Journal articles: 'Swan mussel'

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Kurbanov, A., S. Kim, N. Titova, Sh Karabaeva, and E. Rahimjanova. "Use of swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea (Linne, 1758)) as a feed additive for african catfish (Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822))." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni., no. 1(55) (March 31, 2021): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2021.01.112.

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Purpose. Uzbekistan aquaculture has a huge deficit of balanced feed. In a case of feed production from local ingredients, the problem is the lack of stable source of animal protein. The purpose of this experiment was to find out how swan mussel Anodonta used as a feed additive for African catfish will affect fish growth. Methodology. Minced Anodonta was prepared as follow: mussels were collected from the bottom of ponds after fish harvesting; the collected mussels were kept in the separate aquarium; every day several mussels were taken out, their shells were opened and muscle parts were separated the (mostly mussel leg); then the separated muscle were kept for disinfection in KMnO4 solution of low concentration during 20 min and then crushed to a minced state. Feed was given to African catfish according to a special scheme at the rate of 7% of the fish weight. The control group did not receive the minced mussels and fish were fed with carp feeds.The mixed feed in the experimental group #1 consisted of 50% carp feed and 50% minced mussel. In the experimental group #2, African catfish were fed with minced mussels only. Findings. The experiment showed the clear advantage of feed containing 50% of minced clams and 50% of carp feed. The African catfish fed with this feed significantly overtook fish from the control group in weight because this feed turned out to be either the most balanced in composition or better absorbed by catfish. In the control group, the 100% mixed feed gave an increase of 83.8% in weight and 20.5% in length; in the experimental group #1, the feed (50% mixed feed : 50% minced mussel) gave an increase of 136% in weight and 31.1% in length; at the experiment #2 (100% minced mussel), the feed gave an increase of 95.5% and 20.1% in length. Originality. For the first time the swan mussel was used as a source of animal protein for African catfish.This experiment was conducted for the first time, and it was also found for the first time that the addition of minced swan mussel to the feed of African catfish contributed to a significant weight gain compared to the conventional feed:52.5% more compared to conventional feed and 40.5% more compared to pure minced swan mussel. Practical value. Aquaculturenow is in search of source of animal proteinin connection with growing global deficit of a high quality fishmeal for fish feed production. Use of bivalve mollusks Anodonta, which are also a pest in pond farms, is promising feed for obtaining physiologically determined weight gains. Key words: aquaculture, Africaт catfish (Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)), feed, animal protein, plant protein, water quality, swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea (Linne, 1758)), weight gain.

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Rud, Yu P., M. I. Maistrenko, O. V. Zaloilo, G. A. Liubchenko, L. P. Buchatskiy, and I. I. Hrytsyniak. "Experimental infection of brown trout (Salmo trutta), zebrafi sh (Danio rerio), and swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea) with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPVN)." Agricultural Science and Practice 7, no. 3 (December 25, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp7.03.031.

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Aim. Although more than 80 fi sh species and some invertebrate aquatic organisms are known to be susceptible to in- fectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and aquatic birnaviruses, relatively little is known about its ability to infect brown trout (Salmo trutta), zebrafi sh (Danio rerio), and a mollusk, swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea). Therefore, the aim was to study in more detail the effects of IPNV on the said organisms. The information on the virulence of birnaviruses for aquatic organisms is important for better understanding of their transmission and for the identifi cation of suscep- tible or transient (symptomless) hosts. Methods. Cell culture method, using RTG-2 cells, was used for in vitro culti- vation of IPNV as well as virus titer assessment. The supernatants from infected RTG-2 cells were used for artifi cial inoculation to obtain experimental infection of the fi sh and mollusk. Fish and mollusk behaviour and mortality were monitored daily. The infectious titer of the virus in experimental animals was assessed by cell culture assay and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Results. This paper presents the results of IPNV experimental infection of brown trout (Salmo trutta), zebrafi sh (Danio rerio), and an aquatic invertebrate mollusk - swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea). The mortality of brown trout and zebrafi sh was 76.6 and 40 % respectively. Swan mussel was apparently resistant to the virus, but it apparently accumulated and maintained substantial levels (up to 10 -10 ID 50 /ml -1 ) of the virus for the dura- tion of the experiment (35 days). The highest infectious titer was found in brown trout (10 6 ID 50 /ml -1 ). In zebrafi sh and swan mussels, it was up to 10 4.5 ID 50 /ml -1 and 10 2 ID 50 /ml -1 respectively. Conclusions. At the end of the experiments the IPNV titers were higher than the initial viral doses in brown trout and zebrafi sh, indicating virus reproduction. In diseasesd fi sh the blackening, whirling and anorexia were observed. It was shown that swan mussel accumulates and maintains virus for at least 35 days under experimental conditions and that it may act as symptomless vector of IPNV

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Hinzmann, M., M. Lopes-Lima, F. Cerca, A. Correia, J. Machado, and M. Vilanova. "Identification of distinct haemocyte populations from the freshwater bivalves swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea) and duck mussel (Anodonta anatina) using wheat-germ agglutinin." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 12 (December 2017): 937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0006.

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Haemocytes play a major role in molluscs immunity. Functional studies are, however, impaired by limited available experimental tools to identify and sort distinct haemocyte populations. Therefore, using nonlethal methods, we aimed at evaluating whether lectin staining combined with flow cytometry could be used to distinguish circulating haemocyte populations from two freshwater bivalves of the family Unionidae, the duck mussel (Anodonta anatina (L., 1758)) and the swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea (L., 1758)). Based on classical classification, haemocytes were distinguished as granulocytes and hyalinocytes and cytological features were visualized using transmission microscopy and staining techniques. Size, granularity, viability, and surface staining using lectins as specific probes were analysed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The microscopic proportions of granulocytes and hyalinocytes significantly differed, being of 70% and 30% for A. cygnea and of 85% and 15% for A. anatina, respectively. Two haemocyte populations were sorted by flow cytometry based on size and granularity and confirmed as granulocytes and hyalinocytes. Interestingly, two different granulocyte populations could be further discriminated in A. cygnea according to their binding affinity to wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), whereas granulocytes of A. anatina all stained similarly. Our results show that WGA labelling combined with flow cytometry can be used to better discriminate Anodonta haemocyte populations and obtain purified populations for functional studies.

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Moëzzi, Fateh, Seyyed Aliakbar Hedayati, and Amir Ghadermarzi. "Copper Bioaccumulation Kinetics in Swan Mussel, Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758) During Waterborne Exposure to CuO Nanoparticles." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 102, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2489-z.

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Lopes-Lima, Manuel, Susana Freitas, Liliana Pereira, Eugenia Gouveia, Mariana Hinzmann, Antonio Checa, and Jorge Machado. "Ionic regulation and shell mineralization in the bivalve Anodonta cygnea (swan mussel) following heavy-metal exposure." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 2 (February 2012): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-129.

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Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled faunistic groups in the world and environmental exposure to toxic heavy metals, which result in deregulation of calcium absorption and deposition in the laboratory, may be a contributing factor in their decline. To address potential effects of heavy-metal exposure on calcium transport and metabolism in freshwater bivalves, adult Anodonta cygnea (L., 1758) were exposed to a sublethal concentration (1.0 × 10−6 mol/L) of essential (Zn2+ and Cu2+) or nonessential (Pb2+ and Cr3+) metal for 30 days in the laboratory. Inorganic composition of extrapallial, haemolymph, heart, and pericardium fluids, and kidney tissue, as well as shell morphology by scanning electron microscopy, were compared in treated and untreated mussels. Calcium levels in fluids varied after exposure to any of the metals investigated, although the magnitude and threshold of effect were metal- and compartment-specific. Ca2+ levels increased robustly in all fluids following exposure to Zn2+, Cu2+, or Cr3+, whereas levels decreased significantly in heart fluid alone following Pb2+ exposure (p < 0.05). In constrast to exposure to the other metals, Cu2+ revealed an interesting reverse-accumulation pattern, decreasing in the fluids but not in the kidney, where it clearly accumulates for excretion. In addition, whereas essential Cu2+ and Zn2+ are closely regulated, the nonessential metals Pb2+ and Cr3+ increase to very high levels. Drastic alterations in shell morphology, specifically the structure of border and inner pallial regions of the nacreous layer, were observed after Cu2+ or Cr3+ exposure. Collectively, data suggest that prolonged exposure to a sublethal concentration of these heavy metals can adversely affect compartmental calcium availability and shell composition in A. cygnea.

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Huber, Verena, and Juergen Geist. "Glochidial development of the freshwater swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea, Linnaeus 1758) on native and invasive fish species." Biological Conservation 209 (May 2017): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.02.030.

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Ganjali, Saeed, and Samar Mortazavi. "The Swan Mussel (Anodonta cygnea) in Anzali Wetland of Iran, a Potential Biomonitor for Cd and Pb." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 93, no. 2 (June 17, 2014): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1317-3.

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Geist, Juergen, Jutta Geismar, and Ralph Kuehn. "Isolation and characterization of the first microsatellite markers for the endangered swan mussel Anodonta cygnea L. (Bivalvia: Unionoidea)." Conservation Genetics 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2009): 1103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-009-9889-x.

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Moëzzi, Fateh, Seyyed Aliakbar Hedayati, and Amir Ghadermarzi. "Correction to: Copper Bioaccumulation Kinetics in Swan Mussel, Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758) During Waterborne Exposure to CuO Nanoparticles." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 106, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-03101-7.

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Dartnall, H. J. G., and M. Walkey. "The distribution of glochidia of the Swan mussel, Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca) on the Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Pisces)." Journal of Zoology 189, no. 1 (August 20, 2009): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03951.x.

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M�ller, Doris, and Robert A. Patzner. "Growth and age structure of the swan mussel Anodonta cygnea (L.) at different depths in lake Mattsee (Salzburg, Austria)." Hydrobiologia 341, no. 1 (December 1996): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00012304.

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Moëzzi, Fateh, Seyyed Aliakbar Hedayati, and Amir Ghadermazi. "Ecotoxicological impacts of exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles on the gill of the Swan mussel, Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758)." Molluscan Research 38, no. 3 (April 5, 2018): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2018.1441591.

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Pourang, N., C. A. Richardson, and M. S. Mortazavi. "Heavy metal concentrations in the soft tissues of swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea) and surficial sediments from Anzali wetland, Iran." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 163, no. 1-4 (March 6, 2009): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0827-7.

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Kopij, Grzegorz. "The endangered swan mussel Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758) is threatened by the common otter Lutra lutra." Folia Malacologica 19, no. 3 (August 12, 2011): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10125-011-0018-3.

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Nugroho, Andhika Puspito, Raditia Nugraha, and Nova Prasetyaningrum. "EFFECTS OF CHROMIUM ON PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE LEVELS IN THE MANTLE OF FRESHWATER MUSSEL Anodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834)." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.244.

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<p>Chromium is one of the technical importance metals found in the aquatic environment at increasing concentrations, resulting from metallurgic, refractory, chemical, and tannery industries (Satyaparameshwar et al., 2006). The metal is known to be essential for all animals such as maintenance of normal glucose tolerance (Chassard-Bouchaud et al., 1989). It also involves in metabolisms of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and mineral substances (Pechova & Pavlata 2007). At elevated concentrations, chromium is toxic to mussels, resulting in changes of mRNA expression, immunomodulation, DNA stability, and stress response pathways (Franzellitti et al., 2012). Swan mussels (Anodonta woodiana) living at the interface of the free-flowing water and the sediment phase of many lotic freshwater ecosystems are known to accumulate metals in their body. Mussels require carbohydrates as main energy source for their metabolic processes (Honkoop et al., 1999). Proteins are also required by mussels for catalyzing biochemical reactions, transport and storage of molecules in and out, or within cells, and have structural and mechanical functions (Albert et al., 1994). Proteins and carbohydrates are also important components in the shell formation (Marie et al., 2007; Marin & Luquet 2004). Mantle secretes proteins and carbohydrates into extra pallial fluid, which is directly adjacent to the shell. The objective of this research was to study the effects of Cr on the protein and carbohydrate levels in the mantle of A. woodiana.</p>

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Lane, Tim, Jess Jones, Brett Ostby, and Robert Butler. "Long-term monitoring of two endangered freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) reveals how demographic vital rates are influenced by species life history traits." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 27, 2021): e0256279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256279.

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To meet monitoring and recovery planning needs, demographic vital rates of two endangered freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae)—the Cumberlandian Combshell (Epioblasma brevidens, Lea 1831) and Oyster Mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis, Lea 1834), species endemic to the Tennessee and Cumberland river basins, U.S.A—were estimated and compared using census methodologies. Annual variation in population density and size, recruitment rate, mortality rate, sex ratios, and female fecundity of both species were observed from 2004–2014 at three fixed sites, spanning a 33.8 kilometer (KM) reach of the Clinch River, Hancock County, Tennessee. Mean population size of E. brevidens estimated from 11 censuses was 2,598 individuals at Swan Island (KM 277.1), 8,744 at Frost Ford (KM 291.8), and 879 at Wallen Bend (KM 309.6); collectively, these demes grew at an annual rate of 7% over the study period. Mean population size of E. capsaeformis was 7,846 individuals at Swan Island, 265,442 at Frost Ford, and 11,704 at Wallen Bend; collectively, these demes grew at an annual rate of 6%. Population size, variability in population growth, recruitment, and mortality of the shorter-lived E. capsaeformis (maximum age = 16 yrs, rarely >10 yrs) were higher than those of the longer-lived E. brevidens (maximum age = 25 yrs). Stream discharge was associated with realized per-capita population growth rate for both species when juvenile (Ages 1–3) data was included. Linear regression analysis showed that the growth rate of E. brevidens was negatively associated with median annual discharge (p = 0.0274) and that growth rate of E. capsaeformis was negatively associated with the number of days having extreme high discharge preceding a census (p = 0.0381). Fecundity of female E. brevidens averaged 34,947 (SE = 2,492) glochidia and ranged from 18,987 to 56,151, whereas fecundity of female E. capsaeformis averaged 9,558 (SE = 603) glochidia and ranged from 3,456 to 22,182. Estimated vital rates indicated that the two species are characterized by different life-history strategies, with E. brevidens exhibiting a periodic strategy (between K- and r-selected) and E. capsaeformis an opportunistic strategy (r-selected). These life history strategies are likely influenced by each species’ longevity and habitat preference, in addition to the life histories and population dynamics of their primary fish hosts.

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Wojton, Andrzej, Idalia Kasprzyk, Piotr Kościółek, and Kamil Pilch. "The occurrence of the protected swan mussel Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758) and the invasive alien Chinese mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) in the fish ponds in the Wisłok River Basin (SE Poland)." Folia Malacologica 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10125-012-0018-y.

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Koh, TS, and MJ Harper. "Lead-Poisoning in Black Swans, Cygnus-Atratus, Exposed to Spent Lead Shot at Bool Lagoon Game Reserve, South-Australia." Wildlife Research 15, no. 4 (1988): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880395.

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Following an outbreak of lead-poisoning in waterfowl at the Boo1 Lagoon Game Reserve in southeastern South Australia, a survey was undertaken to determine the extent of lead contamination in the black swan, Cygnus atratus, at the Reserve. Fifty swans were examined for lead shot in gizzard contents and for lead in blood, muscle, liver and wing bone. The data showed that about 40% of swans had excessive exposure to lead above the background levels. Assay of copper, iron, selenium and zinc in liver indicated there was no interaction between these trace elements and lead. This study demonstrated the need for more research into the effects of hunting on Australian waterfowl populations.

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Ran, Tao, Yi Fang, Hai Xiang, Chengzhen Zhao, Daowei Zhou, Fujiang Hou, Yan D. Niu, and Rongzhen Zhong. "Effects of Supplemental Feed with Different Levels of Dietary Metabolizable Energy on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Grazing Naturalized Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides)." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030711.

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Grazing Swan geese (Anser cygnoides) have good meat quality but grow slowly. This study aimed to study whether supplemental feeding could improve growth performance of grazing Swan geese and investigate a suitable dietary metabolizable energy (ME) level of supplemental diet for grazing Swan geese. Naturalized healthy male Swan geese (n = 144; 42 ± 2.0 days and 1.21 ± 0.17 kg) were randomly allocated into 4 groups and grazed on pasture alone (control, CON) or offered supplemental diets with ME of 9.5, 11.5, or 13.5 MJ/kg of DM after grazing. Growth performance and body-size measurements (including bone development) were lower (p < 0.05) in CON versus supplemented geese, as well as slaughter measurements on days 28 and 56. The DM intake linearly decreased (p < 0.01) with increasing dietary ME from day 29 to 56. Slaughter, semi-eviscerated, eviscerated, and thigh muscle yield linearly (p < 0.01) decreased with increasing dietary ME on day 56. Lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) for breast and thigh muscle on days 28 and 56, and breast muscle shear force on day 56, were lower (p < 0.01) in supplemented versus CON geese. In conclusion, supplemental feeding improved growth performance and carcass characteristics of grazing Swan geese, and supplemental feed with ME of 9.5 MJ/kg of DM could be offered to improve growth and meat quality of grazing Swan geese.

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Marinho, Rodolfo, Leandro Pereira de Moura, Bárbara de Almeida Rodrigues, Luciana Santos Souza Pauli, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva, Eloize Cristina Chiarreotto Ropelle, Claudio Teodoro de Souza, Dennys Esper Corrêa Cintra, Eduardo Rochete Ropelle, and José Rodrigo Pauli. "Effects of different intensities of physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and protein kinase B/Akt activity in skeletal muscle of obese mice." Einstein (São Paulo) 12, no. 1 (March 2014): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082014ao2881.

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Objective : To investigate the effects of different intensities of acute exercise on insulin sensitivity and protein kinase B/Akt activity in skeletal muscle of obese mice. Methods : Swiss mice were randomly divided into four groups, and fed either a standard diet (control group) or high fat diet (obese sedentary group and obese exercise group 1 and 2) for 12 weeks. Two different exercise protocols were used: swimming for 1 hour with or without an overload of 5% body weight. The insulin tolerance test was performed to estimate whole-body sensitivity. Western blot technique was used to determine protein levels of protein kinase B/Akt and phosphorylation by protein Kinase B/Akt in mice skeletal muscle. Results : A single bout of exercise inhibited the high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. There was increase in phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Akt serine, improve in insulin signaling and reduce of fasting glucose in mice that swam for 1 hour without overload and mice that swan for 1 hour with overload of 5%. However, no significant differences were seen between exercised groups. Conclusion : Regardless of intensity, aerobic exercise was able to improve insulin sensitivity and phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Ak, and proved to be a good form of treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes.

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COLE, JOHN. "THE SWANN-COLE MUSCLE CARDS*." Australasian Journal of Optometry 14, no. 6 (March 25, 2010): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1931.tb00100.x.

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SWANN, L. A. "THE SWANN-COLE MUSCLE CARDS." Australasian Journal of Optometry 14, no. 11 (April 19, 2010): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1932.tb00531.x.

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Dakin, Christopher J., Billy L. Luu, Kees van den Doel, John Timothy Inglis, and Jean-Sébastien Blouin. "Frequency-Specific Modulation of Vestibular-Evoked Sway Responses in Humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 2 (February 2010): 1048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00881.2009.

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Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) results in characteristic muscle and whole-body responses in humans maintaining standing balance. However, the relationship between these two vestibular-evoked responses remains elusive. This study seeks to determine whether mechanical filtering from conversion of lower-limb muscle activity to body sway, during standing balance, can be used to attenuate sway while maintaining biphasic lower-limb muscle responses using frequency-limited stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS). We hypothesized that SVS deprived of frequencies <2 Hz would evoke biphasic muscle responses with minimal whole-body sway due to mechanical filtering of the higher-frequency muscle responses. Subjects were exposed to five stimulus bandwidths: two meant to induce sway responses (0–1 and 0–2 Hz) and three to dissociate vestibular-evoked muscle responses from whole-body sway (0–25, 1–25, and 2–25 Hz). Two main results emerged: 1) SVS-related sway was attenuated when frequencies <2 Hz were excluded, whereas multiphasic muscle and force responses were retained; and 2) the gain of the estimated transfer functions exhibited successive low-pass filtering of vestibular stimuli during conversion to muscle activity, anteroposterior (AP) moment, and sway. This successive low-pass filtering limited the transfer of signal power to frequencies <20 Hz in muscle activity, <5 Hz in AP moment, and <2 Hz in AP trunk sway. Consequently, the present results show that SVS delivered at frequencies >2 Hz to standing humans do not cause a destabilizing whole-body sway response but are associated with the typical biphasic lower-limb muscle responses.

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Koda, Hitoshi, Yoshihiro Kai, Shin Murata, Hironori Osugi, Kunihiko Anami, Takahiko Fukumoto, and Hidetaka Imagita. "Relationship Between Muscle Strength Asymmetry and Body Sway in Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0096.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle strength asymmetry and body sway while walking. We studied 63 older adult women. Strong side and weak side of knee extension strength, toe grip strength, hand grip strength, and body sway while walking were measured. The relationship between muscle strength asymmetry for each muscle and body sway while walking was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Regarding the muscles recognized to have significant correlation with body sway, the asymmetry cutoff value causing an increased sway was calculated. Toe grip strength asymmetry was significantly correlated with body sway. Toe grip strength asymmetry causing an increased body sway had a cutoff value of 23.5%. Our findings suggest toe grip strength asymmetry may be a target for improving gait stability.

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Kim, You-Sin, and Namju Lee. "Effects of applied swan pilates motions on upper body muscle activities." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 26 (April 2021): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.031.

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Chang, Shin-Tsu, Chih-Hung Ku, Ming-Fu Hsieh, Liang-Cheng Chen, Heng-Yi Chu, Cheng-Chiang Chang, and Kao-Chung Tsai. "Contribution of the Multifidus Muscle for Control of Upright Posture in Subjects with Spina Bifida Occulta." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 17, no. 3 (August 2008): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.17.3.283.

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Context:The multifidus muscle plays a role in controlling lumbosacral position and postural sway. One of its attachment sites is the exact site of spina bifida occulta (SBO).Objective:To investigate the role of the muscle for postural control in SBO.Design:Cross-sectional cohort.Participants:Eighty subjects with SBO (38 in minor; 42 in major) and controls.Interventions:N/A.Main Outcome Measures:Subjects stood upright on a platform at 0° and on an inclined surface (10° and 20°) with feet in plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, together with eyes open and closed. The platform system measured posture to obtain sway area and sway mean for statistics.Results:Upon sway area/mean, the group differences of major/minor SBO vs. control were all significant. Sway means of minor SBO were lower than those of major SBO at corresponding inclined degrees.Conclusions:Subjects with SBO demonstrated increased sway as compared to controls.

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Yamamoto, Tomohisa, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Kunihiko Nomura, Taishin Nomura, Takao Tanahashi, Kei Fukada, Takayuki Endo, and Saburo Sakoda. "A Classification of Postural Sway Patterns During Upright Stance in Healthy Adults and Patients with Parkinson’s Disease." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 8 (October 20, 2011): 997–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0997.

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The intermittent control during human quiet upright stance is a new hypothesis which claims that the active neural feedback control generating the ankle muscle torque is switched off and on intermittently at appropriate timings. The intermittent strategy is capable of providing compliant posture while ensuring robust stability. Contrastingly, impairment of postural reflexes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes postural instability. Here we hypothesize that the instability in PD patients might be due to a loss of appropriate intermittent activations in the feedback muscle torque during stance. In order to provide evidence for this hypothesis, we characterized stochastic postural sway patterns measured as changes in center of pressure (CoP) and activities of ankle muscles during quiet stance in healthy young and elderly subjects as well as PD patients. To this end, sway patterns and associated ankle muscle activities were quantified by several indices including the CoP sway area, scaling factors of double-power-law power spectra of the sway, as well as levels and patterns of the muscle activations. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to suggest that the sway patterns could be classified into two major types. The first type consisted mainly of sway and muscle activation patterns from healthy subjects and some PD patients with the mild level of severity, and they showed features indicating the intermittent control. The second type, consisting mainly of PD patients with relatively severe levels of motor symptoms, was accompanied with non-intermittent but tonic muscle activities and sway areas either smaller or larger than those in the first type. Moreover, the major two types were further classified into several subtypes with distinguishable characteristics. Results suggested that a loss of the intermittent activations in the ankle muscles could be a cause of the postural instability for a population of PD patients.

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Vuillerme, Nicolas, Frédéric Danion, Nicolas Forestier, and Vincent Nougier. "Postural sway under muscle vibration and muscle fatigue in humans." Neuroscience Letters 333, no. 2 (November 2002): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00999-0.

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Setiorini, Anggi, Denny Agustiningsih, Junaedy Yunus, and Santosa Budiharjo. "Effect Vladimir Janda Balance Training on Postural Sway and Leg Muscle Strength." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, A (July 29, 2021): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5988.

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Background: The majority of people who work as tea plantation pickers are powerful. They carry heavy loads of tea on their backs while the roads are quite dangerous and sometimes cause problems. A balance training program has proven to reduce postural sway, increasing leg muscle strength and improving balance strategies. Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Vladimir Janda balance training methods with an external load on postural sway and leg muscle strength of tea pickers. Methods: The study design used was quasi-experimental with a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Subjects were tea pickers consisting of a productive age group of 15 people and 15 people as a control treatment group. The Vladimir Janda method balance exercises were conducted over five weeks consisting of 5 phases. Phase I-IV were carried out 5 times a week, while the V phase was done 3 times a week and each session lasted 15 minutes. Postural sway was measured with a posturometer. Leg muscle strength was measured by a back-leg dynamometer. The statistical tests used were Independent T-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results:The statistical test for the control and treatment groups using the Mann-Whitney test showed p = 0.001, meaning no external load effects on postural sway. Independent t-test showed p = 0.000, meaning there are differences in the effect between the treatment and control groups after being given balance exercises to increase leg muscle strength. Logistic regression test results obtained the ROC value of 0.917, meaning the Vladimir Janda balance training can affect the postural sway and knee extensor muscle strength by 91.7%. Conclusion: The Vladimir Janda balance exercise method can reduce postural sway and increase the strength of knee extensor muscles and ankle flexor Dorsi muscles. External loads can affect the postural sway.

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Yennan, Pawina, Areerat Suputtitada, and Pongsak Yuktanandana. "Effects of aquatic exercise and land-based exercise on postural sway in elderly with knee osteoarthritis." Asian Biomedicine 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2010-0096.

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Abstract Background: Knee Osteoarthritis (knee OA) is the most common joint disease in the elderly. It is a major cause of walking disability and balance impairment. The balance impairment or increase postural sway may result in increased risk of fall. Objectives: Compare effects of aquatic exercise and land-based exercise on postural sway and physical performance (pain, quality of life, leg muscle strength and leg muscle flexibility) in the elderly with knee OA. Subjects and methods: Fifty elderly women with knee OA were recruited for this study. They were randomized into aquatic exercise (n=25) and land-based exercise group (n=25). Postural sway views by anterior-posterior amplitude, medio-lateral amplitude, and total area were measured in subjects with eye opened or closed during double and single leg stance after six-week training, using the Force platform. Functional outcome was tested by the modified WOMAC. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and pain scale were tested by Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Leg muscle strength was measured by chair stand, and leg muscle flexibility was measured by sit-andreach test. Aquatic group exercised at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital therapeutic pool, while landbased group exercised at home. Results: In comparing postural sway before and after exercise, reduction in postural sway and pain, and increase in strength, the aquatic group were significantly better than those for land-based group (p <0.05). WOMAC, KOOS scores, and sit-and-reach test after six-weeks training were improved after exercise, but these were not significantly different between groups (p >0.05). Conclusion: Elderly patients with knee OA need exercise to improve balance and reduce sway. Six-week aquatic exercise was better than land-based exercise in sway reduction.

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Koyama, Keiji, and Junichiro Yamauchi. "Altered postural sway following fatiguing foot muscle exercises." PLOS ONE 12, no. 12 (December 7, 2017): e0189184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189184.

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Danna-dos-Santos, Alessander, Kajetan Slomka, Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky, and Mark L. Latash. "Muscle modes and synergies during voluntary body sway." Experimental Brain Research 179, no. 4 (January 13, 2007): 533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0812-0.

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Day, James T., Glen A. Lichtwark, and Andrew G. Cresswell. "Tibialis anterior muscle fascicle dynamics adequately represent postural sway during standing balance." Journal of Applied Physiology 115, no. 12 (December 15, 2013): 1742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00517.2013.

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To maintain a stable, upright posture, the central nervous system (CNS) must integrate sensory information from multiple sources and subsequently generate corrective torque about the ankle joint. Although proprioceptive information from the muscles that cross this joint has been shown to be vital in this process, the specific source of this information remains questionable. Recent research has been focused on the potential role of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle during standing, largely due to the lack of modulation of its activity throughout the sway cycle. Ten young, healthy subjects were asked to stand normally under varying conditions, for periods of 60 s. During these trials, intramuscular electromyographic (EMG) activity and the fascicle length of three distinct anatomical regions of TA were sampled synchronously with kinematic data regarding sway position. In the quiet standing conditions, TA muscle activity was unmodulated and fascicle length changes in each region were tightly coupled with changes in sway position. In the active sway condition, more EMG activity was observed in TA and the fascicle length changes were decoupled from sway position. No regional specific differences in correlation values were observed, contrasting previous observations. The ability of the fascicles to follow sway position builds upon the suggestion that TA is well placed to provide accurate, straightforward sensory information to the CNS. As previously suggested, through reciprocal inhibition, afferent information from TA could help to regulate plantar flexor torque at relevant phases of the sway cycle. The proprioceptive role of TA appears to become complicated during more challenging conditions.

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Coratella, Giuseppe, Stefano Longo, Susanna Rampichini, Christian Doria, Marta Borrelli, Eloisa Limonta, Giovanni Michielon, Emiliano Cè, and Fabio Esposito. "Passive stretching decreases muscle efficiency in balance tasks." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 22, 2021): e0256656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256656.

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The current study aimed to verify whether or not passive static stretching affects balance control capacity. Thirty-eight participants (19 women and 19 men) underwent a passive static stretching session, involving the knee extensor/flexor and dorsi/plantarflexor muscles, and a control session (no stretching, CTRL). Before (PRE), immediately after (POST), after 15 (POST15) and 30 min (POST30) from stretching (or rest in CTRL), balance control was evaluated under static and dynamic conditions, with open/closed eyes, and with/without somatosensory perturbation (foam under the feet). During tests, centre of pressure (CoP) sway area and perimeter and antero-posterior and medio-lateral sway mean speed were computed. Surface electromyography root mean square (sEMG RMS) was calculated from the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, and tibialis anterior muscles during MVC and during the balance tests. Hip flexion/extension and dorsi/plantarflexion range of motion (ROM), maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and sEMG RMS during MVC were measured at the same time points. After stretching, ROM increased (≈6.5%; P<0.05), while MVC and sEMG RMS decreased (≈9% and ≈7.5%, respectively; P<0.05). Regardless of the testing condition, CoP sway area and the perimeter remained similar, while antero-posterior and medio-lateral sway mean speed decreased by ≈8% and ≈12%, respectively (P<0.05). sEMG RMS during the balance tests increased in all muscles in POST (≈7%, P<0.05). All variables recovered in POST30. No changes occurred in CTRL. Passive static stretching did not affect the overall balance control ability. However, greater muscle activation was required to maintain similar CoP sway, thus suggesting a decrease in muscle efficiency.

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Strotmeyer, Elsa, Brittney S. Lange-Maia, Jane A. Cauley, Sheila A. Dugan, Samar R. El Khoudary, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Nancy W. Glynn, and Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez. "STAIR CLIMB TIME AND FUNCTIONAL POWER ASSOCIATIONS IN EARLY OLD AGE: SWAN." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1988.

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Abstract Stair climbing assesses neuromuscular components of movement, including muscle power (force*velocity) which may decline earlier in aging vs. strength. We hypothesized age and age-related factor (N=1370; 65.5±2.7 years) associations to stair climb total time (sec), ascend lap time degradation (lap 1 minus 3), power (W/kg body weight) and power degradation (lap 1 minus 3). Adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and age-related comorbidity factors using multivariate linear regression, older age independently related to slower total time and lower power. Non-white ethnicity had slower total time (Black, Hispanic), higher ascend time degradation (Hispanic), and lower power (Hispanic, Chinese, Japanese) vs. Whites. Higher 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Modified Baecke physical activity scores indicated better performance: lower total time, higher power (SF-36 only), and less degradation in ascend time and power. Stair climb time and power in early old age may capture initial functional loss targets for interventions to prevent late-life disability.

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Bhattacharya, Amit, Paul Succop, Laurel Kincl, Ming Lun Lu, and Angshuman Bagchee. "Postural stability during task performance on elevated and/or inclined surfaces." Occupational Ergonomics 3, no. 2 (July 24, 2003): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2003-3201.

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The purpose of this study was to subjectively and objectively evaluate the postural stability of forty industrial workers while performing simulated industrial tasks on inclined and elevated surfaces under various combinations of environmental lighting and noise distraction conditions. The results suggest the following ordering for the effects of risk factors on objective measure of postural balance: (1) environmental lighting, (2) elevation of standing surface, (3) gender, (4) inclination of standing surface, (5) age. The task performed would be ranked highest had the data been analyzed across the three tasks. The postural sway length significantly increased with increasing elevations and inclination angles for the stationary and bending tasks implying body's perceived risk of fall deployed increase in postural muscle contraction. This compensatory mechanism indicated by increased sway length actually did reduce postural sway amplitudes with increasing elevation but for increasing inclination the postural sway amplitudes increased. While the objective measure of postural sway increased with the increasing combination of elevation and inclination, the subjective measure of stability did not show a significant two way interaction, implying that the participants were not able to perceive the combined risk to postural imbalance, causing potential inability to deploy appropriate postural muscle corrective actions.

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Nüesch, Corina, Jan-Niklas Kreppke, Annegret Mündermann, and Lars Donath. "Effects of a Dynamic Chair on Chair Seat Motion and Trunk Muscle Activity during Office Tasks and Task Transitions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 2723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122723.

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Employing dynamic office chairs might increase the physical (micro-) activity during prolonged office sitting. We investigated whether a dynamic BioSwing® chair increases chair sway and alters trunk muscle activation. Twenty-six healthy young adults performed four office tasks (reading, calling, typing, hand writing) and transitions between these tasks while sitting on a dynamic and on a static office chair. For all task-transitions, chair sway was higher in the dynamic condition (p < 0.05). Muscle activation changes were small with lower mean activity of the left obliquus internus during hand writing (p = 0.07), lower mean activity of the right erector spinae during the task-transition calling to hand writing (p = 0.036), and higher mean activity of the left erector spinae during the task-transition reading to calling (p = 0.07) on the dynamic chair. These results indicate that an increased BioSwing® chair sway only selectively alters trunk muscle activation. Adjustments of chair properties (i.e., swinging elements, foot positioning) are recommended.

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Morasso, Pietro G., and Marco Schieppati. "Can Muscle Stiffness Alone Stabilize Upright Standing?" Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 1622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.3.1622.

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A stiffness control model for the stabilization of sway has been proposed recently. This paper discusses two inadequacies of the model: modeling and empiric consistency. First, we show that the in-phase relation between the trajectories of the center of pressure and the center of mass is determined by physics, not by control patterns. Second, we show that physiological values of stiffness of the ankle muscles are insufficient to stabilize the body “inverted pendulum.” The evidence of active mechanisms of sway stabilization is reviewed, pointing out the potentially crucial role of foot skin and muscle receptors.

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Baudry, Stéphane, Geoffrey Lecoeuvre, and Jacques Duchateau. "Age-related changes in the behavior of the muscle-tendon unit of the gastrocnemius medialis during upright stance." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 2 (January 2012): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00913.2011.

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Mechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit change with aging, but it is not known how these modifications influence the control of lower leg muscles during upright stance. In this study, young and elderly adults stood upright on a force platform with and without vision while muscle architecture and myotendinous junction movements (expressed relative to the change in the moment on the x-axis of the force platform) were recorded by ultrasonography and muscle activity by electromyography. The results show that the maximal amplitude of the sway in the antero-posterior direction was greater in elderly adults (age effect, P < 0.05) and was accompanied by an increase in lower leg muscle activity compared with young adults. Moreover, the data highlight that fascicles shorten during forward sway and lengthen during backward sways but more so for young (−4 ± 3 and −4 ± 3 mm/Nm, respectively) than elderly adults (−0.7 ± 3 and 0.8 ± 3 mm/Nm, respectively; age × sway, P < 0.001). Concurrently, the pennation angle increased and decreased during forward and backward sways, respectively, with greater changes in young than elderly adults (age × sway, P < 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between age groups for tendon lengthening and shortening during sways. The results indicate that, compared with young, elderly adults increase the stiffness of the muscular portion of the muscle-tendon unit during upright stance that may compensate for the age-related decrease in tendon stiffness. These observations suggest a shift in the control strategy used to maintain balance.

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Lundin, Thomas M., Jon W. Feuerbach, and Mark D. Grabiner. "Effect of Plantar Flexor and Dorsiflexor Fatigue on Unilateral Postural Control." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 9, no. 3 (August 1993): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.9.3.191.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plantar flexor and dorsiflexor fatigue on postural sway amplitude during unilateral, or one-legged, stance. It was hypothesized that plantar flexor and dorsiflexor fatigue would increase unilateral postural sway amplitude. Eight uninjured male subjects participated in pre- and postfatigue unilateral stability tests. Selected parameters describing medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) postural sway were measured on a Chattecx Balance System before and after an isokinetic fatigue protocol. The fatigue protocol resulted in a significant increase in ML postural sway amplitude (p< 0.05) and an increase in AP sway amplitude (p= 0.065). Previously, links have been established between increased postural sway amplitude and ankle joint injury. Thus, fatigue of the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors, which increased postural sway amplitude, may render the ankle joint susceptible to injury. Induced ankle muscle fatigue may represent a valid paradigm to study the causes of traumatic ankle joint injury.

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Pysyk, Christopher L. "Differentiating muscle relaxant syringes to reduce syringe swap error." Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 65, no. 7 (February 21, 2018): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-018-1090-6.

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Davis, Brian L., and Mark D. Grabiner. "Modeling Effects of Muscle Fatigue on Unilateral Postural Control." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 12, no. 2 (May 1996): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.12.2.173.

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Measurement of postural sway is a valuable research and clinical tool that can provide information related to various central and peripheral elements of the nervous system. The present study involved modeling single-limb standing as an inverted pendulum tethered to a supporting surface by two sets of springs that simulated the stiffness of muscles spanning the joint and the inherent stiffness of the joint itself. There are four key elements of this model: (a) joint stiffness is greater in the frontal plane compared to the sagittal plane (neither being affected by fatigue), (b) muscle stiffness is exponentially related to its extension from a resting position, (c) muscle stiffness is reduced by fatigue, and (d) an "ankle strategy" is used to maintain upright single-limb posture. It is concluded that an inverted pendulum model can be used to adequately predict sway frequencies and amplitudes in the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) directions for single-limb stance pre- and postfatigue. In particular, it is possible for acute muscle fatigue to increase sway in the ML direction but not necessarily in the AP direction.

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Richter, E. A., and H. Galbo. "High glycogen levels enhance glycogen breakdown in isolated contracting skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.827.

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The influence of supranormal muscle glycogen levels on glycogen breakdown in contracting muscle was investigated. Rats either rested or swam for 3 h and subsequently had their isolated hindquarters perfused after 21 h with access to food. Muscle glycogen concentrations were measured before and after 15 min of intermittent electrical muscle stimulation. Before stimulation, glycogen was higher in rats that swam on the preceding day (supercompensated rats) compared with controls. During muscle contractions, glycogen breakdown in fast-twitch red and white fibers was larger in supercompensated hindquarters than in controls, and glycogenolysis correlated significantly with precontraction glycogen concentrations. In slow-twitch fibers, electrical stimulation did not elicit glycogenolysis in either group. Glucose uptake and lactate release were decreased and increased, respectively, in supercompensated hindquarters compared with controls. O2 uptake, release of tyrosine and glycerol, and tension development were similar in the two groups. In conclusion, during muscle contractions, increased muscle glycogen levels lead to increased breakdown of glycogen and release of lactate and decreased uptake of glucose by mechanisms exerted within the muscle cells. Intramuscular lipolysis and net protein breakdown are unaffected. There seems to be no close linkage between needs and mobilization of fuel within the working muscle.

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Houdijk, Han, Starr E. Brown, and Jaap H. van Dieën. "Relation between postural sway magnitude and metabolic energy cost during upright standing on a compliant surface." Journal of Applied Physiology 119, no. 6 (September 15, 2015): 696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00907.2014.

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Postural control performance is often described in terms of postural sway magnitude, assuming that lower sway magnitude reflects better performance. However, people do not typically minimize sway magnitude when performing a postural control task. Possibly, other criteria are satisfied when people select the amount of sway they do. Minimal metabolic cost has been suggested as such a criterion. The aim of this study was to experimentally test the relation between sway magnitude and metabolic cost to establish whether metabolic cost could be a potential optimization criterion in postural control. Nineteen healthy subjects engaged in two experiments in which different magnitudes of sway were evoked during upright standing on a foam surface while metabolic energy expenditure, center of pressure (CoP) excursion, and muscle activation were recorded. In one experiment, sway was manipulated by visual feedback of CoP excursion. The other experiment involved verbal instructions of standing still, natural or relaxed. In both experiments, metabolic cost changed with sway magnitude in an asymmetric parabolic fashion, with a minimum around self-selected sway magnitudes and a larger increase at small compared with large sway magnitudes. This metabolic response was paralleled by a change in tonic and phasic EMG activity in the major leg muscles. It is concluded that these results are in line with the notion that metabolic cost can be an optimization criterion used to set postural control and as such could account for the magnitude of naturally occurring postural sway in healthy individuals, although the pathway remains to be elucidated.

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Kang, Hyun Gu, and Lewis A. Lipsitz. "Stiffness Control of Balance During Quiet Standing and Dual Task in Older Adults: The MOBILIZE Boston Study." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 6 (December 2010): 3510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00820.2009.

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Distractions affect postural control, but this mechanism is not well understood. Diversion of resources during cognitive stress may lead to decreased motor drive and postural muscle tone. This may appear as decreased postural stiffness and increased postural sway amplitude. We hypothesized that dual tasking leads to decreased stiffness and increased sway amplitude. Postural sway (center of pressure; COP) data were used from 724 participants aged 77.9 ± 5.3 yr, a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults, the MOBILIZE Boston Study cohort. Subjects stood barefoot with eyes open for 30 s per trial on a force plate. Five trials were performed each with and without a serial subtractions-by-3 task. Sway data were fit to a damped oscillator inverted pendulum model. Amplitudes (COP and center of mass), mechanical stiffness, and damping of the sway behavior were determined. Sway amplitudes and damping increased with the dual task ( P < 0.001); stiffness decreased only mediolaterally ( P < 0.001). Those with difficulty doing the dual task exhibited larger sway and less damping mediolaterally ( P ≤ 0.001) and an increased stiffness with dual task anteroposteriorly (interaction P = 0.004). Dual task could still independently explain increases in sway ( P < 0.001) after accounting for stiffness changes. Thus the hypothesis was supported only in mediolateral sway. The simple model helped to explain the dual task related increase of sway only mediolaterally. It also elucidated the differential influence of cognitive function on the mechanics of anteroposterior and mediolateral sway behaviors. Dual task may divert the resources necessary for mediolateral postural control, thus leading to falls.

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Singh, Navrag B., Maury A. Nussbaum, Dingding Lin, and Michael L. Madigan. "Effect of Localized Muscle Fatigue Induced at Different Joints on Postural Control." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 14 (September 2005): 1306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901409.

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Localized muscle fatigue has been demonstrated to compromise postural control, yet potential differential effects of the site of fatigue have not been determined. In this study, the effects of short-term induced fatigue in four muscle groups (shoulder, torso, knee, and ankle) on standing sway were determined. Sixteen young participants were required to perform fatiguing sub-maximal isotonic exercises. Postural sway was recorded using a force plate before and after the exercises. Fatigue induced at the ankle and torso was found to have largest adverse effects on postural control. These results have implications for the control of fatigue-related falls and the design of future experiments.

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Wang, Yun, Kazuhiko Watanabe, and Tadayoshi Asaka. "Age Effects on Multi-muscle Modes during Voluntary Body Sway." Research in Sports Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2014.975808.

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Moraes, Carlos T., Federica Ciacci, Eduardo Bonilla, Victor Ionasescu, Eric A. Schon, and Salvatore DiMauro. "A mitochondrial tRNA anticodon swap associated with a muscle disease." Nature Genetics 4, no. 3 (July 1993): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0793-284.

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Kiers, Henri, Simon Brumagne, Jaap van Dieën, and Luc Vanhees. "Test–retest reliability of muscle vibration effects on postural sway." Gait & Posture 40, no. 1 (May 2014): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.03.184.

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CHOI, JIN SEUNG, DONG WON KANG, JEONG WOO SEO, TAE HO KIM, HAE MI CHO, and GYE RAE TACK. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF AGE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN BALANCE, MUSCLE STRENGTH, AND POSTURAL SWAY FOR THE RISK OF FALLING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 17, no. 07 (November 2017): 1740021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519417400218.

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Fall is the main cause of activity decline for the elderly. In general, it has been known to be closely related to decline in muscle strength and physical balance. The age profile of the elderly has a very wide range from 60 to 90 or more. Therefore, this study was to determine age-specific risk factors for falling in elderly individuals. Elderly females were included either in the old group ([Formula: see text]75 years; [Formula: see text], with 11 fallers and 24 nonfallers) or the older group ([Formula: see text]75 years; [Formula: see text], with 14 fallers and 22 nonfallers). The following were assessed and compared between the age-based groups and between fall-based subgroups (fallers and nonfallers within a given age group): height, weight, mental state, balance on the Berg balance scale (BBS), muscle strength of nine muscle groups, and 20 variables of postural sway. The two age-based groups differed significantly in terms of height, weight, balance, and postural sway (total sway area, 95% ellipse area, root mean square, mean distance, and total power); on the other hand, the fall-based subgroups differed only in terms of the median frequency of postural sway. Furthermore, the strength of the hip abductors displayed an interaction effect between age and fall status, and the result of main effect analysis revealed significant differences between fallers from the two age-based groups. These results confirm that extraction of specific factors for each age group is necessary to perform fall detection and prevention studies for the healthy elderly.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Swan mussel'

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