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Journal articles on the topic 'Swati language'
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Davey, A. S. "A Swati comparative list." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 4 (1990): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586871.
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Suzman, Susan M. "Kay McCormick & R. Mestrie (eds.), Post-Apartheid South Africa. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 136. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999." Language in Society 30, no. 2 (2001): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501212056.
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In South Africa, the transition from an apartheid regime to a popularly elected government in 1994 made possible wide-ranging changes in power relations in every sphere of human interaction, including language. Under the new political dispensation, there are 11 official languages (listed in order of numbers of speakers): Zulu, Xhosa, Afrikaans, Tswana, North Sotho, English, South Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Ndebele, and Venda. They replace English and Afrikaans, formerly the 2 official languages.
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Liljegren, Henrik, and Afsar Ali Khan. "Khowar." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 47, no. 2 (2016): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100316000220.
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Khowar (ISO 639-3: khw) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by 200,000–300,000 (Decker 1992: 31–32; Bashir 2003: 843) people in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (formerly North-West Frontier Province). The majority of the speakers are found in Chitral (a district and erstwhile princely state bordering Afghanistan, see Figure 1), where the language is used as a lingua franca, but there are also important pockets of speaker groups in adjacent areas of Gilgit-Baltistan and Swat District as well as a considerable number of recent migrants to larger cities such as Peshawar and Rawalpindi (Decker 1992: 25–26). Its closest linguistic relative is Kalasha, a much smaller language spoken in a few villages in southern Chitral (Morgenstierne 1961: 138; Strand 1973: 302, 2001: 252). While Khowar has preserved a number of features (phonological, morphological as well as lexical) now lost in other Indo-Aryan languages of the surrounding Hindukush-Karakoram mountain region, it has, over time, incorporated a massive amount of lexical material from neighbouring or influential Iranian languages (Morgenstierne 1936) – and with it, new phonological distinctions. Certain features might also be attributable to formerly dominant languages (e.g. Turkic), or to linguistic substrates, either in the form of, or related to, the language isolate Burushaski, or other, now extinct, languages previously spoken in the area (Morgenstierne 1932: 48, 1947: 6; Bashir 2007: 208–214). There is relatively little dialectal variation among the speakers in Chitral itself, probably attributable to the relative recency of the present expansion of the language (Morgenstierne 1932: 50).
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Baart, Joan L. G. "Tone Rules in Kalam Kohistani (Garwi, Bashkarik)." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 62, no. 1 (1999): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00017584.
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Kalam Kohistani is a Dardic language spoken in the upper parts of the Swat and Panjkora valleys (Swat Kohistan and Dir Kohistan), in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province. In the literature, the language is known by different names, the most familiar of which are Garwi and Bashkarik. The name Garwi occurs in the Linguistic Survey of India (LSI, 8/2: 507ff.), while Bashkarik is used by Morgenstierne (1940), which is the standard reference on the language to date.
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Mordaunt, Owen Glen. "Attitudes of Swazi teacher trainees towards first official language." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 12, no. 3 (1991): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1991.9994459.
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Gikandi, Simon. "Editor's Column: Provincializing English." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 1 (2014): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.1.7.
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What are we to do with english? Of all the major languages of the world, it causes the most anxiety. Its words seem to want to invade the citadels of other languages, forcing institutions such as the Académie Française to call for barricades against it; in the enclaves of Englishness, a Celtic fringe struggles to hold on to the remnants of the mother tongue; and in most parts of the world those without the ostensibly anointed language often see themselves as permanently locked out of the spring-wells of modernity. Sometimes the global linguistic map appears to be a simple division between those with English and those without it. In the reaches of the former British Empire, a swath of the globe stretching from Vancouver east to the Malay Peninsula, English has come to be seen as an advantage in the competitive world of global politics and trade; in the emerging powers of East Asia, most notably China and South Korea, the consumption of global English is evident in the huge sale of books on English as a second language; in parts of the world traditionally cut off from English, including eastern Europe, the mastery of the language marks the moment of arrival. Most linguistic research on English is carried out in institutions in the Germanic and Nordic zones of northern Europe. In popular books on language and in serious linguistic studies, a powerful myth of English as the global language has taken hold. We are presented not with a world at the end of history but with one in which English sits at the center of a new global community: “English-speaking people and their culture are more widespread in numbers and influence than any civilization the world has ever seen,” claims Robert McCrum (257).
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Mthembu, Maxwell Vusumuzi. "The Political and Economic History of Swaziland’s First Indigenous-language Newspaper, Izwi Lama Swazi (The Voice of the Swazi)." African Journalism Studies 41, no. 1 (2020): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23743670.2020.1727545.
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Torwali, Zubair. "Adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to Torwali." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 64 (August 31, 2020): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.64.2020.583.
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 Torwali, a Dardic language of the Indo-Aryan family spoken in the District Swat in Pakistan, is an endangered language that lacks a literary tradition. This paper gives a background on the Torwali language and people, and describes the development of an orthography for Torwali and the establishment of Torwali-medium schools by the local organization Idara Baraye Taleem-o-Taraqi ‘institute for education and development’ (IBT). Finally, the process of adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instruments for Narratives (MAIN) to Torwali is outlined.
 
 
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Starza-Majewski, O. "A Princely Head from Swat." South Asian Studies 10, no. 1 (1994): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1994.9628472.
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Prinsloo, Danie J. "Electronic Dictionaries viewed from South Africa." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 18, no. 34 (2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v18i34.25798.
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The aim of this article is to evaluate currently available electronic dictionaries from a South African perspective for the eleven official languages of South Africa namely English, Afrikaans and the nine Bantu languages Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana, Tsonga and Venda. A brief discussion of the needs and status quo for English and Afrikaans will be followed by a more detailed discussion of the unique nature and consequent electronic dictionary requirements of the Bantu languages. In the latter category the focus will be on problematic aspects of lemmatisation which can only be solved in the electronic dictionary dimension.
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K, Karthick, and Thiruveni V. "Religiosity in Pulamai ilakkanam." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21419.
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Until the Sangam literary period (till 200 AD), Tamil language was secular and Tamil literature was created with an emphasis on virtue in both internal and external life. After that, religious literature started appearing in Tamil language. Tamil grammar texts are based on literature that appeared in different periods. Thus the “Pulamai ilakkanam” (grammar for scholarliness) composed by Vannacharabam Dantapani swami reveals the literary context that prevailed in the 19th century when he lived. Pulamai ilakkanam shows the author's religiosity and the religious beliefs and devotion in the field of education and literature at that time. Grammar is the rules for creating literature. If so, constructing Tamil scholarliness in relation to a particular religion would be tantamount to narrow down the breadth of the Tamil language. Based on the content of Pulamai ilakkanam and the literary context of the time, this article discusses the dominance of the religions over Tamil literature and the use oflanguage by religions for their development.
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Elliott, Kevin C. "Framing conservation: ‘biodiversity’ and the values embedded in scientific language." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 4 (2020): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000302.
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SummaryThe global loss of biodiversity is one of the most important challenges facing humanity, and a multi-faceted strategy is needed to address the size and complexity of this problem. This paper draws on scholarship from the philosophy of science and environmental ethics to help address one aspect of this challenge: namely, the question of how to frame biodiversity loss in a compelling manner. The paper shows that the concept of biodiversity, like many scientific concepts, is value-laden in the sense that it tends to support some ethical or social values over others. Specifically, in comparison with other potential concepts, the biodiversity concept is tied more closely to the notion that nature has intrinsic value than to the idea that nature is valuable instrumentally or relationally. Thus, alternative concepts could prove helpful for communicating about biodiversity loss with those who emphasize different value systems. The paper briefly discusses five concepts that illustrate the potential for using different concepts in different contexts. Going forward, conservationists would do well to recognize the values embedded in their language choices and work with social scientists to develop a suite of concepts that can motivate the broadest swath of people to promote conservation.
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Wu, Yu Ren. "Form Grinding Simulation and Tool Abrasion Estimation for Twin Screw Compressor Rotors Based on Solidworks API." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.174.
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This paper presents a form grinding simulation of twin-screw compressor rotors with high precision. The simulation interface has been developed using VB.NET programming language based on SWAPI (SolidWorks Application Programming Interface), and the mathematical model of rotor form grinding has been established for generating the tool-feeding path. Based on the proposed procedure, the machined rotor model can be rapidly obtained with the required precision. Furthermore, the grinding area and tool abrasion on the grinding wheel can be both estimated and displayed through the use of existing SW tools for longevity assessment.
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Dasgupta, Koushiki. "Textualing Women as ‘Hindu’." Indian Historical Review 44, no. 2 (2017): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983617726640.
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Institutional interpretation on Hindu womanhood is one of the vague areas of historical research in modern India. The rise and growth of ‘new’ Indian womanhood in late nineteenth century put forward a number of unresolved issues like domesticity, conjugality, sexuality public service, motherhood, companionate marriages and others into the nationalist arena and a few pamphlets were published in twentieth century to redress these issues from an ultra-gendered platform. One such interpretation came from the Bharat Sevashram Sangha which not only challenged the notions of ‘neo’ womanhood of nineteenth century, but also provided one sanctified ideal of Hindu womanhood based on the alternative mode of Hindutva, if not Hindu nationalism. Swami Vedananda’s Hindu Narir Adorsho O Sadhona (The Ideals and Vows of the Hindu Women) could be cited as an excellent example of how obscure references from classical Hinduism were used to ‘legitimise’ and ‘revive’ the past for the reconstruction of Hindu womanhood at a time when a hegemonic middle-class culture had already been consolidated on the language of nationalist modernity. Bharat Sevashram Sangha and, for example, Swami Vedananda completely rejected modernity as an offshoot of colonialism; a paradox which defined woman both as self-conscious subject and as passive recipients of reform. The present article seeks to analyse the text of Swami Vedananda as a counter narrative of colonial/nationalist modernity on Hindu womanhood and traces the reasons why the Sangh failed to resolve the question of ‘female masculinity’ it had once proposed to work on.
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Farooq Swati, Muhammad, and Makeen Khan. "A Note on Jewellery Moulds from Miadam, Swat." South Asian Studies 17, no. 1 (2001): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2001.9628600.
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Khushnuma, Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary, and Rukhsana Durrani. "Mother Tongue as Medium of Instruction for Effective Communication and Science Learning at Elementary Level." Global Educational Studies Review V, no. IV (2020): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2020(v-iv).05.
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In most of the developed countries, science is being taught in the native language. However, the situation is not the same in other countries. This quasi-experimental study was designed to find the effect of communication using native language on student's learning of science subject at the elementary level. The sample of the study consisted of 50 Pushto speaking female students of Swabi KPK, Pakistan. The results of the study indicated that in the post-test, scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different. The study concluded that in fostering student's science learning, teaching science through mother tongue is found effective at the elementary level as it enables students to communicate with teachers and other fellow students and enables them to discuss ideas, experiences, and problems faced during the learning process. It is suggested that this investigation should be repeated in other districts where pupils do not perform well in other science subjects.
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Iqbal, Asad, Atta Ullah, and Alam Zeb. "Classroom Management Practices of Secondary School Teachers in District Swat." journal of social sciences review 1, no. 1 (2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.2021.1.1.13.
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The study aimed to investigate teachers' classroom management strategies atsecondary level. The study's objectives were; to find out the classroom management strategies of secondary schools' teachers, identify problems in the classroom management of secondary schools' teachersand suggest strategies for effective classroom management atsecondary level. The population of the study was 5623 male secondary schools' teachers of district Swat. The researchers randomly selected a sample of 100 teachers through simple random sampling for the study and developed a questionnaire to collect data. The data were gathered with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed with frequency, percentages and Chi-square test. The study found the classroom management strategies of teachers as interactive discussion before classes, in the beginning,development of class rules in consultation with students, assigning individual, pair and group work to students, giving respect to the questions and answers of students and the use of body language to control misbehavior in their classes.It identified the problem of difficulty in establishing rapport with students in the beginning of the classes and suggested the strategies of interactive discussion, development of rules in consultation with students, assigning roles to students, use of body gestures and provision of pleasure environment in classes for effective classroom management. Keywords:classroom management, district Swat, practices, secondary schools teachers
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LABABIDI, ROLA. "Foreign Language Writing Anxiety: The Perceptions and Experiences of Freshmen Lebanese University Students." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 3 (2021): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.84.9277.
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Writing is an essential skill for language production. However, many English as Foreign language learners (EFL) face many difficulties in writing. This study aims to shed light on the psychological aspect of writing; more specifically writing anxiety. Consequently, the main purpose of this exploratory mixed-method study is to explore and investigate the sources and manifestations of foreign language writing anxiety among Lebanese university students. The participants were Lebanese EFL university students (N=87). Data for this study was gathered from the use of the Second Language Writing anxiety scale(SLWAI), Sources of Writing Anxiety Inventory(SWAI), and semi-structured Focus group interviews (FG). Focus interviews with students were used to triangulate the derived data from the inventories. This study provides numerical data regarding the level of writing anxiety among students. The data from the FG interviews were transcribed and uploaded for thematic coding and further analysis. The results from this study shed light on the sources and manifestation of the writing anxiety among students. It also helps to disseminate several practical recommendations for the alleviation of writing anxiety among students. It is assumed that the findings will address the perceived psychological needs of Lebanese EFL learners and provide grounds for further research.
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Rahman, Bakht, Salman Hamid, and Asma Gul. "The Impact of Stress on the Performance of University Students in the Light of Krashen’s Affective Filter Theory." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 3, no. 2 (2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/3.2.7.
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This paper investigates the impact of stress on the performance of students in the light of Krashen’s affective filter theory. Stress, according to Krashen, is responsible for high affective filter which in turn is responsible for low input and as a result, poor performance of the students in terms of language acquisition. Stress is, therefore, a key factor in affecting the academic performance of students at various levels. Students are often under pressure either on the part of their parents, colleagues or from their teachers to secure good grades. There are certain other variables too which contribute to the stress level of students and thereby affect their language acquisition. This quantitative study uses a questionnaire to collect data from 90 students of 1st semester in Women University Swabi. The background of the students was from social and applied sciences where the students study this as compulsory course. The results of the data show that stress has a definite negative impact on the performance of students. The study has important implications for educationists, academics, and policy makers.
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Brear, Michelle. "Swazi co-researcher participants’ dynamic preferences and motivations for, representation with real names and (English-language) pseudonyms – an ethnography." Qualitative Research 18, no. 6 (2017): 722–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794117743467.
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Using pseudonyms is the accepted and expected ethical practice for maintaining participants’ privacy in qualitative research. However it may not always be ethical, for example in participatory action research (PAR), where academics aim to recognise co-researcher participants’ contributions. I used Bourdieusian theory to analyse data detailing deliberations about, and the dynamic pseudonym-related preferences of, 10 co-researcher participants, generated through an ethnography of PAR in rural Swaziland. The analysis demonstrates the salience of engaging participants in careful deliberations about pseudonyms and the racism and privilege inherent to the practice of White (or otherwise powerful) academics researching and representing non-White (or otherwise marginalized) participants. It further highlights practical strategies academics might employ to facilitate ethical and potentially transformative deliberations with their research participants about pseudonyms, which unmask this racism and privilege.
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Homer, Emily M., Cheryl Bickerton, Sherry Hill, Lisa Parham, and Darlene Taylor. "Development of an Interdisciplinary Dysphagia Team in the Public Schools." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 31, no. 1 (2000): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.3101.62.
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This article describes the development of a school-based dysphagia team (swallowing action team [SWAT]) within the St. Tammany Parish School System located in Covington, Louisiana. The team's vision was to ensure safe nutrition and hydration for students at risk for swallowing dysfunction during school hours. This article addresses how the team was initially formed, the process of identifying students who were exhibiting a swallowing disorder, steps taken for staff development, and problems encountered in seeking administrative approval. The current status of the dysphagia program, as well as future plans for further implementation, are also presented.
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PIRBHAI, M. REZA. "DEMONS IN HINDUTVA: WRITING A THEOLOGY FOR HINDU NATIONALISM." Modern Intellectual History 5, no. 1 (2008): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244307001527.
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This article explores the vast body of English language works on Hinduism published since 1981 by Voice of India—an influential right-wing Hindu publishing house headquartered in New Delhi, but contributed to by Indians at “home” and in diasporic communities, as well as Europeans and North Americans. Focus on the construction of the Hindu “Self” and the non-Hindu “Other” shows the manner in which European thought, primarily represented by the contributions of colonial-era British and German indologists, but bolstered by evangelicals, Utilitarians and Arabo-Islamicists from the same era, has become an important feature of postcolonial forms of Hinduism. In particular, the influence of fin de siècle German indologist Paul Deussen, mediated by such colonial-era Hindu thinkers as Swami Dayananda, Swami Vivekananda, Sri Aurobindo Ghose and Mahatma Gandhi, not only defines Voice of India's theology, but leads to the construction of a Hindu Self that is the personification of “Aryan godliness” and a non-Hindu Other that is essentialized as a “Semitic Demon.” Although closely associated with and often serving the political initiatives of the Sangh Parivar, the authors of this theology have been kept at arm's length by the organization for reasons of political expediency. Both the growing network of contributors to and consumers of this view, and its periodic use by the Sangh Parivar, insure that it represents a significant development in the ideology of Hindutva.
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Woodson, Dorothy C. "The J. S. M. Matsebula Collection at the University of Swaziland." History in Africa 18 (1991): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172073.
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On 24 November 1989 the Library at the University of Swaziland in Kwaluseni formally received a large portion of the papers and manuscripts of the eminent Swazi writer, historian, statesman, and current chief executive of the Swaziland National Trust, J. S. M. Matsebula. The deposit of these papers has formed the nucleus of a small, but interesting and rapidly expanding, Swaziana Collection and this contribution, it is hoped, will inspire other prominent Swazis and scholars of Swaziland similarly to deposit their materials. The preeminent anthropologist, Hilda Kuper, has recently offered her large and valuable collection of manuscripts and field notes to the University of Swaziland, and the elder statesman, J. J. Nquku, founder of the Swaziland Progressive Party (among other accomplishments), is preparing his personal papers for the Collection as well. Additionally, it has just been learned that the Swaziland Oral History Project materials will be transferred to the University of Swaziland from the University of the Witwatersrand.James Shadrack Mkhulunyelwa Matsebula was born in 1918, outside Mbabane, the capital of Swaziland, into a family which has traditionally played a significant role in ritual Swazi royal life. The King's first wife is chosen from the Matsebulas and is known as laMatsebula. He was educated in Swaziland and South Africa and has written on a wide variety of topics in several genres and languages.
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Al-Gamdi, Mohammad Ali. "Virtual Reality in TEFL Context, Instructors’ Perspectives in a Saudi University." English Language and Literature Studies 9, no. 2 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v9n2p25.
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The purpose of this study is to explore instructors’ perspectives in a Saudi university about using virtual reality in TEFL context. The sample of the study consisted of 6 instructors randomly selected from different faculties affiliated to Al-Baha University. The instrument of the study is based on semi-structured interviews administered to the targeted participants. The researcher used SWAT analysis to process the elicited data. The Findings of the study indicate that strength points of using virtual reality to teach English are VR is exciting, authentic, and more interactive learning style for English language learners as compared to conventional learning style, weakness points are financial setbacks of implementing VR and the inexperienced instructors who need training to implement VR to teach English. The results indicate that there is only one main threat of using VR to teach the English language in the Saudi context, namely that VR could be a distraction for some students. This study generates new insights into processes of adopting VR to teach English language in the Saudi context and the potential strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats to such adoption in the target university. The study concluded with recommendations to the concerned institutions for the betterment of using VR in EFL contexts. The researcher suggests further studies to be conducted in similar contexts for using VR in EFL institutions.
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Shapero, Daniel R., Jessica A. Badgeley, Andrew O. Hoffman, and Ian R. Joughin. "icepack: a new glacier flow modeling package in Python, version 1.0." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 7 (2021): 4593–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4593-2021.
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Abstract. We introduce a new software package called “icepack” for modeling the flow of glaciers and ice sheets. The icepack package is built on the finite element modeling library Firedrake, which uses the Unified Form Language (UFL), a domain-specific language embedded into Python for describing weak forms of partial differential equations. The diagnostic models in icepack are formulated through action principles that are specified in UFL. The components of each action functional can be substituted for different forms of the user's choosing, which makes it easy to experiment with the model physics. The action functional itself can be used to define a solver convergence criterion that is independent of the mesh and requires little tuning on the part of the user. The icepack package includes the 2D shallow ice and shallow stream models. We have also defined a 3D hybrid model based on spectral semi-discretization of the Blatter–Pattyn equations. Finally, icepack includes a Gauss–Newton solver for inverse problems that runs substantially faster than the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) method often used in the glaciological literature. The overall design philosophy of icepack is to be as usable as possible for a wide a swath of the glaciological community, including both experts and novices in computational science.
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Stroud, Scott R. "The Pluralistic Style and the Demands of Intercultural Rhetoric: Swami Vivekananda at the World’s Parliament of Religions." Advances in the History of Rhetoric 21, no. 3 (2018): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15362426.2018.1526545.
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James, David, and Urmila Seshagiri. "Metamodernism: Narratives of Continuity and Revolution." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 1 (2014): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.1.87.
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The task for contemporary literature is to deal with the legacy of modernism.—Tom McCarthy (2010)A century separates us from an iconic moment of aesthetic metamorphosis: 1914 witnessed the appearance of James Joyce's Dubliners, Gertrude Stein's Tender Buttons, Mina Loy's “Parturition,” and the vorticist journal Blast. It was the year Dora Marsden and Harriet Shaw Weaver, aided by Ezra Pound, started the literary review the Egoist in London and Condé Nast and Frank Crowninshield launched Vanity Fair in New York. Arnold Schoenberg's atonal symphonic works assaulted classical sonorities; Wassily Kandinsky elevated the purity of geometric form above the functional work of visual representation. Most crucially, 1914 saw the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo and the subsequent outbreak of the First World War. Cutting a bloody, four-year swath across Europe, the war took almost forty million lives and rendered all subsequent formal innovation inseparable from cultural devastation: thus the intricate, ruptured literary architectures of The Waste Land (1922), Ulysses (1922), and To the Lighthouse (1927).
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Olivieri, Luca M. "Hanging Rocks and ‘Intoxicating Drinks’: The Rock Art Sequence of the Swat Valley." South Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (2008): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2008.9628678.
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Olivieri, Luca M. "Coat Scales and Correlated Finds from Bir-kot-ghwandai Stratigraphic Context (Swat, Pakistan)." South Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (2011): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2011.556014.
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Rahman, Sami ur. "http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/220." Habibia islamicus 5, no. 3 (2021): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2021.0503u05.
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The word Dir is derived from Sanskrit language, which means a place of worship or a monastery. The Greek would call Dir as "Goraaye". At some point in the past the word "yaghestᾱn" was used as the name for Dir, Bajaur and Gilgit areas. Dir is comprised of beautiful valleys in the high peaked Hamalyas mountains in the province of Khyber pakhtunkhwa. It was a princely state. It is bounded by Chitral to the northe west, swat to the east, Malakand to the south, Bajaur and Afghanistan to its south west. At the time of independence of Pakistan, the state of Dir was ruled by Nawab shah jehan. Dir was acceded to Pakistan in 1969. It was given the status of district in 1970 and in 1996 it was devided into two districts ,i.e lower and upper Dir. Dir has produced many renowned personalities in the politcs as well as in the religious field. This article belonges to the religious scholars ('ulamᾱ) of District Dir and their remarkable contributions in the field of Fiqa, specially in the Urdu language. Some of these scholars are; Maulana Abdul Ghani, Qazi wali Ur Rahman,Qazi Adusalam, Maulana Hzrat Said, Dr Izaz Ali, Shaikh Abdul haleem,Qazi Hazrat Mahmood,Mulana Abdullah and Mulana Zia Ul Haq. In this research paper introduction of the Ulamᾱ-e-Dir and their services of Fiqa in Urdu language have been mentioned which will help inculcate the readers their outlook and will be an advantageous adition to the research endeavors.
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Khan, Rafiullah. "Sacrality Continues: Socio-Religious Syncretism in Swat and its Manifestation in Oral and Visual Traditions." South Asian Studies 32, no. 2 (2016): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2016.1231413.
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Reichert, P. "A standard interface between simulation programs and systems analysis software." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 1 (2006): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.029.
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A simple interface between simulation programs and systems analytical software is proposed. This interface is designed to facilitate linkage of environmental simulation programs with systems analytical software and thus can contribute to remedying the deficiency in applying systems analytical techniques to environmental modelling studies. The proposed concept, consisting of a text file interface combined with a batch mode simulation program call, is independent of model structure, operating system and programming language. It is open for implementation by academic and commercial simulation and systems analytical software developers and is very simple to implement. Its practicability is demonstrated by implementations for three environmental simulation packages (AQUASIM, SWAT and LEACHM) and two systems analytical program packages (UNCSIM, SUFI). The properties listed above and the demonstration of the ease of implementation of the approach are prerequisites for the stimulation of a widespread implementation of the proposed interface that would be beneficial for the dissemination of systems analytical techniques in the environmental and engineering sciences. Furthermore, such a development could stimulate the transfer of systems analytical techniques between different fields of application.
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Albisetti, James C. "A Partial Agenda for Modern European Educational History." History of Education Quarterly 53, no. 2 (2013): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12012.
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Attempting to establish an agenda for one's own research is often challenging; trying to do so for a broad swath of one's field is even more so. I accepted the invitation to propose one in the hope that graduate students and younger colleagues—especially those willing to put in the work to obtain at least reading fluency in foreign languages—might benefit from the suggestions of potentially fruitful research topics from someone who has been reading widely in modern European educational history for almost forty years. Such an agenda is partial in both meanings of the word: it does not come close to exhausting all possible topics, and it necessarily reflects my own areas of expertise and interest. That means a focus primarily on the nineteenth century, with more attention both to secondary than to either elementary or university education, and to girls’ schooling than to boys’. As a caveat, I may not be cognizant of all that has been published or is in the works even for the themes suggested.
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Hillenbrand, James M. "American English: Southern Michigan." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33, no. 1 (2003): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100303001221.
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As Ladefoged (1999) points out in his description of American English, there is considerable diversity in the phonetic characteristics of English spoken in North America, such that the commonly used phrase ‘General American English’ is not entirely meaningful. The description of American English provided by Ladefoged was based on a southern California dialect. The purpose of this report is to augment that account with a brief description of southern Michigan speech patterns. According to Labov and colleagues (e.g. Labov, Yeager & Steiner 1972, Labov 1994), southern Michigan, particularly in its urban areas, is part of a relatively large dialect region in the inland northeast United States called ‘Northern Cities’. According to Labov, the Northern Cities dialect cuts an irregular swath through a chain of cities in the inland northeast extending, roughly, from upstate New York (e.g. Syracuse, Rochester, Buffalo), through northern Ohio (e.g. Cleveland, Toledo), southern Michigan (e.g. Detroit, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids), northwest Indiana (e.g. Gary, Hammond), northeast Illinois (e.g. Chicago, Rockford) and south-central Wisconsin (e.g. Milwaukee, Madison). Speakers from neighboring regions such as northwest Vermont, northwest Pennsylvania, and north-central/northeast Indiana appear to show some features of the dialect. Labov contends that the vowel shifts that characterize the Northern Cities dialect are observed in their most advanced forms in the largest urban areas of the region, such as Detroit, Buffalo, and Rochester.
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Ziaullah, Dr. Farooq Nawaz Khan, and Dr. Shazia Kanwal. "An Investigation into the Level of Burnout in Secondary School English Language Teachers and their Perception of Prevention of it." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 1, no. 4 (2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol1-iss4-2020(133-138).
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Research on burnout gained popularity in the 1970s but in the last three decades’ research about burnout gained immense popularity (Hedden, 2005, Harmesh, Laurenz, Maulana & Veen., 2018). Frudenberger (1974) defined the term (Burnout) for the first time who opined that when there are too many professional demands with limited resources and rewards, it causes a sense of chronic stress and failure. The current research study was undertaken to find out the level of burnout among secondary school English teacher and also their perception of prevention from burnout. The data from the respondents were collected through CBI inventory to measure their level of burnout and its effects on teachers at the secondary school level in district Swat. An open-ended 7 items questionnaire was used to identify the perception of the teachers about preventing them from burning out. The population for this study is comprised of government secondary schools’ teachers (230) male-only from which the sample group was selected through systematic sampling techniques. The reliability coefficient was measured through the Cronbach alpha method the= .00000. All the respondents used the categories indicating a low level of burnout and the average score of all the respondents is below 40 in most of the categories of burnout. The study recommends that the school management should take preventive measures to help teachers fight burnout on a school level and larger scale (directorate level) organizations should help teachers maintain balance in their work so that they do not fall victim to burnout. The study is of immense importance for the wellbeing of the teachers and the effective teaching-learning process. To be able to generalize the findings of the study, it is recommended for future researchers to undertake it on a larger scale such as provincial or country level. Moreover, the current research has been conducted only among male secondary school teachers. It would be interesting to see the research-based results across both genders.
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Yousafzai, Dost Muhammad, and Mehrunnisa. "The Role of Media in the Coverage of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) of Malakand Division (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)." Global Mass Communication Review V, no. II (2020): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2020(v-ii).04.
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The Taliban rule in Swat and the adjoining districts of Malakand Division was a major threat to the democratic stability of Pakistan. In consequence, the state had to mobilize the army and to curb militancy through force after all peaceful measures had failed. During the military operation, about 3 million people became IDPs (internally displaced persons) with no food and shelter. The only means of bringing the problems of the IDPs to the notice of public was possible only through media. The present research study is undertaken to highlight the role of media mainly the print in representing the IDPs, the language they used to describe the events and the experience of senior journalists (Bureau Chiefs) in the field. The study concludes that media performed in a commendable way to highlight the problems of IDPs, to glorify the army and to downplay the anti-state narrative of the Taliban. Further, it is found that despite all efforts, the media personnel felt torn between the various sides' expectations. On the one hand, they were pressed hard by the government and the IDPs to give them more coverage while the militants would also issue threats to them in case their views were not properly.
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TYMOSHCHUK, Nataliia. "GAMING FORMS AT FOREIGN LANGUAGE LESSONS AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING STUDENTS MOTIVATION TO STUDY ECONOMIC VOCABULARY." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 2 (42) (February 2019): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-2-13.
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The article investigates the problem of increasing the motivation of students of nonlinguistic higher education institutions to study the new scientific (economic) English vocabulary through the use of game techniques at foreign language classes. The motivation of the higher education institution student who studies a foreign language is a necessary component of the educational process. Today much attention is paid to the professional training of the future specialists, to the person adapting to the current conditions of the Ukrainian society development. We have become aware of the dominant role of language education. A specialist who speaks a foreign language has better prospects in job searching, studying abroad, participation in international projects and conferences, and getting acquainted with foreign professional experience. Our state is integrating into the European educational, economic and socio-cultural space. That’s why, a foreign language mastering is also necessary for the implementation of such an aspect of professional activity as the establishment of international contacts. These aspects, of course, determine the structure, goals, content and features of the educational process organization. The motivational and necessary pedagogical conditions for ensuring the qualitative professional training of the future specialist have been searched for an effective motivation of university students to study a foreign professional language, because effective use of motivation allows identifying internal reserves of personality for its development, education and upbringing. Motivation can affect both the performance of activities and the development of the personality. The aim of the article was to research the problem of increasing the students’ motivation of nonlinguistic higher institutions of education to study the new scientific (economic) English vocabulary through the use of game techniques at foreign language classes. The main form of teaching a foreign professional language at the university is a lesson. We tried to find out what students of the faculty of management and law of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University prefer to do at the foreign language classes. It was found that 36% of respondents have choses classes on the new professional terms memorizing; 24% of students have given priority communicative skills; spoken language is prevalent for 22% of respondents; writing various statements and documents is the main thing for 8% of future managers, 10% attend classes to assess their level. So, the vast majority of students of the faculty of management and law of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University want to study new professional vocabulary at their English lessons. The results of monitoring on problem existing, the optimal form of new term memorizing and the most effective means of teaching and memorizing vocabulary among students of the faculty of management and law of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University are presented. A comparative analysis of the students’ marks and successes before and after the game forms application at the classes of foreign professional language is conducted. It is noted that mastering foreign language professional vocabulary is a key component of a foreign professional language, it enables to increase the efficiency of the educational process, contributes to the formation of a competent specialist who is competitive in modern conditions. The game forms of foreign professional economic vocabulary studying enhance the ability of students to memorize new English-language professional terms effectively. At our foreign language classes we have used three well-known vocabulary games, i.e. I Have Who Has, the Fly Swat Game, and puzzles for vocabulary training for two months (eight lessons). It should be noted that before the experiment two students (4%) had excellent marks; 20 students (40%) had good marks, 23 (46 %) students had "D" and "E" marks; 5 students (10%) received "FX". These studies have shown the effectiveness of using game techniques for studying foreign economic vocabulary. It was found that three students (6%) received excellent marks; 24 students (48%) received good marks; 22 students (44%) had "D" and "C" marks; only one student had a "FX" rating. We agree that the evaluation system is an integral part of the game technique, because it aims to ensure the control of the quality of the acquired knowledge. Of course, such a system performs both control and self-monitoring function. The content of the game form is determined, undoubtedly, by its educational objectives.However, games significantly increased the vocabulary of students; they also led to an increase of their motivation to study a foreign professional language. We think that vocabulary memorizing depends on the rationally, conscious perception of terminology by the recipients (students). We note that the cognitive approach is actively developing both in Ukrainian and world psychology, cognition, psychonometrics, psycholinguistics and linguistics, is intended to solve a difficult task. It consists both in memorizing foreign words and expressions and mastering the concepts, phenomena, processes, mechanisms. The more informed decisions student take in choosing the word, the higher the level of his cognitive awareness, the better the word is memorized. Thus, the use of game techniques increases the ability of students to remember new words, because they activate their cognitive activity. It is proved that the analyzed form of economic vocabulary teaching significantly improves the ability of students to memorize the new English-language professional terms effectively, increased their motivation to study the new terminology of the business English language. This publication has not researched all the aspects of the multifaceted nature of the problem under study, therefore, further research is considered promising. It is recommended to analyze the cognitive approach in teaching students of English terminology.
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Raney, R. Keith. "Hybrid Dual-Polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar." Remote Sensing 11, no. 13 (2019): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11131521.
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Compact polarimetry for a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is reviewed. Compact polarimetry (CP) is intended to provide useful polarimetric image classifications while avoiding the disadvantages of space-based quadrature-polarimetric (quad-pol) SARs. Two CP approaches are briefly described, π/4 and circular. A third form, hybrid compact polarimetry (HCP) has emerged as the preferred embodiment of compact polarimetry. HCP transmits circular polarization and receives on two orthogonal linear polarizations. When seen through its associated data processing and image classification algorithms, HPC’s heritage dates back to the Stokes parameters (1852), which are summarized and explained in plain language. Hybrid dual-polarimetric imaging radars were in the payloads of two lunar-orbiting satellites, India’s Earth-observing RISAT-1, and Japan’s ALOS-2. In lunar or planetary orbit, a satellite equipped with an HCP imaging radar delivers the same class of polarimetric information as Earth-based radar astronomy. In stark contrast to quad-pol, compact polarimetry is compatible with wide swath modes of a SAR, including ScanSAR. All operational modes of the SARs aboard Canada’s three-satellite Radarsat Constellation Mission (RCM) are hybrid dual-polarimetric. Image classification methodologies for HCP data are reviewed, two of which introduce errors for reasons explained. Their use is discouraged. An alternative and recommended group of methodologies yields reliable results, illustrated by polarimetrically classified images. A survey over numerous quantitative studies demonstrates HCP polarimetric classification effectiveness. The results verify that the performance accuracy of the HCP architecture is comparable to the accuracy delivered by a quadrature-polarized SAR. Four appendices are included covering related topics, including comments on inflight calibration of an HCP radar.
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Bakker, Hans. "A Buddhist Foundation in Śārdīysa." Indo-Iranian Journal 61, no. 1 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-06101001.
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Abstract The article adduces reasons in support of the view that the famous Schøyen Copper Scroll does not come from Afghanistan (Bactria), as maintained by its editor Gudrun Melzer, but belongs to the land south of the Hindu Kush. The donation of a Buddhist Stūpa, recorded in the scroll, was officially made by the Devaputra King of Tālagāna, which may have been a place in the Panjab. It is argued, however, that this pious foundation was organized in particular by his Queen, who is said to have been the daughter of the King of Sārada. The first person speaking in the last 7 verses of the inscription may be identified as this Queen of Tālagāna, who speaks of her homecountry, indicating that the donated Stūpa was erected in the land of Sārada. The village in which the Stūpa was erected is called Śārdīysa. This village, it is argued, can be identified with the present-day village of Śārdi in the Neelum Valley of Kashmir. This region of Kashmir was controlled by the Hūṇa (Alchon) king Mehama, under whose rule the foundation is said to have taken place. The Alchon kings Khīṅgīla and Toramāna may have been mentioned in the scroll on account of their control over Gandhāra and the Panjab, in which the donor institution of Tālagāna was situated. The fourth Alchon king mentioned in the scroll, Javūkha, probably reigned in the Swat Valley. These four Alchon kings formed a confederacy, well-known from their common coinage. The scroll evinces that they were involved in the patronage of Buddhism.
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Budiasa, I. Nengah. "NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU DALAM TEKS GAGURITAN TAMTAM." Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 1, no. 2 (2017): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpah.v1i2.256.
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<p><em>Text Gaguritan Tam Tam as one of the classic works of literature that is used as a tool or medium to convey a moral message and values of Hinduism to the people, especially young children that contains the message that was brought through the narrative/penokohannya so it will be further assessed</em><em>. Based on this background, the problems of this research are: 1) Tam Tam Gaguritan Text Structure, 2) Meanings and functions contained in Tam Tam Gaguritan Text, and (3) The values of Hindu religious education contained in Gaguritan Tam Tam. Specifically, the research carried out has a purpose according to the problem.</em></p><p><em>The theory used is the theory of Instructionalism by teew, Hermeneutika function theory by Sumaryono, and Value theory by Koentjaningrat. The data used are primary and secondary data. Methods Data collection used is literature study, interviews, and document recording techniques, data analyzed with descriptive qualitative literature.</em></p><p><em>Based on the research, the results obtained are as follows: 1) Tam Tam Gaguritan Text consists of various pupils with text structure including, language code, and literature, language style, figure, plot, setting, theme and message, 2) Gaguritan Tam Tam tale tells the heartwarming story of the atman incarnation, the disciple of the ancient Aji Saka (sacred) magician of Java who is a loving gentleman named Ginal (Goddess Adnya Swari) and Ginul (Tam Tam) is very clever in all the inner and outer sciences, told is the ultimate incarnation, where through the life of the twists and turns that eventually both united and became king and queen to teach dharma so that can be picked various values from narrative set/plot characterizing in ceritannya. The meanings contained in it are, the meaning of advice, the meaning of love and happiness, the meaning of hope, purpose and self-defense, the meaning of disappointment and anger, the meaning of resignation and abstinence, the meaning of anxiety and evil, the meaning of life goals, the meaning of admiration and gratitude, Its function is as a medium of education, means of entertainment and association (pesanthian), counselor of feeling (kundalini), and 3) Values contained in Tam Tam Geguritan Text: srad</em><em>dh</em><em>a value, ethical value in brahmacari, moral value (subha and asuha karma) And leadership value.</em><em></em></p>
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Bergamasco, A., A. Benetazzo, S. Carniel, et al. "Knowledge discovery in large model datasets in the marine environment: the THREDDS Data Server example." Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 3, no. 1 (2012): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2012.5325.
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In order to monitor, describe and understand the marine environment, many research institutions are involved in the acquisition and distribution of ocean data, both from observations and models. Scientists from these institutions are spending too much time looking for, accessing, and reformatting data: they need better tools and procedures to make the science they do more efficient. The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (US-IOOS) is working on making large amounts of distributed data usable in an easy and efficient way. It is essentially a network of scientists, technicians and technologies designed to acquire, collect and disseminate observational and modelled data resulting from coastal and oceanic marine regions investigations to researchers, stakeholders and policy makers. In order to be successful, this effort requires standard data protocols, web services and standards-based tools. Starting from the US-IOOS approach, which is being adopted throughout much of the oceanographic and meteorological sectors, we describe here the CNR-ISMAR Venice experience in the direction of setting up a national Italian IOOS framework using the THREDDS (THematic Real-time Environmental Distributed Data Services) Data Server (TDS), a middleware designed to fill the gap between data providers and data users. The TDS provides services that allow data users to find the data sets pertaining to their scientific needs, to access, to visualize and to use them in an easy way, without downloading files to the local workspace. In order to achieve this, it is necessary that the data providers make their data available in a standard form that the TDS understands, and with sufficient metadata to allow the data to be read and searched in a standard way. The core idea is then to utilize a Common Data Model (CDM), a unified conceptual model that describes different datatypes within each dataset. More specifically, Unidata (<a href="http://www.unidata.ucar.edu" target="_blank">www.unidata.ucar.edu</a>) has developed CDM specifications for many of the different kinds of data used by the scientific community, such as grids, profiles, time series, swath data. These datatypes are aligned the NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions and with Climate Science Modelling Language (CSML); CF-compliant NetCDF files and GRIB files can be read directly with no modification, while non compliant files can be modified to meet appropriate metadata requirements. Once standardized in the CDM, the TDS makes datasets available through a series of web services such as OPeNDAP or Open Geospatial Consortium Web Coverage Service (WCS), allowing the data users to easily obtain small subsets from large datasets, and to quickly visualize their content by using tools such as GODIVA2 or Integrated Data Viewer (IDV). In addition, an ISO metadata service is available through the TDS that can be harvested by catalogue broker services (e.g. GI-cat) to enable distributed search across federated data servers. Example of TDS datasets can be accessed at the CNR-ISMAR Venice site <a href="http://tds.ve.ismar.cnr.it:8080/thredds/catalog.html" target="_blank">http://tds.ve.ismar.cnr.it:8080/thredds/catalog.html</a>.
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Graham, Lorie M., and Stephen M. McJohn. "Intellectual Property's First Sale Doctrine and the Policy Against Restraints on Alienation." Texas A&M Law Review 7, no. 3 (2020): 497–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v7.i3.1.
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The first sale doctrine decouples intellectual property and physical property. Suppose, at an auction at Sotheby’s, someone bought a contemporary painting by Chuck Close. The buyer now owns the physical painting, but the copyright to the painting remains with the owner of the copyright—the painter Chuck Close or whomever Close may have transferred the copyright to. Absent the first sale doctrine, if the buyer either sold the painting or displayed it to the public, the buyer would potentially infringe the copyright in the painting. The copyright owner has the exclusive right to display copies (including the original, the first copy) of the painting to the public and to distribute copies to the public. However, the first sale doctrine provides that the owner of an authorized copy may display or distribute that particular copy without infringing. The distribution right and display right no longer apply; these rights are “exhausted.” Permission from the copyright owner is not required to resell copyrighted works or to display them. First sale permits a broad swath of activity. Used bookstores, libraries, swap fests, eBay, students reselling casebooks, and many more may rely on first sale to protect their distribution of copyrighted works. Museums, galleries, archives, bookstores, and more can likewise display their copies of copyrighted works without infringing under first sale. First sale (more commonly called “exhaustion” in patent law) also applies to patented products. Someone who buys a patented product (such as a pharmaceutical, computing device, or printer cartridge) can use or resell that product without infringing the patent, even though the patent owner has the rights to exclude others from using or selling the invention. First sale enables markets for resale or lease of patent products, from printer cartridges to airplanes. First sale has its limits. In copyright, it applies only to the rights to distribute and to display the work. The copyright owner also has the exclusive right to make copies, to adapt the work, and to perform the work publicly, which are not subject to first sale. The painting buyer would potentially infringe if the buyer made a copy of the painting or adapted it into another artwork, but the buyer could not infringe the performance right, because one cannot perform a painting. The owner of a copy of a musical work may infringe if she performs it in public, which is why bars need licenses to play copyrighted music, even using copies they have purchased. The owner of a copy of a movie may infringe if she adapted the movie, such as making a sequel—or even dubbing the movie in another language. In patent, first sale likewise would not authorize the purchaser of a product to make additional copies. Similarly, first sale in patent would authorize the buyer of a patented item to use it or resell it, but not to make another one. First sale is long-established, by statute in copyright and by judicial interpretation in patent. The underlying policy of first sale, however, has been unsettled. First sale can be seen to rest on either of two rationales. The first is a contract-based, gap-filler approach. If someone sells a painting, one would expect an implicit agreement that the buyer could display the painting or resell it, as both actions are customary with artworks. To simplify transactions, the rights to resell and display are automatically included in the transaction. The other justification is the policy against restraints on alienation, borrowed from the law of real property. Someone who sells property may not impose unreasonable restraints on the buyer’s ability to resell the property. As transplanted to intellectual property law, once a party voluntarily parts with a copy, she should no longer be able to control what the buyer does with it. Hence, her rights are “exhausted” in that particular copy. The underlying rationale is important for determining the extent of the first sale doctrine. If first sale is a gap-filler, then the parties could contract around it, agreeing that the property sold would not be subject to first-sale rights. If first sale is a policy-based bar against unreasonable restraints on alienation, then first sale is mandatory—it is not subject to the agreement of the parties but rather is the opposite: a limit on the enforceability of their agreement. Both strains can be seen in the case law. Two recent Supreme Court cases, however, decisively rested first sale on the restraints-against- alienation rationale, expressly rejecting the proposition that parties can contract around first sale. This Article explores the implications of those cases for the boundaries of first sale, focusing on two issues. First, California’s resale royalty law required that artists receive 5% of the proceeds on resale of their work. The Ninth Circuit held that the California statute was preempted by the first sale doctrine of federal copyright law. We conclude that, if first sale serves to prevent unreasonable restraints on alienation, such resale royalty statutes should be valid. Rather than an unreasonable restraint on alienation, they permit resale, imposing a modest burden for a purpose entirely consonant with copyright law: rewarding authors. Second, software sellers have long avoided first sale by characterizing software sales as mere licenses, while formally retaining ownership of the software after delivery to the buyer. Courts have enforced transactions according to the parties’ contract. We conclude, however, that such transactions, which are intended to prevent resale of software, should be characterized as sales in substance, triggering first-sale rights to resell the software, overriding the contractual restraint on alienation.
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Barnard, Adi, Sebastiaan Rothmann, and Deon Meiring. "The cross-cultural application of the social axioms survey in The South African police service." SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 34, no. 2 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v34i2.474.
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The objectives of this study were to investigate the replicability, construct equivalence, item bias and reliability of the Social Axioms Survey (SAS) in the South African Police Service (SAPS). A cross-sectional survey design was used. the participants consisted of applicants who had applied for jobs in the SAPS (n = 1535), and the SAS was administered to them. An exploratory factor analysis utilising target rotation applied to all 60 items of the SAS revealed four interpretable factors (Social Cynicism, reward for Application, Fate Control, and Spirituality/religiosity). Values of tucker’s phi higher than 0,90 were found for seven language groups (Zulu, Sotho, Tswana, Swati, Tsonga, Venda and Pedi). Analyses of variance found that item bias was not a major disturbance. Unacceptable alpha values were found for some of the scales of the SAS.
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Bashir, Elena. "Two micro-areal developments in northwestern South Asia: Causative involuntatives and causee marking postpositions." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 2, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2015-0002.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on two language clusters in the region comprising the Hindu Kush mountains; Swat, Dir and Indus Kohistan (Pakistan); and the Himalayan foothills (HKKH region). The languages considered are Kalasha, Khowar, Palula, Dameli, Torwali, Kohistani, Shina, Kashmiri, Pashai and some of the Nuristani languages. One cluster of languages shares the expression of non-volitional semantics by derived transitive/causative verb forms, previously discussed as “causative involuntatives” or “impersonal causative expressions”. Two apparent subtypes are identified and mapped. A second, partially overlapping, cluster shares the use of a grammaticized conjunctive participle of a causative form of a reflex of the OIA √
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Moyo, T. "Language use and gender positioning among the Swazi." Lwati: A Journal of Contemporary Research 3, no. 1 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/lwati.v3i1.36805.
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Campbell, Sandy. "The Swazi People by R. Van der Wiel." Deakin Review of Children's Literature 3, no. 3 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.20361/g2qp5z.
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Van der Wiel, Renée. The Swazi People. Gallo Manor, South Africa: Awareness Publishing Group, 2012. Print.South Africa describes itself as “one rainbow nation going forward”, but within that rainbow there are eleven indigenous South African peoples. The Swazi People is one of eleven volumes in the African Cultures of South Africa series, which presents the cultures for readers at the upper elementary level. The other volumes include the cultures of The Khoikhoi, The Ndebele, The North Sotho, The San, The South Sotho, The Tsonga-Shangaan, The Tswana, The Venda, The Xhosa, and The Zulu.In The Swazi People, Renée Van der Wiel describes their arts and crafts, beliefs, clothes, history, houses, language, leaders, marriage, music and dance, recipes, and way of life. The book incorporates many Swazi words, which are listed in the glossary at the back of the book. For example, mahiya (cotton cloth), gogo (grandmother) and lobola (marriage gift, usually cattle) are all listed in the glossary.This volume is attractively produced and brightly coloured. It opens with a full-page map of South Africa that shows the historical movements of the Swazi people and highlights their homelands. Text and images are presented on alternate pages. The professional quality images are usually full-page and are either historical black and white photos or modern colour photos of Swazi people engaged in traditional activities. There is also an index, which improves the book's usefulness as an elementary research text.The text is written in age-appropriate language and deals with the subjects in sufficient detail that as an adult, I was able to learn from it. In general, the tone is objective and non-judgemental. For example, "[i]n 1973, King Sobhuzall and the Imbokoduo National Movement stopped all other political parties from taking part in elections in Swaziland. (…) After only five years of being a democracy, Swaziland became a country ruled by a king." Where there is bias present, it is more in the form of presenting the Swazi point of view: "But the Boers did not care about looking after the Swazi people – all they wanted was to get through to the sea without having to travel through British territory.".This sturdily bound volume is an excellent work and is highly recommended for public and elementary school libraries. Highly recommended: 4 stars out of 4Reviewer: Sandy CampbellSandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines. Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
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Olivieri, Luca Maria, and Elisa Iori. "Monumental Entrance to Gandharan Buddhist Architecture Stairs and Gates from Swat." 57 | 2021, no. 1 (June 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/annor/2385-3042/2021/01/009.
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The article presents a series of pieces excavated by the ISMEO Italian Archaeological Mission in two Buddhist sacred areas in Swat (Pakistan). The pieces are chosen for their connection to the theme of monumental entrances of cultic buildings. In the first case (Gumbat), the building is a shrine. In the second, (Amluk-dara) it is a Main Stupa. The pieces belong to three different entrance parts: lower sides of the stairs, decorated steps or stair-riser friezes, and decorated frames of doors. Pieces like these, which belong to specific architecture, can be hypothetically positioned in their places, allowing thus a more vivid reconstruction of the original appearance of the monuments. The decorative apparatus of the entrances to Buddhist monuments, although apparently extraneous to the religious language, is not less rich than the Buddhist iconographic programme illustrated on the stupas or inside the shrines. The second part of the article deals with the interpretation of the language of the entrance as ‘symbolic capital’ of the political élites, who were the donors of the great Buddhist architecture in Swat.
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Larsen, Kim Skak. "High Level Efficiency in Database Languages." DAIMI Report Series 22, no. 434 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dpb.v22i434.6751.
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<p>The subject of this Ph.D. thesis is the design and implementation of database languages. The thesis consists of five articles:</p><p> </p><dl> <dt> [1] </dt><dd> Joan F. Boyar and Kim S. Larsen. Efficient Rebalancing of Chromatic Search Trees. In O. Nurmi and E. Ukkonen, eds., <em> LNCS 621: Algorithm Theory -- SWAT'92 </em>, pp. 151-164. Springer-Verlag, 1992. </dd><dt> [2] </dt><dd> Kim S. Larsen. On Aggregation and Computation on Domain Values. PB-414, Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, 1992. </dd><dt> [3] </dt><dd> Kim S. Larsen. Strategies for Expression Evaluation Using Sort-Merge Algorithms. PB-415, Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, 1992. </dd><dt> [4] </dt><dd> Kim S. Larsen and Michael I. Schwartzbach. Injectivity of Unary Queries With Computation on Domain Values. Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, 1992. Revised version of PB-311. </dd><dt> [5] </dt><dd> Kim S. Larsen, Michael I. Schwartzbach and Erik M. Schmidt. A New Formalism for Relational Algebra. <em> IPL </em>, 41(3):163-168, 1992. </dd></dl> <p>and this survey paper. In [5], a new query language design is proposed. The expressive power of the language is determined in [2] and all reasonable extensions are considered. In [3, 4], we focus on the optimization issue of avoiding unnecessary sorting of relations. The results in these papers are directly applicable to any algebra-based query language. In addition to the query language part, a database system also has to offer update facilities. The theory of standard tuple based updates is quite well developed in the sequential case. In [1], we discuss a new concurrent implementation of balanced search trees for that purpose.</p><p>This survey paper describes the results of the papers which form the thesis, and relates these results to each other and to the area in a broader sense than is customary in the introductions of individual papers. The paper is intended to be read in combination with the papers on which it is based.</p>
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Han, Yi, and Mohsen Moghaddam. "Eliciting Attribute-Level User Needs from Online Reviews with Deep Language Models and Information Extraction." Journal of Mechanical Design, October 20, 2020, 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4048819.
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Abstract Eliciting user needs for individual components and features of a product or a service on a large scale is a key requirement for innovative design. Gathering and analyzing data as an initial discovery phase of a design process is usually accomplished with a small number of participants, employing qualitative research methods such as observations, focus groups, and interviews. This leaves an entire swath of pertinent user behavior, preferences, and opinions not captured. Sentiment analysis is a key enabler for large-scale need finding from online user reviews generated on a regular basis. A major limitation of current sentiment analysis approaches used in design sciences, however, is the need for laborious labeling and annotation of large review datasets for training, which in turn hinders their scalability and transferability across different domains. This article proposes an efficient and scalable methodology for automated and large-scale elicitation of attribute-level user needs. The methodology builds on the state-of-the-art pretrained deep language model, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), with new convolutional net and named-entity recognition (NER) layers for extracting attribute, description, and sentiment words from online user review corpora. The machine translation algorithm BLEU (BiLingual Evaluation Understudy) is utilized to extract need expressions in the form of predefined part-of-speech combinations (e.g., adjective-noun, verb-noun). Numerical experiments are conducted on a large dataset scraped from a major e-commerce retail store for apparel and footwear to demonstrate the performance, feasibility, and potentials of the developed methodology.
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Naicker, Suren. "Reflections on Decoloniality from a South African Indian Perspective: Conceptual Metaphors in Vivekananda’s Poem “My Play Is Done”." Education as Change 24 (December 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1947-9417/7819.
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Swami Vivekananda was an influential Indian saint, poet, philosopher and political revolutionary. His work can be seen as a conduit for South African Hindus who are part of the Indian diaspora, allowing them to connect with their historical, cultural and spiritual roots in the religious and conceptual world of India. The first step to decolonising those who have been subjected to colonial hegemony is to (re)connect them with their intellectual and spiritual roots, and it is argued here that this is precisely the zeitgeist behind Vivekananda’s life and mission in general. His poetry is particularly valuable because he wrote in English, instead of his native Bengali, and was thereby able to reach English-speaking Hindus all over the world. In 1936 Indians in South Africa decided to adopt English as a lingua franca, both as a language of teaching and learning, and as a home language. This article focuses on one of these poems, “My Play Is Done”, which Vivekananda composed in 1895 in New York. The poem presents the human condition from a Hindu perspective, which differs substantially from the Western way of thinking. This article explores these concepts within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory. With reference to metaphors used in the poem, various aspects of Hindu philosophical thought will be explored, showing how Oriental conceptual reality differs from Western thought. This provides a link to an ancient precolonial way of thinking, accessible to diasporas around the world.