Journal articles: 'SW partitioning'

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Lin, Geng, Wenxing Zhu, and M. Montaz Ali. "A Tabu Search-Based Memetic Algorithm for Hardware/Software Partitioning." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/103059.

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Hardware/software (HW/SW) partitioning is to determine which components of a system are implemented on hardware and which ones on software. It is one of the most important steps in the design of embedded systems. The HW/SW partitioning problem is an NP-hard constrained binary optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a tabu search-based memetic algorithm to solve the HW/SW partitioning problem. First, we convert the constrained binary HW/SW problem into an unconstrained binary problem using an adaptive penalty function that has no parameters in it. A memetic algorithm is then suggested for solving this unconstrained problem. The algorithm uses a tabu search as its local search procedure. This tabu search has a special feature with respect to solution generation, and it uses a feedback mechanism for updating the tabu tenure. In addition, the algorithm integrates a path relinking procedure for exploitation of newly found solutions. Computational results are presented using a number of test instances from the literature. The algorithm proves its robustness when its results are compared with those of two other algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed parameter-free adaptive penalty function is also shown.

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Yan, Xiaohu, Fazhi He, Neng Hou, and Haojun Ai. "An Efficient Particle Swarm Optimization for Large-Scale Hardware/Software Co-Design System." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 27, no. 01 (March 2018): 1741001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843017410015.

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In the co-design process of hardware/software (HW/SW) system, especially for large and complicated embedded systems, HW/SW partitioning is a challenging step. Among different heuristic approaches, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has the advantages of simple implementation and computational efficiency, which is suitable for solving large-scale problems. This paper presents a conformity particle swarm optimization with fireworks explosion operation (CPSO-FEO) to solve large-scale HW/SW partitioning. First, the proposed CPSO algorithm simulates the conformist mentality from biology research. The CPSO particles with psychological conformist always try to move toward a secure point and avoid being attacked by natural enemy. In this way, there is a greater possibility to increase population diversity and avoid local optimum in CPSO. Next, to enhance the search accuracy and solution quality, an improved FEO with new initialization strategy is presented and is combined with CPSO algorithm to search a better position for the global best position. This combination can keep both the diversified and intensified searching. At last, the experiments on benchmarks and large-scale HW/SW partitioning demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

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Soininen, Juha-Pekka, Matti Sipola, and Kari Tiensyrjä. "SW/HW-partitioning of real-time embedded systems." Microprocessing and Microprogramming 27, no. 1-5 (August 1989): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(89)90053-7.

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FEBRY, RICARDO, and PETER LUTZ. "Energy Partitioning in Fish: The Activityrelated Cost of Osmoregulation in a Euryhaline Cichlid." Journal of Experimental Biology 128, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.128.1.63.

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We have investigated how the maintenance, net cost of swimming and total (maintenance + net cost of swimming) metabolic rates of red, hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus ♀ × O. hornorum ♂) responded to different acclimation salinities, and if these responses correlated with changes in ion-osmoregulation (= osmoregulation) costs. Three groups of fish were acclimated to either fresh water (FW, 0‰), isosmotic sea water (ISW, 12‰) or full strength sea water (SW, 35 ‰) and oxygen consumption was measured while they swam at 10, 20, 30 and 40cms-1. Maintenance oxygen consumption (estimated by extrapolation), for an average fish (63g), increased among groups in the following order: FW < ISW < SW. The net cost of swimming increased in the order ISW < SW < FW, and total oxygen consumption (maintenance + net cost of swimming) increased in the order ISW < FW < SW. We assumed that the contribution of cardiac, branchial and swimming muscles to the net cost of swimming was proportional to swimming speed only, and therefore, at similar speeds, differences in the net cost of swimming among salinities were due to changes in the activity-related cost of osmoregulation. Consequently, the order in which the net cost of swimming increases from one group to another is the same as the order in which the cost of osmoregulation increases. Since the sequences for maintenance and total metabolic rates differed from that for the net cost of swimming, salinity-related increases in these rates cannot be attributed exclusively to changes in osmoregulation cost. We conclude, based on the differences in the net cost of swimming, that osmoregulation in FW is more expensive than in SW, and that it is cheapest in ISW. Although we were not able to estimate the total cost of osmoregulation in FW and SW, we estimated the activity-related cost, relative to the cost in ISW, at different swimming speeds (net cost of swimming in FW or SW minus net cost of swimming in ISW at each speed). For a 63-g fish in FW, this cost increased from zero at rest, to 41mgO2kg−1h−1 (16% of the total metabolic rate, 24% of the net cost swimming) at 40 cms−1. In SW the same cost increased only to 32 mgO2 kg−1h−1 (12% of the total metabolic rate, 20% of the net cost of swimming) at 40cms−1. The net cost of swimming in FW or SW increased with swimming speed at a rate 3×4 times faster

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LU, Xiao-zhang, Wei LIU, and Yao-dong TAO. "Method of HW/SW partitioning based on NSGA-II." Journal of Computer Applications 29, no. 1 (June 25, 2009): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2009.238.

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Pérez-Cáceres, Irene, José Fernando Simancas, David Martínez Poyatos, Antonio Azor, and Francisco González Lodeiro. "Oblique collision and deformation partitioning in the SW Iberian Variscides." Solid Earth 7, no. 3 (May 30, 2016): 857–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-857-2016.

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Abstract. Different transpressional scenarios have been proposed to relate kinematics and complex deformation patterns. We apply the most suitable of them to the Variscan orogeny in SW Iberia, which is characterized by a number of successive left-lateral transpressional structures developed in the Devonian to Carboniferous period. These structures resulted from the oblique convergence between three continental terranes (Central Iberian Zone, Ossa-Morena Zone and South Portuguese Zone), whose amalgamation gave way to both intense shearing at the suture-like contacts and transpressional deformation of the continental pieces in-between, thus showing strain partitioning in space and time. We have quantified the kinematics of the collisional convergence by using the available data on folding, shearing and faulting patterns, as well as tectonic fabrics and finite strain measurements. Given the uncertainties regarding the data and the boundary conditions modeled, our results must be considered as a semi-quantitative approximation to the issue, though very significant from a regional point of view. The total collisional convergence surpasses 1000 km, most of them corresponding to left-lateral displacement parallel to terrane boundaries. The average vector of convergence is oriented E–W (present-day coordinates), thus reasserting the left-lateral oblique collision in SW Iberia, in contrast with the dextral component that prevailed elsewhere in the Variscan orogen. This particular kinematics of SW Iberia is understood in the context of an Avalonian plate salient currently represented by the South Portuguese Zone.

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Pérez-Cáceres, I., J. F. Simancas, D. Martínez Poyatos, A. Azor, and F. González Lodeiro. "Oblique collision and deformation partitioning in the SW Iberian Variscides." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 4 (December 9, 2015): 3773–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-3773-2015.

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Abstract. Different transpressional scenarios have been proposed to relate kinematics and complex deformation patterns. We apply the most suitable of them to the Variscan orogeny in SW Iberia, which is characterized by a number of successive left-lateral transpressional structures developed at Devonian to Carboniferous times. These structures resulted from the oblique convergence between three continental terranes (Central Iberian Zone, Ossa-Morena Zone and South Portuguese Zone), whose amalgamation gave way to both intense shearing at the suture-like contacts and transpressional deformation of the continental pieces in-between, thus showing strain partitioning in space and time. We have quantified the kinematics of the collisional convergence by using the available data on folding, shearing and faulting patterns, as well as tectonic fabrics and finite strain measurements. Given the uncertainties regarding the data and the boundary conditions modeled, our results must be considered as a semi-quantitative approximation to the issue, though very significant from a regional point of view. The total collisional convergence surpasses 1000 km, most of them corresponding to left-lateral displacement parallel to terrane boundaries. The average vector of convergence is oriented E–W (present-day coordinates), thus reasserting the left-lateral oblique collision in SW Iberia, in contrast with the dextral component that prevailed elsewhere in the Variscan orogen. This particular kinematics of SW Iberia is understood in the context of an Avalonian plate promontory currently represented by the South Portuguese Zone.

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Fuhr, Gereon, Seyit Halil Hamurcu, Diego Pala, Thomas Grass, Rainer Leupers, Gerd Ascheid, and Juan Fernando Eusse. "Automatic Energy-Minimized HW/SW Partitioning for FPGA-Accelerated MPSoCs." IEEE Embedded Systems Letters 11, no. 3 (September 2019): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/les.2019.2901224.

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Iguider, Adil, Kaouthar Bousselam, Oussama Elissati, Mouhcine Chami, and Abdeslam En-Nouaary. "GO Game Inspired Algorithm for Hardware Software Partitioning in Multiprocessor Embedded Systems." Computer and Information Science 12, no. 4 (November 22, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n4p111.

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The codesign is a robust methodology, used in modern embedded systems with the objective of achieving the functional specifications and meeting the non-functional requirements. The most interesting step in the codesing  is the process of  Hardware/Software Partitioning. The aim is to decide which functionalities of the system should be implemented in hardware ($HW$) or in software ($SW$). In this article, a new heuristic algorithm is proposed to simultaneously optimize the hardware area (cost) and the execution time (performance) of a multiprocessor system. The proposed algorithm is inspired from game theory and especially from the GO game. The system is modeled using the DAG graph (Data Acyclic Graph), and two players (HW player and SW player) play in turn and choose a block (functionality) from the graph (system). The HW player has the goal of optimizing the global HW area while the SW player has the objective of minimizing the global execution time. After the game termination, and based on the 0-1 Knapsack algorithm, a step of refinement is used to meet the constraint on the total hardware area or on the overall execution time if a constraint is pre-defined. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm gives better solutions compared to the Simulated Annealing algorithm and the Genetic Algorithm.

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Jia, Huizhu, Peng Zhang, Don Xie, and Wen Gao. "An AVS HDTV video decoder architecture employing efficient HW/SW partitioning." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 52, no. 4 (November 2006): 1447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2006.273169.

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11

Santos, M. J., B. M. Pinto, and M. Santos-Reis. "Trophic niche partitioning between two native and two exotic carnivores in SW Portugal." Web Ecology 7, no. 1 (May 30, 2007): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-7-53-2007.

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Abstract. The introduction of exotic species is one of the most pervasive consequences of the increased human mobility. The most known negative effects are the decrease or extinction of natives. The common-genet, Genetta genetta, and the Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon, were introduced in the Iberian Peninsula in the 15th and 19th centuries, respectively. The competitive exclusion principle defines that two ecologically similar species cannot coexist. Thus, some degree of partitioning has to occur in species realized niche, which can occur at the trophic level. To test this hypothesis of partitioning we compared the diet of these two exotic species with that of two native species (stone marten, Martes foina, and red fox, Vulpes vulpes). The results show a high degree of overlap (>45%) between the diets of species similar in their feeding strategies (arboreal and ground feeding). Nonetheless, at the finer scale of prey consumed at the species level some differences are found between the native and exotic species. These results suggest that if coexistence is due to trophic niche partitioning it only occurs at the level of the consumed species. However, coexistence may also be due to a combination of different strategies (home-range size, time and space use) that structured the different realized niches of each species.

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Angadi, S. V., and M. H. Entz. "Agronomic performance of different stature sunflower cultivars under different levels of interplant competition." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-056.

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Early-maturing, short-stature sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars improve the adaptability of sunflower to the short growing season of western Canada. However, the agronomic potential of the recently developed dwarf cultivars in comparison to standard-height sunflower is yet to be understood. Multi-environment field studies, consisting of space-planted trials, where interplant competition was low, and agronomy trials, where plants were grown at commercial population densities, were conducted in southern Manitoba to compare the yield formation of dwarf hybrids (sunwheats; SW-101 and SW-103), and dwarf open-pollinated c ultivars (sunola; Aurora and Sierra) with that of standard-height cultivars (IS-6111 and SF-187). In space-planted trials, dry matter (DM) accumulation and water use efficiency for dry matter production (WUEDM) decreased as plant height decreased. In agronomy trials, differences in DM and WUEDM among the different height classes were masked. The diversion of assimilate from stem to head depended on the genetic background, while the efficiency of utilising assimilate in the head for seed production was lower in dwarf cultivars. Only one of the four dwarf cultivars (SW-103) displayed a higher harvest index than IS-6111. Higher seed yield for the standard-height cultivar, IS-6111, and the dwarf open-pollinated cultivar, Aurora, compared to other cultivars was attributed to both greater DM and improved DM partitioning. However, variations observed among the dwarf cultivars for DM accumulation and partitioning revealed that the dwarfing gene was not a limiting factor for breeding a dwarf sunflower cultivar with better partitioning of DM along with better yield potential. Key words: Dwarf sunflower, Sunola, seed yield, biomass, water use efficiency

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Tang, Qi, Biao Guo, and Zhe Wang. "Sw/Hw Partitioning and Scheduling on Region-Based Dynamic Partial Reconfigurable System-on-Chip." Electronics 9, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091362.

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A heterogeneous system-on-chip (SoC) integrates multiple types of processors on the same chip. It has great advantages in many aspects, such as processing capacity, size, weight, cost, power, and energy consumption, which result in it being widely adopted in many fields. The SoC based on region-based dynamic partial reconfigurable (DPR) FPGA plays an important role in the SoC field. However, delivering its powerful capacity to the consumer depends on the efficient Sw/Hw partitioning and scheduling technology that determines the resource volume of the DPR region, the mapping of the application to the DPR region and other processors, and the schedule of the task and its reconfiguration. This paper first proposes an exact approach based on the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) for the Sw/Hw partitioning and scheduling problem. The proposed MILP is able to solve the problem optimally; however, its scalability is poor, despite that we carefully designed its formulation and tried to make it as concise as possible. Therefore, a multi-step hybrid method that combines graph partitioning and MILP is proposed, which is able to reduce the time complexity significantly with the solution quality being degraded marginally. A set of experiments is carried out using a set of real-life applications, and the result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

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Shi, Wenjun, Jigang Wu, Guiyuan Jiang, and Siew-kei Lam. "Multiple-Choice Hardware/Software Partitioning for Tree Task-Graph on MPSoC." Computer Journal 63, no. 5 (February 23, 2019): 688–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxy140.

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Abstract Hardware/software (HW/SW) partitioning, that decides which components of an application are implemented in hardware and which ones in software, is a crucial step in embedded system design. On modern heterogeneous embedded system platform, each component of application can typically have multiple feasible configurations/implementations, trading off quality aspects (e.g. energy consumption, completion time) with usage for various types of resources. This provides new opportunities for further improving the overall system performance, but few works explore the potential opportunity by incorporating the multiple choices of hardware implementation in the partitioning process. This paper proposes three algorithms for multiple-choice HW/SW partitioning of tree-shape task graph on multiple processors system on chip (MPSoC) with the objective of minimizing execution time, while meeting area constraint. Firstly, an efficient heuristic algorithm is proposed to rapidly generate an approximate solution. The obtained solution produced by the first algorithm is then further refined by a customized Tabu search algorithm. We also propose a dynamic programming algorithm to calculate the exact solutions for relatively smaller scale instances. Simulation results show that the proposed heuristic algorithm is able to quickly generate good approximate solutions, and the solutions become very close to the exact solutions after refined by the proposed Tabu search algorithm, in comparison to the exact solutions produced by the dynamic programming algorithm.

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COJA-OGHLAN, AMIN. "Graph Partitioning via Adaptive Spectral Techniques." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 19, no. 2 (November 13, 2009): 227–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548309990514.

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In this paper we study the use of spectral techniques for graph partitioning. Let G = (V, E) be a graph whose vertex set has a ‘latent’ partition V1,. . ., Vk. Moreover, consider a ‘density matrix’ Ɛ = (Ɛvw)v, sw∈V such that, for v ∈ Vi and w ∈ Vj, the entry Ɛvw is the fraction of all possible Vi−Vj-edges that are actually present in G. We show that on input (G, k) the partition V1,. . ., Vk can (very nearly) be recovered in polynomial time via spectral methods, provided that the following holds: Ɛ approximates the adjacency matrix of G in the operator norm, for vertices v ∈ Vi, w ∈ Vj ≠ Vi the corresponding column vectors Ɛv, Ɛw are separated, and G is sufficiently ‘regular’ with respect to the matrix Ɛ. This result in particular applies to sparse graphs with bounded average degree as n = #V → ∞, and it has various consequences on partitioning random graphs.

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Tmar, H., J. Ph Diguet, A. Azzedine, M. Abid, and J. L. Philippe. "RTDT: A static QoS manager, RT scheduling, HW/SW partitioning CAD tool." Microelectronics Journal 37, no. 11 (November 2006): 1208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2006.07.028.

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Zelinka, Mark D., Stephen A. Klein, and Dennis L. Hartmann. "Computing and Partitioning Cloud Feedbacks Using Cloud Property Histograms. Part I: Cloud Radiative Kernels." Journal of Climate 25, no. 11 (June 2012): 3715–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00248.1.

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This study proposes a novel technique for computing cloud feedbacks using histograms of cloud fraction as a joint function of cloud-top pressure (CTP) and optical depth (τ). These histograms were generated by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) simulator that was incorporated into doubled-CO2 simulations from 11 global climate models in the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project. The authors use a radiative transfer model to compute top of atmosphere flux sensitivities to cloud fraction perturbations in each bin of the histogram for each month and latitude. Multiplying these cloud radiative kernels with histograms of modeled cloud fraction changes at each grid point per unit of global warming produces an estimate of cloud feedback. Spatial structures and globally integrated cloud feedbacks computed in this manner agree remarkably well with the adjusted change in cloud radiative forcing. The global and annual mean model-simulated cloud feedback is dominated by contributions from medium thickness (3.6 < τ ≤ 23) cloud changes, but thick (τ > 23) cloud changes cause the rapid transition of cloud feedback values from positive in midlatitudes to negative poleward of 50°S and 70°N. High (CTP ≤ 440 hPa) cloud changes are the dominant contributor to longwave (LW) cloud feedback, but because their LW and shortwave (SW) impacts are in opposition, they contribute less to the net cloud feedback than do the positive contributions from low (CTP > 680 hPa) cloud changes. Midlevel (440 < CTP ≤ 680 hPa) cloud changes cause positive SW cloud feedbacks that are 80% as large as those due to low clouds. Finally, high cloud changes induce wider ranges of LW and SW cloud feedbacks across models than do low clouds.

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Banerjee, Sudarshan, Elaheh Bozorgzadeh, and Nikil D. Dutt. "Integrating Physical Constraints in HW-SW Partitioning for Architectures With Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 14, no. 11 (November 2006): 1189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2006.886411.

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Quinn, Heather, Miriam Leeser, and Laurie Smith King. "Dynamo: a runtime partitioning system for FPGA-based HW/SW image processing systems." Journal of Real-Time Image Processing 2, no. 4 (November 6, 2007): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11554-007-0050-0.

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Zelinka, Mark D., Stephen A. Klein, and Dennis L. Hartmann. "Computing and Partitioning Cloud Feedbacks Using Cloud Property Histograms. Part II: Attribution to Changes in Cloud Amount, Altitude, and Optical Depth." Journal of Climate 25, no. 11 (June 2012): 3736–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00249.1.

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Cloud radiative kernels and histograms of cloud fraction, both as functions of cloud-top pressure and optical depth, are used to quantify cloud amount, altitude, and optical depth feedbacks. The analysis is applied to doubled-CO2 simulations from 11 global climate models in the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project. Global, annual, and ensemble mean longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) cloud feedbacks are positive, with the latter nearly twice as large as the former. The robust increase in cloud-top altitude in both the tropics and extratropics is the dominant contributor to the positive LW cloud feedback. The negative impact of reductions in cloud amount offsets more than half of the positive impact of rising clouds on LW cloud feedback, but the magnitude of compensation varies considerably across the models. In contrast, robust reductions in cloud amount make a large and virtually unopposed positive contribution to SW cloud feedback, though the intermodel spread is greater than for any other individual feedback component. Overall reductions in cloud amount have twice as large an impact on SW fluxes as on LW fluxes, such that the net cloud amount feedback is moderately positive, with no models exhibiting a negative value. As a consequence of large but partially offsetting effects of cloud amount reductions on LW and SW feedbacks, both the mean and intermodel spread in net cloud amount feedback are smaller than those of the net cloud altitude feedback. Finally, the study finds that the large negative cloud feedback at high latitudes results from robust increases in cloud optical depth, not from increases in total cloud amount as is commonly assumed.

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Ben Haj Hassine, Siwar, Mehdi Jemai, and Bouraoui Ouni. "Power and Execution Time Optimization through Hardware Software Partitioning Algorithm for Core Based Embedded System." Journal of Optimization 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8624021.

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Shortening the marketing cycle of the product and accelerating its development efficiency have become a vital concern in the field of embedded system design. Therefore, hardware/software partitioning has become one of the mainstream technologies of embedded system development since it affects the overall system performance. Given today’s largest requirement for great efficiency necessarily accompanied by high speed, our new algorithm presents the best version that can meet such unpreceded levels. In fact, we describe in this paper an algorithm that is based on HW/SW partitioning which aims to find the best tradeoff between power and latency of a system taking into consideration the dark silicon problem. Moreover, it has been tested and has shown its efficiency compared to other existing heuristic well-known algorithms which are Simulated Annealing, Tabu search, and Genetic algorithms.

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Adeluyi, Olufemi, and Jeong-A. Lee. "CHARMS: A Mapping Heuristic to Explore an Optimal Partitioning in HW/SW Co-Design." Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2010.15.9.001.

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Wei, Guoxiao, Xiaoying Zhang, Ming Ye, Ning Yue, and Fei Kan. "Bayesian performance evaluation of evapotranspiration models based on eddy covariance systems in an arid region." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 7 (July 10, 2019): 2877–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2877-2019.

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Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the land surface process involved in energy fluxes and energy balance, especially in the hydrological cycle of agricultural ecosystems. While many models have been developed as powerful tools to simulate ET, there is no agreement on which model best describes the loss of water to the atmosphere. This study focuses on two aspects, evaluating the performance of four widely used ET models and identifying parameters, and the physical mechanisms that have significant impacts on the model performance. The four tested models are the Shuttleworth–Wallace (SW) model, Penman–Monteith (PM) model, Priestley–Taylor and Flint–Childs (PT–FC) model, and advection–aridity (AA) model. By incorporating the mathematically rigorous thermodynamic integration algorithm, the Bayesian model evidence (BME) approach is adopted to select the optimal model with half-hourly ET observations obtained at a spring maize field in an arid region. Our results reveal that the SW model has the best performance, and the extinction coefficient is not merely partitioning the total available energy into the canopy and surface but also including the energy imbalance correction. The extinction coefficient is well constrained in the SW model and poorly constrained in the PM model but not considered in PT–FC and AA models. This is one of the main reasons that the SW model outperforms the other models. Meanwhile, the good fitting of SW model to observations can counterbalance its higher complexity. In addition, the detailed analysis of the discrepancies between observations and model simulations during the crop growth season indicate that explicit treatment of energy imbalance and energy interaction will be the primary way of further improving ET model performance.

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Forghani, Giti, Farid Moore, and Afshin Qishlaqi. "The Concentration and Partitioning of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of the Maharlu Lake, SW Iran." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 21, no. 7 (October 2012): 872–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2012.697935.

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Liu, LeiBo, YingJie Chen, ShouYi Yin, Li Zhou, Hang Yuan, and ShaoJun Wei. "Implementation of AVS Jizhun decoder with HW/SW partitioning on a coarse-grained reconfigurable multimedia system." Science China Information Sciences 57, no. 8 (July 16, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-013-4979-2.

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Skyttä, Pietari, Markku Väisänen, and Irmeli Mänttäri. "Preservation of Palaeoproterozoic early Svecofennian structures in the Orijärvi area, SW Finland—Evidence for polyphase strain partitioning." Precambrian Research 150, no. 3-4 (November 2006): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2006.07.005.

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Guo, Zhongfu, Xingming Zhang, and Bo Zhao. "A Memory-Reinforced Tabu Search Algorithm With Critical Path Awareness for HW/SW Partitioning on Reconfigurable MPSoCs." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 112448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2934390.

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Göllner, Paul Leon, Jan Oliver Eisermann, Catalina Balbis, Ivan A. Petrinovic, and Ulrich Riller. "Kinematic partitioning in the Southern Andes (39° S–46° S) inferred from lineament analysis and reassessment of exhumation rates." International Journal of Earth Sciences 110, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 2385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02068-y.

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AbstractThe Southern Andes are often viewed as a classic example for kinematic partitioning of oblique plate convergence into components of continental margin-parallel strike-slip and transverse shortening. In this regard, the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone, one of Earth’s most prominent intra-arc deformation zones, is believed to be the most important crustal discontinuity in the Southern Andes taking up margin-parallel dextral strike-slip. Recent structural studies, however, are at odds with this simple concept of kinematic partitioning, due to the presence of margin-oblique and a number of other margin-parallel intra-arc deformation zones. However, knowledge on the extent of such zones in the Southern Andes is still limited. Here, we document traces of prominent structural discontinuities (lineaments) from the Southern Andes between 39° S and 46° S. In combination with compiled low-temperature thermochronology data and interpolation of respective exhumation rates, we revisit the issue of kinematic partitioning in the Southern Andes. Exhumation rates are maximal in the central parts of the orogen and discontinuity traces, trending predominantly N–S, WNW–ESE and NE–SW, are distributed across the entire width of the orogen. Notably, discontinuities coincide spatially with large gradients in Neogene exhumation rates and separate crustal domains characterized by uniform exhumation. Collectively, these relationships point to significant components of vertical displacement on these discontinuities, in addition to horizontal displacements known from published structural studies. Our results agree with previously documented Neogene shortening in the Southern Andes and indicate orogen-scale transpression with maximal vertical extrusion of rocks in the center of the transpression zone. The lineament and thermochronology data call into question the traditional view of kinematic partitioning in the Southern Andes, in which deformation is focused on the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone.

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Cochelin, Bryan, Dominique Chardon, Yoann Denèle, Charles Gumiaux, and Benjamin Le Bayon. "Vertical strain partitioning in hot Variscan crust: Syn-convergence escape of the Pyrenees in the Iberian-Armorican syntax." Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 188, no. 6 (2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2017206.

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A new structural map of the Paleozoic crust of the Pyrenees based on an extensive compilation and new kinematic data allows for the evaluation of the mechanical coupling between the upper and lower crust of the abnormally hot foreland of the Variscan orogen of SW Europe. We document partitioning between coeval lower crustal lateral flow and upper crustal thickening between 310 and 290 Ma under an overall dextral transpressive regime. Partitioning also involved syn-convergence transtensional gneiss domes emplacement during this period. Late orogen-normal shortening of the domes and strain localization in steep crustal-scale transpressive shear zones reflects increasing coupling between the lower crust and the upper crust. The combination of dextral transpression and eastward flow in the Pyrenees results from the shortening and lateral escape of a hot buoyant crust along the inner northern limb of the closing Cantabrian orocline at the core of the Iberian-Armorican arc between ca. 305 and 295 Ma. Delamination or thermal erosion of the lithosphere enhanced orocline closure and explains (1) the switch from crust- to mantle-derived magmatism in the Iberian-Armorican arc and (2) the abnormally hot and soft character of the Pyrenean crust that escaped the closing syntax.

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Deuel, L. E., and G. H. Holliday. "Geochemical Partitioning of Metals in Spent Drilling Fluid Solids." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795037.

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Metals in oil and gas fluids have been of concern to the environmental and industrial communities since 1976. As a result, metals in 31 spent drilling fluids representative of the major oil and gas production provinces in the Continental United States, were fractionated into exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual forms using a sequential extraction (summation of fractions) technique. Bioavailability and mobility of metals in solid matrices follow in sequence of the operational defined fractions with chemical reactivity decreasing in the order of exchangeable > bound to carbonate > bound to Fe-Mn oxide > bound to organic matter > residual fractions. Metals evaluated in this study include arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and zinc. The summation of fractions was compared to independent total metals analysis using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) SW-846 Method 3050 digest procedure to evaluate metal recoveries. No difference was observed in the summation of fractions and EPA Method 3050 total metal values for arsenic, barium, and cadmium. EPA Method 3050 digest was about 28 percent lower in chromium, and about 19 percent lower in lead and 16 percent lower in zinc than the total by summation of fractions. Almost all of the barium (95.6 percent) was recovered in the residual fraction. Arsenic was recovered primarily in the residual fraction (74.3 percent) and the Fe-Mn oxide fraction (16.1 percent). The highest quantity of cadmium was recovered in the residual fraction (43.3 percent), followed by the bound to organic (27.9 percent), and bound to Fe-Mn oxide (21.1 percent) fractions. Chromium was observed primarily in the residual (40.4 percent) and bound to Fe-Mn oxide (34 percent) fractions. Lead was distributed primarily in the bound to Fe-Mn oxide (49.3 percent), and residual (27 percent) fractions. Zinc was almost equally distributed in the bound to organic (36.2 percent), and bound to Fe-Mn oxide (33.1 percent) fractions. Cadmium (3.9 percent) and arsenic (2.7 percent) were the only metals with an exchangeable fraction >1 percent of the total. Low total and/or low exchangeable metal concentrations ultimately control the bioavailability and mobility of metals in spent drilling solids and limit the potential for an adverse impact on the environment.

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31

Hierro, A., M. Olías, C. R. Cánovas, J. E. Martín, and J. P. Bolivar. "Trace metal partitioning over a tidal cycle in an estuary affected by acid mine drainage (Tinto estuary, SW Spain)." Science of The Total Environment 497-498 (November 2014): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.070.

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32

Chopin, E. I. B., and B. J. Alloway. "Trace element partitioning and soil particle characterisation around mining and smelting areas at Tharsis, Ríotinto and Huelva, SW Spain." Science of The Total Environment 373, no. 2-3 (February 2007): 488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.037.

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33

Hou, Neng, Fazhi He, Yi Zhou, Yilin Chen, and Xiaohu Yan. "A Parallel Genetic Algorithm With Dispersion Correction for HW/SW Partitioning on Multi-Core CPU and Many-Core GPU." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 883–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2776295.

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34

Gomez, F., T. Nemer, C. Tabet, M. Khawlie, M. Meghraoui, and M. Barazangi. "Strain partitioning of active transpression within the Lebanese restraining bend of the Dead Sea Fault (Lebanon and SW Syria)." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 290, no. 1 (2007): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/290.10.

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35

Lal, L. S., E. L. Chang, L. Franzini, R. B. Arbuckle, L. Miller, L. G. Reasonda, C. Feng, and J. M. Swint. "Cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized study with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone versus SRS plus whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for patients with brain metastasis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 6624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6624.

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6624 Background: This paper illustrates the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and cost-utility comparison of SRS alone versus SRS plus WBRT for brain metastasis. Methods: A decision analysis model, including subsequent treatment for recurrences, was developed and populated with data from patients randomized to either SRS alone (SA) versus SRS plus WBRT (SW), using costs from the healthcare institution perspective and outcomes based on actual life years saved (LYS) and quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs). Utilities were captured through a time-trade -off methodology, utilizing three time horizons: 10 years, 5 years, and 1 year. Tornado diagrams and one-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine robustness of the model. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included in the final analysis, with 31 patients in the SA arm and 27 patients in the SW arm. The average cost of the SA arm is $119,000 versus $74,000 for the SW arm. The average effectiveness for the SA arm was 1.64 LYS versus 0.60 LYS for the SW arm. The ICER for total costs per LYS and QALYs were: $43,986 per LYS; $42,136 per QALY (10year); $43, 719 per QALY (5year); $44,686 (1year) for the SA arm. The surgical cost per LYS was $7,131 for the SA arm, and the radiation cost per LYS analysis was dominated. Tornado diagrams revealed that the following variables had the highest impact on the ICER: probability of being alive with SA in recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class 2 and no recurrence; probability of no recurrence in RPA class 2 with SA; probability of being alive with SA in RPA class 2 and being treated for recurrence; probability of no recurrence in RPA class 1 with SA; and probability of being alive with no recurrence in RPA class 1 with SA. One-way sensitivity analysis exhibited a wide range variation for the first three of the above mentioned probabilities, with the final two having less variation. Conclusions: Compared to other interventions in the $50,000 to $100,000 per QALY cost-effectiveness range from an economic perspective, the application of SA, with subsequent surgical management of recurrences, is shown to be a reasonable treatment modality for brain metastasis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Kayal, SI, and DW Connell. "Partitioning of unsubstituted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons between surface sediments and the water column in the Brisbane River Estuary." Marine and Freshwater Research 41, no. 4 (1990): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9900443.

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In all, 23 sediment samples and 8 water column samples from the Brisbane River estuary, Queensland, Australia, were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in order to assess the field partitioning behaviour of these hydrocarbons. Twelve PAHs, ranging in molecular weight from naphthalene to benzo[a]pyrene, were identified and quantified. Their partition coefficients, indexed to sediment organic carbon and lipid content, were calculated after filtering to remove particulates and making a calculated adjustment for colloids, or organic matter, in the water phase. In logarithmic form, the partition coefficients were related to the physico-chemical properties of the compounds (Kow, Sw, RRT) by relationships having a parabolic shape rather than being linear. However, compounds with log Kow values of less than 5.5 gave linear relationships comparable to, but distinctly different from, those obtained from laboratory experiments. It is suggested that field conditions have distinctive differences from laboratory experiments that do not allow the direct translation of laboratory-based relationships to the natural aquatic environment.

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37

Viégas, Ricardo Almeida, Maria José Martins Fausto, José Elenildo Queiroz, Iza Marineves Almeida Rocha, Joaquim Albenísio Gomes Silveira, and Pedro Roberto Almeida Viégas. "Growth and total-N content of Prosopis juliflora (SW) D. C. are stimulated by low NaCl levels." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 16, no. 1 (April 2004): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202004000100009.

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In this study the early effects of salinity on growth, total N and ion accumulation and partitioning in Prosopis juliflora (common name algaroba) were studied with 30-day-old plants grown for 8 days in aerated nutrient solution (NS) free of (control) or supplied with 25, 50, 75 and 100 mmol.L-1 NaCl. Plants grown in 25 and 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl accumulated a total dry mass (DM) and shoot N content greater than the control. However, at 75 and 100 mmol.L-1 NaCl such parameters were diminished. Whole plant transpiration rates were higher with 25 and 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl and lower with 75 and 100 mmol.L-1 NaCl. Salinity did not influence shoot (80%) and root (70%) water content (WC) but reduced the K+ content of shoot while that of root was not affected. Increasing external NaCl concentrations increased K+/Na+ ratios of both plant parts. The data support the hypothesis that increase in transpiration rates and in shoot total N may account for growth stimulation of algaroba under mild salinity.

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38

Gutscher, Marc-André. "An Andean model of interplate coupling and strain partitioning applied to the flat subduction zone of SW Japan (Nankai Trough)." Tectonophysics 333, no. 1-2 (April 2001): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(00)00269-9.

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39

Varela, José Luis, Joan Miquel Sorell, Raúl Laiz-Carrión, Ignacio Baro, Amaya Uriarte, David Macías, and Antonio Medina. "Stomach content and stable isotope analyses reveal resource partitioning between juvenile bluefin tuna and Atlantic bonito in Alboran (SW Mediterranean)." Fisheries Research 215 (July 2019): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.03.017.

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40

Hasan, MT, and AC Deb. "Detection of Epistasis and Genetic Parameters of Some Quantitative Traits Through Triple Test Cross Analysis in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54092.

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Triple test cross analysis was carried out to detect the epistasis of thirteen yield and yield components in five chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crosses. Total epistatic effect was found to be non-significant for all the studied traits. Partitioning of total epistasis indicated the involvement of ‘i’ type (additive × additive) epistasis for DFF, PHFF, PWH, NPd/P, PdW/P, NS/P and SW/P in cross-1; NPBFF and NSBFF in cross-3 and for PHFF, DMF, PHMF and NSBMF in cross-5. The magnitude of additive component (D) was higher than that of the dominance component (H). Partial degree of dominance (√H/D) was observed for most of the traits. Both broad (h2b) and narrow (h2n) sense heritability were found to be moderately high. Positive and significant correlation between sums and differences indicated the direction of dominance towards decreasing parents and vice-versa. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 351-358, 2021 (June)

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41

Liu, Wen Jie, Wen Yao Liu, Jin Tao Li, Zhe Wen Wu, and Hong Mei Li. "Isotope variations of throughfall, stemflow and soil water in a tropical rain forest and a rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna, SW China." Hydrology Research 39, no. 5-6 (October 1, 2008): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2008.110.

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To assess the influence of vegetation structure on the isotopic composition of rainwater input during its passage through the canopy, rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and soil water were collected at a tropical seasonal rain forest (TSRF) stand and a rubber plantation (RP) stand for stable isotopic analysis during the 3 year period 2002–2004. The result clearly shows that the rainfall partitioning and the isotopic composition of throughfall, stemflow and soil water were strongly influenced by the forest canopy structure. Although the differences of overall mean isotopic composition of throughfall and stemflow between the two forests were small and not significantly different (P>0.05), greater differences were found when only light rain events (≤10 mm) were taken into consideration. During the dry season, the enriched isotopic composition and the smaller slope of the regression line of δ18O versus δD for soil water in the TSRF is not an indication that it lost significant water by evaporation, but a mixture of enriched fog drip, throughfall and stemflow. However, the soil in the RP stand showed significant evaporation. During the rainy season, the soil water for both stands did not appear to display considerable evaporation effects.

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42

Vanardois, Jonas, Pierre Trap, Philippe Goncalves, Didier Marquer, Josselin Gremmel, Guillaume Siron, and Thierry Baudin. "Kinematics, deformation partitioning and late Variscan magmatism in the Agly massif, Eastern Pyrenees, France." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 191 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020009.

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In order to constrain the finite deformation pattern of the Variscan basement of the Agly massif, a detailed structural analysis over the whole Agly massif was performed. Our investigation combined geological mapping, reappraisal of published and unpublished data completed with our own structural work. Results are provided in the form of new tectonic maps and series of regional cross-sections through the Agly massif. At variance from previous studies, we identified three deformation fabrics named D1, D2 and D3. The D1 deformation is only relictual and characterized by a broadly northwest-southeast striking and eastward dipping foliation without any clear mineral and stretching lineation direction. D1 might be attributed to thickening of the Variscan crust in a possible orogenic plateau edge position. The D2 deformation is a heterogeneous non-coaxial deformation, affecting the whole massif, that produced a shallowly dipping S2 foliation, and an anastomosed network of C2 shear zones that accommodated vertical thinning and N20 directed extension. D2 is coeval with LP-HT metamorphism and plutonism at ca. 315–295 Ma. D2 corresponds to the extensional collapse of the partially molten orogenic crust in a global dextral strike-slip at the scale of the whole Variscan belt. The D2 fabrics are folded and steepened along a D3 east-west trending corridor, called Tournefort Deformation Zone (TDZ), where the Saint-Arnac and Tournefort intrusives and surrounding rocks share the same NE-SW to E-W subvertical S3 foliation. Along the D3 corridor, the asymmetrical schistosity pattern and kinematic criteria suggest a D3 dextral kinematics. The D3 deformation is a record of E-W striking dextral shearing that facilitated and localized the ascent and emplacement of the diorite and granitic sheet-shaped plutons. D3 outlasted D2 and turned compressional-dominated in response to the closure of the Ibero-Armorican arc in a transpressional regime. The progressive switch from D2 thinning to D3 transpression is attributed to the lessening of gravitational forces at an advanced stage of extensional collapse that became overcome by ongoing compressional tectonic forces at the southern edge of the Variscan orogenic plateau.

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O'Donnell, D., K. Tsigaridis, and J. Feichter. "Estimating the direct and indirect effects of secondary organic aerosols using ECHAM5-HAM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 16 (August 25, 2011): 8635–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8635-2011.

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been introduced into the global climate-aerosol model ECHAM5/HAM. The SOA module handles aerosols originating from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. The model simulates the emission of precursor gases, their chemical conversion into condensable gases, the partitioning of semi-volatile condenable species into the gas and aerosol phases. As ECHAM5/HAM is a size-resolved model, a new method that permits the calculation of partitioning of semi-volatile species between different size classes is introduced. We compare results of modelled organic aerosol concentrations against measurements from extensive measurement networks in Europe and the United States, running the model with and without SOA. We also compare modelled aerosol optical depth against measurements from the AERONET network of grond stations. We find that SOA improves agreement between model and measurements in both organic aerosol mass and aerosol optical depth, but does not fully correct the low bias that is present in the model for both of these quantities. Although many models now include SOA, any overall estimate of the direct and indirect effects of these aerosols is still lacking. This paper makes a first step in that direction. The model is applied to estimate the direct and indirect effects of SOA under simulated year 2000 conditions. The modelled SOA spatial distribution indicates that SOA is likely to be an important source of free and upper tropospheric aerosol. We find a negative shortwave (SW) forcing from the direct effect, amounting to −0.31 Wm−2 on the global annual mean. In contrast, the model indicates a positive indirect effect of SOA of +0.23 Wm−2, arising from the enlargement of particles due to condensation of SOA, together with an enhanced coagulation sink of small particles. In the longwave, model results are a direct effect of +0.02 Wm−2 and an indirect effect of −0.03 Wm−2.

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Torremans, Koen, Philippe Muchez, and Manuel Sintubin. "Non-cylindrical parasitic folding and strain partitioning during the Pan-African Lufilian orogeny in the Chambishi–Nkana Basin, Central African Copperbelt." Solid Earth 9, no. 4 (August 10, 2018): 1011–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1011-2018.

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Abstract. A structural analysis has been carried out along the south-east margin of the Chambishi–Nkana Basin in the Central African Copperbelt, hosting the world-class copper and cobalt (Cu–Co) Nkana orebody. The geometrically complex structural architecture is interpreted to have been generated during a single NE–SW-oriented compressional event, clearly linked to the Pan-African Lufilian orogeny. This progressive deformation resulted primarily in asymmetric multiscale parasitic fold assemblages, characterised by non-cylindrical NW–SE-oriented periclinal folds that strongly interfere laterally, leading to fold linkage and bifurcation. The vergence and amplitude of these folds consistently reflect their position along an inclined limb of a NW-plunging megascale first-order fold. A clear relation is observed between the intensity of parasitic folding and the degree of shale content in the Copperbelt Orebody Member (COM), which hosts most of the ore. Differences in fold amplitude, wavelength and shape are explained by changes in mechanical stratigraphy caused by lateral lithofacies variation in ore-bearing horizons. In addition, strong differences in strain partitioning occur within the deforming basin, which is interpreted to be in part controlled by changes in mechanical anisotropy in the layered rock package. This work provides an essential backdrop to understand the influence of the Lufilian orogeny on metal mineralisation and (re-)mobilisation in the Copperbelt.

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Manglik, R. M., and A. E. Bergles. "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for Twisted-Tape Inserts in Isothermal Tubes: Part I—Laminar Flows." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911383.

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Laminar flow correlations for f and Num are developed based on experimental data for water and ethylene glycol, with tape inserts of three different twist ratios. The uniform wall temperature condition is considered, which typifies practical heat exchangers in the chemical and process industry. These and other available data are analyzed to devise flow regime maps that characterize twisted-tape effects in terms of the dominant enhancement mechanisms. Depending upon flow rates and tape geometry, the enhancement in heat transfer is due to the tube partitioning and flow blockage, longer flow path, and secondary fluid circulation; fin effects are found to be negligible in snug- to loose-fitting tapes. The onset of swirl flow and its intensity is determined by a swirl parameter, Sw=Resw/y, that defines the interaction between viscous, convective inertia, and centrifugal forces. Buoyancy-driven free convection that comes into play at low flow rates with large y and ΔTw is shown to scale as Gr/Sw2≫ 1. These parameters, along with numerical baseline solutions for laminar flows with y = ∞, are incorporated into correlations for f and Num by matching the appropriate asymptotic behavior. The correlations describe the experimental data within ±10 to 15 percent, and their generalized applicability is verified by the comparison of predictions with previously published data.

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46

Leon, Vasileios, George Lentaris, Evangelos Petrongonas, Dimitrios Soudris, Gianluca Furano, Antonis Tavoularis, and David Moloney. "Improving Performance-Power-Programmability in Space Avionics with Edge Devices: VBN on Myriad2 SoC." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, no. 3 (April 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3440885.

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The advent of powerful edge devices and AI algorithms has already revolutionized many terrestrial applications; however, for both technical and historical reasons, the space industry is still striving to adopt these key enabling technologies in new mission concepts. In this context, the current work evaluates an heterogeneous multi-core system-on-chip processor for use on-board future spacecraft to support novel, computationally demanding digital signal processors and AI functionalities. Given the importance of low power consumption in satellites, we consider the Intel Movidius Myriad2 system-on-chip and focus on SW development and performance aspects. We design a methodology and framework to accommodate efficient partitioning, mapping, parallelization, code optimization, and tuning of complex algorithms. Furthermore, we propose an avionics architecture combining this commercial off-the-shelf chip with a field programmable gate array device to facilitate, among others, interfacing with traditional space instruments via SpaceWire transcoding. We prototype our architecture in the lab targeting vision-based navigation tasks. We implement a representative computer vision pipeline to track the 6D pose of ENVISAT using megapixel images during hypothetical spacecraft proximity operations. Overall, we achieve 2.6 to 4.9 FPS with only 0.8 to 1.1 W on Myriad2 , i.e., 10-fold acceleration versus modern rad-hard processors. Based on the results, we assess various benefits of utilizing Myriad2 instead of conventional field programmable gate arrays and CPUs.

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Payne, James R., and William B. Driskell. "Water-column Measurements and Observations from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 3071–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.3071.

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ABSTRACT NO. 2017-167 As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) effort following the Deepwater Horizon (MC252) blowout and oil spill in 2010, over 5,300 water samples were forensically evaluated both as evidence of exposure and to validate oil fate and transport modelling. In addition to whole water-sample grabs, particulate-oil and dissolved-phase samples from the subsurface release were separated (filtered) in the field to provide detailed information on the partitioning behavior of oil droplets in a deepwater plume (1,000–1,400m) extending to the southwest (SW) of the wellhead. Offshore, the subsurface plume was visually observed and photographed using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and tracked in conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and fluorometry profiles. The farthest reach of the plume was 412 km (250 mi) SW of the wellhead as confirmed by multiple lines of evidence (i.e., depth, fluorometry spikes, DO sags, and dispersant indicators) and out to 267 km as weathered, phase-discriminated, confirmed hydrocarbon profiles. With increasing time and distance from the wellhead, the plume’s polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) signal became diluted and eventually no longer detectible using selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), although the plume was still discernible in the corroborating data. We hypothesize that microbial degradation at depth converted the PAH and aliphatics into oxygenated and polar products not detectible using SIM GC/MS methods. Near-surface oil samples showed evidence of substantial dissolution weathering as the oil droplets rose through the water column, and further evaporative losses of lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons occurred after the oil reached the surface. Surface oil also showed evidence of photo-oxidation of alkylated chrysenes and triaromatic steranes. Typical of surface oil dynamics, increases in dissolved and particulate-oil fractions were observed in the shallow sub-surface as a result of both dispersant effects and wave reentrainment of surface films. Dispersant treatment effects, both as surface applications and injected at the wellhead, showed uniquely enhanced-dissolution weathering patterns in PAH profiles with limited or delayed microbial degradation of saturated hydrocarbons (SHC) close to the wellhead. From an oil-fate-and-transport standpoint, these data document that the dispersant applications at depth were functionally effective in breaking up the oil droplets and thereby preventing some portion of the oil from reaching the surface.

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Skyttä, P., T. Bauer, T. Hermansson, M. Dehghannejad, C. Juhlin, M. García, J. Hübert, and P. Weihed. "Structural evolution of the VMS-hosting Kristineberg area, Sweden – constraints from structural analysis and 3-D-modelling." Solid Earth Discussions 4, no. 2 (October 8, 2012): 1281–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-4-1281-2012.

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Abstract. Structural mapping and 3-D-modelling with constraints from magnetotelluric (MT) and reflection seismic investigations have been used to provide a geological synthesis of the geometrically complex Kristineberg area in the western part of the Palaeoproterozoic Skellefte district. The results indicate that, like the south-eastern parts of the Skellefte district, the area was subjected to SSE-NNW transpressional deformation at around 1.87 Ga. The contrasting structural geometries between the Kristineberg and the central Skellefte district areas may be attributed to the termination and splaying of a major ESE-WNW-striking high-strain zone into several branches in the northern part of the Kristineberg area. The transpressional structural signature was preferentially developed within the southern of the two antiformal structures of the area, "the Southern antiform", which exposes the deepest cut through the crust and hosts all the economic volcanogenic massive sulphides (VMS) deposits of the area. Partitioning of the SSE-NNW transpression into N–S and E–W components led to formation of a characteristic "flat-steep-flat" geometry defining a highly non-cylindrical hinge of for the Southern antiform. Recognition of the transpressional structural signatures including the "flat-steep-flat" geometry and the distinct pattern of sub-horizontal E–W trending to moderately SW-plunging mineral lineations in the deeper crustal parts of the Kristineberg area is of significance for VMS exploration in both near mine and regional scales. The 3-D-model illustrating the outcomes of this study is available as a 3-D-PDF document through the publication website.

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Borns, Harold W., and Terence J. Hughes. "The implications of the Pineo Ridge readvance in Maine." Dynamique et paléogéographie de l’inlandsis laurentidien 31, no. 3-4 (January 17, 2011): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000272ar.

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Much of the Laurentide ice sheet in Maine, Atlantic Provinces, and southern Quebec was a "marine ice sheet," that is it was grounded below the prevailing sea level. When proper conditions prevailed, calving bays progressed into the ice sheet along ice streams partitioning it, leaving those portions grounded above sea level as residual ice caps. At least by 12,800 yrs. BP a calving bay had progressed up the St. Lawrence Lowland at least to Ottawa while a similar, but less extensive calving bay developed in Central Maine at approximately the same time. Concurrently, ice draining north into the St. Lawrence and south into the Central Maine calving bays rapidly lowered the surface of the intervening ice sheet until it eventually divided over the NE-SW trending Boundary and Longfellow Mountains and probably over other highland areas as well. A major consequence of these nearly simultaneous processes was the separation of an initial large ice cap over part of Maine, New Brunswick, and Québec which was bounded on the west by the calving bay in Central Maine, to the north by the calving bay in the St. Lawrence Lowland, to the south by the Bay of Fundy, and to the east by the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In coastal Maine, east of the calving bay, the margin of the ice cap receded above the marine limit at least 40 km and subsequently read-vanced terminating at Pineo Ridge moraine approximately 12,700 yrs. BP. These events are the stratigraphie and chronologic equivalent of the Cary-Pt. Huron recession/Pt. Huron readvance of the Great Lakes region.

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Twigg, Marsailidh M., Evgenia Ilyinskaya, Sonya Beccaceci, David C. Green, Matthew R. Jones, Ben Langford, Sarah R. Leeson, et al. "Impacts of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption on the UK atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 17 (September 14, 2016): 11415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11415-2016.

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Abstract. Volcanic emissions, specifically from Iceland, pose a pan-European risk and are on the UK National Risk Register due to potential impacts on aviation, public health, agriculture, the environment and the economy, from both effusive and explosive activity. During the 2014–2015 fissure eruption at Holuhraun in Iceland, the UK atmosphere was significantly perturbed. This study focuses one major incursion in September 2014, affecting the surface concentrations of both aerosols and gases across the UK, with sites in Scotland experiencing the highest sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. The perturbation event observed was confirmed to originate from the fissure eruption using satellite data from GOME2B and the chemical transport model, EMEP4UK, which was used to establish the spatial distribution of the plume over the UK during the event of interest. At the two UK European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) supersite observatories (Auchencorth Moss, SE Scotland, and Harwell, SE England) significant alterations in sulfate (SO42−) content of PM10 and PM2.5 during this event, concurrently with evidence of an increase in ultrafine aerosol most likely due to nucleation and growth of aerosol within the plume, were observed. At Auchencorth Moss, higher hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations during the September event (max = 1.21 µg m−3, cf. annual average 0.12 µg m−3 in 2013), were assessed to be due to acid displacement of chloride (Cl−) from sea salt (NaCl) to form HCl gas rather than due to primary emissions of HCl from Holuhraun. The gas and aerosol partitioning at Auchencorth Moss of inorganic species by thermodynamic modelling confirmed the observed partitioning of HCl. Using the data from the chemical thermodynamic model, ISORROPIA-II, there is evidence that the background aerosol, which is typically basic at this site, became acidic with an estimated pH of 3.8 during the peak of the event.Volcano plume episodes were periodically observed by the majority of the UK air quality monitoring networks during the first 4 months of the eruption (August–December 2014), at both hourly and monthly resolution. In the low-resolution networks, which provide monthly SO2 averages, concentrations were found to be significantly elevated at remote “clean” sites in NE Scotland and SW England, with record-high SO2 concentrations for some sites in September 2014. For sites which are regularly influenced by anthropogenic emissions, taking into account the underlying trends, the eruption led to statistically unremarkable SO2 concentrations (return probabilities > 0.1, ∼ 10 months). However, for a few sites, SO2 concentrations were clearly much higher than has been previously observed (return probability < 0.005, > 3000 months). The Holuhraun Icelandic eruption has resulted in a unique study providing direct evidence of atmospheric chemistry perturbation of both gases and aerosols in the UK background atmosphere. The measurements can be used to both challenge and verify existing atmospheric chemistry of volcano plumes, especially those originating from effusive eruptions, which have been underexplored due to limited observations available in the literature. If all European data sets were collated this would allow improved model verification and risk assessments for future volcanic eruptions of this type.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SW partitioning'

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