to surge in pollutant loads to receiving water bodies are becoming pervasive rapidly. A comprehensive investigation is required to understand these factors impacting the functioning of urban drainage, which vary spatially and temporally and are more complex when weaving together. It is necessary to establish a cost-effective, integrated planning and design framework for every local area by incorporating fit for purpose alternatives. Carefully selected adaptive measures are required for the provision of sustainable drainage systems to meet combined challenges of climate change and urbanization. This paper reviews challenges associated with urban drainage systems and explores limitations and potentials of different adaptation alternatives. It is hoped that the paper would provide drainage engineers, water planners, and decision makers with the state of the art information and technologies regarding adaptation options to increase drainage systems efficiency under changing climate and urbanization.

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Garofalo, Giuseppina, Marco Carbone, and Patrizia Piro. "Stormwater Detention Tanks for Sustainable Energy Management in Urban Environment." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1031.

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The risk of flooding in urban environment has become more and more frequent due to the increased impervious surfaces and climate change. The most suitable solutions for mitigating the urban flooding risks are stormwater detention tanks which temporarily store the exceeded rainfall and gradually release it into the urban drainage system at the end of the rainfall events. The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility of stormwater detention tanks used also for producing hydroelectric power serving a small town, through the release of such volumes. The study is applied to an urban watershed in the city of Cosenza, Italy. After a preliminary design, a hydrologic/hydraulic model, SWMM, coupled with a numerical model implemented in MATLAB was used to predict the stormwater volumes reusable for the production of electricity and the overall response of the system on annual basis. The results obtained showed that a mini-hydro system in an urban area is technically feasible. From an economic point of view, the system is self-sustainable only if one considers the need to integrate the urban drainage network with the electric power grid using the stormwater volumes to store energy in hours of maximum electric energy production that otherwise would be lost.

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Muthanna, Tone, Edvard Sivertsen, Dennis Kliewer, and Lensa Jotta. "Coupling Field Observations and Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Analysis for Improved Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) Performance." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2018): 4683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124683.

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Urbanization and increased precipitation volumes and intensities due to climate change add pressure to the urban drainage system, resulting in increased flooding frequencies of urban areas and deteriorating water quality in receiving waters. Infiltration practices and the use of blue green infrastructure, also called Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), can limit, and, in some cases, reverse the effects of urbanization. However, adequate infiltration capacity is an essential parameter for the successful implementation. In this paper, a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based hydrology analysis for SUDS placements is coupled with field measurements using Modified Phillip Dunne infiltrometer tests. The case study area is the expansion of the campus at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) over the next decade. Infiltration in urban soils can be highly heterogenous over short distances. When comparing measured infiltration rates with physical characteristics of the soils showed that the physical characteristics are not a good indication of the infiltration potential in urban soils with a large degree of compaction. The results showed that measuring the infiltration potential combined with flow path analysis can greatly enhance the benefits of blue green infrastructure, with an up to 70% difference in area required for SUDS solutions for managing 90% of the annual precipitation.

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Suripin, Ratih Pujiastuti, and Widjonarko. "The Initial Step for Developing Sustainable Urban Drainage System in Semarang City-Indonesia." Procedia Engineering 171 (2017): 1486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.478.

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Erbe, V., and M. Schütze. "An integrated modelling concept for immission-based management of sewer system, wastewater treatment plant and river." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0117.

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Today's planning standards deal with the individual urban drainage components (sewer system, wastewater treatment plant and receiving water) separately, i.e. they are often designed and operated as single components. As opposed to this, an integral handling considers the drainage components jointly. This novel approach allows a holistic and more sustainable planning of urban drainage systems. This paper presents an integrated modelling concept. The aim is to analyse fluxes through the total wastewater system and to integrate pollution-based control in the upstream direction, that is, e.g., managing the combined water retention tanks as a function of state variables in the WWTP or the receiving water. All models of the different subsystems are based on the Activated Sludge Model (ASM) concept of IWA, including River Water Quality Model No. 1 (RWQM). Simulations can be done in truly parallel mode using the simulation environment SIMBA. The integrated modelling concept is applied to the river Dhuenn and the urban wastewater system of the municipality of Odenthal (Germany). An optimised operation of the system using RTC proves to be a very effective measure.

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Ramírez, José Ignacio, Kong Qi, and Liu Xiaobo. "Sustainable stormwater management in Yinchuan New Town." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.051.

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In Yinchuan, China, a new urban area is planned for 160,000 inhabitants, in the vicinity of the Yellow River and close to a valuable natural landscape. To achieve sustainable development, an approach integrating urban planning, transport, energy, solid waste and water resources management is necessary. In order to achieve this, the SimbioCity approach was applied, where resource use and pollutant loads are reduced by creating cycles in which materials and water are recycled to the largest possible extent. In this context, the stormwater system is an important component. The objectives for the planned stormwater system in Yinchuan New City were to reduce flood risk and introduce stormwater purification, to maintain or improve water quality in the existing water bodies. A Sustainable Urban Drainage System approach was proposed and applied, during configuration and design of the new town's infrastructure. This proved both successful and cost effective.

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Kollyropoulos, K., F. Georma, F. Saranti, N. Mamassis, and I. K. Kalavrouziotis. "Urban planning and water management in Ancient Aetolian Makyneia, Western Greece." Water Supply 17, no. 3 (September 24, 2016): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.145.

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The findings of a large-scale archaeological investigation, conducted from 2009 to 2013 at a site in the vicinity of Antirrion, Western Greece, identified with ancient Makyneia, provides interesting information on the architectural features and urban planning of an ancient settlement in this area of mainland Western Greece. Through an interdisciplinary study of its morphological and technological characteristics, water management problems and solutions can be revealed by the water management infrastructure (waterways, water reservoirs, drainage systems, etc.) as it has been documented during the excavation, An interesting question to investigate is whether water management systems of the ancient settlement represent sustainable techniques and principles that can still be used today. To this aim, the functioning of the systems is reconstructed and characteristic quantities are calculated both for the potable water system and the drainage system.

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Dong, X., S. Zeng, and J. Chen. "A spatial multi-objective optimization model for sustainable urban wastewater system layout planning." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.113.

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Design of a sustainable city has changed the traditional centralized urban wastewater system towards a decentralized or clustering one. Note that there is considerable spatial variability of the factors that affect urban drainage performance including urban catchment characteristics. The potential options are numerous for planning the layout of an urban wastewater system, which are associated with different costs and local environmental impacts. There is thus a need to develop an approach to find the optimal spatial layout for collecting, treating, reusing and discharging the municipal wastewater of a city. In this study, a spatial multi-objective optimization model, called Urban wastewateR system Layout model (URL), was developed. It is solved by a genetic algorithm embedding Monte Carlo sampling and a series of graph algorithms. This model was illustrated by a case study in a newly developing urban area in Beijing, China. Five optimized system layouts were recommended to the local municipality for further detailed design.

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Veról, Aline Pires, Ianic Bigate Lourenço, João Paulo Rebechi Fraga, Bruna Peres Battemarco, Mylenna Linares Merlo, Paulo Canedo de Magalhães, and Marcelo Gomes Miguez. "River Restoration Integrated with Sustainable Urban Water Management for Resilient Cities." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 8, 2020): 4677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114677.

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Urban floods can threaten citizens’ quality of life, produce socioeconomic losses, and act as an urban degradation driver. Restoring urban rivers, however, is not simple and its results are usually limited. It would be desirable to enhance urban fluvial systems, control flood risks, and increase city resilience while improving the city itself. This work suggests that river restoration, when applied to an urban watershed, should be supported by sustainable urban drainage measures to compensate for the negative effects induced by city growth in the water cycle, in a systemic approach to the entire watershed. A methodological framework is proposed to verify this hypothesis intending to assess urban flooding projects in a wide sense. This framework uses a hydrodynamic mathematical model and a set of multicriteria indices. A case study in Dona Eugênia Watershed, in Brazil, was developed. Two different design concepts were considered: the usual drainage design and the river restoration combined with sustainable urban drainage. Both solutions were designed to completely solve the problems, leading to virtually zero flooding in the present situation; however, environmental and urban gains were greater when using the proposed combination. Besides, when testing resilience behavior, it was also shown to be more consistent over time.

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Boller, M. "Towards sustainable urban stormwater management." Water Supply 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0007.

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New directives for the management of urban stormwater prioritize infiltration and direct discharge into receiving waters. This requires innovative new stormwater facilities in urban areas. Besides hydraulic requirements for retention and infiltration capacity, the pollutants contained in the runoff water are of primary importance in future stormwater drainage concepts. Different urban surfaces are classified according to their potential for pollutant wash-off and the most crucial substances in view of hazardous effects in the aquatic and terrestrial environment are identified. Source control of hazardous pollutants by choosing alternative materials for the construction of buildings, roads and vehicles is considered to be most sustainable but will only be effective on a longterm perspective. In addition, new facilities for decentralized hydraulic retention combined with barrier systems for the most hazardous substances are proposed allowing for ecologically safe discharge of the stormwater into the local environment. Soil passage and new adsorber systems in the form of different granular adsorbents have been investigated and turned out to represent efficient retention systems which can well be integrated into infiltration and hydraulic retention facilities. It is suggested that the structures for stormwater handling are integrated into local landscaping in the surrounding of buildings in the form of ponds, reed-beds, ditches, etc. creating attractive blue-green environments.

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Dibaba, Wakjira Takala. "A REVIEW OF SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM: TRAITS AND CONSEQUENCES / REVISÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DE UM SISTEMA DE DRENAGEM URBANA: CARACTERÍSTICAS E CONSEQÜÊNCIAS." Journal of Sedimentary Environments 3, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jse.2018.37825.

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The negative effect of domestic effluents on the quantity and quality of water and urban amenities makes increasingly imperative to establish sustainable drainage systems in cities. Therefore, for a better plan and sustainable development of a town, it is highly imperative for environmentalists, hydrologists, land use planners and for storm and wastewater management to analyze the existing drainage system and predict the environmental responses to the discharges of urban drainage system. This study has analyzed the existing drainage system of Jimma city (Ethiopia) and identified the major factors contributing to the poor drainage performance. Jimma population growth has been increasing the problems caused by the uncontrolled release of domestic effluents and urban solid waste, with increasingly damaging consequences for the environmental quality, social wellness and economy of the city. With the intensification of Jimma development, surface water discharges from developed areas and uncontrolled wastes are being increasingly released, affecting social, environmental and economic state of the city. Lack of proper functioning drainage infrastructure, uncontrolled waste disposal, lack of periodic inspection and maintenance, poor connection of drainage networks and roads and carelessness led to the failure of the existing drainage system. These conditions caused drainage blockages, resulting in overflows and floods, leading to less and less attractive conditions in the city and making some places unfit to be inhabited. ResumoO efeito negativo dos efluentes domésticos sobre a quantidade e a qualidade da água e o bem estar urbano torna cada vez mais imperioso o estabelecimento de sistemas sustentáveis de drenagem. Por isso, a análise do sistema de drenagem existente e a previsão das respostas ambientais às descargas urbanas são altamente imperativas tendo em vista um melhor planejamento e desenvolvimento sustentável de uma cidade. Este estudo analisou o sistema de drenagem da cidade de Jimma (Etiópia) e identificou os principais fatores que contribuem para o seu mau funcionamento. O crescimento populacional de Jimma tem vindo a ampliar os problemas causados pela libertação descontrolada de efluentes domésticos e resíduos sólidos urbanos, com consequências cada vez mais nefastas para a qualidade ambiental, para o bem estar social e a economia da cidade. O funcionamento inadequado da infraestrutura de drenagem, o descarte descontrolado de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a falta de inspeção e manutenção periódicas, a conexão deficiente de redes de drenagem e estradas e o descuido conduziram á inoperância do sistema de drenagem existente. Estas condições causaram bloqueios de drenagem, resultando em transbordamentos e inundações, tornando a cidade cada vez menos atrativa e tornando alguns locais impróprios para ser habitados.

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Zanin, Giampaolo, Lucia Bortolini, and Maurizio Borin. "Assessing Stormwater Nutrient and Heavy Metal Plant Uptake in an Experimental Bioretention Pond." Land 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7040150.

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With the purpose to study a solution based on Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) to reduce and treat stormwater runoff in urban areas, a bioretention pond (BP) was realized in the Agripolis campus of the University of Padova, Italy. The BP collected overflow water volumes of the rainwater drainage system of a 2270 m2 drainage area consisting almost entirely of impervious surfaces. Sixty-six Tech-IA® floating elements, supporting four plants each, were laid on the water surface. Eleven species of herbaceous perennial helophyte plants, with ornamental features, were used and tested. The early growth results of the BP functioning showed that nearly 50% of the total inflow water volume was stored or evapotranspirated, reducing the peak discharge on the urban drainage system. Among plants, Alisma parviflora, Caltha palustris, Iris ‘Black Gamecock’, Lysimachia punctata ‘Alexander’, Oenanthe javanica ‘Flamingo’, Mentha aquatica, Phalaris arundinacea ‘Picta’, and Typha laxmannii had the best survival and growth performances. A. parviflora and M. aquatica appeared interesting also for pollutant reduction in runoff water.

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Jiménez Ariza, Martínez, Muñoz, Quijano, Rodríguez, Camacho, and Díaz-Granados. "A Multicriteria Planning Framework to Locate and Select Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) in Consolidated Urban Areas." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082312.

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The implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) is increasing due to their advantages, which transcend runoff control. As a result, it is important to find the appropriate SUDS locations to maximize the benefits for the watershed. This study develops a multiscale methodology for consolidated urban areas that allows the analysis of environmental, social, and economic aspects of SUDS implementation according to multiple objectives (i.e., runoff management, water quality improvements, and amenity generation). This methodology includes three scales: (a) citywide, (b) local, and (c) microscale. The citywide scale involves the definition of objectives through workshops with the participation of the main stakeholders, and the development of spatial analyses to identify (1) priority urban drainage sub-catchments: areas that need intervention, and (2) strategic urban drainage sub-catchments: zones with the opportunity to integrate SUDS due the presence of natural elements or future urban redevelopment plans. At a local scale, prospective areas are analyzed to establish the potential of SUDS implementation. Microscale comprises the use of the results from the previous scales to identify the best SUDS placement. In the latter scale, the SUDS types and treatment trains are selected. The methodology was applied to the city of Bogotá (Colombia) with a population of nearly seven million inhabitants living in an area of approximately 400 km2. Results include: (a) The identification of priority urban drainage sub-catchments, where the implementation of SUDS could bring greater benefits; (b) the determination of strategic urban drainage sub-catchments considering Bogotá’s future urban redevelopment plans, and green and blue-green corridors; and (c) the evaluation of SUDS suitability for public and private areas. We found that the most suitable SUDS types for public areas in Bogotá are tree boxes, cisterns, bioretention zones, green swales, extended dry detention basins, and infiltration trenches, while for private residential areas they are rain barrels, tree boxes, green roofs, and green swales.

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Hellmers, S., N. Manojlović, G. Palmaricciotti, S. Kurzbach, and P. Fröhle. "Multiple linked sustainable drainage systems in hydrological modelling for urban drainage and flood risk management." Journal of Flood Risk Management 11 (March 17, 2015): S5—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12146.

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Monberg, Rikke Juul, Andy G. Howe, Hans Peter Ravn, and Marina Bergen Jensen. "Exploring structural habitat heterogeneity in sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) for urban biodiversity support." Urban Ecosystems 21, no. 6 (August 28, 2018): 1159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-018-0790-6.

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Zhang, Zhao, Hu, Wang, Ai, and Li. "A 3D Reconstruction Pipeline of Urban Drainage Pipes Based on MultiviewImage Matching Using Low-Cost Panoramic Video Cameras." Water 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2019): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102101.

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Urban drainage pipe networks have complex spatial contributions, andthey are now facing problems such as damage, defects, and aging. A rapid and high-precision pipe inspection strategy is thekey to ensuring thesustainable development of urban water supply and drainage system. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction pipeline of urban drainage pipes based on multiview image matching using low-cost panoramic video cameras is proposed, which provides an innovative technical approach for pipe inspection. Firstly, we extracted frames from the panoramic video of the pipes andcorrected the geometric distortion using a spherical reprojection to obtain multiview pipe images. Second, the robust feature matching method using support lines and affine-invariant ratios isintroduced to conduct pipe image matching. Finally, the photogrammetric processing, using structure from motion (SfM) and dense reconstruction, wasintroduced to achieve the 3D modeling of drainage pipes. Several typical drainage pipes and shafts of the real scenes were taken for the 3D reconstruction experiments. Theresults show that our strategy can realize high-precision 3D reconstruction of different types of pipes, which can provide effective technical support for rapid and efficient inspection of urban pipes with broad application prospects in the daily management of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDSs).

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Chalid, Abdul, and Bagus Prasetya. "Utilization of a pond in East Jakarta for a sustainable urban drainage system model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 437 (February 11, 2020): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/437/1/012018.

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Lähde, Elisa, Ambika Khadka, Outi Tahvonen, and Teemu Kokkonen. "Can We Really Have It All?—Designing Multifunctionality with Sustainable Urban Drainage System Elements." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071854.

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Multifunctionality is seen as one of the key benefits delivered by sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). It has been promoted by both scientific research and practical guidelines. However, interrelations between different benefits are vaguely defined, thus highlighting a lack of knowledge on ways they could be promoted in the actual design process. In this research, multifunctionality has been studied with the help of scenario analysis. Three stormwater scenarios involving different range of SUDS elements have been designed for the case area of Kirstinpuisto in the city of Turku, Finland. Thereafter, the alternative design scenarios have been assessed with four criteria related to multifunctionality (water quantity, water quality, amenity, and biodiversity). The results showed that multifunctionality could be analyzed in the design phase itself, and thus provided knowingly. However, assessing amenity and biodiversity values is more complex and in addition, we still lack proper methods. As the four criteria have mutual interconnections, multifunctionality should be considered during the landscape architectural design, or else we could likely lose some benefits related to multifunctionality. This reinforces emerging understanding that an interdisciplinary approach is needed to combine ecological comprehension together with the system thinking into SUDS design, locating them not as individual elements or as a part of the treatment train, but in connection with wider social ecological framework of urban landscape.

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Benzerra, Abbas, Marzouk Cherrared, Bernard Chocat, Frédéric Cherqui, and Tarik Zekiouk. "Decision support for sustainable urban drainage system management: A case study of Jijel, Algeria." Journal of Environmental Management 101 (June 2012): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.027.

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Kusumastuti, Cilcia, Herry Pintardi Chandra, Kristanto Wibisono, and Antonius Christopher Hartono. "Eco Drainage System for Surface Runoff Reduction in Indonesia." Civil Engineering Dimension 21, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.21.1.29-35.

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Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) or eco-drainage system has been implemented in developed countries. The aims of the construction of the system are: to minimize surface runoff by capturing and temporarily retain it, to improve the quality of surface runoff, to infiltrate stormwater, to increase evapotranspiration, and to enhance landscape aesthetic value. Learning from the success of the implementation of SUDS in developed countries, the paper presents a model of eco-drainage system for residential area in Indonesia, which consists of rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) and retention ponds. A simulation of stormwater and surface runoff utilization is also presented. At 14,602.26 m2 bare land in Mojokerto Regency, East Java, which is transformed into residential area, the model of eco-drainage system could reduce surface runoff volume almost by 70%. It is recommended to adjust the dimension of rainwater storage tank and retention ponds in order to reduce more surface runoff volume.

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Barreto, W., N. Ramos, K. Castro, J. Torres, R. Torres, and R. Picón. "Development of a GIS Tool for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Evaluation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 503 (June 19, 2020): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/503/1/012033.

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Miguez, Marcelo G., Aline P. Verol, and Raphael B. Santos. "Alternative Solutions for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Integrating Areas of Irregular Urban Growth with the Formal City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 996–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.996.

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The main objective of this paper is to propose an alternative for the stormwater management in low-income communities, settled in urban vertical slums, located in areas with insufficient infrastructure and degraded environment. A case study located in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, is presented. The high slopes of the studied area are used to favor the superficial flows, generating alternatives for the traditional stormdrains used to collect the runoff of the upstream reaches. A small reservoir is proposed for each house, reducing flood volumes by allowing rainwater harvesting, and a greater retention reservoir is introduced as a storage measure for connecting the microdrainage coming from the informal city to the formal city. The different scenarios were simulated with the aid of a mathematical model called MODCEL and the results showed that it is possible to apply an effective drainage system solution in informal areas, without affecting the already implemented downstream formal drainage network. The retention reservoir proposed also introduces the possibility to act in improving the water quality to downstream areas, although this complementary aspect is not developed in this study.

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Mottaghi, Misagh, Henrik Aspegren, and Karin Jönsson. "Integrated urban design and open storm drainage in our urban environments: merging drainage techniques into our city's urban spaces." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.016.

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Flooding is the most common natural hazard in Europe. Cities cannot rely only on underground solutions which are expensive and inflexible. In order to reduce the negative impacts of flood, open and surface solutions play a key role in the efficiency of urban drainage systems. Utilizing the earth's surface as part of sustainable water infrastructure, also as powerful element for creating the space, adds multiple values to our urban environments. This article suggests a framework to increase the likelihood of turning the idea of flood resilient city to a best practice. The paper is clarifying the design principles. The target is turning a space to a functional place by applying drainage techniques in urban design, which requires robust local integration between the urban space and technical solutions. The study of storm water management in the Swedish and Dutch contexts was an important base for this formulation. Considering the important share of urban design in urban transition success, the paper is focusing on categorizing the required steps of flood resilient urban design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sustainable urban drainage system'

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