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Park, Un-Ki, Haechul Choi, Jung Won Kang, and Jae-Gon Kim. "Scalable Video Coding Using Large Block and its Performance Analysis." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 18, no. 2 (March 30, 2013): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2013.18.2.249.
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de Asís López-Fuentes, Francisco. "P2P video streaming combining SVC and MDC." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-011-0022-1.
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P2P video streaming combining SVC and MDC In this paper we propose and evaluate a combined SVC-MDC (Scalable Video Coding & Multiple Description Video Coding) video coding scheme for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) video multicast. The proposed scheme is based on a full cooperation established between the peer sites, which contribute their upload capacity during video distribution. The source site splits the video content into many small blocks and assigns each block to a single peer for redistribution. Our solution is implemented in a fully meshed P2P network in which peers are connected to each other via UDP (User Datagram Protocol) links. The video content is encoded by using the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) method. We present a flow control mechanism that allows us to optimize dynamically the overall throughput and to automatically adjust video quality for each peer. Thus, peers with different upload capacity receive different video quality. We also combine the SVC method with Multiple Description Coding (MDC) to alleviate the packet loss problem. We implemented and tested this approach in the PlanetLab infrastructure. The obtained results show that our solution achieves good performance and remarkable video quality in the presence of packet loss.
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Arai, Tomoyuki, Rintaro Hojo, Takeshi Kitamura, and Seiji Fukamizu. "A new method of superior vena cava isolation without phrenic nerve injury by longitudinal ablation parallel to the phrenic nerve: a case report." European Heart Journal - Case Reports 4, no. 5 (September 9, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa312.
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Abstract Background Superior vena cava (SVC) isolation has improved the outcomes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) originating from the SVC. However, right phrenic nerve (PN) injury is a major complication of this procedure. Therefore, in cases where the right atrium (RA)-SVC conduction site is near the PN, tremendous care is required to prevent PN injury. Case summary Repeated SVC isolation was performed due to the recurrence of SVC-triggered AF. The RA-SVC activation map revealed that the partial conduction block line was detected, and the propagation broke through the gap at the course of the PN site from the RA to the SVC. Since the course of the PN identified at high-output pacing was wide, the SVC was isolated by making longitudinal lines on both sides of the PN in a cranial direction, except for where low-output pacing captured, confirming compound muscle action potential to detect PN injury. Eventually, the SVC was successfully isolated without PN injury, and the sinus rhythm was maintained without antiarrhythmic drugs during a 14-month follow-up period. Conclusion Superior vena cava isolation was difficult depending on the course of the PN, and some methods to avoid PN injury were reported. However, this method can facilitate safe and effective SVC isolation with the conventional system, including the cases with AF foci located on the course of the PN.
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Deng, Robert Huijie, Xuhua Ding, Yongdong Wu, and Zhuo Wei. "Efficient block-based transparent encryption for H.264/SVC bitstreams." Multimedia Systems 20, no. 2 (June 9, 2013): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00530-013-0326-0.
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Panfilov, Dmitry Ivanovich, Ahmed ElGebaly, Alexander Nikolaevich Rozhkov, and Michael Astashev. "Control Strategy of Thyristors Switched SVCs with High Power Quality." Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering 3, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v3i1.123.
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In this paper, new static VAR compensators SVCs schemes for inductive and capacitive reactive power are developed. The provided schemes improve the flexibility and power system quality of SVCs by developing new circuit topologies with new control strategy of the reactive power. New circuit schemes are introduced for thyristors switched reactors TSR and thyristors switched capacitors TSC to design harmonic-free SVC with higher discrete number of reactive power levels. This paper provides the control algorithm and block diagram of the new SVCs schemes. The switching strategies of TSR and TSC are described and implemented. The new scheme of TSC requires special modifications to decrease transient effects and implementation of specific switching strategies to acquire SVC with high power quality indexes.
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Chen, Xi, Zong Ze Wu, Sheng Li Xie, and Jin Hai Liu. "Design and Implementation of H.264/SVC Decoder Forecast Module on ASIC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 1371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.1371.
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An ASIC front-end design of intra and inter prediction module based on H.264/SVC standard is proposed in this paper. State machine is used in intra prediction module for timing control. A branch reusable unit ADDR3221 is constructed and optimized to implement the intra prediction in RTL-level. In inter prediction module, the three-level MUX is used to realize the level control from the frame-level to block-level. According to the different segmentation of luma and chroma, the computation of the motion vector and interpolation is realized. Simulation and optimization are performed on the EDA tool of Synopsys platform. Experimental results show that the design of the H.264/SVC forecast module fulfills functional integrity, and the power and the area meet the requirement of design constraint.
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Vakili, Hossein, Isa Khaheshi, Mehdi Memaryan, and Shooka Esmaeeli. "Angiosarcoma of the Right Atrium with Extension to SVC and IVC Presenting with Complete Heart Block and Significant Pericardial Effusion." Case Reports in Cardiology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3173069.
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Primary cardiac neoplasms are particularly unusual. Angiosarcoma is the most frequently seen histological subtype and is described by its infiltrating and damaging nature. Inappropriately, primary cardiac angiosarcoma is often missed as a preliminary diagnosis because of its scarcity. We present a 29-year-old previously healthy man with complete heart block and pericardial effusion who was finally diagnosed with angiosarcoma of the right atrium with extension to SVC and IVC.
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Balaji, L., K. K. Thyagharajan, and A. Dhanalakshmi. "An Efficient Block Mode Detection Algorithm for Scalable Video Coding using Probability Model." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, no. 2 (April 2015): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015040103.
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H.264 / AVC expansion is H.264 / SVC which is applicable in environments that demand video streaming. This paper delivers an algorithm to shorten computational complexity and extend coding efficiency by determining the mode speedily. In this writing, the authors talk a fast mode resolution algorithm with less complexity unlikely the traditional joint scalable video model (JSVM). Their algorithm end mode hunt by a probability model defined. This model is address for both intra-mode and inter-mode predictions of base layer and enhancement layers in a macro block (MB). The estimated rate distortion cost (RDC) for modes among layers is custom to determine the best mode of each MB. The experimental results show that the authors' algorithm realizes 26.9% of encoding time when compared with the JSVM reference software with smallest reduction in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).
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Jaisingpure, Archana, V. K. Chandrakar, and R. M. Mohril. "Re-dispatch and Application of FACTs for Transactions Allocation in Deregulated Electricity Markets." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 15 (February 10, 2021): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2020.15.32.
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In the current scenario, transmission cost allocation is one of the significant difficulties arises due to the expansion in power exchanges in transmission open access looked by electric energy area. The proposed method calculates transmission cost allocation by considering bilateral & multilateral transactions. The transmission cost allocation approach in the proposed method derives from equivalent bilateral which states that a small amount of every generator provides with each request in consistently and separated manner. The influence of power flow in network via all lines due to a transaction is measured by power flow solution. This paper discusses the congestion problem in the deregulated electricity market using an optimal power flow (OPF). The transmission lines are uncongested using re-dispatch method and then taxes are calculated for the establishment of the flexible A.C. transmission systems (FACTS) devices in the transmission network to reduce taxes. The excellent location of FACTS device can be identified by the bus on which highest T. The result indicates that the combination of TCSC and SVC incredibly discount the measure of re-dispatched power which provides optimal operating point nearer to the market settlement. Hence, TCSC and SVC gives convenient option to block the execution of transmission estimation utilizing approaches and calculate the transmission price.
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Abdalwahid, Kawan Fadhil, Gavin S. Chu, and William B. Nicolson. "A case report: upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy with a blocked persistent left-sided superior vena cava." European Heart Journal - Case Reports 4, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa015.
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Abstract Background Pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) can occur in up to 9% of patients having a pacemaker. Pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy can be treated by upgrade to a biventricular pacemaker with a left ventricular (LV) lead implantation. The procedure can be technically challenging in patients with persistent left-sided superior vena cava (PLSVC). Case summary We report the case of a 72-year-old gentleman with a PLSVC, who had a dual-chamber pacemaker implanted 15 years ago for complete heart block. After 12 years of good health, the gentleman developed breathlessness due to PICM. At upgrade to biventricular pacemaker, his coronary sinus was found to be occluded and a collateral branch was used to successfully position an LV lead. Marked clinical improvement was seen before representation with syncope after 2 years due to simultaneous failure of both LV and right ventricular leads. Subsequently, a right-sided de novo biventricular pacemaker was implanted. In this instance, the PLSVC was beneficial because it isolated the existing leads from the new implant, thereby reducing the risk of SVC obstruction. Discussion Although implantation of pacemaker leads through a PLSVC constitutes a challenging procedure due to manoeuvring difficulties of the pacing leads into the cardiac chambers, in this particular case, the presence of PLSVC was beneficial because it meant that no leads were present in the true SVC, reducing the risk of occlusion and avoiding the need for lead extraction.
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Knebel, Tilman, Sepp Hochreiter, and Klaus Obermayer. "An SMO Algorithm for the Potential Support Vector Machine." Neural Computation 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.20.1.271.
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We describe a fast sequential minimal optimization (SMO) procedure for solving the dual optimization problem of the recently proposed potential support vector machine (P-SVM). The new SMO consists of a sequence of iteration steps in which the Lagrangian is optimized with respect to either one (single SMO) or two (dual SMO) of the Lagrange multipliers while keeping the other variables fixed. An efficient selection procedure for Lagrange multipliers is given, and two heuristics for improving the SMO procedure are described: block optimization and annealing of the regularization parameter ε. A comparison of the variants shows that the dual SMO, including block optimization and annealing, performs efficiently in terms of computation time. In contrast to standard support vector machines (SVMs), the P-SVM is applicable to arbitrary dyadic data sets, but benchmarks are provided against libSVM's ε-SVR and C-SVC implementations for problems that are also solvable by standard SVM methods. For those problems, computation time of the P-SVM is comparable to or somewhat higher than the standard SVM. The number of support vectors found by the P-SVM is usually much smaller for the same generalization performance.
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Bagaporo Larrazabal, Jr, Ramon, Paula Victoria Catherine Cheng, Aileen David-Wang, and Daryl Requiso. "Signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma of unknown primary presenting with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome: rare type of cancer." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 12 (December 2019): e232269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-232269.
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A 53-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of progressive, non-productive cough followed by occasional swelling of the face and upper extremities. Physical examination on admission revealed prominent superficial vessels at the neck and upper extremity swelling. Bronchoscopy revealed the superior segment of the right lower lobe was narrow but without visible mass; cell block and biopsy done revealed signet-ring cell carcinoma with an immunohistochemistry pattern favouring the primary site of malignancy as either gastric or of the pancreaticobiliary tree. However, CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with triple contrast revealed only slight gastric wall thickening; the pancreas was unremarkable. The patient underwent radiotherapy with noted improvement of symptoms. He was then discharged with plans for further work-up on an outpatient basis. This work highlights the importance of a comprehensive histopathological and immunohistochemical work-up which can help predict a site of origin to be able to provide the appropriate management.
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Correa, Guilherme, Luciano Agostini, and Luis A. da Silva Cruz. "Sample-Level Filtering Order for High-Throughput and Memory-Aware H.264 Deblocking Filter." ISRN Signal Processing 2012 (May 31, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/805346.
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This paper presents a new sample-level filtering order for the Deblocking Filter process of the H.264/AVC video coding standard to be used instead of the traditional block-level order presented in previous works. This processing order allows a better exploration of the parallelism in the filtering process by reducing data dependencies in comparison to other works. The proposed sample-level order allows four parallel and independent samples filtering simultaneously, completing one complete macroblock filtering in fewer cycles and requiring less memory space than the related works. The proposed filtering order can be applied to the Deblocking Filter presented in a conventional H.264/AVC encoder or decoder and to the H.264/SVC interlayer Deblocking Filter. When compared to the original H.264/AVC filter and to the best related work found in the literature, the proposed scheme achieves a reduction of 72% and 25% in the number of clock cycles and a memory usage decrease of 75% and 43%, respectively.
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Bartalev, Sergey Aleksandrovich, and Alexander Leonidovich Zakora. "RECOGNITION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS BASED ON MEASUREMENTS OF A VEGETATION INDEX." Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 27, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/451901.
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The paper presents a method for assessing the utilization of arable land based on measurements of the NDVI vegetation index, calculated from images of a MODIS spectroradiometer from the Terra satellite. The work involves the development of a software module that performs the automatic classification of agricultural land into utilization classes.An algorithm and programmatic block are worked out for classification of degree of used of agricultural lands. Educating of classifier is conducted by means of algorithms of computer-aided instruction.
For an analysis data of measuring of vegetation index of NDVI were used for every week 2017 year, got in the system Vega the vehicle of MODIS. For testing of algorithms a selection was used from 1026 vectors of signs (agricultural lands) equipartition on different areas. Breaking up on teaching and test selections was produced with maintenance of balance between areas. A job of the program performance is a mark of class for every entrance vector, characterizing the use of agricultural lands. The use of measuring of vegetation index allowed to automatize classification of used of the fields. For the fields, vector of values of NDVI that is had admissions of measuring, the algorithm of filling of admissions is applied, that allowed to use these the vector for classification. The features of development of vegetation were taken into account depending on a geographical location. The use of algorithms of computer-aided instruction gave next results: kNN is exactness of classification of 82%; SVC is exactness of classification of 78%; Random Forest is exactness of classification of 85%; GBT is exactness of classification of 86.307%. The most high results are got with the use of algorithm of GBT - 86% of the correctly classified fields. Programmatic block realized as a module ready for integration in the system Vega.
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Yellajosula, Gayatri, Larry Cihacek, Tim Faller, and Christopher Schauer. "Soil Carbon Change Due to Land Conversion to Grassland in a Semi-Arid Environment." Soil Systems 4, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4030043.
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A 5-year study evaluated the change in the quantity of soil total C (STC), soil organic C (SOC), and soil inorganic C (SIC) stored in the surface 60 cm of the soil profile on two adjacent blocks of land with a long-term history of cropping (CH) or undisturbed grassland (NH) on similar soil types between 1999 and 2004. The NH area was tilled and a grass-legume species mix was seeded into plots on both the NH and the CH areas. Selected plots of restored grass were established so they could be grazed (GG) by livestock while other plots were left ungrazed (UG). Original undisturbed (and ungrazed) grassland plots within the NH area were used as a control treatment. Initially, STC and SOC in CH were lower than NH when compared under the semi-arid environmental conditions found in southwestern North Dakota. Over the study period, the undisturbed grass control plots had increases in STC and SOC levels in the soil profile of 3.90 kg·m−2 and 3.34 kg·m−2, respectively. Restored grass on the NH area with grazing showed increases in STC and SOC values of 2.11 and 1.26 kg·m−2, respectively, while without grazing, profile STC and SOC had values of 3.80 and 3.28 kg·m−2, respectively. Restored grass on the CH area showed increases in profile STC and SOC values of 0.55 and 1.96 kg·m−2, respectively, for the grazed plots and 0.78 and 2.11 kg·m−2, respectively, when left ungrazed. Soil inorganic C, though present in the soils, did not significantly change during the study. The lower C accumulation in the CH plots may be due to a lag time in the establishment of mycorrhizal associations with the seeded species, the inoculums of which were already present in the NH soils. Changes in STC were likely due to changes in water relationships in the soil profile where management changes affected water infiltration and its movement causing leaching of SIC below the 60 cm depth evaluated. Soils under undisturbed grassland continue to accumulate carbon while soils of the disturbed grassland or cropped prior to re-establishing grass showed losses that occurred due to either accumulating C at a lower rate or perhaps to C loss during the initial establishment period (1–2 years).
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Setiawan, Erwin, Trio Adiono, and Syifaul Fuada. "Modelling the OFDM-based PHY Layer in SoC for Visible Light Communication." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 7, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v7i3.10695.
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In this paper, we report a System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture for OFDM-based Visible Light Communication (VLC). The OFDM block was implemented as VLC PHY layer. The OFDM block comprises of transmitter and receiver. In transmitter block, there are Reed-Solomon encoder, modulator, IFFT, and preamble generator. While in receiver block, there are Reed-Solomon decoder, demodulator, FFT, and synchronizer. In SoC, these blocks are designed as IP cores. The industry standard AXI4-Stream protocol was used for data exchange between IP cores. The OFDM model in SoC was verified by comparing with a MATLAB simulation.
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Ishigaki, H., R. Nagata, M. Iwasa, N. Tamari, and I. Kondo. "Tribological Properties of SiC Whisker Containing Silicon Nitride Composite." Journal of Tribology 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261647.
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The friction and wear characteristics of SiC whisker containing composite silicon nitride were studied. Silicon nitride powder which contains densification aids of Y2O3 and La2O3 was mixed with silicon carbide whiskers (10, 20, and 30 wt percent) and then hot-pressed at a temperature of 1800° C. Wear experiments were carried out with a ring on block type apparatus at the sliding conditions of the sliding speed of 314 mm/sec and the load of 5 N and experimental results showed that the SiC whisker had an evident effect to reduce the wear rate of silicon nitride blocks. Silicon carbide whiskers are not dispersed isotropically, but they are oriented to the direction which is perpendicular to the pressure of hot-press sintering. Therefore, wear characteristics of the composite ceramics are anisotropic. The effect of SiC whisker on wear rate of silicon nitride is larger for the surface which is perpendicular to the direction of pressure of hot-press sintering that than that for the surface which is parallel to the pressure. Although SiC whiskers have no evident effect on friction coefficient of silicon nitride at the above sliding condition, even small contents of SiC whiskers, such as 10 wt percent, reduce considerably the coefficient of friction and show similar frictional characteristics to that of monolithic silicon carbide at the lower sliding speed of 10 mm/min.
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Šmigovec Ljubič, Tina, David Pahovnik, Majda Žigon, and Ema Žagar. "Separation of Poly(styrene-block-t-butyl methacrylate) Copolymers by Various Liquid Chromatography Techniques." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/932609.
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The separation of a mixture of three poly(styrene-block-t-butyl methacrylate) copolymers (PS-b-PtBMA), consisting of polystyrene (PS) blocks of similar length andt-butyl methacrylate (PtBMA) blocks of different lengths, was performed using various chromatographic techniques, that is, a gradient liquid chromatography on reversed-phase (C18 and C8) and normal-phase columns, a liquid chromatography under critical conditions for polystyrene as well as a fully automated two-dimensional liquid chromatography that separates block copolymers by chemical composition in the first dimension and by molar mass in the second dimension. The results show that a partial separation of the mixture of PS-b-PtBMA copolymers can be achieved only by gradient liquid chromatography on reversed-phase columns. The coelution of the two block copolymers is ascribed to a much shorter PtBMA block length, compared to the PS block, as well as a small difference in the length of the PtBMA block in two of these copolymers, which was confirmed by SEC-MALS and NMR spectroscopy.
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Zhao, Shu-Huan, and Zheng-Ping Hu. "Occluded Face Recognition Based on Block-Label and Residual." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 25, no. 03 (June 2016): 1650019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213016500196.
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We consider the problem of automatically human face recognition from frontal views with occlusion and disguise. Since the occlusion can make the query image deviated from the normal distribution, most prior block-based methods focus on reducing the occlusion influence on the global-based representation. Our method is also block-based, but the blocks are non-uniform. Each block contains a certain face component such as eyes, cheek, and forehead, which makes the block more physically meaningful. Recently, sparse representation-based classification (SRC) and Collaborative representation-based classification (CRC) are applied to image recognition successfully, so we classify each block by SRC or CRC respectively. Then the occlusion pixels can be estimated by residuals. Besides, based on the distribution of block labels and the corresponding residual, we propose a new rule for the selection of block and the coefficients for the reconstruction. The final identification is performed on the un-occluded part of each image. Experiments on the AR, extended Yale B and CMU-PIE database verify the robustness and effectiveness of our method.
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Pezier, A., Y. V. Bobkov, and B. W. Ache. "The Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Inhibitor, KB-R7943, Blocks a Nonselective Cation Channel Implicated in Chemosensory Transduction." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 3 (March 2009): 1151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90903.2008.
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The mechanism(s) of olfactory transduction in invertebrates remains to be fully understood. In lobster olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), a nonselective sodium-gated cation (SGC) channel, a presumptive transient receptor potential (TRP)C channel homolog, plays a crucial role in olfactory transduction, at least in part by amplifying the primary transduction current. To better determine the functional role of the channel, it is important to selectively block the channel independently of other elements of the transduction cascade, causing us to search for specific pharmacological blockers of the SGC channel. Given evidence that the Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor, KB-R7943, blocks mammalian TRPC channels, we studied this probe as a potential blocker of the lobster SGC channel. KB-R7943 reversibly blocked the SGC current in both inside- and outside-out patch recordings in a dose- and voltage-dependent manner. KB-R7943 decreased the channel open probability without changing single channel amplitude. KB-R7943 also reversibly and in a dose-dependent manner inhibited both the odorant-evoked discharge of lobster ORNs and the odorant-evoked whole cell current. Our findings strongly imply that KB-R7943 potently blocks the lobster SGC channel and likely does so directly and not through its ability to block the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.
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Nori, M., U. S. Vogel, J. B. Gibbs, and M. J. Weber. "Inhibition of v-src-induced transformation by a GTPase-activating protein." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 5 (May 1991): 2812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.5.2812.
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Previous work has shown that microinjection into cells of antibodies against p21ras blocks transformation by src, suggesting that oncogenic transformation by pp60v-src is dependent on p21ras. The activity of p21ras itself is regulated by its cyclic association with GDP-GTP, where p21ras-GTP is the active form and p21ras-GDP is the inactive form. A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) mediates the inactivation of p21ras by facilitating the conversion of the active p21ras-GTP to the inactive p21ras-GDP. This predicts that overexpression of GAP would inactivate p21ras and block transformation of cells by src. In this paper, we confirm this prediction. We report that overexpression of GAP in NIH 3T3 cells blocks transformation by pp60v-src but not by v-ras. Susceptibility to transformation by v-src is restored when GAP expression is lowered to levels comparable to that in control cells. These results support the suggestion that p21ras plays a central role in the signalling pathway used by pp60v-src.
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Nori, M., U. S. Vogel, J. B. Gibbs, and M. J. Weber. "Inhibition of v-src-induced transformation by a GTPase-activating protein." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 5 (May 1991): 2812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.5.2812-2818.1991.
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Previous work has shown that microinjection into cells of antibodies against p21ras blocks transformation by src, suggesting that oncogenic transformation by pp60v-src is dependent on p21ras. The activity of p21ras itself is regulated by its cyclic association with GDP-GTP, where p21ras-GTP is the active form and p21ras-GDP is the inactive form. A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) mediates the inactivation of p21ras by facilitating the conversion of the active p21ras-GTP to the inactive p21ras-GDP. This predicts that overexpression of GAP would inactivate p21ras and block transformation of cells by src. In this paper, we confirm this prediction. We report that overexpression of GAP in NIH 3T3 cells blocks transformation by pp60v-src but not by v-ras. Susceptibility to transformation by v-src is restored when GAP expression is lowered to levels comparable to that in control cells. These results support the suggestion that p21ras plays a central role in the signalling pathway used by pp60v-src.
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Al-kahtani, Mohammed S., Lilatul Ferdouse, and Lutful Karim. "Energy Efficient Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Based Cellular Device-to-Device Communication for 5G Networks." Electronics 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020237.
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This paper examines the resource block and power allocation in the power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) based cellular device-to-device (D2D) systems. To improve the energy efficiency of the D2D systems and to manage the mutual interference level as well as the quality of service (QoS) requirement of cellular users, different power level is applied to the D2D users sharing the same resource blocks (RBs) to the legacy users. It is essential to design an efficient resource block and power allocation method for PD-NOMA based cellular D2D systems which guarantee the successive interference cancellation (SIC) order in the power allocation solution. In this paper, we propose an iterative algorithm of resource block and power allocation for cellular D2D system which incorporates the SIC aware geometric water filling (GWF) method in the power allocation solution. It is shown that the proposed SIC aware geometric water filling achieves higher energy efficiency compared to iterative water-filling (IWF) power allocation and the GWF based orthogonal multiple access (OMA) method.
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Desnos, Gregoire, Adrien Rubio, Chaimaa Gomri, Mathias Gravelle, Vincent Ladmiral, and Mona Semsarilar. "Semi-Fluorinated Di and Triblock Copolymer Nano-Objects Prepared via RAFT Alcoholic Dispersion Polymerization (PISA)." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 2502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152502.
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A set of well-defined amphiphilic, semi-fluorinated di and triblock copolymers were synthesized via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) under alcoholic dispersion polymerization conditions. This study investigates the influence of the length, nature and position of the solvophobic semi-fluorinated block. A poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) was used as the stabilizing block to prepare the di and tri block copolymer nano-objects via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) controlled dispersion polymerization at 70 °C in ethanol. Benzylmethacrylate (BzMA) and semi-fluorinated methacrylates and acrylates with 7 (heptafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA)), 13 (heneicosafluorododecyl methacrylate (HCFDDMA)) and 21 (tridecafluorooctyl acrylate (TDFOA)) fluorine atoms were used as monomers for the core-forming blocks. The RAFT polymerization of these semi-fluorinated monomers was monitored by SEC and 1H NMR. The evolution of the self-assembled morphologies was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrate that the order of the blocks and the number of fluorine atoms influence the microphase segregation of the core-forming blocks and the final morphology of the nano-objects.
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Schuijt, Martin P., Munesh Basdew, Richard van Veghel, Pramod R. Saxena, Regien G. Schoemaker, and Alexander HJ Danser. "At 2 Receptor-Mediated Vasodilation in the Heart: Effect of Myocardial Infarction." Hypertension 36, suppl_1 (October 2000): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.36.suppl_1.704-c.
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P64 To investigate the functional consequences of the changes in AT 2 receptor density that have been reported following myocardial infarction (MI; Matsubara, Circ Res, 1998), three consecutive 10 min intravenous infusions of angiotensin (Ang) II (100, 300 and 1000 ng/kg/min) were given to 19 sham-operated and 16 coronary artery-ligated rats, at four weeks after surgery, pretreated with either saline, the AT 1 receptor antagonist irbesartan (100 μg/kg/min for 30 min), or the AT 2 receptor antagonist PD123319 (20 μg/kg/min for 30 min, followed by continuous infusion). Systemic and regional hemodynamic effects were studied using the radioactive microsphere method. Ang II induced comparable changes in sham and MI rats in mean arterial pressure (MAP; maximally +30±10% and +30±8%, resp., mean±SEM) and systemic vascular conductance (cardiac output/MAP, -27±8% and -32±5%, resp.). Cardiac output decreased in MI (-20±5%) but not in sham rats. Irbesartan decreased MAP by 34% (sham) and 22% (MI), increased SVC by 41% (sham) and 24% (MI), and blocked the Ang II-mediated systemic hemodynamic effects in both sham and MI rats, while PD123319 did not affect these parameters. Myocardial conductance at baseline was diminished in MI vs. sham rats (41±3 vs. 55±6 μl/min/mmHg, resp.), while renal conductance was comparable in both groups (168±9 vs. 156±18 μl/min/mmHg, resp.). Ang II increased myocardial conductance maximally to 56±3 (MI) and 72±3 (sham) μl/min/mmHg, and decreased renal conductance to 67±4 (MI) and 74±8 (sham) μl/min/mmHg. Irbesartan increased renal, but not myocardial, conductance in both groups and blocked the Ang II-mediated renal vasoconstriction. PD123319 did not affect renal or myocardial conductance and blocked the Ang II-mediated myocardial vasodilation in sham but not in MI rats. PD123319 did not affect the Ang II-mediated renal responses. In conclusion, Ang II increases myocardial, but not renal, conductance (i.e., induces vasodilation) via AT 2 receptor stimulation. The inability of PD123319 to block this response in MI rats suggests either an upregulation of AT 2 receptors or a role for non-AT 1 , non-AT 2 receptors in the infarcted heart.
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Schlaepfer, David D., K. C. Jones, and Tony Hunter. "Multiple Grb2-Mediated Integrin-Stimulated Signaling Pathways to ERK2/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: Summation of Both c-Src- and Focal Adhesion Kinase-Initiated Tyrosine Phosphorylation Events." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 2571–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.5.2571.
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ABSTRACT Fibronectin receptor integrin-mediated cell adhesion triggers intracellular signaling events such as the activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. In this study, we show that the nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) c-Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) can be independently activated after fibronectin (FN) stimulation and that their combined activity promotes signaling to extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)/MAP kinase through multiple pathways upstream of Ras. FN stimulation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts promotes c-Src and FAK association in the Triton-insoluble cell fraction, and the time course of FN-stimulated ERK2 activation paralleled that of Grb2 binding to FAK at Tyr-925 and Grb2 binding to Shc. Cytochalasin D treatment of fibroblasts inhibited FN-induced FAK in vitro kinase activity and signaling to ERK2, but it only partially inhibited c-Src activation. Treatment of fibroblasts with protein kinase C inhibitors or with the PTK inhibitor herbimycin A or PP1 resulted in reduced Src PTK activity, no Grb2 binding to FAK, and lowered levels of ERK2 activation. FN-stimulated FAK PTK activity was not significantly affected by herbimycin A treatment and, under these conditions, FAK autophosphorylation promoted Shc binding to FAK. In vitro, FAK directly phosphorylated Shc Tyr-317 to promote Grb2 binding, and in vivo Grb2 binding to Shc was observed in herbimycin A-treated fibroblasts after FN stimulation. Interestingly, c-Src in vitro phosphorylation of Shc promoted Grb2 binding to both wild-type and Phe-317 Shc. In vivo, Phe-317 Shc was tyrosine phosphorylated after FN stimulation of human 293T cells and its expression did not inhibit signaling to ERK2. Surprisingly, expression of Phe-925 FAK with Phe-317 Shc also did not block signaling to ERK2, whereas FN-stimulated signaling to ERK2 was inhibited by coexpression of an SH3 domain-inactivated mutant of Grb2. Our studies show that FN receptor integrin signaling upstream of Ras and ERK2 does not follow a linear pathway but that, instead, multiple Grb2-mediated interactions with Shc, FAK, and perhaps other yet-to-be-determined phosphorylated targets represent parallel signaling pathways that cooperate to promote maximal ERK2 activation.
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Yasmin, Shamoli, Wasim Selimul Haque, Sk Md Jaynul Islam, Mostare Khondoker, and Susane Giti. "Role of immunohistochemistry in cell block sections for categorization of non-small cell carcinoma of lung." BIRDEM Medical Journal 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2019): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v9i3.43088.
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Background: Computed tomography (CT) guided fine needle aspiration and cytology (FNAC) is a useful modality which aids in early and fairly accurate diagnosis of mass lesions of lungs specially the malignant ones. Previously in patients with primary lung cancer the most important consideration was to discriminate between small cell and non-small cell carcinoma (NSCC) of the lung. With advancement of cancer therapy, sub-typing of NSCC has become very important. The aims of the study were to evaluate the pathological spectrum of the pulmonary diseases in CT guided FNAC of lung mass lesions and utility of limited immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cell block sections to subcategorize NSCC.
Methods: The study was carried out at Department of Histopathology in Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. It involved total 140 patients who underwent CT guided FNAC in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka for lung mass lesions. Aspiration was done by pathologist and obtained material was used to make slide smears and cell blocks. Both FNAC smears and cell block sections were examined by histopathologists. The entities diagnosed as NSCC and poorly differentiated carcinomas in FNAC were treated with limited IHC panel in cell block sections.
Results: Out of 140 cases 110 were male and 30 were female patients. Age range was from 18 to 85 years, (mean age 60±13.5). Total 83(59%) malignant neoplasms and 57(41%) benign lesions were diagnosed. Among the benign lesions, 28 were diagnosed as granulomatous lesion suggestive of tuberculosis and rests were nonspecific inflammatory lesion. In FNAC smear, small cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 16.9% (14/83) of all malignant lesions, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 26.5% (22/83) patients and adenocarcinoma in 22.9% (19/83) patients. Twenty-five patients were categorized as NSCC as they could not be further subcategorized in FNAC as SCC/adenocarcinoma. Three patients were categorized as poorly differentiated carcinoma as their cytological features could not rule in/out small cell carcinoma. NSCC and poorly differentiated carcinoma diagnosed by FNAC were33.7% (28/83). Cell blocks of all of them were examined, three of NSCC cell blocks were found inadequate for evaluation. All of the rest cases underwent limited IHC panel in cell block sections and were further subcategorized; 13 as SCC and 12 as adenocarcinoma. Total cases of SCC diagnosed in the study after IHC on cell block sections were 35/83(42%) followed by adenocarcinoma 31/83, (33.35%).
Conclusion: CT guided FNAC is an effective tool and can be used for fairly accurate and early diagnosis of lung mass lesions. Immunohistochemistry on cell block sections can be used as an effective tool for categorization of NSCC.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 223-228
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Dai, Feng Ze, Xiao Jing Xu, J. Z. Lu, Y. K. Zhang, and Lan Cai. "Friction Behaviors of SiC Particle-Reinforced Cu Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.492.
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SiC particle reinforced Cu composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy and hot extrusion process. The friction behaviour of pure Cu, braze and composites was studied on a block-on-ring test. The blocks were slid against 40Cr steel rings under the lubrication of 232# machinery oil. It shows that the wear rate of pure Cu is about then times of the 5 vol.% Cu composite at a normal load of 300 N. The satisfied wear resistance prove the SiC is a promising reinforcement material for Cu matrix composite. However, the 20 vol.% SiC did not exhibit prospected wear resistance. The discussion of this phenomenon was conducted.
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Hasler, Jennifer, Aishwarya Natarajan, and Sihwan Kim. "Enabling Energy-Efficient Physical Computing through Analog Abstraction and IP Reuse." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 8, no. 4 (November 24, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea8040047.
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This paper shows the first step in analog (and mixed signal) abstraction utilized in large-scale Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA), encoded in the open-source SciLab/Xcos based toolset. Having any opportunity of a wide-scale utilization of ultra-low power technology both requires programmability/reconfigurability as well as abstractable tools. Abstraction is essential both make systems rapidly, as well as reduce the barrier for a number of users to use ultra-low power physical computing techniques. Analog devices, circuits, and systems are abstractable and retain their energy efficient opportunities compared with custom digital hardware. We will present the analog (and mixed signal) abstraction developed for the open-source toolkit used for the SoC FPAAs. Abstraction of Blocks in the FPAA block library makes the SoC FPAA ecosystem accessible to system-level designers while still enabling circuit designers the freedom to build at a low level. Multiple working test cases of various levels of complexity illustrate the analog abstraction capability. The FPAA block library provides a starting point for discussing the fundamental block concepts of analog computational approaches.
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Takenaka, Mikihito, Shotaro Nishitsuji, Naoya Amino, Yasuhiro Ishikawa, Daisuke Yamaguchi, and Satoshi Koizumi. "STRUCTURE ANALYSES OF SWOLLEN RUBBER–CARBON BLACK SYSTEMS BY USING CONTRAST VARIATION SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 85, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.12.89960.
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Abstract In a previous study [Takenaka et al., Macromolecules 42, 308 (2009)], we have investigated the polymer layers absorbed on silica (Si) particles in rubber–Si systems with the contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) method. We have investigated the polymer layers absorbed on carbon black (CB) particles in rubber–CB systems with contrast variation SANS method. The scattering intensities of specimens swollen by the solvents having various scattering length densities were measured. The contrast variation SANS for the specimens yielded partial scattering functions: the scattering function for polymer–polymer correlation SPP(q), the scattering function for CB–CB correlation SCC(q), and the scattering function for polymer–CB correlation SPC(q). The analyses of SCC(q) explored the structures of the aggregates formed by CB particles. The analyses of SPC(q) and SCC(q) clarified the existence of dense polymer layers around CB aggregates. Several characteristic parameters are estimated from the analyses, such as the size of aggregates, the thickness of layers, and the volume fractions of polymer layers and matrix. We found that the adsorption layer around CB aggregates is thicker than that around Si aggregates in rubber–Si systems.
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Gabitov, Ella, David Manor, and Avi Karni. "Patterns of Modulation in the Activity and Connectivity of Motor Cortex during the Repeated Generation of Movement Sequences." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 4 (April 2015): 736–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00751.
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It is not clear how the engagement of motor mnemonic processes is expressed in online brain activity. We scanned participants, using fMRI, during the paced performance of a finger-to-thumb opposition sequence (FOS), intensively trained a day earlier (T-FOS), and a similarly constructed, but novel, untrained FOS (U-FOS). Both movement sequences were performed in pairs of blocks separated by a brief rest interval (30 sec). We have recently shown that in the primary motor cortex (M1) motor memory was not expressed in the average signal intensity but rather in the across-block signal modulations, that is, when comparing the first to the second performance block across the brief rest interval. Here, using an M1 seed, we show that for the T-FOS, the M1–striatum functional connectivity decreased across blocks; however, for the U-FOS, connectivity within the M1 and between M1 and striatum increased. In addition, in M1, the pattern of within-block signal change, but not signal variability per se, reliably differentiated the two sequences. Only for the U-FOS and only within the first blocks in each pair, the signal significantly decreased. No such modulation was found within the second corresponding blocks following the brief rest interval in either FOS. We propose that a network including M1 and striatum underlies online motor working memory. This network may promote a transient integrated representation of a new movement sequence and readily retrieves a previously established movement sequence representation. Averaging over single events or blocks may not capture the dynamics of motor representations that occur over multiple timescales.
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Swenson, Jeffrey D., Jacob E. Pollard, Christopher L. Peters, Mike B. Anderson, and Nathan L. Pace. "Randomized controlled trial of a simplified adductor canal block performed for analgesia following total knee arthroplasty." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 44, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2018-100070.
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Background and objectivesThe objective of the study was to determine if injection of local anesthetic into the vastus medialis and sartorius muscles adjacent to the adductor canal produces sensory changes comparable with adductor canal block (ACB). This could result in a technically easier and potentially safer alternative to ACB.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, patients received either ACB (n=20) or a simplified adductor canal (SAC) block performed using a new fenestrated nerve block needle (n=20). The time to perform each block as well as the number of attempts to position the needle were evaluated. A non-inferiority test was used to compare pain scores and opioid requirements for the ACB and the SAC block.ResultsThe SAC block was performed more rapidly, with fewer needle passes, and had a higher success rate than the ACB. Three block failures and two vessel punctures were observed in the ACB group, while none of these events occurred in SAC block patients. Analgesia and opioid consumption for patients treated with the SAC block were not inferior to ACB.ConclusionThe SAC block is technically easier to perform and potentially safer than ACB. This procedure can be performed using easily visible ultrasound landmarks and has the potential for use among a wide range of healthcare providers.Trial registration numberNCT02786888.
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YANG, WOOSEUNG, and CHONG-MIN KYUNG. "CONSCEP: A CONFIGURABLE SoC EMULATION PLATFORM FOR C-BASED FAST PROTOTYPING." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 14, no. 01 (February 2005): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126605002210.
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FPGA-based emulation, which is now widely used in the design and verification of System-on-a-Chip (SoC), is applicable only when the RTL design for the whole system is available, thus resulting in a long design turn-around time. In this paper, we present a new design flow based on a C-to-hardware IMPLEmentation tool (CIMPLE) and a CONfigurable SoC Emulation Platform (CONSCEP) that emulates the on-chip bus system prior to the RTL design of each SoC component. With the emulation environment set up in the early stage of the design process, the design and verification task of each functional block in the SoC can be performed not only faster, but also more complete as a more complete set of test vectors can be applied before the integration. CONSCEP consists of (1) configurable bus components for the given on-chip bus standard and (2) a set of transactors to link the HDL models of the pre-verified IP blocks with the C models for the behavioral blocks to be designed, or software blocks. CIMPLE translates the C model for a hardware module to a SystemC code, which can be synthesized and directly attached to the CONSCEP as an IP. CIMPLE allows global variables, nested function calls, and simple pointer access, which significantly reduces the code migration. The proposed design flow is demonstrated using a JPEG encoder/decoder system and successfully applied to a commercial MPEG4 video codec chip.
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Pang, LieLin, KokSheik Wong, Yiqi Tew, and Susanto Rahardja. "Data Embedding in SHVC Video Using Threshold-Controlled Block Splitting." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 4850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114850.
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With the increasing number of video applications, it is essential to resolve issues such as ineffective search of video content, tampered/forged video content, packet loss, to name a few. Data embedding is typically utilized as one of the solutions to address the aforementioned issues. One of the important requirements of data embedding is to maximize embedding capacity with minimal bit rate overhead while ensuring imperceptibility of the inserted data. However, embedding capacity varies depending on the video content and increasing the embedding capacity usually leads to video quality degradation. In this work, a threshold-controlled block splitting technique is proposed for embedding data into SHVC video. Specifically, the embedding capacity can be increased by coding the host video by using more small blocks, which can be achieved by tuning a threshold-controlled parameter in the rate distortion optimization process. Subsequently, the predictive syntax elements in both intra and inter-coded blocks are jointly utilized to embed data, which ensures that data can be embedded regardless of the prediction mode used in coding a block. Results suggest that the proposed method can achieve a trade-off between the increase in embedding capacity and bit rate overhead while maintaining video quality. In the best case scenario, the sequence PartyScene can embed 516.9 kbps with an average bit rate overhead of +7.0% for the Low Delay P configuration, while the same video can embed 1578.6 kbps with an average bit rate overhead of +2.9% for the All Intra configuration.
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Chen, Xi Lai, Ya Wei Li, Yuan Bing Li, Shao Bai Sang, and Lei Zhao. "Effect of Reactive-Al2O3 Addition on the Pore Size Distribution and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Blocks for Blast Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.453.
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The effect of reactive-Al2O3 addition on the pore size distribution and thermal conductivity of carbon blocks for blast furnace was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray, mercury porosimetry, and a laser thermal conductivity meter. The results showed that the pore size distribution and the thermal conductivity of carbon block were mainly influenced by SiC whiskers and reactive-Al2O3. With increasing addition of reactive-Al2O3, the mean pore diameter reduced and < 1μm pore volume increased of open pores owing to the more efficient filling of pores by SiC and reactive-Al2O3, and the thermal conductivities of samples increased due to the facts that the higher thermal conductivity of reactive-Al2O3 than that of brown corundum and the more formation amount of high thermal conductivity of SiC.
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Manes, Gaël, Paul Bello, and Serge Roche. "Slap Negatively Regulates Src Mitogenic Function but Does Not Revert Src-Induced Cell Morphology Changes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 3396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.10.3396-3406.2000.
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ABSTRACT Src-like adapter protein (Slap) is a recently identified protein that negatively regulates mitogenesis in murine fibroblasts (S. Roche, G. Alonso, A. Kazlausakas, V. M. Dixit, S. A. Courtneidge, and A. Pandey, Curr. Biol. 8:975–978, 1998) and comprises an SH3 and SH2 domain with striking identity to the corresponding Src domains. In light of this, we sought to investigate whether Slap could be an antagonist of all Src functions. Like Src, Slap was found to be myristylated in vivo and largely colocalized with Src when coexpressed in Cos7 cells. Microinjection of a Slap-expressing construct into quiescent NIH 3T3 cells inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced DNA synthesis, and the inhibition was rescued by the transcription factor c-Myc but not by c-Jun/c-Fos expression. Fyn (or Src) overexpression overrides the G1/S block induced by both SrcK− and a Slap mutant with a deletion of its C terminus (SlapΔC), but not the block induced by Slap or SlapΔSH3, implying that the C terminus is a noncompetitive inhibitor of Src mitogenic function. Furthermore, a chimeric adapter comprising SrcΔK fused to the Slap C terminus (Src/SlapC) also inhibited Src function during the PDGF response in a noncompetitive manner, as Src coexpression could not rescue PDGF signaling. Slap, however, did not reverse deregulated Src-induced cell transformation, as it was unable to inhibit depolymerization of actin stress fibers while still being able to inhibit SrcY527F-induced DNA synthesis. This was attributed to a distinct Slap SH3 binding specificity, since the chimeric Slap/SrcSH3 molecule, in which the Slap SH3 was replaced by the Src SH3 sequence, substantially restored stress fiber formation. Indeed, three amino acids important for ligand binding in Src SH3 were replaced in the Slap SH3 sequence; Slap SH3 did not bind to the Src SH3 partners p85α, Shc, and Sam68 in vitro, and the chimeric tyrosine kinase Slap/SrcK, composed of SlapΔC fused to the SH2 linker kinase sequence of Src, was not regulated in vivo. Furthermore, the Src SH3 domain is required for signaling during mitogenesis and since Slap/SrcK behaved as a dominant negative in the PDGF mitogenic response when microinjected into quiescent fibroblasts. We conclude that Slap is a negative regulator of Src during mitogenesis involving both the SH2 and the C terminus domains in a noncompetitive manner, but it does not regulate all Src function due to specific SH3 binding substrates.
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Liu, L., J. E. Damen, R. L. Cutler, and G. Krystal. "Multiple cytokines stimulate the binding of a common 145-kilodalton protein to Shc at the Grb2 recognition site of Shc." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 10 (October 1994): 6926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.10.6926.
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We recently reported that interleukin-3, Steel factor, and erythropoietin all induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and its association with Grb2 in hemopoietic cell lines. We have now further characterized the proteins that become associated with Shc following stimulation with these cytokines and found that, in response to all three, the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of Shc binds to common 145- and 52-kDa proteins which also become tyrosine phosphorylated in response to these growth factors. The 145-kDa protein, which appears, from antiphosphotyrosine blots of two-dimensional O'Farrell gels, to exist in four different phosphorylation states following cytokine stimulation (with isoelectric points ranging from 7.2 to 7.8), does not appear to be immunologically related to the beta subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor, c-Kit, BCR, ABL, JAK1, JAK2, Sos1, eps15, or insulin receptor substrate 1 protein. Silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate gels indicate that the association of the 145-kDa protein with Shc occurs only after cytokine stimulation and that it can bind to the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of Shc in its non-tyrosine-phosphorylated state. The latter finding, in conjunction with the observations that p145 does not bind, in vitro, to the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of Shc, that it is not present in anti-Grb2 immunoprecipitates, and that a phosphopeptide which blocks the binding of Shc to the SH2 domain of Grb2 also blocks the binding of Shc to p145, suggests that p145 contains an SH2 domain and competes with Grb2 for the same tyrosine-phosphorylated site on Shc. This implicates p145 as a potential regulator of Ras activity and, perhaps, of other as yet unidentified functions of Shc.
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Liu, L., J. E. Damen, R. L. Cutler, and G. Krystal. "Multiple cytokines stimulate the binding of a common 145-kilodalton protein to Shc at the Grb2 recognition site of Shc." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 10 (October 1994): 6926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.10.6926-6935.1994.
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We recently reported that interleukin-3, Steel factor, and erythropoietin all induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and its association with Grb2 in hemopoietic cell lines. We have now further characterized the proteins that become associated with Shc following stimulation with these cytokines and found that, in response to all three, the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of Shc binds to common 145- and 52-kDa proteins which also become tyrosine phosphorylated in response to these growth factors. The 145-kDa protein, which appears, from antiphosphotyrosine blots of two-dimensional O'Farrell gels, to exist in four different phosphorylation states following cytokine stimulation (with isoelectric points ranging from 7.2 to 7.8), does not appear to be immunologically related to the beta subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor, c-Kit, BCR, ABL, JAK1, JAK2, Sos1, eps15, or insulin receptor substrate 1 protein. Silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate gels indicate that the association of the 145-kDa protein with Shc occurs only after cytokine stimulation and that it can bind to the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of Shc in its non-tyrosine-phosphorylated state. The latter finding, in conjunction with the observations that p145 does not bind, in vitro, to the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of Shc, that it is not present in anti-Grb2 immunoprecipitates, and that a phosphopeptide which blocks the binding of Shc to the SH2 domain of Grb2 also blocks the binding of Shc to p145, suggests that p145 contains an SH2 domain and competes with Grb2 for the same tyrosine-phosphorylated site on Shc. This implicates p145 as a potential regulator of Ras activity and, perhaps, of other as yet unidentified functions of Shc.
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Li, Chao, Ray-Chang Wu, Larbi Amazit, Sophia Y. Tsai, Ming-Jer Tsai, and Bert W. O'Malley. "Specific Amino Acid Residues in the Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Domain of SRC-3 Are Essential for Its Nuclear Localization and Proteasome-Dependent Turnover." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 4 (December 11, 2006): 1296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00336-06.
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ABSTRACT SRC-3/AIB1/ACTR/pCIP/RAC3/TRAM-1 is a primary transcriptional coactivator for the estrogen receptor. Here we report that deletion of the SRC-3 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain blocks its proteasome-dependent turnover. We further identified two residues (K17 and R18) in the SRC-3 bHLH domain that are essential for its stability. Moreover, we found that the bHLH domain contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS). SRC-3 NLS mutants block its translocation into the nucleus, and this correlates with its insensitivity to proteasome-dependent turnover. SRC-3 shows a time-dependent decay in the presence of cycloheximide which is not apparent for the cytoplasmic mutant. Fusion of a simian virus 40 T antigen NLS to the cytoplasmic localized SRC-3 mutant drives it back into the nucleus and restores its proteasomal sensitivity. In addition, the cytoplasmic mutants are inactive for transcriptional coactivation and cancer cell growth. Taken together, our data indicate that proteasome-dependent turnover of SRC-3 occurs in the nucleus and that two amino acid residues in the bHLH domain provide a signal for its nuclear localization and proteasome-dependent degradation as well as for regulation of SRC-3 transcriptional coactivator capacity.
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Cortez, D., L. Kadlec, and A. M. Pendergast. "Structural and signaling requirements for BCR-ABL-mediated transformation and inhibition of apoptosis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 10 (October 1995): 5531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.10.5531.
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BCR-ABL is a deregulated tyrosine kinase expressed in Philadelphia chromosome-positive human leukemias. Prolongation of hematopoietic cell survival by inhibition of apoptosis has been proposed to be an integral component of BCR-ABL-induced chronic myelogenous leukemia. BCR-ABL elicits transformation of both fibroblast and hematopoietic cells and blocks apoptosis following cytokine deprivation in various factor-dependent cells. To elucidate the mechanisms whereby BCR-ABL induces transformation and blocks apoptosis in hematopoietic cells, we examined the biological effects of expression of a series of BCR-ABL mutants. Single amino acid substitutions in the GRB2 binding site (Y177F), Src homology 2 domain (R552L), or an autophosphorylation site in the tyrosine kinase domain (Y793F) do not diminish the antiapoptotic and transforming properties of BCR-ABL in hematopoietic cells, although these mutations were previously shown to drastically reduce the transforming activity of BCR-ABL in fibroblasts. A BCR-ABL molecule containing all three mutations (Y177F/R552L/Y793F) exhibits a severe decrease in transforming and antiapoptotic activities compared with the wild-type BCR-ABL protein in 32D myeloid progenitor cells. Ras is activated, the SHC adapter protein is tyrosine phosphorylated and binds GRB2, and myc mRNA levels are increased following expression of all kinase active BCR-ABL proteins with the exception of the Y177F/R552L/Y793F BCR-ABL mutant in 32D cells. We propose that BCR-ABL uses multiple pathways to activate Ras in hematopoietic cells and that this activation is necessary for the transforming and antiapoptotic activities of BCR-ABL. However, Ras activation is not sufficient for BCR-ABL-mediated transformation. A BCR-ABL deletion mutant (delta 176-427) that activates Ras and blocks apoptosis but has severely impaired transforming ability in 32D cells has been identified. These data suggest that BCR-ABL requires additional signaling components to elicit tumorigenic growth which are distinct from those required to block apoptosis.
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Tuyakov, Bulat, Mateusz Kruszewski, Lidia Glinka, Oksana Klonowska, Michal Borys, Pawel Piwowarczyk, and Dariusz Onichimowski. "Incidence of Suture-Method Catheter Dislocation with Femoral Nerve Block and Femoral Triangle Block after Total Knee Arthroplasty." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 6687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136687.
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Catheter dislocation with continuous peripheral nerve blocks represents a major problem in clinical settings. There is a range of factors affecting the incidence of catheter dislocation, including catheter type. This study aimed to assess the incidence of suture-method catheter (SMC) dislocation 24 h after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) and continuous femoral triangle block (CFTB), respectively. In the prospective randomized trial, 40 patients qualified for TKA with SMC and were divided into two groups, those who received CFNB (Group 1, n = 20) and those who received CFTB (Group 2, n = 20). After 24 h, the degree of catheter displacement (cm), pain intensity (NRS) and opioid consumption (mg) was assessed. The catheter dislocation rates were found to be 15% in Group 1 versus 5% in Group 2, with the catheter dislocated by 0.83 cm (SD = ±0.87) and 0.43 cm (SD = ±0.67), respectively. There were no differences in NRS score (p = 0.86) or opioid consumption (p = 0.16) between the groups. In each case, a displaced catheter was successfully repositioned by pulling, which clinically resulted in a lower NRS score. The results of the study suggest that CFTB with SMC may be used after TKA with a good effect, as it is associated with low catheter dislocation rates and an adequate analgesic effect.
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Dey, Arunangsu, Hongyun She, Leopold Kim, Allan Boruch, Deborah L. Guris, Kristen Carlberg, Saı̈d M. Sebti, David T. Woodley, Akira Imamoto, and Wei Li. "Colony-stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Utilizes Multiple Signaling Pathways to Induce Cyclin D2 Expression." Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, no. 11 (November 2000): 3835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.11.11.3835.
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Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) induces expression of immediate early gene, such as c-myc and c-fos and delayed early genes such as D-type cyclins (D1 and D2), whose products play essential roles in the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. Little is known, however, about the cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways that connect the surface CSF-1 receptor to these genes in the nucleus. We have investigated the signaling mechanism of CSF-1-induced D2 expression. Analyses of CSF-1 receptor autophosphorylation mutants show that, although certain individual mutation has a partial inhibitory effect, only multiple combined mutations completely block induction of D2 in response to CSF-1. We report that at least three parallel pathways, the Src pathway, the MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, and the c-myc pathway, are involved. Induction of D2 is partially inhibited in Src−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages and by Src inhibitor PP1 and is enhanced in v-Src-overexpressing cells. Activation of myc's transactivating activity selectively induces D2 but not D1. Blockade of c-myc expression partially blocks CSF-1-induced D2 expression. Complete inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway causes 50% decrease of D2 expression. Finally, simultaneous inhibition of Src, MEK activation, and c-myc expression additively blocks CSF-1-induced D2 expression. This study indicates that multiple signaling pathways are involved in full induction of a single gene, and this finding may also apply broadly to other growth factor-inducible genes.
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Layne, Desmond R., Zhengwang Jiang, and James W. Rushing. "578 The Influence of Reflective Film on Red Skin Color and Maturity of Peaches in South Carolina." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 496A—496. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.496a.
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Replicated trials were conducted in summers of 1998 and 1999 at several commercial orchards to determine the influence of a metalized, high-density polyethylene reflective film (SonocoRF, Sonoco Products Co., Hartsville, S.C.) on fruit red skin color and maturity of peach cultivars that historically have poor red coloration in South Carolina. At each site there were two experimental treatments: i) Control; and ii) Reflective Film (RF). RF was laid 2 to 4 weeks before anticipated first pick date by laying a 5-ft-wide strip of plastic on either side of the tree row in the middles. Treatment blocks at a given farm ranged from 0.5 to 1 acre in size and each treatment was replicated four times at each site. At harvest, two 50-fruit samples were picked from each block per treatment. All fruit were sized and visually sorted for color (1 = 0% to 25%, 2 = 26% to 50%, 3 = 51% to 75%, and 4 = 76% to 100% red surface, respectively). A 10-fruit subsample was selected following color sorting and evaluated for puncture pressure and soluble solids concentration (SSC). All cultivars tested (CVN1, Loring, Bounty, Summer Gold, Sun Prince, Cresthaven, and Encore) experienced significant increases in percent red surface when RF was used in 1998 and 1999. This color improvement ranged from 16 to 44% (mean = 28%). On average, fruits from RF were 0.8 lb softer and had 0.3% higher SSC than control fruits. Growers harvested more fruit earlier and in fewer picks for RF. Fruit size was not affected by RF. The influence of RF on orchard microclimate and quality and quantity of reflected light will be discussed.
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Cimbalo, Richard S., Douglas Clark, and Aleksandr I. Matayev. "Relating Sensation Seeking and the von Restorff Isolation Effect." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3_suppl (June 2003): 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3c.1287.
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Sensation seeking was examined in a short-term memory task involving the serial recall of a 10-item list of consonants with (isolated) and without (nonisolated) a distinctively larger item in the fifth position. 126 students were given the Sensation Seeking Scale Form–V and 32 10-item lists to memorize in a 1 by 3 mixed design. Sensation seeking was a between-subject factor and Blocks (Trials 1–16 and 17–32), Isolation (isolated and nonisolated), and Duration (2 sec. and 10 sec.) were within-subject factors. Generally nonisolated lists and the larger letters (the von Restorff Isolation Effect) were better recalled, with the latter being stronger at the shorter duration. Only the high sensation-seeking group showed a Blocks effect for lists with an isolated item such that there was a greater number of items correct per list in Block 1 than in Block 2. This finding is consistent with the argument that higher scores on sensation seeking are associated with greater cortical arousal and better memory for newness and change. Students with high sensation-seeking scores showed superior memory for the isolated list when it contained an isolate if allowed more processing time. It is argued that high sensation-seeking scores were associated with more effective transfer of items from shorter to longer-term memory. A rapid nontime-dependent perceptual process was used to explain the isolation effect. The poorer overall list performance for the lists with the isolate was explained in terms of the intense nature of the isolate.
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Smock, Taylor M., Dale Woerner, and Kristin E. Hales. "250 Effects of Bunk Management and Bulk Density of Steam-flaked Corn on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Liver Score of Finishing Beef Cattle Fed Diets Without Tylosin Phosphate." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.213.
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Abstract One hundred ninety-two beef steers (BW = 332 ± 8.2 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of differing bunk management and bulk density of steam-flaked corn (SFC) in a randomized complete block design. A factorial arrangement of treatments was used with: 1) slick bunk management (SBM) + 335 g/L SFC; 2) modified ad libitum bunk management (MAL) + 335 g/L SFC; 3) SBM + 425 g/L SFC; 4) MAL+ 425 g/L SFC. Steers were randomly assigned to treatment within BW block, with 12 pen replications per treatment. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with fixed effects of bunk management, SFC bulk density, and their interaction. Block was included as a random effect. Bunk management strategy did not affect growth performance, carcass characteristics, or liver abscess score (P > 0.10). The average daily gain (ADG) of steers fed 425 g/L SFC was greater (P = 0.05) from days 35 to 105 than those fed 335 g/L SFC; however, overall ADG did not differ (P = 0.36). The DMI of steers fed 425 g/L SFC was greater (P ≤ 0.05) than those fed 335 g/L SFC. Gain-to-feed of steers fed 425 g/L SFC tended (P = 0.10) to be lesser from days 0 to 35 but did not differ overall (P ≥ 0.12). Steers fed 425 g/L SFC tended to have greater backfat and calculated empty body fat (P ≤ 0.07) than those fed 335 g/L SFC and had a greater calculated yield grade (P = 0.05). Steers fed 425 g/L SFC had 43.51% fewer (P = 0.04) liver abscesses. Bunk management strategy did not impact growth performance or carcass characteristics; whereas, SFC processed to 425 g/L increased DMI, fat thickness, and yield grade while resulting in a decreased proportion of liver abscesses.
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Ray, Bidhan, Debabrata Datta, and Pijush Roy. "Long Term Success of Endo-DCR with Silicone Tube Catheter (STC) versus Endo-DCR without STC: A Comparative Study." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 24, no. 2 (August 26, 2016): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2016.v24i2.83.
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Introduction
Epiphora caused by mechanical block at puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct need surgical correction. EndoDCR is gaining popularity over conventional surgery. This study aims at evaluating the role of Silicone Tube Catheter (STC) to improve the long term outcome of endoDCR .
Materials and Method
This retrospective study was conducted on 58 consecutive endoDCR surgeries between 2012 and 2014. 22 subjects had endoDCR without STC, 36 subjects had endoDCR with STC, of whom in 20 cases STC was removed in 3 weeks and in 16 cases in 12 weeks. Clinical and endoscopic data collected post-operatively after 3 weeks,12 weeks and at 1 year. Analysis was done on intention to get suggestion for better result from endoDCR operations.
Results
Complications were identified as early and late. Complications like granulations, synaechia, echymosis, eyelid haematoma and surgical emphysema were searched for in every follow up. Development of obliterating scar was the main cause of failure. Epistaxis was negligible. No retrobulbar haematoma or rectus injury was noted. Minor synaechia between middle turbinate and nasal wall noted in 13.6 to 20% of cases in all groups. Granulations were more in cases had STC for 12 weeks but managed with conservative measures. Obliterating scar was slightly less in this group in comparison to other groups.
Discussion
The present study emphasises the use of indwelling STC in endoDCR for a longer period .
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Hiraku, Shiho, and Haruo Sakuma. "Effects on Contingent Negative Variation of Set Created by Anticipating Variable Foreperiods." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3_suppl (December 1996): 1163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1163.
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The influence of set on a simple reaction time task was examined by comparing the differences of psychological factors between a group of subjects who expected and experienced a fixed foreperiod (Control condition: 12 subjects) and another group of subjects who were instructed to expect variable foreperiods but experienced the same fixed foreperiod (Instruction condition: 11 subjects), using the index of contingent negative variation (CNV). The foreperiod of simple reaction time cask in each condition was fixed at 3 sec. Subjects were required to respond to 2 blocks of 24 trials, and each instruction was presented between blocks. On the second block CNV amplitudes were higher in the instruction condition as was every CNV component (early, late, and whole components). The set created by anticipating variable foreperiods seems to increase cerebral activity, arousal, and attention during simple reaction time tasks.
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Meriane, Mayya, Joseph Tcherkezian, Christine A. Webber, Eric I. Danek, Ibtissem Triki, Sarah McFarlane, Evelyne Bloch-Gallego, and Nathalie Lamarche-Vane. "Phosphorylation of DCC by Fyn mediates Netrin-1 signaling in growth cone guidance." Journal of Cell Biology 167, no. 4 (November 22, 2004): 687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200405053.
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Netrin-1 acts as a chemoattractant molecule to guide commissural neurons (CN) toward the floor plate by interacting with the receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC). The molecular mechanisms underlying Netrin-1–DCC signaling are still poorly characterized. Here, we show that DCC is phosphorylated in vivo on tyrosine residues in response to Netrin-1 stimulation of CN and that the Src family kinase inhibitors PP2 and SU6656 block both Netrin-1–dependent phosphorylation of DCC and axon outgrowth. PP2 also blocks the reorientation of Xenopus laevis retinal ganglion cells that occurs in response to Netrin-1, which suggests an essential role of the Src kinases in Netrin-1–dependent orientation. Fyn, but not Src, is able to phosphorylate the intracellular domain of DCC in vitro, and we demonstrate that Y1418 is crucial for DCC axon outgrowth function. Both DCC phosphorylation and Netrin-1–induced axon outgrowth are impaired in Fyn−/− CN and spinal cord explants. We propose that DCC is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and that Fyn is essential for the response of axons to Netrin-1.
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Shi, Danping, Lei Hu, Ling Song, and Siwei Sun. "Differential fault attack on Zorro block cipher." Security and Communication Networks 8, no. 16 (January 26, 2015): 2826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sec.1207.
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Hosam, Osama, and Nadhir Ben Halima. "Adaptive block-based pixel value differencing steganography." Security and Communication Networks 9, no. 18 (November 17, 2016): 5036–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sec.1676.
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