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1

McQuillan, Dermott M. Fast Fourier transform analysis of signal-averaged electrocardiograms for identification of patients proneto sustained ventricular tachycardia. The author], 1985.

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2

Holland, John H. 5. Specialization and diversity. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199662548.003.0005.

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A multi-celled organism consists of specialized cells organized into a variety of communities. ‘Specialization and diversity’ shows that community-based organization extends both downward and upward from the level of organisms, giving rise to the hierarchies that characterize complex adaptive systems. Diverse specialist agents attend to, and process, selected signals. The diversity is sustained by a combination of boundaries, signals, and signal-processing. A characteristic of this signal-processing is that relatively small parts of signals—tags—route the signals through the boundaries. This t
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Mason, Laura. Thermidor and the Myth of Rupture. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.030.

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The defeat of Maximilien Robespierre on 9 Thermidor year II initiated a realignment of political forces within and beyond the National Convention, which is traditionally known as the Thermidorian Reaction (July 1794–October 1795). That moment did not, however, signal the fundamental rupture that the Thermidorians claimed. Although the National Convention repealed restrictive legislation and abandoned the promise of political and social democracy, it also sustained revolutionary government and the Montagnard commitment to strengthen the Convention by challenging extra-legislative competitors. S
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Sotunsa, Mobolanle Ebunoluwa, and Abikal Borah. Imagining Vernacular Histories. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881810801.

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Imagining Vernacular Histories is centered on the idea of engaging with indigenous African cosmologies that signal at pluriversality. In conversation with Toyin Falola’s reading of the African pluriverse and his exploration of the idea of “ritual archives,” the contributors to this volume rethink the historical archive in search of vernacular histories. Simultaneously, they recognize the contributions from various other disciplines in pluralizing the term vernacular. The book brings together a wide range of topics, such as reflections on African historiography; the relationship between memory,
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and, Bruno. Attention and Learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0009.

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Attention can be defined as a multifaceted gateway to consciousness. We use attention to focus on specific sensory signals (selective attention), to allocate resources to concurrent relevant sources (divided attention), to switch between tasks (alternate attention), to maintain focus on a task for a prolonged period (sustained attention), to ready ourselves for a quick response to sudden novel information (alertness); and all these processes, to some extent, control what sensory signals are processed up to the level of conscious awareness. The multifarious functions of attention often involve
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Chalder, Trudie, and Matteo Cella. Fatigue. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0079.

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Fatigue is a term used to describe an inability to sustain physical or mental effort. It should be distinguished from weakness, which is an inability to generate normal muscular strength. Fatigue is a natural signal to reduce or stop physical activity, but also a common subjective experience which may escalate to a significant health complaint as either a primary or a secondary (or supporting) symptom to an existing condition. Fatigue is the one of the commonest symptoms experienced by the general population. Approximately 25% of patients attending their GP complain of fatigue. However, only 1
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7

Lopes da Silva, Fernando H., and Eric Halgren. Neurocognitive Processes. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0048.

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Transmembrane neuronal currents that embody cognition in the cortex produce magnetoencephalographic and electroencephalographic signals. Frequency-domain analysis reveals standard rhythms with consistent topography, frequency, and cognitive correlates. Time-domain analysis reveals average event-related potentials and field (ERP/ERF) components with consistent topography, latency, and cognitive correlates. Standard rhythms and ERP/ERF components underlie perceiving stimuli; evaluating whether stimuli match predictions, and taking appropriate action when they do not; encoding stimuli to permit s
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8

Stevens, Richard G. Loss of sleep or loss of dark? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0015.

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Before electricity, night was something akin to the deep sea: just as we could not descend much below the water surface, we also could not investigate the night for more than a short distance, and for a short period of time. Things changed with two inventions: the Bathysphere to plumb the ocean floor, and electricity to light the night for sustained exploration. Exploration led to dominance, and night has become indistinguishable from day in many parts of the world. The benefits of electric light are myriad, but so too are the possible detriments of loss of dark at night, including poor sleep,
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9

Lichtman, Robert M. Scales and CPUSA, Wilkinson and Braden, and Konigsberg II and Anastaplo—a Full-Scale Retreat. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037009.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses the U.S. Supreme Court’s October 1960 term, which saw a sudden and final outpouring of decisions in “Communist” cases—fifteen signed decisions. The government prevailed in nine, every one over the dissenting votes of Black, Warren, Douglas, and Brennan. The decisions included Scales, which upheld the constitutionality of the Smith Act’s “membership” clause, and CPUSA v. SACB, which sustained the registration provisions of the Internal Security Act. Decisions in two contempt-of-Congress cases confirmed that after Barenblatt the First Amendment posed no obstacle to committ
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Fallon, Francis, and Gavin Hyman, eds. Agnosticism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859123.001.0001.

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This book brings together some leading contemporary philosophers, from both the analytic and continental traditions, to give a sustained and in-depth treatment of the question of agnosticism. Approaching the question from a variety of stances and employing different methodologies, the contributors explore the various possible meanings of agnosticism today. Several of them develop what they describe as a ‘New Agnosticism’, where the relationship with theism or forms of religious belief is not as mutually exclusive as has often been assumed. Others look for signs of agnosticism in places where i
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Dalziel, Paul. Education and Qualifications as Skills. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.7.

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The chapter begins with an introduction of the basic Mincer, Shultz and Becker human capital model. Section 2 discusses two theories that question the model’s link between education and labour market skills. The first theory argues that the education is a device to signal to potential employers that the individual has high natural abilities that are unobservable to the employer while the second argues that education sorts workers into different labour markets that are segmented by wider socio-economic forces. Section 3 considers two more recent developments. The first involves sequential analy
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Lichtman, Robert M. Deportations, Fallout from Dennis, and the Rosenberg Case. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037009.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the U.S. Supreme Court’s decisions during its October 1951 and 1952 terms and Special term in 1953. The decisions in the 1951 and 1952 terms largely sustained government action. Deportation issues predominated, with the Court issuing seven signed decisions in deportation cases over the two-year span. Three other decisions were spawned by Dennis, two relating to punishment of Dennis defense attorneys. The Court also ruled on the validity of a loyalty oath required of Oklahoma’s public-school teachers and on New York City’s loyalty program for its teachers. And it consider
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Shaibani, Aziz. Hyperreflexia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0018.

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Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) is a sign of upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions. It is also commonly seen in normal but anxious people. The proper technique of deep tendon reflex examination and experience play a major role in eliciting and categorizing DTRs. Sustained clonus is the highest degree of hyperreflexia. The most important neuromuscular disease associated with hyperreflexia is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) due to degeneration of the cortical motor neurons. Diagnostic difficulty occurs when hyperreflexia and spasticity are the only findings. In these cases, primary latera
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Das, Parthajit, and Rachel Jeffery. Muscle pain. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0063.

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Muscle diseases constitute a large group of hereditary and acquired disorders, collectively referred to as myopathy. Symptoms of myopathy are muscle pain, muscle cramps or spasms, stiff or rigid muscles, and muscle weakness. Muscle pain, or myalgia, is by far the most common presentation. Although most myalgia will be benign and self-limiting, it can be a reflection of underlying serious illnesses which may lead to significant morbidity. It is important to differentiate myalgia from myopathy (muscle disease) and myositis (inflammation of muscle). A muscle is said to be in spasm when it contrac
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Bernard, Seth. The Labor Supply of Mid-Republican Rome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878788.003.0006.

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Rome’s building industry shows unprecedented and sustained energy starting in the early third century. The structures of labor that supported this building boom are detailed here using literary and epigraphic evidence. The collapse of forms of dependent labor by ca. 300 BCE coincided with the rise of an urban labor supply characterized by slave- and free-wage labor. We detect signs of significant demographic growth at Rome in this period, and much of this increase was owed to immigrating labor. On the one hand, an active slave market pushed labor to the capital; on the other hand, we see at Ro
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16

Michener, J. Lloyd, Denise Koo, Brian C. Castrucci, and James B. Sprague, eds. The Practical Playbook. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190222147.001.0001.

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Drawing on the experiences of hundreds of public health and primary care clinicians from across the United States, this book explains why population health is receiving so much attention from policy makers in states and federal agencies; the practical steps that clinicians and public health professionals can take to work together to meet the needs of their community; signs that you are on the right track (or not); and how to sustain successes to the benefit of patients, community members, and the health care and public health teams that care for them.
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17

de Carvalho, Mamede, and Michael Swash. Neurophysiology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor degenerations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0022.

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Electromyography is critical for the diagnosis of motor neuron disease, as its findings exclude mimicking disorders, and confirm signs of widespread motor unit loss and reinnervation. In chronic conditions the slow disease course allows giant, stable motor unit potentials to appear. In contrast, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the rapid degenerative process is characterized by signs of denervation and unstable motor unit potentials, where motor units become dysfunctional before having time to sustain very large reinnervated motor unit potentials. Fasciculation potentials are observed in both
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18

Benson, Josef, and Doug Singsen. Bandits, Misfits, and Superheroes. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496838339.001.0001.

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American comics have for most of their existence reflected the white-supremacist culture out of which they arose. Superheroes and comic books in general are products of whiteness that both signal and hide its presence, blending into the cultural landscape as myths that serve to buttress and sustain white supremacy. Even when comics creators and publishers sought to advance an anti-racist agenda, very often a lack of awareness of their own whiteness and the ideological baggage that goes along with it undermined their efforts. Even the sacred cows of the industry, such as Jerry Siegel and Joe Sh
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Morel, Olivier. The “German Illusion”. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798765107409.

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Examines Jewish-German “tropes” in Hélène Cixous’s oeuvre and life and their impact on her work as a feminist, poet, and playwright. Hélène Cixous is a poet, philosopher, and activist known worldwide for her manifesto on Écriture feminine (feminine writing) and for her influential literary texts, plays, and essays. While the themes were rarely present in her earlier writings, Germany and Jewish-German family figures and topics have significantly informed most of Cixous’s late works. Born in Algeria in June 1937, she grew up with a mother who had escaped Germany after the rise of Nazism and a g
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McRae, Elizabeth Gillespie. Mothers of Massive Resistance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190271718.001.0001.

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Examining racial segregation from 1920s to the 1970s, this book argues that white segregationist women constituted the grassroots workforce for racial segregation. For decades, they censored textbooks, campaigned against the United Nations, denied marriage certificates, celebrated school choice, and lobbied elected officials. They trained generations, built national networks, collapsed their duties as white mothers with those of citizenship, and experimented with a color-blind political discourse. Their work beyond legislative halls empowered the Jim Crow order with a flexibility and a kind of
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Pitzalis, Costantino, Frances Humby, and Michael P. Seed. Synovial pathology. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0052.

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Synovial pathology is seen in a variety of disease states, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE). This chapter highlights recent advances that characterize the cellular composition of these tissues according to surface markers and chemokine and cytokine expression, and describes synovial functional status and response to therapeutics. In RA, after initiation, pannus migrates over and under cartilage, and into subchondral bone, in a destructive process. Cartilage-pannus junction (CPJ) is characterized as invasive or
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Goswami, B. N., and Soumi Chakravorty. Dynamics of the Indian Summer Monsoon Climate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.613.

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Lifeline for about one-sixth of the world’s population in the subcontinent, the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is an integral part of the annual cycle of the winds (reversal of winds with seasons), coupled with a strong annual cycle of precipitation (wet summer and dry winter). For over a century, high socioeconomic impacts of ISM rainfall (ISMR) in the region have driven scientists to attempt to predict the year-to-year variations of ISM rainfall. A remarkably stable phenomenon, making its appearance every year without fail, the ISM climate exhibits a rather small year-to-year variation (the sta
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