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Journal articles on the topic 'Sverdrup Balance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Thomas, Matthew D., Agatha M. De Boer, Helen L. Johnson, and David P. Stevens. "Spatial and Temporal Scales of Sverdrup Balance*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 10 (2014): 2644–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0192.1.

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Abstract Sverdrup balance underlies much of the theory of ocean circulation and provides a potential tool for describing the interior ocean transport from only the wind stress. Using both a model state estimate and an eddy-permitting coupled climate model, this study assesses to what extent and over what spatial and temporal scales Sverdrup balance describes the meridional transport. The authors find that Sverdrup balance holds to first order in the interior subtropical ocean when considered at spatial scales greater than approximately 5°. Outside the subtropics, in western boundary currents a

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2

Wunsch, Carl, and Dean Roemmich. "Is the North Atlantic in Sverdrup Balance?" Journal of Physical Oceanography 15, no. 12 (1985): 1876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015<1876:itnais>2.0.co;2.

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3

Wunsch, Carl. "The decadal mean ocean circulation and Sverdrup balance." Journal of Marine Research 69, no. 2 (2011): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224011798765303.

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4

Gray, Alison R., and Stephen C. Riser. "A Global Analysis of Sverdrup Balance Using Absolute Geostrophic Velocities from Argo." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 4 (2014): 1213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0206.1.

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Abstract Using observations from the Argo array of profiling floats, the large-scale circulation of the upper 2000 decibars (db) of the global ocean is computed for the period from December 2004 to November 2010. The geostrophic velocity relative to a reference level of 900 db is estimated from temperature and salinity profiles, and the absolute geostrophic velocity at the reference level is estimated from the trajectory data provided by the floats. Combining the two gives the absolute geostrophic velocity on 29 pressure surfaces spanning the upper 2000 db of the global ocean. These velocities

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5

Gray, Alison R., and Stephen C. Riser. "Reply to “Comments on ‘A Global Analysis of Sverdrup Balance Using Absolute Geostrophic Velocities from Argo’”." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 5 (2015): 1449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0215.1.

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6

Le Corre, Mathieu, Jonathan Gula, and Anne-Marie Tréguier. "Barotropic vorticity balance of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre in an eddy-resolving model." Ocean Science 16, no. 2 (2020): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-16-451-2020.

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Abstract. The circulation in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre is complex and strongly influenced by the topography. The gyre dynamics are traditionally understood as the result of a topographic Sverdrup balance, which corresponds to a first-order balance between the planetary vorticity advection, the bottom pressure torque, and the wind stress curl. However, these dynamics have been studied mostly with non-eddy-resolving models and a crude representation of the bottom topography. Here we revisit the barotropic vorticity balance of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre using a new eddy-resolving sim

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7

Lu, Youyu, and Detlef Stammer. "Vorticity Balance in Coarse-Resolution Global Ocean Simulations." Journal of Physical Oceanography 34, no. 3 (2004): 605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2504.1.

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Abstract The vorticity budget of the vertically integrated circulation from two global ocean simulations is analyzed using a horizontal spacing of 2° × 2° in longitude/latitude. The two simulations differ in their initial hydrographic conditions and surface wind and buoyancy forcing. The constrained simulation obtains optimal initial condition and surface forcing through assimilating observational data using the model's adjoint, whereas the unconstrained simulation uses Levitus climatological conditions for initialization and is driven by NCEP–NCAR reanalysis forcing, plus restoring to the mon

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8

Hautala, Susan L., Dean H. Roemmich, and William J. Schmilz. "Is the North Pacific in Sverdrup balance along 24°N?" Journal of Geophysical Research 99, no. C8 (1994): 16041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jc01084.

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9

Ohshima, Kay I., Daisuke Simizu, Motoyo Itoh, et al. "Sverdrup Balance and the Cyclonic Gyre in the Sea of Okhotsk." Journal of Physical Oceanography 34, no. 2 (2004): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0513:sbatcg>2.0.co;2.

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10

NIILER, P. P., and C. J. KOBLINSKY. "A Local Time-Dependent Sverdrup Balance in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean." Science 229, no. 4715 (1985): 754–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4715.754.

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11

Polonsky, Alexander. "Comments on “A Global Analysis of Sverdrup Balance Using Absolute Geostrophic Velocities from Argo”." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 5 (2015): 1446–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0127.1.

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12

Cabanes, Cécile, Thierry Huck, and Alain Colin de Verdière. "Contributions of Wind Forcing and Surface Heating to Interannual Sea Level Variations in the Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 9 (2006): 1739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2935.1.

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Abstract Interannual sea surface height variations in the Atlantic Ocean are examined from 10 years of high-precision altimeter data in light of simple mechanisms that describe the ocean response to atmospheric forcing: 1) local steric changes due to surface buoyancy forcing and a local response to wind stress via Ekman pumping and 2) baroclinic and barotropic oceanic adjustment via propagating Rossby waves and quasi-steady Sverdrup balance, respectively. The relevance of these simple mechanisms in explaining interannual sea level variability in the whole Atlantic Ocean is investigated. It is

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13

Zurita-Gotor, Pablo. "The Impact of Divergence Tilt and Meridional Flow for Cross-Equatorial Eddy Momentum Transport in Gill-Like Settings." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 6 (2020): 1933–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0158.1.

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Abstract This work investigates the sensitivity of the cross-equatorial eddy momentum flux and its rotational and divergent components to Hadley cell strength in simple variants of the Gill problem. An expression is derived linking the divergent momentum flux to the mean meridional wavenumber weighted by the spectrum of divergent eddy kinetic energy, supporting the relation between divergence phase tilt and momentum flux suggested by a previous study. Newtonian cooling makes the divergence tilt eastward moving away from the equator as observed, but this tilt is also sensitive to the Hadley cel

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14

OLBERS, DIRK, DANIEL BOROWSKI, CHRISTOPH VÖLKER, and JORG-OLAF WÖLFF. "The dynamical balance, transport and circulation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current." Antarctic Science 16, no. 4 (2004): 439–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002251.

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The physical elements of the circulation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) are reviewed. A picture of the circulation is sketched by means of recent observations from the WOCE decade. We present and discuss the role of forcing functions (wind stress, surface buoyancy flux) in the dynamical balance of the flow and in the meridional circulation and study their relation to the ACC transport. The physics of form stress at tilted isopycnals and at the ocean bottom are elucidated as central mechanisms in the momentum balance. We explain the failure of the Sverdrup balance in the ACC circula

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15

Verdy, Ariane, and Markus Jochum. "A note on the validity of the Sverdrup balance in the Atlantic North Equatorial Countercurrent." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 52, no. 1 (2005): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.05.014.

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16

Pu, Bing, Edward K. Vizy, and Kerry H. Cook. "Warm Season Response over North America to a Shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and CO2 Increases." Journal of Climate 25, no. 19 (2012): 6701–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00611.1.

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Abstract Paleo-proxy and modeling evidence suggest that a shutdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) would decrease North Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures and have far-reaching climate impacts. The authors use a regional climate model to examine the warm season response over North America to a hypothetical late-twenty-first-century shutdown of the AMOC with increased atmospheric CO2. In the future simulation, precipitation decreases over the western and central United States by up to 40% and over eastern Mexico by up to 50%. Over the eastern United States rainfal

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17

Sime, Louise C., David P. Stevens, Karen J. Heywood, and Kevin I. C. Oliver. "A Decomposition of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 12 (2006): 2253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2974.1.

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Abstract A decomposition of meridional overturning circulation (MOC) cells into geostrophic vertical shears, Ekman, and bottom pressure–dependent (or external mode) circulation components is presented. The decomposition requires the following information: 1) a density profile wherever bathymetry changes to construct the vertical shears component, 2) the zonal-mean zonal wind stress for the Ekman component, and 3) the mean depth-independent velocity information over each isobath to construct the external mode. The decomposition is applied to the third-generation Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean–Atmo

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18

Harrison, D. E., R. D. Romea, and S. H. Hankin. "Central equatorial Pacific zonal currents. I: The Sverdrup balance, nonlinearity and tropical instability waves. Annual mean dynamics." Journal of Marine Research 59, no. 6 (2001): 895–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/00222400160497706.

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19

Alexander-Astiz Le Bras, Isabela, Maike Sonnewald, and John M. Toole. "A Barotropic Vorticity Budget for the Subtropical North Atlantic Based on Observations." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 11 (2019): 2781–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0111.1.

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AbstractTo ground truth the large-scale dynamical balance of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre with observations, a barotropic vorticity budget is constructed in the ECCO state estimate and compared with hydrographic observations and wind stress data products. The hydrographic dataset at the center of this work is the A22 WOCE section, which lies along 66°W and creates a closed volume with the North and South American coasts to its west. The planetary vorticity flux across A22 is quantified, providing a metric for the net meridional flow in the western subtropical gyre. The wind stress forci

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20

Bell, Michael J. "Water Mass Transformations Driven by Ekman Upwelling and Surface Warming in Subpolar Gyres." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 9 (2015): 2356–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0251.1.

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AbstractThe Sverdrup relationship when applied to the Southern Ocean suggests that some isopycnals that are deep in the eastern Pacific will shoal in the Atlantic. Cold waters surfacing in the South Atlantic at midlatitudes would be warmed by the atmosphere. The potential for water mass transformations in this region is studied by applying a three-layer planetary geostrophic model to a wide ocean basin driven by the Ekman upwelling typical of the Southern Ocean surface winds. The model uses a simple physically based parameterization of the entrainment of mass into the surface layer with zonall

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21

Palóczy, André, Julie L. McClean, Sarah T. Gille, and He Wang. "The Large-Scale Vorticity Balance of the Antarctic Continental Margin in a Fine-Resolution Global Simulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 8 (2020): 2173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0307.1.

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ABSTRACTThe depth-integrated vorticity budget of a global, eddy-permitting ocean/sea ice simulation over the Antarctic continental margin (ACM) is diagnosed to understand the physical mechanisms implicated in meridional transport. The leading-order balance is between the torques due to lateral friction, nonlinear effects, and bottom vortex stretching, although details vary regionally. Maps of the time-averaged depth-integrated vorticity budget terms and time series of the spatially averaged, depth-integrated vorticity budget terms reveal that the flow in the Amundsen, Bellingshausen, and Wedde

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22

Koerner, Roy M. "Mass balance of glaciers in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut, Canada." Annals of Glaciology 42 (2005): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813122.

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AbstractMass-balance measurements began in the Canadian High Arctic in 1959. This paper considers the >40 years of measurements made since then, principally on two stagnant ice caps (on Meighen and Melville Islands), parts of two ice caps (the northeast section of Agassiz Ice Cap on northern Ellesmere Island and the northwest part of Devon Ice Cap on Devon Island) and two glaciers (White and Baby Glaciers, Axel Heiberg Island). The results show continuing negative balances. All the glaciers and ice caps except Meighen Ice Cap show weak but significant trends with time towards increasingly n

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23

Qiu, Bo, Shuiming Chen, Peter Hacker, Nelson G. Hogg, Steven R. Jayne, and Hideharu Sasaki. "The Kuroshio Extension Northern Recirculation Gyre: Profiling Float Measurements and Forcing Mechanism." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 8 (2008): 1764–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3921.1.

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Abstract Middepth, time-mean circulation in the western North Pacific Ocean (28°–45°N, 140°–165°E) is investigated using drift information from the profiling floats deployed in the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) and the International Argo programs. A well-defined, cyclonic recirculation gyre (RG) is found to exist north of the Kuroshio Extension jet, confined zonally between the Japan Trench (∼145°E) and the Shatsky Rise (∼156°E), and bordered to the north by the subarctic boundary along ∼40°N. This northern RG, which is simulated favorably in the eddy-resolving OGCM for the Earth Simu

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24

Yadav, R. K., J. H. Yoo, F. Kucharski, and M. A. Abid. "Why Is ENSO Influencing Northwest India Winter Precipitation in Recent Decades?" Journal of Climate 23, no. 8 (2010): 1979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3202.1.

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Abstract This study examines decadal changes of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on the interannual variability of northwest India winter precipitation (NWIWP). The analysis is based on correlations and regressions performed using India Meteorological Department (IMD) records based on station data and reanalysis fields from 1950 to 2008. The authors find that the interannual variability of NWIWP is influenced by the ENSO phenomenon in the recent decades. This conclusion is supported by a consistency across the different observational datasets employed in this study and confirm

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25

Borowski, Daniel, Rüdiger Gerdes, and Dirk Olbers. "Thermohaline and Wind Forcing of a Circumpolar Channel withBlocked Geostrophic Contours." Journal of Physical Oceanography 32, no. 9 (2002): 2520–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2520.

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Abstract The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is governed by unique dynamics. Because the latitude belt of Drake Passage is not zonally bounded by continents, the Sverdrup theory does not apply to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. However, most of the geostrophic contours are blocked at Drake Passage, which provides an important dynamic constraint for the vorticity equation of the depth averaged flow. This study addresses the effects of thermohaline and wind forcing on the large-scale transport of a circumpolar current with blocked geostrophic contours. Various numerical experiments with three d

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26

Wunsch, Carl, and Patrick Heimbach. "Two Decades of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Anatomy, Variations, Extremes, Prediction, and Overcoming Its Limitations." Journal of Climate 26, no. 18 (2013): 7167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00478.1.

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Abstract The zonally integrated meridional volume transport in the North Atlantic [Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)] is described in a 19-yr-long ocean-state estimate, one consistent with a diverse global dataset. Apart from a weak increasing trend at high northern latitudes, the AMOC appears statistically stable over the last 19 yr with fluctuations indistinguishable from those of a stationary Gaussian stochastic process. This characterization makes it possible to study (using highly developed tools) extreme values, predictability, and the statistical significance of apparen

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27

van Leeuwen, Peter Jan, and Will P. M. de Ruijter. "On the Steadiness of Separating Meandering Currents." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 2 (2009): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3869.1.

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Abstract The existence of inertial steady currents that separate from a coast and meander afterward is investigated. By integrating the zonal momentum equation over a suitable area, it is shown that retroflecting currents cannot be steady in a reduced gravity or in a barotropic model of the ocean. Even friction cannot negate this conclusion. Previous literature on this subject, notably the discrepancy between several articles by Nof and Pichevin on the unsteadiness of retroflecting currents and steady solutions presented in other papers, is critically discussed. For more general separating cur

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28

Wills, Robert C., and Tapio Schneider. "Stationary Eddies and the Zonal Asymmetry of Net Precipitation and Ocean Freshwater Forcing." Journal of Climate 28, no. 13 (2015): 5115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00573.1.

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Abstract Transport of water vapor in the atmosphere generates substantial spatial variability of net precipitation (precipitation minus evaporation). Over half of the total spatial variability in annual-mean net precipitation is accounted for by deviations from the zonal mean. Over land, these regional differences determine differences in surface water availability. Over oceans, they account, for example, for the Pacific–Atlantic difference in sea surface salinity, with implications for the deep overturning circulation. This study analyzes the atmospheric water budget in reanalyses from ERA-In

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29

Thakur, Abu Bakar Siddiqui, and Jai Sukhatme. "Changes in the tropical upper-tropospheric zonal momentum balance due to global warming." Weather and Climate Dynamics 5, no. 2 (2024): 839–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-839-2024.

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Abstract. We study the zonal momentum budget of the deep upper tropics in the context of present and future climates. In the zonal mean, as is known, a robust balance exists between the acceleration by the horizontal eddy momentum flux convergence and the deceleration by the mean meridional momentum advection. During summer, climatological stationary Rossby waves over the Asian monsoon longitudes converge westerly momentum into the tropics and are the primary contributors to the eddy term. During winter, anomalous westerly winds over the tropical east Pacific allow extratropical waves to propa

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30

Reid, C. M., N. P. James, T. K. Kyser, and B. Beauchamp. "Diagenetic Cycling of Nutrients in Seafloor Sediments and the Carbonate-Silica Balance in a Paleozoic Cool-Water Carbonate System, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago." Journal of Sedimentary Research 78, no. 8 (2008): 562–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2008.057.

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31

Yang, Yaoxian, Zeyong Hu, Maoshan Li, Haipeng Yu, Weiqiang Ma, and Weiwei Fan. "Topographical and Thermal Forcing in Favorable Circulation Pattern to Early Spring Precipitation over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau." Atmosphere 13, no. 6 (2022): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060973.

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During the boreal spring (March–May), the precipitation that occurs from March over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) can account for 20–40% of the total annual amount. The origin of this phenomenon has not been clearly understood from a climatological perspective. In this study, the role of topographical and thermal forcing on the precipitation over the southeastern TP in early spring (March) was investigated through sensitivity numerical simulations based on general circulation model. The simulated results show the favorable circulation and static stability to early spring precipitation

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32

Wang, Chunzai, Sang-Ki Lee, and Carlos R. Mechoso. "Interhemispheric Influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Southeastern Pacific." Journal of Climate 23, no. 2 (2010): 404–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3127.1.

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Abstract The Atlantic warm pool (AWP) is a large body of warm water comprising the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and western tropical North Atlantic. The AWP can vary on seasonal, interannual, and multidecadal time scales. The maximum AWP size is in the boreal late summer and early fall, with the largest extent in the year being about 3 times the smallest one. The AWP alternates with the Amazon basin in South America as the seasonal heating source for circulations of the Hadley and Walker type in the Western Hemisphere. During the boreal summer/fall, a strong Hadley-type circulation is establ

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Brown, Jaclyn N., and Alexey V. Fedorov. "Estimating the Diapycnal Transport Contribution to Warm Water Volume Variations in the Tropical Pacific Ocean." Journal of Climate 23, no. 2 (2010): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2347.1.

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Abstract Variations in the warm water volume (WWV) of the equatorial Pacific Ocean are considered a key element of the dynamics of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. WWV, a proxy for the upper-ocean heat content, is usually defined as the volume of water with temperatures greater than 20°C. It has been suggested that the observed variations in WWV are controlled by interplay among meridional, zonal, and vertical transports (with vertical transports typically calculated as the residual of temporal changes in WWV and the horizontal transport divergence). Here, the output from a

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34

Kessler, William S. "Mean Three-Dimensional Circulation in the Northeast Tropical Pacific*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 32, no. 9 (2002): 2457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2457.

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Abstract Historical XBT data are used to construct a mean climatology of the three-dimensional geostrophic circulation in the northeast tropical Pacific (southwest of Mexico and Central America) and are diagnosed based on linear dynamics forced with satellite scatterometer winds. Unlike the familiar central tropical Pacific, where the zonal scales are very large and the wind forcing nearly a function of latitude alone, the North Pacific east of about 120°W is strongly influenced by wind jets blowing through gaps in the Central American cordillera. The curl imposed by these wind jets imprints o

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Small, R. Justin, Enrique Curchitser, Katherine Hedstrom, Brian Kauffman, and William G. Large. "The Benguela Upwelling System: Quantifying the Sensitivity to Resolution and Coastal Wind Representation in a Global Climate Model*." Journal of Climate 28, no. 23 (2015): 9409–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0192.1.

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Abstract Of all the major coastal upwelling systems in the world’s oceans, the Benguela, located off southwest Africa, is the one that climate models find hardest to simulate well. This paper investigates the sensitivity of upwelling processes, and of sea surface temperature (SST), in this region to resolution of the climate model and to the offshore wind structure. The Community Climate System Model (version 4) is used here, together with the Regional Ocean Modeling System. The main result is that a realistic wind stress curl at the eastern boundary, and a high-resolution ocean model, are req

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36

Sheremet, Vitalii A., and Joseph Kuehl. "Gap-Leaping Western Boundary Current in a Circular Tank Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 6 (2007): 1488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3069.1.

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Abstract An oceanographically generic problem of the interaction of a boundary current with bathymetric features such as a gap in the ridge or a strait between two islands is considered. Multiple flow patterns (penetrating or leaping the gap) and hysteresis (dependence on prior evolution) may exist in such systems. Examples include the Gulf Stream leaping from the Yucatan to Florida and the Kuroshio leaping from Luzon to Taiwan. Using numerical analysis, Sheremet earlier found that multiple steady states can be explained by variation in the balance between the inertia (which promotes leaping s

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Zhou, Tianjun, Rucong Yu, Jie Zhang, et al. "Why the Western Pacific Subtropical High Has Extended Westward since the Late 1970s." Journal of Climate 22, no. 8 (2009): 2199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2527.1.

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Abstract The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is closely related to Asian climate. Previous examination of changes in the WPSH found a westward extension since the late 1970s, which has contributed to the interdecadal transition of East Asian climate. The reason for the westward extension is unknown, however. The present study suggests that this significant change of WPSH is partly due to the atmosphere’s response to the observed Indian Ocean–western Pacific (IWP) warming. Coordinated by a European Union’s Sixth Framework Programme, Understanding the Dynamics of the Coupled Climate Syst

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38

Machín, F., and J. L. Pelegrí. "Northward Penetration of Antarctic Intermediate Water off Northwest Africa." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 3 (2009): 512–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3825.1.

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Abstract In this article, historical and climatological datasets are used to investigate the seasonal northward propagation of Antarctic Intermediate Waters (AAIW) along the eastern margin of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. A cluster analysis for data north of 26°N shows the presence of a substantial number of hydrographic stations with AAIW characteristics that stretch northeast along the African slope. This water mass extends north during fall, as shown both through the comparison of actual and climatological data, and by applying a mixing analysis to normal-to-shore seasonal sections a

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Waugh, Darryn W., Andrew McC. Hogg, Paul Spence, Matthew H. England, and Thomas W. N. Haine. "Response of Southern Ocean Ventilation to Changes in Midlatitude Westerly Winds." Journal of Climate 32, no. 17 (2019): 5345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0039.1.

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ABSTRACT Changes in ventilation of the Southern Hemisphere oceans in response to changes in midlatitude westerly winds are examined by analyzing the ideal age tracer from global eddy-permitting ocean–ice model simulations in which there is an abrupt increase and/or a meridional shift in the winds. The age response in mode and intermediate waters is found to be close to linear; the response of a combined increase and shift of peak winds is similar to the sum of the individual responses to an increase and a shift. Further, a barotropic response, following Sverdrup balance, can explain much of th

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Beadling, R. L., J. L. Russell, R. J. Stouffer, and P. J. Goodman. "Evaluation of Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean Circulation in CMIP5 Models against the Observational Array at 26.5°N and Its Changes under Continued Warming." Journal of Climate 31, no. 23 (2018): 9697–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0845.1.

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Observationally based metrics derived from the Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) array are used to assess the large-scale ocean circulation in the subtropical North Atlantic simulated in a suite of fully coupled climate models that contributed to phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The modeled circulation at 26.5°N is decomposed into four components similar to those RAPID observes to estimate the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC): the northward-flowing western boundary current (WBC), the southward transport in the upper midocean, the near-surface Ekman tra

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Marchal, Olivier. "On the Observability of Oceanic Gyres." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 9 (2014): 2498–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0183.1.

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Abstract This study examines the observability of a stratified ocean in a square flat basin on a midlatitude beta plane. Here, “observability” means the ability to establish, in a finite interval of time, the time-dependent ocean state given density observations over the same interval and with no regard for errors. The dynamics is linearized and hydrostatic, so that the motion can be decomposed into normal modes and the observability analysis is simplified. An observability Gramian (a symmetric matrix) is determined for the flows in an inviscid interior, in frictional boundary layers, and in a

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Siedler, Gerold, Jürgen Holfort, Walter Zenk, Thomas J. Müller, and Tiberiu Csernok. "Deep-Water Flow in the Mariana and Caroline Basins*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 34, no. 3 (2004): 566–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2511.1.

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Abstract Two major water masses dominate the deep layers in the Mariana and Caroline Basins: the Lower Circumpolar Water (LCPW), arriving from the Southern Ocean along the slopes north of the Marshall Islands, and the North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW) reaching the region from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Hydrographic and moored observations and multibeam echosounding were performed in the East Mariana and the East Caroline Basins to detail watermass distributions and flow paths in the area. The LCPW enters the East Mariana Basin from the east. At about 13°N, however, in the southern part of t

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Wu, Yutian, and Tiffany A. Shaw. "The Impact of the Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation on the Tropopause." Journal of Climate 29, no. 24 (2016): 8689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0204.1.

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Abstract Previous studies have identified two important features of summertime thermodynamics: 1) a significant correlation between the low-level distribution of equivalent potential temperature and the potential temperature θ of the extratropical tropopause and 2) a northwestward shift of the maximum tropopause θ relative to the maximum low-level . Here, the authors hypothesize these two features occur because of the Asian monsoon circulation. The hypothesis is examined using a set of idealized prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) aquaplanet simulations. Simulations with a zonally symmetr

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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (January 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 01 (2021): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0121-0018-jpt.

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GOM Lease Sale Generates $121 Million in High Bids; Shell Offshore Takes Top Spot Regionwide US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Lease Sale 256 generated $120,868,274 in high bids for 93 tracts in federal waters. The sale on 18 November featured 14,862 unleased blocks covering 121,875 square miles. With $27,877,809 spanning 21 high bids, Shell Offshore Inc. took the top spot among 23 competing companies. A total of $135,558,336 was offered in 105 bids. Among the majors, Shell, Equinor, BP, and Chevron submitted some of the highest bids. Each company claimed high bids of over $17 million, signaling the GOM

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Li, Jianke, and Allan J. Clarke. "Interannual Sea Level Variations in the South Pacific from 5° to 28°S." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 12 (2007): 2882–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3656.1.

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Abstract Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon/Jason-1 satellite altimeter observations for the 11-yr period from January 1993 to December 2003 show that in the South Pacific Ocean most of the interannual sea level variability in the region 5°–28°S is west of 160°W. This interannual variability is largest from about 5° to 15°S and from 155°E to 160°W, reaching a root-mean-square value of over 11 cm. Calculations show that this interannual sea level signal can be described by first and second baroclinic vertical mode Rossby waves forced by the curl of the interannual Ekman transport. Thi

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Majumder, Sudip, and Claudia Schmid. "A study of the variability in the Benguela Current volume transport." Ocean Science 14, no. 2 (2018): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-14-273-2018.

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Abstract. The Benguela Current forms the eastern limb of the subtropical gyre in the South Atlantic and transports a blend of relatively fresh and cool Atlantic water and relatively warm and salty Indian Ocean water northwestward. Therefore, it plays an important role not only for the local freshwater and heat budgets but for the overall meridional heat and freshwater transport in the South Atlantic. Historically, the Benguela Current region is relatively data sparse, especially with respect to long-term velocity observations. A new three-dimensional data set of the horizontal velocity in the

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Duke, J. H. "Do periodic consolidations of Pacific countercurrents trigger global cooling by equatorially symmetric La Niña?" Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 3 (2010): 905–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-905-2010.

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Abstract. A sporadic phenomenon of internal tide resonance (ITR) in the western equatorial Pacific thermocline is shown to precede 11 of 12 major upturns in the Niño 3.4 index between 1992 and 2008. Observed ITR has up to 9 °C semidiurnal temperature excursions indicating thermocline heave, but is invisible in time resolution longer than one day. It is independent of westerly wind bursts (WWB). A hypothesis is advanced that (1) ITR dissipates vorticity, leading to Pacific countercurrent consolidation (PCC) by reducing the vortex stretching term in Sverdrup balance. The consequence of lost vort

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Clarke, Allan J., Stephen Van Gorder, and Giuseppe Colantuono. "Wind Stress Curl and ENSO Discharge/Recharge in the Equatorial Pacific." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 4 (2007): 1077–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3035.1.

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Abstract Discharge and recharge of the warm water volume (WWV) above the 20°C isotherm in an equatorial Pacific Ocean box extending across the Pacific from 156°E to the eastern ocean boundary between latitudes 5°S and 5°N are key variables in ENSO dynamics. A formula linking WWV anomalies, zonally integrated wind stress curl anomalies along the northern and southern edges of the box, and flow into the western end of the box is derived and tested using monthly data since 1993. Consistent with previous work, a WWV balance can only be achieved if the 20°C isotherm surface is not a material surfac

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Thomas, Leif N., and Callum J. Shakespeare. "A New Mechanism for Mode Water Formation involving Cabbeling and Frontogenetic Strain at Thermohaline Fronts." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 9 (2015): 2444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0007.1.

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AbstractA simple analytical model is used to elucidate a potential mechanism for steady-state mode water formation at a thermohaline front that involves frontogenesis, submesoscale lateral mixing, and cabbeling. This mechanism is motivated in part by recent observations of an extremely sharp, density-compensated front at the North Wall of the Gulf Stream. Here, the intergyre, along-isopycnal, salinity–temperature difference is compressed into a span of a few kilometers, making the flow susceptible to cabbeling. The sharpness of the front is caused by frontogenetic strain, which is presumably b

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Pickart, Robert S., Daniel J. Torres, and Paula S. Fratantoni. "The East Greenland Spill Jet*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 6 (2005): 1037–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2734.1.

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Abstract High-resolution hydrographic and velocity measurements across the East Greenland shelf break south of Denmark Strait have revealed an intense, narrow current banked against the upper continental slope. This is believed to be the result of dense water cascading over the shelf edge and entraining ambient water. The current has been named the East Greenland Spill Jet. It resides beneath the East Greenland/Irminger Current and transports roughly 2 Sverdrups of water equatorward. Strong vertical mixing occurs during the spilling, although the entrainment farther downstream is minimal. A vo

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