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Journal articles on the topic 'SVC - Scalable Video Coding'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Shang, Yueyun, Dengpan Ye, Zhuo Wei, and Yajuan Xie. "GPU-Based MPEG-2 to Secure Scalable Video Transcoding." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 6, no. 2 (2014): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.2014040104.

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Most of the high definition video content are still produced in a single-layer MPEG-2 format. Multiple-layers Scalable Video Coding (SVC) offers a minor penalty in rate-distortion efficiency when compared to single-layer coding MPEG-2. A scaled version of the original SVC bitstream can easily be extracted by dropping layers from the bitstream. This paper proposes a parallel transcoder from MPEG-2 to SVC video with Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), named PTSVC. The objective of the transcoder is to migrate MPEG-2 format video to SVC format video such that clients with different network bandwidth and terminal devices can seamlessly access video content. Meanwhile, the transcoded SVC videos are encrypted such that only authorized users can access corresponding SVC layers. Using various scalabilities SVC test sequences, experimental results on TM5 and JSVM indicate that PTSVC is a higher efficient transcoding system compared with previous systems and only causes little quality loss.

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Oliveira, Francisco, Eduardo Tavares, Erica Sousa, and Bruno Nogueira. "Video Conferencing Evaluation Considering Scalable Video Coding and SDN Network." Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada 25, no. 2 (2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2175-2745.79310.

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Video conferencing is very common nowadays, and it may contemplate heterogenous devices (e.g., smartphones, notebooks, game consoles) and networks in the same session. Developing video conferencing systems for this myriad of devices with different capabilities requires special attention from system designer. Scalable video coding (SVC) is a prominent option to mitigate this heterogeneity issue, but traditional Internet protocol (IP) networks may not fully benefit from such a technology. In contrast, software-defined networking (SDN) may allow better utilization of SVC and improvements on video conferencing components. This paper evaluates the performance of video conferencing systems adopting SVC, SDN and ordinary IP networks, taking into account throughput, delay and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) as the metrics of interest. The experiments are based on Mininet framework and distinct network infrastructures are also considered. Results indicate SDN with SVC may deliver better video quality with reduced delay and increased throughput.

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Alhaisoni, Majed, Mohammed Ghanbari, and Antonio Liotta. "Scalable P2P Video Streaming." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, no. 3 (2010): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010070103.

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P2P networks are a technology able to deliver real time and video-on-demand services over IP networks. Layered video coding techniques are being introduced due to their ability to deliver streams at different scales (temporal, spatial and SNR) that solve the heterogeneity problem. This eases transmission in the case of limited bandwidth, as the devices can pick and decode the minimum bit rate base layer. Existing work examines layered video in client-server scenarios. In contrast, this paper analyzes scalable coding H.264/SVC over P2P networks based on an SNR-temporal Codec. Due to the interdependency between the different SVC layers, issues of reliability and quality of experience arise unless proper measures are taken to protect the base layer. The authors explore the effectiveness of a combination of P2P strategies, for example, hybrid P2P architecture, P2P locality, and P2P redundancy, to assess the viability and benefits of scalable video coding over P2P. The resulting performance is compared with a state-of-the-art P2P TV platform.

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Khairy, Mayada, Alaa Hamdy, Amr Elsayed, and Hesham Farouk. "Efficient Enhancement for Spatial Scalable Video Coding Transmission." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8239491.

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Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is an international standard technique for video compression. It is an extension of H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC). In the encoding of video streams by SVC, it is suitable to employ the macroblock (MB) mode because it affords superior coding efficiency. However, the exhaustive mode decision technique that is usually used for SVC increases the computational complexity, resulting in a longer encoding time (ET). Many other algorithms were proposed to solve this problem with imperfection of increasing transmission time (TT) across the network. To minimize the ET and TT, this paper introduces four efficient algorithms based on spatial scalability. The algorithms utilize the mode-distribution correlation between the base layer (BL) and enhancement layers (ELs) and interpolation between the EL frames. The proposed algorithms are of two categories. Those of the first category are based on interlayer residual SVC spatial scalability. They employ two methods, namely, interlayer interpolation (ILIP) and the interlayer base mode (ILBM) method, and enable ET and TT savings of up to 69.3% and 83.6%, respectively. The algorithms of the second category are based on full-search SVC spatial scalability. They utilize two methods, namely, full interpolation (FIP) and the full-base mode (FBM) method, and enable ET and TT savings of up to 55.3% and 76.6%, respectively.

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de Asís López-Fuentes, Francisco. "P2P video streaming combining SVC and MDC." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (2011): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-011-0022-1.

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P2P video streaming combining SVC and MDC In this paper we propose and evaluate a combined SVC-MDC (Scalable Video Coding & Multiple Description Video Coding) video coding scheme for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) video multicast. The proposed scheme is based on a full cooperation established between the peer sites, which contribute their upload capacity during video distribution. The source site splits the video content into many small blocks and assigns each block to a single peer for redistribution. Our solution is implemented in a fully meshed P2P network in which peers are connected to each other via UDP (User Datagram Protocol) links. The video content is encoded by using the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) method. We present a flow control mechanism that allows us to optimize dynamically the overall throughput and to automatically adjust video quality for each peer. Thus, peers with different upload capacity receive different video quality. We also combine the SVC method with Multiple Description Coding (MDC) to alleviate the packet loss problem. We implemented and tested this approach in the PlanetLab infrastructure. The obtained results show that our solution achieves good performance and remarkable video quality in the presence of packet loss.

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Seeling, Patrick, and Martin Reisslein. "Video Traffic Characteristics of Modern Encoding Standards: H.264/AVC with SVC and MVC Extensions and H.265/HEVC." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/189481.

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Video encoding for multimedia services over communication networks has significantly advanced in recent years with the development of the highly efficient and flexible H.264/AVC video coding standard and its SVC extension. The emerging H.265/HEVC video coding standard as well as 3D video coding further advance video coding for multimedia communications. This paper first gives an overview of these new video coding standards and then examines their implications for multimedia communications by studying the traffic characteristics of long videos encoded with the new coding standards. We review video coding advances from MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Part 2 to H.264/AVC and its SVC and MVC extensions as well as H.265/HEVC. For single-layer (nonscalable) video, we compare H.265/HEVC and H.264/AVC in terms of video traffic and statistical multiplexing characteristics. Our study is the first to examine the H.265/HEVC traffic variability for long videos. We also illustrate the video traffic characteristics and statistical multiplexing of scalable video encoded with the SVC extension of H.264/AVC as well as 3D video encoded with the MVC extension of H.264/AVC.

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Cui, Yansong, Weizheng Ren, and Zhongliang Deng. "Fast Mode Decision for HD Scalable Video Coding via Statistical Content Analysis." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 32, no. 08 (2018): 1855011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800141855011x.

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Scalable video coding (SVC) can provide different bitrate, resolution, or quality formats of the same video through the one-time encoding process. However, SVC also increases encoding complexity significantly, making real-time implementations difficult especially when applied to high definition videos. In this work, we proposed to utilize a fast mode decision algorithm to speed up the SVC encoder. A simple model of the relationship of the video complexity is proposed, the rate-distortion (RD) cost and the statistical mode distribution of the enhancement layer (EL). The proposed mode decision algorithm evaluates the complexity of the video content, then sets the rate distortion RD cost thresholds for inter coding modes. The method also optimizes the process INTRA_BL for I slices. We demonstrate the method using four different resolutions (1080p, 720p, VGA and QVGA), four temporal layers, and two quality layers. We find that the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity significantly while maintaining or even improving encoder efficiency.

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Parakh, Shreyans, and Aditya K. Jagannatham. "Optimal Resource Allocation and VCG Auction-Based Pricing for H.264 Scalable Video Quality Maximization in 4G Wireless Systems." Advances in Multimedia 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/567217.

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We present novel schemes for optimal OFDMA bitrate allocation towards video quality maximization in H.264 scalable video coding (SVC)-based 4G wireless systems. We use the rate and quality models for video characterization of the SVC extension of the H.264/AVC and develop the framework for optimal scalable video transmission. Subsequently, we derive the closed form solution of the optimal H.264 scalable video quantization parameter for sum video quality maximization in unicast and multicast 4G WiMAX adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scenarios. We also formulate a Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) auction-based time-frequency (TF) resource pricing scheme for dynamic bitrate allocation and simultaneous prevention of video quality degradation by malicious users for H.264-based scalable video transmission. Simulation results demonstrate that application of the proposed optimal 4G OFDMA schemes for unicast/multicast video quality maximization yield significantly superior performance in comparison to fixed rate video agnostic allocation.

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Wang, Li, and Xiaokai Wang. "A Novel Hybrid Optimization Algorithm for Scalable Video Coding in an SDN." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (October 5, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3694642.

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Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is a powerful solution to video application over heterogeneous networks and diversified end users. In the recent years, works mostly concentrate on transported layers or path for a single layer in the Software-Defined Network (SDN). This paper proposes the Novel Hybrid Optimization Algorithm for Scalable Video Coding (NHO-SVC) based on Genetic Algorithm to select the layer and path simultaneously. The algorithm uses the 0/1 knapsack programming model to set up the model, predicts the network states by the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA), and then, makes decision based on Genetic Algorithm.

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Lee, Dongyul, and Chaewoo Lee. "Integer-Linear-Programing Optimization in Scalable Video Multicast with Adaptive Modulation and Coding in Wireless Networks." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/769241.

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The advancement in wideband wireless network supports real time services such as IPTV and live video streaming. However, because of the sharing nature of the wireless medium, efficient resource allocation has been studied to achieve a high level of acceptability and proliferation of wireless multimedia. Scalable video coding (SVC) with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) provides an excellent solution for wireless video streaming. By assigning different modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) to video layers, SVC can provide good video quality to users in good channel conditions and also basic video quality to users in bad channel conditions. For optimal resource allocation, a key issue in applying SVC in the wireless multicast service is how to assign MCSs and the time resources to each SVC layer in the heterogeneous channel condition. We formulate this problem with integer linear programming (ILP) and provide numerical results to show the performance under 802.16 m environment. The result shows that our methodology enhances the overall system throughput compared to an existing algorithm.

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Patnaik, Yogananda, and Dipti Patra. "Efficient Scalable Video Coding Method Using Discrete Bandelet Transform." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 14 (2020): 2055023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800142055023x.

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Video coding is an imperative part of the modern day communication system. Furthermore, it has vital roles in the fields of video streaming, multimedia, video conferencing and much more. Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is an emerging research area, due to its extensive application in most of the multimedia devices as well as public demand. The proposed coding technique is capable of eliminating the Spatio-temporal regularity of a video sequence. In Discrete Bandelet Transform (DBT), the directions are modeled by a three-directional vector field, known as structural flow. Regularity is decided by this flow where the data entropy is low. The wavelet vector decomposition of geometrically ordered data results in a lesser extent of significant coefficients. The directions of geometrical regularity are interpreted with a two-dimensional vector, and the approximation of these directions is found with spline functions. This paper deals with a novel SVC technique by exploiting the DBT. The bandelet coefficients are further encoded by utilizing Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) encoder, followed by global thresholding mechanism. The proposed method is verified with several benchmark datasets using the performance measures which gives enhanced performance. Thus, the experimental results bring out the superiority of the proposed technique over the state-of-arts.

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Park, Un-Ki, Haechul Choi, Jung Won Kang, and Jae-Gon Kim. "Scalable Video Coding Using Large Block and its Performance Analysis." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 18, no. 2 (2013): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2013.18.2.249.

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Van der Auwera, Geert, Prasanth T. David, Martin Reisslein, and Lina J. Karam. "Traffic and Quality Characterization of the H.264/AVC Scalable Video Coding Extension." Advances in Multimedia 2008 (2008): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/164027.

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The recent scalable video coding (SVC) extension to the H.264/AVC video coding standard has unprecedented compression efficiency while supporting a wide range of scalability modes, including temporal, spatial, and quality (SNR) scalability, as well as combined spatiotemporal SNR scalability. The traffic characteristics, especially the bit rate variabilities, of the individual layer streams critically affect their network transport. We study the SVC traffic statistics, including the bit rate distortion and bit rate variability distortion, with long CIF resolution video sequences and compare them with the corresponding MPEG-4 Part 2 traffic statistics. We consider (i) temporal scalability with three temporal layers, (ii) spatial scalability with a QCIF base layer and a CIF enhancement layer, as well as (iii) quality scalability modes FGS and MGS. We find that the significant improvement in RD efficiency of SVC is accompanied by substantially higher traffic variabilities as compared to the equivalent MPEG-4 Part 2 streams. We find that separately analyzing the traffic of temporal-scalability only encodings gives reasonable estimates of the traffic statistics of the temporal layers embedded in combined spatiotemporal encodings and in the base layer of combined FGS-temporal encodings. Overall, we find that SVC achieves significantly higher compression ratios than MPEG-4 Part 2, but produces unprecedented levels of traffic variability, thus presenting new challenges for the network transport of scalable video.

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Wenger, Stephan, Ye-kui Wang, and Miska M. Hannuksela. "RTP payload format for H.264/SVC scalable video coding." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 7, no. 5 (2006): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.a0657.

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Wang, Jun, Xiao Lin Lu, Si Yuan Guo, Lu Yu, and Wei Liu. "Network Resource Allocation for Scalable Video Streaming over P2P Networks Based on Game Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1974–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1974.

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In order to adapt to the heterogeneity of terminals and networks, Scalable Video Coding (SVC) encodes raw video stream with different scales of temporal, spatial and quality into layers. Considering the P2P network characteristic, it is a challenging task to design an appropriate P2P steaming network resource allocation mechanism combining with SVC. In this paper, SVC is applied in P2P streaming based on game theory; considering free-riding, bandwidth conflicts in P2P multi-overlay and one chunk with multiple providers, we design a bidirectional serial auction model that jointly optimize the bandwidth allocation, the data scheduling and the incentive mechanism, then optimized allocation for scalable video streaming over P2P networks is achieved. With extensive theoretical analysis, we show that these games converge to an optimal topology for each overlay.

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Al Qodri Maarif, Haris, Teddy Surya Gunawan, and Afzeri. "Low Bit Rate Video Coding for Remote Desktop Operation of CNC Milling." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1631.

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Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is the extension of the H.264/AVC standard. The SVC has good capability in video transmission systems because of its scalability which can adapt in different network conditions, especially in low bit rate transmission. The objective of this paper is to develop the low bit rate video coding for assisting the remote operation of Command and Control (CNC) milling process through virtual simulation and remote desktop interface. The algorithm for low bit rate video coding will be in the downsampling of high resolution layer before the encoding process and upsampling the high layer data in the decoder. Based on simulation results, the proposed scheme shows good performance in maintaining the video quality at 128 kbps while providing high time savings for the encoding process.

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Lahbabi, Youssef, El Hassan Ibn Elhaj, and Ahmed Hammouch. "Adaptive Streaming of Scalable Videos over P2PTV." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/283097.

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In this paper, we propose a new Scalable Video Coding (SVC) quality-adaptive peer-to-peer television (P2PTV) system executed at the peers and at the network. The quality adaptation mechanisms are developed as follows: on one hand, the Layer Level Initialization (LLI) is used for adapting the video quality with the static resources at the peers in order to avoid long startup times. On the other hand, the Layer Level Adjustment (LLA) is invoked periodically to adjust the SVC layer to the fluctuation of the network conditions with the aim of predicting the possible stalls before their occurrence. Our results demonstrate that our mechanisms allow quickly adapting the video quality to various system changes while providing best Quality of Experience (QoE) that matches current resources of the peer devices and instantaneous throughput available at the network state.

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Thakur, Abhishek. "SORT." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 9, no. 2 (2020): 115–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.20200701.oa2.

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In challenging environments, opportunistic networks can provide limited communication features in a delay tolerant manner. It is extremely difficult to transmit large data like videos in such environments, as delay may be hours and part of the information may be lost. This article proposes a novel system that uses partial information from prior communication to estimate the network congestion and delay. The video is compressed and packetized using scalable video coding (SVC). Extensions to Spray-and-Wait routing protocols are analyzed to ensure better delivery video quality and lower wastage. Through simulation, including real-world traces, performance of the proposed solutions under multiple scenarios is evaluated. Experimental results show that adaptive control reduces overall delay and minimizes wastage while improving the quality of video at the receiver. Adaptive SVC transmissions demonstrate almost three times increase in decoded content, as compared to non-SVC transmission.

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Wang, Yun Feng, and Hong Bing Ma. "An Improved Cross-Layer Architecture for H.264/SVC Transmission over IEEE 802.11e Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1933.

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As an extension to H.264, Scalable Video Coding (SVC) provides three types of scalability, which makes it more suitable for the video transmission over wireless networks. IEEE 802.11e introduces EDCA mechanism to support Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, a scheme, based on cross-layer design between application layer and MAC layer, is proposed to improve SVC transmission over 802.11e networks. With optimized mapping mechanism and queue management, the approach has taken the SVC video priority and network congestion status into consideration. Simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm. The experimental results show that our approach can get full use of the limited wireless channel resources, by which SVC packets with high priority can obtain better protection, thus the decoding video quality can be significantly improved.

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Ma, Ting, Maode Ma, Yee Hui Lee, and Feng Hu. "Bitstream-Oriented Protection for the H.264/Scalable Video Coding (SVC)." Wireless Personal Communications 97, no. 4 (2017): 5115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4771-5.

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HoangVan, Xiem. "Adaptive Quantization Parameter Estimation for HEVC Based Surveillance Scalable Video Coding." Electronics 9, no. 6 (2020): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060915.

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Visual surveillance systems have been playing a vital role in human modern life with a large number of applications, ranging from remote home management, public security to traffic monitoring. The recent High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) scalable extension, namely SHVC, provides not only the compression efficiency but also the adaptive streaming capability. However, SHVC is originally designed for videos captured from generic scenes rather than from visual surveillance systems. In this paper, we propose a novel HEVC based surveillance scalable video coding (SSVC) framework. First, to achieve high quality inter prediction, we propose a long-term reference coding method, which adaptively exploits the temporal correlation among frames in surveillance video. Second, to optimize the SSVC compression performance, we design a quantization parameter adaptation mechanism in which the relationship between SSVC rate-distortion (RD) performance and the quantization parameter is statistically modeled by a fourth-order polynomial function. Afterwards, an appropriate quantization parameter is derived for frames at long-term reference position. Experiments conducted for a common set of surveillance videos have shown that the proposed SSVC significantly outperforms the relevant SHVC standard, notably by around 6.9% and 12.6% bitrate saving for the low delay (LD) and random access (RA) coding configurations, respectively while still providing a similar perceptual decoded frame quality.

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Zhao, Lindong, Lei Wang, Xuguang Zhang, and Bin Kang. "Social-Aware Cooperative Video Distribution via SVC Streaming Multicast." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (October 25, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9315357.

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Scalable Video Coding (SVC) streaming multicast is considered as a promising solution to cope with video traffic overload and multicast channel differences. To solve the challenge of delivering high-definition SVC streaming over burst-loss prone channels, we propose a social-aware cooperative SVC streaming multicast scheme. The proposed scheme is the first attempt to enable D2D cooperation for SVC streaming multicast to conquer the burst-loss, and one salient feature of it is that it takes fully into account the hierarchical encoding structure of SVC in scheduling cooperation. By using our scheme, users form groups to share video packets among each other to restore incomplete enhancement layers. Specifically, a cooperative group formation method is designed to stimulate effective cooperation, based on coalitional game theory; and an optimal D2D links scheduling scheme is devised to maximize the total decoded enhancement layers, based on potential game theory. Extensive simulations using real video traces corroborate that the proposed scheme leads to a significant gain on the received video quality.

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Qian, Da Xing, Hong Yu Wang, and Fang Lin Niu. "Scalable Video Coding Bit Stream Extraction Based on Equivalent MSE Method." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 1728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1728.

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The bit stream extraction plays an important role in Scalable Video Coding (SVC) [1]. However, one downside of current video coding methods is to ignore the video contents which is in fact an important factor for video coding efficiency. Therefore, an equivalent MSE method is proposed in this paper to extract substreams in the temporal and spatial enhancement layers. When the Motion Vectors (MVs) are large in one video, a larger frame rate is necessary to maintain the continuity of the object movement which makes no jump in the visual sense. In this sense, substreams extraction in temporal enhancement layer has to be satisfied. On the other hand, if there are some larger high-frequency components in a single frame of the video, that is to say, there are some higher spatial details in the video stream. As a result, it should try to meet the extraction requirement in spatial enhancement layer. This method has the advantage of considering the contents of the video, which can effectively improve the coding performance and quality. The experimental results have demonstrated the improved quality of reconstructed video for the equivalent MSE method when extracting bit stream arbitrarily at the same bandwidth.

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Zhang, Xingjun, Cuiping Jing, Feilong Tang, Scott Fowler, Huali Cui, and Xiaoshe Dong. "Joint Redundant and Random Network Coding for Robust Video Transmission over Lossy Networks." Mobile Information Systems 8, no. 3 (2012): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/931965.

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In this paper a novel unequal packet loss protection scheme R2NC based on low-triangular global coding matrix with ladder-shaped partition is presented, which combines redundant and random network coding for robust H.264/SVC video transmission. Firstly, the error-correcting capabilities of redundant network coding make our scheme resilient to loss. Secondly, the implementation of random network coding at the intermediate nodes with multiple input links can reduce the cost of network bandwidth, thus reducing the end-to-end delay for video transmission. Thirdly, the low-triangular global coding matrix with ladder-shaped partition is maintained throughout the R2NC processes to reduce the impact of global coding matrix's rank deficiency on video transmission and provide unequal erasure protection for H.264/SVC priority layers. The redundant network coding avoids the retransmission of lost packets and improves error-correcting capabilities of lost packets. Based only on the knowledge of the packet loss rates on the output links, the source node and intermediate nodes can make decisions for redundant network coding and random network coding (i.e., how much redundancy to add at this node). However, the redundancy caused by redundant network coding makes the network load increases. In order to improve network throughput, we performed random network coding at the intermediate nodes. Our approach is grounded on the overall distortion of reconstructed video minimization by optimizing the amount of redundancy assigned to each layer. The convex optimization model is constructed under the constraint of network coding and scalable video coding. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the significant improvement of H.264/SVC video reconstruction quality with R2NC over packet lossy networks.

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Álvarez, Alberto, Laura Pozueco, Sergio Cabrero, et al. "A Framework to Measure and Estimate Video Quality in SVC Real-Time Adaptive Systems." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 10, no. 1 (2014): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2014010103.

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Effectively adapting the content to network conditions in real-time is an important matter in best-effort networks like the Internet. Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is an interesting alternative to implement such systems. However, some problems of the performance evaluation of SVC based adaptive systems have not been solved. The authors review the main efforts directed to measure video quality on SVC related systems and discuss the limitations of each one. This paper elaborates a framework to measure video quality metrics in real adaptive SVC based streams. An estimation method for full reference video quality metrics is proposed. This method reduces reference information required and it is able to provide real-time accurate results simply using metadata regarding the video quality of the reference layers. The video quality of several streams that have been generated using a real-time adaptive system is first measured with the elaborated framework and then estimated with the proposed method.

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Kim, Byung-Gyu, Gwang-Soo Hong, Chan-Seob Park, and Kyung-Soon Jang. "A novel hybrid 3D video service algorithm based on scalable video coding (SVC) technology." Displays 40 (December 2015): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2015.05.005.

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Thang, Truong Cong, Jung Won Kang, Jeong-Ju Yoo, and Yong Man Ro. "Optimal Multilayer Adaptation of SVC Video over Heterogeneous Environments." Advances in Multimedia 2008 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/739192.

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Scalable video coding (SVC) is a new video coding format which provides scalability in three-dimensional (spatio-temporal-SNR) space. In this paper, we focus on the adaptation in SNR dimension. Usually, an SVC bitstream may contain multiple spatial layers, and each spatial layer may be enhanced by several FGS layers. To meet a bitrate constraint, the fine-grained scalability (FGS) data of different spatial layers can be truncated in various manners. However, the contributions of FGS layers to the overall/collective video quality are different. In this work, we propose an optimized framework to control the SNR scalability across multiple spatial layers. Our proposed framework has the flexibility in allocating the resource (i.e., bitrate) among spatial layers, where the overall quality is defined as a function of all spatial layers' qualities and can be modified on the fly.

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Lee, Kyu-Jin, Dong-Ho Cha, Sun-Ha Hwang, and Kye-San Lee. "Study on Scalable Video Coding Signals Transmission Scheme using LED-ID System." Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society 36, no. 10B (2011): 1258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2011.36b.10.1258.

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Hong, Gwang-Soo, Byung-Gyu Kim, and Jeong-Bae Lee. "Adaptive layer selection technique for low-power scalable video coding (SVC) system." New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia 19, no. 3-4 (2013): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2013.833993.

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Berkin Abanoz, T., and A. Murat Tekalp. "SVC-based scalable multiple description video coding and optimization of encoding configuration." Signal Processing: Image Communication 24, no. 9 (2009): 691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2009.07.003.

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Wang, Chou Chen, Wei Han Chen, Yan Lin Lu, and Jia Wei Wu. "Robust Video Transmission for H.264 Scalable Video Coding System over Error-Prone Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 1554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.1554.

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In this paper, we develop a novel robust scheme of two-dimensional unequal error protection (2-D UEP) for the H.264 scalable video coding (SVC) with a combined temporal and quality (SNR) scalability over packet-erasure channel. To avoid the waste of bits and obtain the best rate allocation, we propose a threshold-based UEP (TH-UEP) scheme. The proposed TH-UEP designs a predefined threshold according to the length of packet and the error correcting ability of RS code to achieve the best allocation. In addition, the proposed scheme also derives a simple mathematical model to reduce computational load of the best allocation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed H.264 video transmission scheme can provide strong robustness and video quality improvement when compared to other 2-D UEP schemes.

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Yoon, Ki-Chang, Dae-Ig Chang, and Won Sohn. "Studies on Applying Scalable Video Coding Signals to Ka band Satellite HDTV Service." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 13, no. 6 (2008): 905–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2008.13.6.905.

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Jeong, Hyunmi, and Minseok Song. "Exploiting Quality Scalability in Scalable Video Coding (SVC) for Effective Power Management in Video Playback." KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices 20, no. 11 (2014): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/ktcp.2014.20.11.604.

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Wydrych, Piotr, Krzysztof Rusek, and Piotr Cholda. "Efficient Modelling of Traffic and Quality of Scalable Video Coding (SVC) Encoded Streams." IEEE Communications Letters 17, no. 12 (2013): 2372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2013.110613.132163.

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Xu, Zeyu, Yang Cao, Wei Wang, Tao Jiang, and Qian Zhang. "Incentive Mechanism for Cooperative Scalable Video Coding (SVC) Multicast Based on Contract Theory." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 22, no. 2 (2020): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2019.2929965.

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Naghdinezhad, Amir, and Fabrice Labeau. "Frame distortion estimation for unequal error protection methods in scalable video coding (SVC)." Signal Processing: Image Communication 29, no. 9 (2014): 971–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2014.07.006.

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Wang, Hongtao, Dong Zhang, and Houqiang Li. "A Rate-Distortion Optimized Coding Method for Region of Interest in Scalable Video Coding." Advances in Multimedia 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/489089.

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The support for region of interest (ROI) browsing, which allows dropping background part of video bitstreams, is a desirable feature for video applications. With the help of the slice group technique provided by H.264/SVC, rectangular ROI areas can be encoded into separate ROI slices. Additionally, by imposing certain constraints on motion estimation, ROI part of the bitstream can be decoded without background slices of the same layer. However, due to the additional spatial and temporal constraints applied to the encoder, overall coding efficiency would be significantly decreased. In this paper, a rate-distortion optimized (RDO) encoding scheme is proposed to improve the coding efficiency of ROI slices. When background slices are discarded, the proposed method uses base layer information to generate the prediction signal of the enhancement layer. Thus, the temporal constraints can be loosened during the encoding process. To do it in this way, the possible mismatch between generated reference frames and original ones is also considered during rate-distortion optimization so that a reasonable trade-off between coding efficiency and decoding drift can be made. Besides, a new Lagrange multiplier derivation method is developed for further coding performance improvement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant bitrate saving compared to existing methods.

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Balaji, L., and K. K. Thyagharajan. "H.264 SVC Complexity Reduction Based on Likelihood Mode Decision." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/418437.

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H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) was prolonged to Scalable Video Coding (SVC). SVC executes in different electronics gadgets such as personal computer, HDTV, SDTV, IPTV, and full-HDTV in which user demands various scaling of the same content. The various scaling is resolution, frame rate, quality, heterogeneous networks, bandwidth, and so forth. Scaling consumes more encoding time and computational complexity during mode selection. In this paper, to reduce encoding time and computational complexity, a fast mode decision algorithm based on likelihood mode decision (LMD) is proposed. LMD is evaluated in both temporal and spatial scaling. From the results, we conclude that LMD performs well, when compared to the previous fast mode decision algorithms. The comparison parameters are time, PSNR, and bit rate. LMD achieve time saving of 66.65% with 0.05% detriment in PSNR and 0.17% increment in bit rate compared with the full search method.

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Bijur, Gururaj, Ramakrishna Mundugar, Vinayak Mantoor, and Karunakar A Kotegar. "Estimation of Adaptation Parameters for Dynamic Video Adaptation in Wireless Network Using Experimental Method." Computers 10, no. 4 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10040039.

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A wireless network gives flexibility to the user in terms of mobility that attracts the user to use wireless communication more. The video communication in the wireless network experiences Quality of Services (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) issues due to network dynamics. The parameters, such as node mobility, routing protocols, and distance between the nodes, play a major role in the quality of video communication. Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is an extension to H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), allows partial removal of layers, and generates a valid adapted bit-stream. This adaptation feature enables the streaming of video data over a wireless network to meet the availability of the resources. The video adaptation is a dynamic process and requires prior knowledge to decide the adaptation parameter for extraction of the video levels. This research work aims at building the adaptation parameters that are required by the adaptation engines, such as Media Aware Network Elements (MANE), to perform adaptation on-the-fly. The prior knowledge improves the performances of the adaptation engines and gives the improved quality of the video communication. The unique feature of this work is that, here, we used an experimental evaluation method to identify the video levels that are suitable for a given network condition. In this paper, we estimated the adaptation parameters for streaming scalable video over the wireless network using the experimental method. The adaptation parameters are derived using node mobility, link bandwidth, and motion level of video sequences as deciding parameters. The experimentation is carried on the OMNeT++ tool, and Joint Scalable Video Module (JSVM) is used to encode and decode the scalable video data.

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Gohar, Ali, and Sanghwan Lee. "Multipath Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP Using Scalable Video Coding in Software Defined Networking." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217691.

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Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) offers adaptive and dynamic multimedia streaming solutions to heterogeneous end systems. However, it still faces many challenges in determining an appropriate rate adaptation technique to provide the best quality of experience (QoE) to the end systems. Most of the suggested approaches rely on servers or client-side heuristics to improve multimedia streaming QoE. Moreover, using evolving technologies such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) that provide a network overview, combined with Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP), can enhance the QoE of streaming multimedia media based on scalable video coding (SVC). Therefore, we enhance our previous work and propose a Dynamic Multi Path Finder (DMPF) scheduler that determines optimal techniques to enhance QoE. DMPF scheduler is a part of the DMPF Scheduler Module (DSM) which runs as an application over the SDN controller. The DMPF scheduler accommodates maximum client requests while providing the basic representation of the media requested. We evaluate our implementation on real network topology and explore how SVC layers should be transferred over network topology. We also test the scheduler for network bandwidth usage. Through extensive simulations, we show clear trade-offs between the number of accommodated requests and the quality of the streaming. We conclude that it is better to schedule the layers of a request into the same path as much as possible than into multiple paths. Furthermore, these result would help service providers optimize their services.

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Balaji, L., K. K. Thyagharajan, and A. Dhanalakshmi. "An Efficient Block Mode Detection Algorithm for Scalable Video Coding using Probability Model." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, no. 2 (2015): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015040103.

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H.264 / AVC expansion is H.264 / SVC which is applicable in environments that demand video streaming. This paper delivers an algorithm to shorten computational complexity and extend coding efficiency by determining the mode speedily. In this writing, the authors talk a fast mode resolution algorithm with less complexity unlikely the traditional joint scalable video model (JSVM). Their algorithm end mode hunt by a probability model defined. This model is address for both intra-mode and inter-mode predictions of base layer and enhancement layers in a macro block (MB). The estimated rate distortion cost (RDC) for modes among layers is custom to determine the best mode of each MB. The experimental results show that the authors' algorithm realizes 26.9% of encoding time when compared with the JSVM reference software with smallest reduction in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).

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LEE, Kyujin, Dongho CHA, and Kyesan LEE. "Scalable Video Coding (SVC) Signal Transmission Scheme Using UAPA in a MIMO-OFDM System." IEICE Transactions on Communications E95.B, no. 11 (2012): 3519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e95.b.3519.

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Jing, Luna, Ning Li, and Li Ni Ma. "Fast Intra Mode Decision Algorithm Based on Mode Correlation in SVC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.525.

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Intra4×4 mode decision has correlation between enhancement layer and base layer in scalable video coding (SVC). In this paper, a new intra mode decision algorithm is proposed based on this correlation and the proximity of prediction directions of nine Intra4×4 prediction modes. This method is used in enhancement layer to decrease the mode numbers in enhancement layer. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can save 27.52% encoding time on average with negligible PSNR change and small bit-rate loss.

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Nightingale, James, Qi Wang, and Christos Grecos. "Performance Evaluation of Concurrent Multipath Video Streaming in Multihomed Mobile Networks." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2013 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/319594.

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High-quality real-time video streaming to users in mobile networks is challenging due to the dynamically changing nature of the network paths, particularly the limited bandwidth and varying end-to-end delay. In this paper, we empirically investigate the performance of multipath streaming in the context of multihomed mobile networks. Existing schemes that make use of the aggregated bandwidth of multiple paths can overcome bandwidth limitations on a single path but suffer an efficiency penalty caused by retransmission of lost packets in reliable transport schemes or path switching overheads in unreliable transport schemes. This work focuses on the evaluation of schemes to permit concurrent use of multiple paths to deliver video streams. A comprehensive streaming framework for concurrent multipath video streaming is proposed and experimentally evaluated, using current state-of-the-art H.264 Scalable Video Coding (H.264/SVC) and the next generation High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standards. It provides a valuable insight into the benefit of using such schemes in conjunction with encoder specific packet prioritisation mechanisms for quality-aware packet scheduling and scalable streaming. The remaining obstacles to deployment of concurrent multipath schemes are identified, and the challenges in realising HEVC based concurrent multipath streaming are highlighted.

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Shin, Kyuyong, Kyoung Min Kim, and Jongkwan Lee. "A Scalable Video Coding(SVC) and Balanced Selection Algorithm based P2P Streaming Technique for Efficient Military Video Information Transmission." Jouranl of Information and Security 19, no. 4 (2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33778/kcsa.2019.19.4.087.

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Omiyi, Peter E., Moustafa M. Nasralla, Ikram Ur Rehman, Nabeel Khan, and Maria G. Martini. "An Intelligent Fuzzy Logic-Based Content and Channel Aware Downlink Scheduler for Scalable Video over OFDMA Wireless Systems." Electronics 9, no. 7 (2020): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071071.

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The recent advancements of wireless technology and applications make downlink scheduling and resource allocations an important research topic. In this paper, we consider the problem of downlink scheduling for multi-user scalable video streaming over orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) channels. The video streams are precoded using a scalable video coding (SVC) scheme. We propose a fuzzy logic-based scheduling algorithm, which prioritises the transmission to different users by considering video content, and channel conditions. Furthermore, a novel analytical model and a new performance metric have been developed for the performance analysis of the proposed scheduling algorithm. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the content-blind/channel aware scheduling algorithms with a gain of as much as 19% in terms of the number of supported users. The proposed algorithm allows for a fairer allocation of resources among users across the entire sector coverage, allowing for the enhancement of video quality at edges of the cell while minimising the degradation of users closer to the base station.

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Jang, Hyeong-Moon, Jung-Hak Nam, and Dong-Gyu Sim. "Complexity Reduction Method Using Inter-layer CU Depth Information for Scalable Video Coding Base on HEVC." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 17, no. 5 (2012): 765–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2012.17.5.765.

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Jung, Hyun-Ki, Kwang-Soo Hong, Byung-Gyu Kim, Chang-Ki Kim, and Jeong-Ju Yoo. "Fast Mode Decision Algorithm for Scalable Video Coding (SVC) Using Directional Information of Neighboring Layer." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 17, no. 1 (2012): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jeb.2012.17.1.108.

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Kim, Namyeong, Taewon Song, Wonjung Kim, and Sangheon Pack. "A Scalable Video Coding (SVC)-Aware Retransmission Scheme for Multimedia Streaming in IEEE 802.11 WLANs." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 39B, no. 2 (2014): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2014.39b.2.95.

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Badrul, Hilmi, Chan-Seob Park, Hyun-Ki Jung, Hyo-Sung Kim, and Byung-Gyu Kim. "Adaptive Search Range Control Algorithms for the Hierarchical B Structure in Scalable Video Coding (SVC)." Recent Patents on Signal Processinge 1, no. 1 (2011): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210686311101010008.

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