Academic literature on the topic 'Sutasoma'

Kekawin Sutasoma menceritakan perjalanan Sang Sutasoma yang digubah oleh Rakawi Mpu Tantular pada masa pemerintahan Raja Hayam Wuruk dari Kerajaan Majapahit. Artikel ini mengkaji tentang struktur teks kekawin Sutasoma, sinopsis kekawin Sutasoma, amalgamasi dan restrukturisai Hindu (Siwa) Buddha pada kekawin Sutasoma. Nilai terpenting yang terdapat dalam Sutasoma adalah ajaran untuk mencari intisari dari sebuah ajaran agama, dan menganggap agama Siwa dan Buddha yang kurun waktu itu berkembang di Majapahit memiliki intisari yang sama, sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam memandang sebuah perbedaan agama hanya pada kulitnya saja, sedangkan intinya sama (persamaan dalam perbedaan). Sehingga pada masa Majapahit toleransi antarumat beragama terjaga dengan baik dan berpuncak pada masa keemasan Majapahit. Sutasoma melahirkan sesanti Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, sebuah mahakarya filosofi adiluhung dari Jawa Kuno yang masih sangat relevan dijadikan acuan dalam kehidupan beragama, berbangsa, dan bernegara.

Review of: Kate O’Brien, Sutasoma: The ancient tale of a Buddha-Prince from 14th century Java by the poet Mpu Tantular. Mpu Tantular, Kakawin Sutasoma. Cok Sawitri, Sutasoma. I Ketut Riana, Kakawin Dēśa Warnnana uthawi Nāgara Krtāgama: Masa keemasan Majapahit.

This study aimed at investigating whether or not there was a significant effect on science learning achievement of students who were taught by using Word Square learning model based on Tri Kaya Parisudha and who were not taught by using Word Square learning model based on Tri Kaya Parisudha in the fifth grade students at SDN Gugus 6 Sutasoma Kubutambahan Sub-District in accademic year 2017/2018. This study was a quasi-experimental research. The population of this study was the 141 students of fifth grade students at SDN Gugus 6 Sutasoma Kubutambahan Sub-district. The research sample were 14 students of the fifth grade students at SD Negeri 5 Tajun and 16 students of the fifth grade students in SD Negeri 6 Tajun. The data were collected by using test method, the instrument was science learning achievement test and used in the form of multiple choice test. The obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis techniques and inferential statistical analysis which was t-test. The average value of the two classes, namely the experimental group was 23.64 while the control group was 16.25. The result of data analysis showed that thitung = 5.28> ttable = 2.048. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there was an effect of Word Square-learning model based on Tri Kaya Parisudha on students’ science learning achievement of the fifth grade students at SDN Gugus 6 Sutasoma Kubutambahan Sub-district in academic year 2017/2018.

This article sheds light on the formulation of pluralism based on the reading of classical Javanese texts by choosing some excerpts of Hindu-Buddhist literature called kakawin and later Islamic works called serat and babad. Dynamic practices of syncretism and harmonization of local and foreign religious traditions are found in the excerpts of Sutasoma, Kertagama, Dewa Ruci, Babad Tanah Jawa, and Centini. From reading of these messages, this writing finds that since the old time of Singasari and Majapahit, harmonization and syncretism of many religious traditions has been practiced as an essential part of the concept of pluralism. Hindu-Buddhist came first in the older literature and later Islamic elements added the complexity of syncretism. This study also finds that Hindu-Buddhist figures are reenacted in the Islamic literature with modifications. The accounts of the famous Javanese saint Sunan Kalijaga reflects the older source of Sutasoma, Ken Arok, Bhima, and other figures. Their stories tell us about the relativism of evil and good, in which evil is not annihilated but converted into goods. This article is an example of our endeavor that pluralism can be formulated based on local wisdom such as reading classical texts with the spirit of reinterpretation of indigenous virtues with a fresh perspective.[Artikel ini mencoba menemukan rumusan pluralisme dengan membaca ulang teks klasik Jawa dengan memilih bagian tertentu dari sastra Hindu-Buddha yang disebut kakawin dan karya Islami yang disebut serat dan babad. Praktik dinamis sinkretisme dan penyelarasan antara tradisi keagamaan lokal dan asing ditemui dalam Sutasoma, Kertagama, Dewa Ruci, Babad Tanah Jawa, dan Centini. Dari hasil bacaan teks-teks di atas, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa sejak masa kuno Singasari dan Majapahit, penyelarasan dan sinkretisme antara banyak tradisi keagamaan telah dipraktikkan sebagai bagian penting dari konsep pluralisme. Hindu-Buddha datang pertama lalu disusul oleh karya Islam yang menambah nuansa sinkretis. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa tokoh Hindu-Buddha diceritakan ulang dalam karya Islam dengan berbagai modifikasi. Cerita tentang Sunan Kalijaga mencerminkan sumber yang lebih tua seperti Sutasoma, Ken Arok, Bhima, dan tokoh-tokoh lain. Kisah mereka mengajarkan kepada kita tentang relativitas antara kejahatan dan kebaikan; kejahatan tidak dimusnahkan tetapi diubah menjadi kebaikan. Artikel ini merupakan contoh usaha untuk merumuskan konsep pluralisme berdasarkan kebijakan lokal dengan membaca kembali teks-teks klasik dengan semangat penafsiran ulang ajaran lokal dengan perspektif baru.]

Lately, the decline in the understanding of Pancasila and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika as the identity and ideology of the Indonesian nation has become a central issue that we must solve together. Diversity in ethnicity, religion, race, and customs owned by the Indonesian nation has been perceived and understood since thousands of years ago, diversities which were starting to be joined together during the Majapahit era. Mpu Tantular in his infamous Kakawin Sutasoma has written “bhinnekatunggalikatan hanadharma mangrwa”, an idea about unity in diversity. From then on, this idea has grown into nationalism spirit, which eventually became a tremendous force to repel the Dutch colonialist. Therefore these diversities must be maintained and preserved. Through a study about the past, archaeology has a role in protecting and preserving the cultural diversity to unify the nation.Akhir-akhir ini, menurunnya pemahaman tentang jatidiri dan ideologi bangsa seperti Pancasila dan Bhineka Tunggal Ika menjadi isu sentral bangsa Indonesia yang harus kita selesaikan bersama. Kebhinekaan suku, agama, ras, dan adat istiadat yang dimiliki Bangsa Indonesia telah dirasakan dan difahami sejak ribuan tahun yang lalu, yang akhirnya mengkristal pada masa Majapahit. Oleh Mpu Tantular dalam Kakawin Sutasoma pupuh 139 bait ke 5 ditulis “bhinneka tunggal ika tan hana dharma mangrwa”, suatu ide tentang kesatuan dalam keberagaman. Akhirnya, kebhinekaan yang dikemas dalam wadah nasionalisme merupakan kekuatan yang luar biasa sehingga mampu mengusir penjajah Belanda. Oleh karena itu, kebhinekaan dan keragaman harus tetap dijaga dan dilestarikan. Melalui kajian sisa-sisa rangka dan budaya manusia masa lalu, arkeologi ikut berperan dalam menjaga dan melestarikan kebhinekaan budaya sebagai pemersatu bangsa.

In religious life, at first the existence of Hindu and Buddhist very harmonious and contradictory in their home country, namely India. But the two religions in Indosesia seem very harmonious, especially in the era of the Majapahit kingdom. Moreover, the existence of Hinduism and Buddhism in Bali very harmony and even complement each other in practice and spiritual order. Buddhism is very much a substance similar to the teachings of Hinduism. In some Hindu literature was found a lot in common with the essence of Buddhism, and vice versa. Very often found literature-literature that reflects the harmony of both religions, among others: <em>Lontar Siwagama, Kekawin Mahabharata, Ramayana Kekawin, Kekawin Arjuna Wiwaha, Kekawin Bharata Yudha </em>and<em> Kekawin Sutasoma, Sanghyang Kamahayanikan, Bubugsah Gagakaking</em> and so on. By looking at it as if the two religions fused in practice in Bali, especially in the implementation of religious activities such as the ritual tawur agung in connection with the celebration of Nyepi Saka as the New Year.

<p>This paper argues that the dynamics of Indonesian culture in Asian context, as seen from a linguistic perspective, may occur in the form of cultural reinterpretation and semantic change. At the cultural level, this paper takes a close look at two things: apology and “Indonglish” (Indonesian English). Apology is a universal speech act. However, where, when, how, and why people apologize to one another can be culture-specific. I pick out an Islam-specific greeting which gets modified by taking a Malay-specific apology as an illustrative example. As for Indonglish, it can be viewed either as a mock term or as a serious term. As a mock term, Indonglish is characterized by Indonesian-specific errors; and as a serious sociolinguistic term, it is characterized by apology, Indonesian address terms, and religion-related expressions.</p><p>The semantic change pertains to three expressions: <em>pancasila, bhinneka tunggal ika, </em>and<em> tut wuri handayani</em>. The compound word <em>pancasila</em> means ‘five principles’, and the phrase <em>bhinneka tunggal ika</em> means ‘unity in diversity’. Both expressions originate from an old Javanese literary work <em>Sutasoma</em>, written during the second half of the 14<sup>th</sup> century. In <em>Sutasoma</em>, both expressions refer respectively to ‘five moral principles in Buddhism’ and ‘a single religious truth proposed to unite Buddhism and Hinduism’. However, in modern Indonesia, they have undergone drastic semantic change. <em>Pancasila</em> is a cover politico-philosophical term for the five state foundations; and <em>bhinneka tunggal ika</em> is a national motto intended to unite people with different backgrounds into a single Indonesian nation. The last expression <em>tut wuri handayani</em>, or ‘giving support from behind’, was part of the educational motto for Taman Siswa, an educational institution established in the early 1920s. Now, it is taken as a motto for national education, for its great relevance to principles of modern educational psychology. Briefly, cultural dynamics are observable in apology and Indonglish; and the three local expressions originating from Javanese have now become prominent terms of national treasure, whose meanings spark some global appeal.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: cultural reinterpretation, semantic change, apology, Indonglish.<em></em></strong></p>