Journal articles: 'Swedes – Finland – Helsinki Metropolitan Area'

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Tigerstedt, Christoffer, Markkula Jaana, Thomas Karlsson, Jokela Jukka, and Pietikäinen Minna. "Finlands svenskspråkiga ungdomars dryckesvanor i Österbotten och huvudstadsregionen: En jämförelse med finskspråkiga ungdomar." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 25, no. 1 (February 2008): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250802500102.

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There is some research evidence which suggests that drinking habits among Swedish-speaking Finns differ from those of Finnish-speaking Finns. The limited literature on this subject routinely lumps the minority of Swedish-speaking Finns into one single group. The assumption is that drinking habits in the Swedish-speaking population are less damaging to health than drinking habits in the Finnish-speaking majority. In this study we use data from the nationwide School Health Promotion Study, which in principle covers all pupils in the 8th and 9th grade of comprehensive school and the 1st and 2nd grade of upper secondary school. We chose to focus on two areas with a sufficiently large number of Swedish-speaking residents and, by tradition, different drinking habits, i.e. Ostrobothnia and the metropolitan Helsinki area. All in all, the data consist of 5,698 Swedish-speaking and 29,708 Finnish-speaking adolescents aged ca. 14–18. The results show that when the populations from the two areas are taken together, there are indeed differences between the two language groups. The almost ten-year downward trend in youthful drinking in Finland is clearly attributable to Finnish-speaking youth. This is also true for the reductions seen in frequent drinking and binge drinking. In a comparison of Ostrobothnia and the metropolitan Helsinki area, it turns out that the differences between Swedish-speaking youngsters are considerable: abstention, less frequent drinking and less binge drinking are clearly more prevalent in Ostrobothnia than in the Helsinki area. By comparison, the Finnish-speaking adolescents in the two regions differ less clearly from each other. Conspicuous subgroups within the Swedish-speaking minority are the binge drinking upper secondary students in the Helsinki area, the abstaining girls from comprehensive schools in the almost exclusively Swedish-speaking Ostrobothnian municipalities, and the abstaining youngsters from the “bible zone” in Ostrobothnia. In contrast to earlier findings, we found that in Ostrobothnia the drinking habits of the two language groups are quite similar.

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Tervo, Anne, and Jukka Hirvonen. "Solo dwellers and domestic spatial needs in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland." Housing Studies 35, no. 7 (August 14, 2019): 1194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2019.1652251.

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Hannula, Leena S., Marja E. Kaunonen, and Pauli J. Puukka. "A study to promote breast feeding in the Helsinki Metropolitan area in Finland." Midwifery 30, no. 6 (June 2014): 696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.10.005.

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Karvonen, Sakari, Laura Kestilä, and Arja Rimpelä. "Accumulated Disadvantage over the Lower Secondary School Years in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 29, 2020): 2290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072290.

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Accumulated disadvantage (AD) is conceptualised here as an agglomeration of unfavourable or prejudicial conditions which in adolescence may compromise the progress to further education or future life chances. There are several theories on AD, suggesting, e.g., (1) an increase of AD by age and (2) trajectories (previous disadvantage predicts later disadvantage). Social pathways theory suggests that (3) a third factor (e.g., socioeconomic position, SEP) mediates or moderates the association between early and later disadvantage, while other theories imply (4) polarisation (a strengthening association between AD and SEP by age) or (5) equalisation (a weakening of association between AD and SEP). We apply these theories to longitudinal data of 7th graders (13 years, N = 5742), followed until the end of the 9th grade. Five dimensions of disadvantage were health (poor self-rated health), social behaviour (poor prosocial behaviour), normative (conduct disorders), educational (poor academic achievement), and economic (parental unemployment). The results show that the prevalence of AD increased over the follow-up as most indicators of disadvantage elevated. AD at the 7th grade predicted later AD, as did the SEP of the students. Moderation of AD by SEP was also observed. The study corroborates with hypotheses on increase of AD, trajectory, and social pathways but no signs of polarisation or equalisation were observed.

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Helin, Aku, Jarkko V. Niemi, Aki Virkkula, Liisa Pirjola, Kimmo Teinilä, John Backman, Minna Aurela, et al. "Characteristics and source apportionment of black carbon in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland." Atmospheric Environment 190 (October 2018): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.022.

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Karasmaa, Nina, and Matti Pursula. "Empirical Studies of Transferability of Helsinki Metropolitan Area Travel Forecasting Models." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, no. 1 (January 1997): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-06.

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The temporal transferability of mode choice and trip distribution models was studied by using the data based on traffic surveys in the Helsinki, Finland, metropolitan area in 1981 and 1988. The updating procedures examined were the Bayesian updating, combined transfer estimation, transfer scaling, and joint context estimation procedures. The results of model updating indicated that finding the correct method and sample size for each case is not an unambiguous task. The best method depends on the difference in model coefficients between the initial and the final stages as well as the quality of the data. According to the statistical tests, no differences could be discerned between the models at all. However, the sample enumeration test proved that the models’ ability to predict changes in behavior can vary greatly according to the method used. On the basis of this research the transfer scaling seems to be the method best suited for simple models. In particular, the method is quite useful if the transfer bias is large. The combined transfer estimation procedure performs best when there is a great number of observations and the transfer bias is small. With small sample sizes the Bayesian approach and the joint context estimation give the best results.

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Hugg, Timo T., Jan Hjort, Harri Antikainen, Jarmo Rusanen, Mirkka Tuokila, Sanna Korkonen, Jan Weckström, Maritta S. Jaakkola, and Jouni J. K. Jaakkola. "Urbanity as a determinant of exposure to grass pollen in Helsinki Metropolitan area, Finland." PLOS ONE 12, no. 10 (October 12, 2017): e0186348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186348.

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Yli-Pelkonen, V., and J. Niemelä. "Use of ecological information in urban planning: Experiences from the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland." Urban Ecosystems 9, no. 3 (May 30, 2006): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-006-8591-8.

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Sohail, Hasan, Virpi Kollanus, Pekka Tiittanen, Alexandra Schneider, and Timo Lanki. "Heat, Heatwaves and Cardiorespiratory Hospital Admissions in Helsinki, Finland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 7892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217892.

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Background: There is a lack of knowledge concerning the effects of ambient heat exposure on morbidity in Northern Europe. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationships of daily summertime temperature and heatwaves with cardiorespiratory hospital admissions in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. Methods: Time series models adjusted for potential confounders, such as air pollution, were used to investigate the associations of daily temperature and heatwaves with cause-specific cardiorespiratory hospital admissions during summer months of 2001–2017. Daily number of hospitalizations was obtained from the national hospital discharge register and weather information from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Results: Increased daily temperature was associated with a decreased risk of total respiratory hospital admissions and asthma. Heatwave days were associated with 20.5% (95% CI: 6.9, 35.9) increased risk of pneumonia admissions and during long or intense heatwaves also with total respiratory admissions in the oldest age group (≥75 years). There were also suggestive positive associations between heatwave days and admissions due to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular diseases. In contrast, risk of arrhythmia admissions decreased 20.8% (95% CI: 8.0, 31.8) during heatwaves. Conclusions: Heatwaves, rather than single hot days, are a health threat affecting morbidity even in a Northern climate.

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Jung, Nusrat, Munjur E. Moula, Tingting Fang, Mohamed Hamdy, and Risto Lahdelma. "Social acceptance of renewable energy technologies for buildings in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area of Finland." Renewable Energy 99 (December 2016): 813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.006.

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Luoma, Krista, Jarkko V. Niemi, Minna Aurela, Pak Lun Fung, Aku Helin, Tareq Hussein, Leena Kangas, et al. "Spatiotemporal variation and trends in equivalent black carbon in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 1173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1173-2021.

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Abstract. In this study, we present results from 12 years of black carbon (BC) measurements at 14 sites around the Helsinki metropolitan area (HMA) and at one background site outside the HMA. The main local sources of BC in the HMA are traffic and residential wood combustion in fireplaces and sauna stoves. All BC measurements were conducted optically, and therefore we refer to the measured BC as equivalent BC (eBC). Measurement stations were located in different environments that represented traffic environment, detached housing area, urban background, and regional background. The measurements of eBC were conducted from 2007 through 2018; however, the times and the lengths of the time series varied at each site. The largest annual mean eBC concentrations were measured at the traffic sites (from 0.67 to 2.64 µg m−3) and the lowest at the regional background sites (from 0.16 to 0.48 µg m−3). The annual mean eBC concentrations at the detached housing and urban background sites varied from 0.64 to 0.80 µg m−3 and from 0.42 to 0.68 µg m−3, respectively. The clearest seasonal variation was observed at the detached housing sites where residential wood combustion increased the eBC concentrations during the cold season. Diurnal variation in eBC concentration in different urban environments depended clearly on the local sources that were traffic and residential wood combustion. The dependency was not as clear for the typically measured air quality parameters, which were here NOx concentration and mass concentration of particles smaller that 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5). At four sites which had at least a 4-year-long time series available, the eBC concentrations had statistically significant decreasing trends that varied from −10.4 % yr−1 to −5.9 % yr−1. Compared to trends determined at urban and regional background sites, the absolute trends decreased fastest at traffic sites, especially during the morning rush hour. Relative long-term trends in eBC and NOx were similar, and their concentrations decreased more rapidly than that of PM2.5. The results indicated that especially emissions from traffic have decreased in the HMA during the last decade. This shows that air pollution control, new emission standards, and a newer fleet of vehicles had an effect on air quality.

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Hyvärinen, Otto, Antti Mäkelä, Matti Kämäräinen, and Hilppa Gregow. "Long-range forecasts for the energy market – a case study." Advances in Science and Research 14 (April 24, 2017): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-89-2017.

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Abstract. We examined the feasibility of long-range forecasts of temperature for needs of the energy sector in Helsinki, Finland. The work was done jointly by Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and Helen Ltd, the main Helsinki metropolitan area energy provider, and especially provider of district heating and cooling. Because temperatures govern the need of heating and cooling and, therefore, the energy demand, better long-range forecasts of temperature would be highly useful for Helen Ltd. Heating degree day (HDD) is a parameter that indicates the demand of energy to heat a building. We examined the forecasted monthly HDD values for Helsinki using UK Met Office seasonal forecasts with the lead time up to two months. The long-range forecasts of monthly HDD showed some skill in Helsinki in winter 2015–2016, especially if the very cold January is excluded.

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Jurvelin, Jouni, Matti Vartiainen, Matti Jantunen, and Pertti Pasanen. "Personal Exposure Levels and Microenvironmental Concentrations of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 51, no. 1 (January 2001): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2001.10464251.

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Uzal, Melike, Erkki Komulainen, and Olli Aaltonen. "The effect of some listener background factors and task type that contribute to degree of perceived accent ratings in L2 Finnish." AFinLA-e: Soveltavan kielitieteen tutkimuksia, no. 10 (July 2, 2018): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.30660/afinla.73142.

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This study evaluated the effect of some listener background factors—the listeners’ gender, age, experience of teaching Finnish as a second language, frequency of contact with immigrants, and being a native of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area in Finland— and task type on their degree of perceived accent (DPA) ratings in L2 Finnish. The participants were 31 native-Finnish speakers and 40 nonnative speakers of Turkish origin who ranged in age from 7 to 66 as well as 61 Finnish listeners who evaluated the speech samples for a foreign accent using a 9-point scale. Three speech samples were administered (word pairs, the reading-aloud of sentences, and a spontaneous speech task). The results showed that no marked differences were observed, despite differences in the listeners’ gender, age, Finnish as a L2 teaching experience, frequency of contact with immigrants speaking Finnish as an L2 , and being a native of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The results also showed that ratings of native decreased with sample duration and extemporaneity.

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Sinitsyna, Anastasia, Karin Torpan, Raul Eamets, and Tiit Tammaru. "Overlap Between Industrial Niching and Workplace Segregation: Role of Immigration Policy, Culture and Country of Origin." Social Inclusion 9, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i2.3640.

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This article focuses on two dimensions of labour market integration, sorting into different industries (niching) and sorting into workplace establishments (segregation) by share of migrant workers. We seek to understand to what degree these two dimensions of immigrants’ lack of labour market integration—niching and segregation—overlap with each other. The study is based on Finnish individual, panel and relational registry data, and we focus on the three largest immigrant groups—Estonians, Russians and Swedes—who have arrived from countries with different wealth levels to the Helsinki metropolitan area. By applying generalised structural equation modelling, we estimate industrial niching and workplace segregation—measured as a degree of overconcentration of immigrants in particular industries and workplace establishments, respectively—jointly. Our main findings show a strong overlap between niching and segregation for all ethnic groups. Segregation and niching levels are the highest among Estonians, but very similar for Russians and Swedes. These findings do not support the cultural similarity argument in immigrant labour market integration. Rather, immigration policy and origin country wealth level may be determinant. Additionally, we found that females are more likely than males to be employed simultaneously in niched industries and segregated workplace establishments, supporting the thesis of gender-based networks.

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Toivonen, Saija, and Kauko Viitanen. "Forces of change shaping the future commercial real estate market in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area in Finland." Land Use Policy 42 (January 2015): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.09.004.

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Kurvinen, Antti Tapio, and Jaakko Vihola. "The impact of residential development on nearby housing prices." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 9, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 671–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-10-2015-0069.

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Purpose Even as multi-story apartment building development proposals in existing neighbourhoods represent a substantial component of policy debate at local planning boards, there is limited evidence for the impact of such residential developments on surrounding apartment values. This paper aims to address the void in knowledge, and the impact of multi-story apartment building developments on apartment values in residential high-rise areas located outside city and district centres is investigated in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. Design/methodology/approach Whether a multi-story apartment building development is followed by an increase in housing values depends on both positive and negative externalities. To specify valuation effects of proximate development projects, advanced research design combining matched sample methodology and hedonic-based difference-in-difference approach is used. Findings It appears from the analysis that completion of a single multi-story apartment building has an immediate positive impact on apartment values within 300 metre radius, while there is no statistically significant impact on price trend. Research limitations/implications This paper studies apartment values only in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland, and it is important to notice that local regulations and market conditions may have a notable impact on the outcomes. Originality/value This study is the first of its kind to provide with statistically significant evidence for positive impacts from multi-story apartment building development in Finnish residential high-rise areas and may have a crucial role in helping to dispel prejudices related to such developments.

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Hellén, Heidi, Leena Kangas, Anu Kousa, Mika Vestenius, Kimmo Teinilä, Ari Karppinen, Jaakko Kukkonen, and Jarkko V. Niemi. "Evaluation of the impact of wood combustion on benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene (BaP) concentrations; ambient measurements and dispersion modeling in Helsinki, Finland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 5 (March 10, 2017): 3475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3475-2017.

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Abstract. Even though emission inventories indicate that wood combustion is a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), estimating its impacts on PAH concentration in ambient air remains challenging. In this study the effect of local small-scale wood combustion on the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) concentrations in ambient air in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland is evaluated, using ambient air measurements, emission estimates, and dispersion modeling. The measurements were conducted at 12 different locations during the period from 2007 to 2015. The spatial distributions of annual average BaP concentrations originating from wood combustion were predicted for four of those years: 2008, 2011, 2013, and 2014. According to both the measurements and the dispersion modeling, the European Union target value for the annual average BaP concentrations (1 ng m−3) was clearly exceeded in certain suburban detached-house areas. However, in most of the other urban areas, including the center of Helsinki, the concentrations were below the target value. The measured BaP concentrations highly correlated with the measured levoglucosan concentrations in the suburban detached-house areas. In street canyons, the measured concentrations of BaP were at the same level as those in the urban background, clearly lower than those in suburban detached-house areas. The predicted annual average concentrations matched with the measured concentrations fairly well. Both the measurements and the modeling clearly indicated that wood combustion was the main local source of ambient air BaP in the Helsinki metropolitan area.

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Mesimäki, Marja, Kaisa Hauru, D. Johan Kotze, and Susanna Lehvävirta. "Neo-spaces for urban livability? Urbanites’ versatile mental images of green roofs in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland." Land Use Policy 61 (February 2017): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.11.021.

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Tainio, Marko, Jouni T. Tuomisto, Otto Hanninen, Paivi Aarnio, Kimmo J. Koistinen, Matti J. Jantunen, and Juha Pekkanen. "Health Effects Caused by Primary Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Emitted from Buses in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland." Risk Analysis 25, no. 1 (February 2005): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2005.00574.x.

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Aurela, Minna, Sanna Saarikoski, Jarkko V. Niemi, Francesco Canonaco, Andre S. H. Prevot, Anna Frey, Samara Carbone, Anu Kousa, and Risto Hillamo. "Chemical and Source Characterization of Submicron Particles at Residential and Traffic Sites in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 15, no. 4 (2015): 1213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2014.11.0279.

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Laatikainen, Tiina, Mohammad Haybatollahi, and Marketta Kyttä. "Environmental, Individual and Personal Goal Influences on Older Adults’ Walking in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010058.

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Physical activity is a fundamental factor in healthy ageing, and the built environment has been linked to individual health outcomes. Understanding the linkages between older adult’s walking and the built environment are key to designing supportive environments for active ageing. However, the variety of different spatial scales of human mobility has been largely overlooked in the environmental health research. This study used an online participatory mapping method and a novel modelling of individual activity spaces to study the associations between both the environmental and the individual features and older adults’ walking in the environments where older adult’s actually move around. Study participants (n = 844) aged 55+ who live in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland reported their everyday errand points on a map and indicated which transport mode they used and how frequently they accessed the places. Respondents walking trips were drawn from the data and the direct and indirect effects of the personal, psychological as well as environmental features on older adults walking were examined. Respondents marked on average, six everyday errand points and walked for transport an average of 20 km per month. Residential density and the density of walkways, public transit stops, intersections and recreational sports places were significantly and positively associated with older adult’s walking for transport. Transit stop density was found having the largest direct effect to older adults walking. Built environment had an independent effect on older adults walking regardless of individual demographic or psychological features. Education and personal goals related to physical activities had a direct positive, and income a direct negative, effect on walking. Gender and perceived health had an indirect effect on walking, which was realized through individuals’ physical activity goals.

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Hugg, Timo T., Mirkka Tuokila, Sanna Korkonen, Jan Weckström, Maritta S. Jaakkola, and Jouni J. K. Jaakkola. "The effect of sampling height on grass pollen concentrations in different urban environments in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9 (September 29, 2020): e0239726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239726.

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Hiedanpää, Juha, and Jani Pellikka. "Adapting moose hunting: a case study on fragmented hunting grounds around Nuuksio National Park in Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland." European Journal of Wildlife Research 61, no. 2 (January 19, 2015): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-015-0900-1.

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Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko, Markus Laine, and Henrik Lönnqvist. "City as a Growth Platform: Responses of the Cities of Helsinki Metropolitan Area to Global Digital Economy." Urban Science 4, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4040067.

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The aim of this article is to shed light on how ongoing structural change towards the global digital economy condition urban economic development. Discussion starts with a brief reference to the growth machine thesis and its emphasis on the interests of local land and real estate owners. This theory serves as a contrasting point for the second element of our framework, the platform economy, which brings digital platforms and the transnational capitalist class into the picture. The transition from the urban growth machines of the industrial age to the digital growth platforms of the information age imply a radical change in the context of urban economic development. On this basis, we discuss cities’ need to adjust their growth strategies to the conditions of the emerging platform economy. Our illustrative case is the capital region of Finland. We interviewed officials and experts who hold key positions in the design of economic development policy in the three largest cities of this area. The empirical results show that the platform economy is rather vaguely conceptualized, and its challenges are ambiguously addressed. Cities have, however, started to adopt platform and ecosystem thinking in their strategies and established urban innovation platforms, talent and start-up attraction programs, and open data initiatives that reflect the gradual adoption of platform logic in urban economic development.

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Sihvonen, R., L. Siira, M. Toropainen, P. Kuusela, and A. Pätäri-Sampo. "Streptococcus pneumoniae antimicrobial resistance decreased in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area after routine 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of infants in Finland." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 36, no. 11 (June 13, 2017): 2109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3033-5.

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Navaratnam, P., H. S. Friedman, I. Tammi, and A. Navaratnam. "AI2 GEO-SPATIAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF ASTHMA HEALTH RESOURCE USE AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL IN THE GREATER HELSINKI METROPOLITAN AREA OF FINLAND." Value in Health 22 (November 2019): S404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.09.042.

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Kollanus, Virpi, Pekka Tiittanen, Jarkko V. Niemi, and Timo Lanki. "Effects of long-range transported air pollution from vegetation fires on daily mortality and hospital admissions in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland." Environmental Research 151 (November 2016): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.003.

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Cremonini, Roberto, Dmitri Moisseev, and Venkatachalam Chandrasekar. "Airborne laser scan data: a valuable tool with which to infer weather radar partial beam blockage in urban environments." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2016): 5063–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5063-2016.

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Abstract. High-spatial-resolution weather radar observations are of primary relevance for hydrological applications in urban areas. However, when weather radars are located within metropolitan areas, partial beam blockages and clutter by buildings can seriously affect the observations. Standard simulations with simple beam propagation models and digital elevation models (DEMs) are usually not able to evaluate buildings' contribution to partial beam blockages. In recent years airborne laser scanners (ALSs) have evolved to the state-of-the-art technique for topographic data acquisition. Providing small footprint diameters (10–30 cm), ALS data allow accurate reconstruction of buildings and forest canopy heights. Analyzing the three weather C-band radars located in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland, the present study investigates the benefits of using ALS data for quantitative estimations of partial beam blockages. The results obtained applying beam standard propagation models are compared with stratiform 24 h rainfall accumulation to evaluate the effects of partial beam blockages due to constructions and trees. To provide a physical interpretation of the results, the detailed analysis of beam occultations is achieved by open spatial data sets and open-source geographic information systems.

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Paju, Elina. "Futures in action: Embodied or empty futures in youth activation workshops." Time & Society 29, no. 3 (April 16, 2019): 637–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x19842474.

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In this article, I explore the orientations towards the future and their consequences for action in youth activation workshops. My analysis is drawn from a distinction between embodied and embedded futures, on one hand, and empty and decontextualised futures, on the other hand. The relations among past, present and future times are explored, as well as the embodied or disembodied nature of orientations towards the future. I analyse the embodied orientations towards the future through Bergson's work. The collisions between two different time frames and projections for the future are found to require adjustments on an individual level in the private sphere. The various orientations towards the future are valued differently, and the embodied orientation is overridden by an understanding of the future as empty or even cruel. Nonetheless, I interpret the future to be active and to produce effects. My analysis draws from empirical data based on an ethnography conducted in youth activation workshops in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland.

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Rothe, Peggie, Chris Heywood, Matti Christersson, and Anna-Liisa Sarasoja. "Office relocation management in Finland – challenges and service opportunities." Property Management 33, no. 4 (August 17, 2015): 348–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-04-2014-0019.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of the management of office relocations in Finnish organisations with a focus on the use of, and need for, external advisory services. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a sequential mixed method approach. First, the use of relocation-related services, and organisations’ perception of the need for them, was assessed through a questionnaire sent to all organisations with more than 50 employees in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (HMA). The data includes 83 responses. Subsequently, service experiences, perceived service needs, and the challenges that organisations face in relocation are studied through thematic interviews with 15 organisations that have recently relocated. Findings – The findings show that, despite facing many challenges when relocating, many organisations do not consider using external service providers. Most organisations do not acknowledge the complexity of the process until afterwards, and they also lack knowledge of the availability of relocation-related services. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation is the population size of the questionnaire. A larger population would have allowed for more generalisations, but the results do provide insight into the organisations’ issues in managing their relocations. Practical implications – In order to facilitate the better organisational relocation experiences, and to develop the market for relocation-related services, service providers need to begin educating organisations of the challenges and opportunities of relocation, and successively increase the awareness of the availability of services. Originality/value – Relocation, when it is considered in the literature, is most often construed as being about location, or site selection. This study approaches the phenomenon from the organisations’ perspective and considers relocation a process that needs to be managed.

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Hirsikko, A., E. J. O'Connor, M. Komppula, K. Korhonen, A. Pfüller, E. Giannakaki, C. R. Wood, et al. "Observing wind, aerosol particles, cloud and precipitation: Finland's new ground-based remote-sensing network." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 4 (August 8, 2013): 7251–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-7251-2013.

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Abstract. The Finnish Meteorological Institute, in collaboration with the University of Helsinki, has established a new ground-based remote-sensing network in Finland. The network consists of five topographically, ecologically and climatically different sites distributed from southern to northern Finland. The main goal of the network is to monitor air pollution and boundary layer properties in near real time, with a Doppler lidar and ceilometer at each site. In addition to these operational tasks, two sites are members of the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network (ACTRIS); a Ka-band Doppler cloud radar at Sodankylä will provide cloud retrievals within CloudNet, and a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, POLLYXT (POrtabLe Lidar sYstem eXTended), in Kuopio provides optical and microphysical aerosol properties through EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Aerosol Climatology). Three C-band weather radars are located in the Helsinki metropolitan area and are deployed for operational and research applications. We carried out two inter-comparison campaigns to investigate the Doppler lidar performance. The aims of the campaigns were to compare the backscatter coefficient and retrieved wind profiles, and to optimise the lidar sensitivity through adjusting the telescope focus and data-integration time to ensure enough signals in low-aerosol-content environments. The wind profiles showed good agreement between different lidars. However, due to inaccurate telescope focus setting and varying receiver sensitivity, backscatter coefficient profiles showed disagreement between the lidars. Harsh Finnish winters could pose problems, but, due to the built-in heating systems, low ambient temperatures had no, or only a minor, impact on the lidar operation: including scanning-head motion. However, accumulation of snow and ice on the lens has been observed, which can lead to formation of a water/ice layer thus attenuating the signal inconsistently. Thus, care must be taken to ensure continuous snow removal.

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Kuusiola, Timo, Maaria Wierink, and Kari Heiskanen. "Comparison of Collection Schemes of Municipal Solid Waste Metallic Fraction: The Impacts on Global Warming Potential for the Case of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland." Sustainability 4, no. 10 (October 12, 2012): 2586–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su4102586.

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Salmela-Aro, Katariina, Sanna Read, Jaana Minkkinen, Jaana M. Kinnunen, and Arja Rimpelä. "Immigrant status, gender, and school burnout in Finnish lower secondary school students." International Journal of Behavioral Development 42, no. 2 (February 8, 2017): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025417690264.

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The aim of this longitudinal study among 9223 students from grade 7 and grade 9 (age 13–14 and 15–16) was to assess whether immigrant status and gender are associated with the level and change (slope) in school burnout among lower secondary school students in the Helsinki metropolitan area. Ninety-seven percent of the variation in school burnout was attributable to individual factors. Both the intercept (2.3, p < 0.001) and slope (0.5, p < 0.001) of school burnout were statistically significant. The slope showed increasing school burnout from grades 7–9. School burnout increased more in girls than in boys. Initially apparent higher school burnout among students who had immigrated to Finland within the last five years compared to Finnish native students was largely accounted for by sociodemographic and school-related factors. However, there was a persistent gender by immigrant status difference in the fully adjusted model: recently (< 5 years ago) immigrated boys experienced a larger increase in school burnout, especially due to increased cynicism, than recently immigrated girls.

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Vimpari, Jussi. "Financing Energy Transition with Real Estate Wealth." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 4289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174289.

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Transition to a low carbon energy system requires extensive private investment and novel financing instruments. Corporate power purchase agreements (PPAs) have been proven effective in increasing renewables financing. The challenge is to scale this corporate model to smaller energy consumers that form a significant part of the global total energy demand and carbon dioxide emissions. This paper examines collateral strength and global potential of the real estate sector as an offtaker for PPAs. The strength is evaluated by constructing a detailed energy and economic model for 90,000 buildings in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (HMA), Finland. The global potential is evaluated by creating country-level profiles with global data of interest rates, energy consumption, and energy costs. The results suggest that real estate is a strong offtaker as the HMA’s value of real estate collateral compared to required wind power capital expenditures (that could cover electricity demand of the buildings) is approximately 100:1, and for cash flows, the ratio is 70:1 between gross rents and PPA costs. Analysis of global data suggests that the majority of buildings’ energy consumption in OECD countries as well as a large part of China’s energy consumption could fall into low access finance under the presented concept.

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Rantanen, Pirjo-Liisa, Ilkka Mellin, Minna Keinänen-Toivola, Merja Ahonen, and Riku Vahala. "The Seasonality of Nitrite Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081756.

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We studied the seasonal variation of nitrite exposure in a drinking water distribution system (DWDS) with monochloramine disinfection in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. In Finland, tap water is the main source of drinking water, and thus the nitrite in tap water increases nitrite exposure. Our data included both the obligatory monitoring and a sampling campaign data from a sampling campaign. Seasonality was evaluated by comparing a nitrite time series to temperature and by calculating the seasonal indices of the nitrite time series. The main drivers of nitrite seasonality were the temperature and the water age. We observed that with low water ages (median: 6.7 h) the highest nitrite exposure occurred during the summer months, and with higher water ages (median: 31 h) during the winter months. With the highest water age (190 h), nitrite concentrations were the lowest. At a low temperature, the high nitrite concentrations in the winter were caused by the decelerated ammonium oxidation. The dominant reaction at low water ages was ammonium oxidation into nitrite and, at high water ages, it was nitrite oxidation into nitrate. These results help to direct monitoring appropriately to gain exact knowledge of nitrite exposure. Also, possible future process changes and additional disinfection measures can be designed appropriately to minimize extra nitrite exposure.

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Hirsikko, A., E. J. O'Connor, M. Komppula, K. Korhonen, A. Pfüller, E. Giannakaki, C. R. Wood, et al. "Observing wind, aerosol particles, cloud and precipitation: Finland's new ground-based remote-sensing network." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 5 (May 19, 2014): 1351–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1351-2014.

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Abstract. The Finnish Meteorological Institute, in collaboration with the University of Helsinki, has established a new ground-based remote-sensing network in Finland. The network consists of five topographically, ecologically and climatically different sites distributed from southern to northern Finland. The main goal of the network is to monitor air pollution and boundary layer properties in near real time, with a Doppler lidar and ceilometer at each site. In addition to these operational tasks, two sites are members of the Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network (ACTRIS); a Ka band cloud radar at Sodankylä will provide cloud retrievals within CloudNet, and a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, PollyXT (POrtabLe Lidar sYstem eXTended), in Kuopio provides optical and microphysical aerosol properties through EARLINET (the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network). Three C-band weather radars are located in the Helsinki metropolitan area and are deployed for operational and research applications. We performed two inter-comparison campaigns to investigate the Doppler lidar performance, compare the backscatter signal and wind profiles, and to optimize the lidar sensitivity through adjusting the telescope focus length and data-integration time to ensure sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in low-aerosol-content environments. In terms of statistical characterization, the wind-profile comparison showed good agreement between different lidars. Initially, there was a discrepancy in the SNR and attenuated backscatter coefficient profiles which arose from an incorrectly reported telescope focus setting from one instrument, together with the need to calibrate. After diagnosing the true telescope focus length, calculating a new attenuated backscatter coefficient profile with the new telescope function and taking into account calibration, the resulting attenuated backscatter profiles all showed good agreement with each other. It was thought that harsh Finnish winters could pose problems, but, due to the built-in heating systems, low ambient temperatures had no, or only a minor, impact on the lidar operation – including scanning-head motion. However, accumulation of snow and ice on the lens has been observed, which can lead to the formation of a water/ice layer thus attenuating the signal inconsistently. Thus, care must be taken to ensure continuous snow removal.

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Koivula, Riitta, Christoffer Tigerstedt, Anni Vilkko, Kristiina Kuussaari, and Satu Pajala. "How does Older People's Drinking Appear in the Daily Work of Home Care Professionals?" Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 33, no. 5-6 (December 2016): 537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nsad-2016-0044.

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Aims In this article the authors ask how the alcohol use of elderly home care clients affects the daily work of home care professionals and how the professionals act to support the drinking client. Methods Semi-structured interviews with 10 home care professionals were conducted from December 2014 to February 2015 in the Helsinki metropolitan area of Finland. Everyday situations during home visits related to the clients' alcohol use were analysed according to modalities of agency of the home care professionals. Results The results focus on three themes raised in the interviews: supporting life management of the client, the lack of qualifications in tackling clients' drinking and the need for multi-professional collaboration. Intoxicated clients complicated the home care nurses' work and obstructed the implementation of recommendations set out to guide the professionals' operations. Care work with alcohol-using clients was particularly demanding, and the professionals were concerned about not having enough training in how to encounter elderly clients' drinking. Multi-professional collaboration with substance abuse services and emergency department personnel was called for to remedy this problem. Conclusions More extensive and detailed research is needed for a better picture of how clients' drinking influences home care nurses' working conditions and what kind of skills nurses need in different alcohol-related situations. Such research would have the potential to benefit clients and improve the well-being of the employees.

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Unkuri, J. H., P. Salminen, P. Kallio, and S. Kosola. "Kick Scooter Injuries in Children and Adolescents: Minor Fractures and Bruise." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 107, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1457496918766693.

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Background: Kick scooters are popular among children in both transportation and recreational activities. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the incidence of and injury patterns associated with kick scooter accidents in school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: All 171 patients at the age of 7–15 years who were treated for kick scooter–related injuries in the metropolitan Helsinki area, Southern Finland from January 2008 to December 2013 were included. Electronic medical records were reviewed and Pediatric Trauma Scores and Injury Severity Scores were utilized to assess the injuries. Results: The annual number of patients increased from 7 in 2008 to 55 in 2013. Almost all patients (94%, n = 161) were injured after a fall from their own height. Most patients (n = 118; 69%) were diagnosed with a fracture but only 26 patients (15%) required surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Pediatric Trauma Scores were low and only one patient had an Injury Severity Score > 15 which can be considered major trauma. Conclusion: Most injuries acquired from kick scooter injuries were easily treatable fractures and bruises. Considering the background population of 105,000 in the respective age group and the 6-year period of data collection from tertiary care, scooting seems a safe means of increasing the physical activity levels of school-aged children and adolescents.

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Árnadóttir, Áróra, Michał Czepkiewicz, and Jukka Heinonen. "The Geographical Distribution and Correlates of Pro-Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors in an Urban Region." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 24, 2019): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081540.

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A lot of emphasis has been put on the densification of urban form to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. However, many recent studies have found that central urban dwellers, even though their carbon footprints of daily transportation may be lower, might be responsible for higher total emissions than those that reside in suburban areas. Similarly, as with the urban form, higher environmental concern is often considered as an indicator of lower emissions, but several studies have found that pro-environmental attitude (PEA) does not always correlate with less energy intensive behavior. This study analyzes how urban zones, PEA, and several sociodemographic variables are associated with annual travel emissions and pro-environmental behaviors (PEB), using a dataset collected with a map-based online survey (softGIS) survey, contributed by 841 participants from the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (HMA), Finland. Although PEA can affect PEBs related to household energy consumption (β = 0.282, p < 0.001), clothing (β = 0.447, p < 0.001) and produce purchases (β = 0.449, p < 0.0001), their relationship with emissions from local (β = −0.067), national (β = −0.019) and international (β = −0.016) travel was not significant. Clusters of low emissions from local travel and high international travel emissions were found in pedestrian-oriented urban zones and residents of car-oriented zones were more likely to conserve household energy (β = 0.102, p < 0.05). These results might help broaden the current perspective of city planners, as well as identify opportunities for more effective mitigation policies.

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Leskinen, Niina, Jussi Vimpari, and Seppo Junnila. "The impact of renewable on-site energy production on property values." Journal of European Real Estate Research 13, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-11-2019-0041.

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Purpose Contrary to the traditional technology project perspective, real estate investors see building-specific renewable energy (on-site energy) investments as part of the property and as something affecting the property’s ability to produce a (net) cash flow. This paper aims to show the value-influencing mechanism of on-site energy production from a professional property investors’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach The value-influencing mechanism is presented with a case study of a prime logistics property located in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. The case study results are compared with the results of a survey answered by over 70 property valuation professionals in the Finnish real estate market. Findings Current valuation practice supports the presented value-creation mechanism based on the capitalisation of the savings generated by a building’s own energy production. Valuation professionals see benefits beyond decreased operating expenses such as enhanced image and better saleability. However, valuers acted more conservatively than expected when transferring these additional benefits to the cash flows of the case property. Practical implications Because the savings in operating expenses can be capitalised into the property value, property investors should consider on-site energy production when the return of on-site energy exceeds the return of the property. This enhances the profitability of on-site energy, especially in urban areas with low initial yields. Originality/value This is the first research paper to open the value-influencing mechanism of on-site energy production from a professional property investors’ perspective in commercial properties and to confirm it from a market study.

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Holmila, Marja. "The evaluation of the Metropolitan project; process and causality." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 20, no. 1_suppl (February 2003): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250302001s20.

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The short history of evaluation research can be described in terms of four developmental stages. The differences between the various approaches and stages of evaluation reflect, among other things, differences in understanding the importance of causality. The paper makes an attempt to argue that whilst it is important not to ‘let go’ the goal of discovering causal explanations, evaluation of such complex efforts as local prevention of alcohol and drug-related problems, needs to be based on a more naturalistic approach than the one provided by the classic experimental setting. This argument is based on previous literature and the experiences of evaluation of a Finnish project concerned with the community-based prevention of alcohol and drug problems. Evaluation can also assume a function more complementary to the partnerships, which are at the heart of community action through its formative role. Research does not have to limit itself to evaluating the effectiveness through the eyes of an outside ‘inspector’. One possible step forward in solving the complex problems of evaluation in this context could be an approach which combines the careful analysis of the context and the creation of a theory-based narrative of the action taking place in the ‘black box’, with measurement of changes. The precondition for being able to do this is that causality is understood in a new way, as generative causality. The theory-based narratives would also be useful in generalising the results of separate evaluation studies. Research which is relevant to questions of effectiveness, should pay more attention to the ‘black box’ of prevention. The nature of the ‘black box’ is determined not only by its inner qualities but also by being studied in relation to its wider context. Reaching generalisations is also one of the basic problems. The most reliable results are often derived from a synthesis of several studies focusing on the same topic rather than from a single study. In this respect evaluations resemble any other form of social study. Making a synthesis has become easier with the development of methods of meta-evaluation during the last 15 years. Another possible way of assisting generalisation would be to make use of theory-based narratives concerning the inner mechanisms of the communities in action. As an example of a project attempting to carry out research along these lines, the paper describes a project carried out in two small communities in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland. The project attempted to move away from the use of standardised programmes and curricula towards a meaningful involvement of local citizens and professionals in the design and implementation of the community development. The evaluation of the project focuses on the question: is it feasible and effective to give the responsibility for alcohol and drug prevention to people at the local level? What does this mean in practice? Related to this question is the importance of national or regional level support for local communities. The project's finding was that while public discussion of community-based action can change people's opinions and make them more positive in their attitude to community-based prevention, local non-professional interest in dealing with alcohol-related problems is small. Without the professionals' input hardly anything would take place.

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Säävälä, Minna, Elina Turjanmaa, and Anne Alitolppa-Niitamo. "Immigrant home-school information flows in Finnish comprehensive schools." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 13, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-10-2015-0040.

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Purpose School is an institution that provides an opportunity to improve children’s equity and wellbeing and to bridge the potential disadvantage related to ethnic- or language-minority backgrounds. Information sharing between immigrant homes and school can enhance school achievement, support positive identity formation and provide early support when needed. In this paper, the perspectives of immigrant parents, school welfare personnel and school-going adolescents are analysed in order to understand how they see their respective roles in information flows between home and school. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The data consist of qualitative group and individual interviews of 34 representatives of school personnel, 13 immigrant parents and 81 young people who have experienced immigration, in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland. Findings Despite general goodwill, school personnel may fail to secure the flow of information. Due to structural power imbalance, school personnel are often incapable of engaging the parents in dialogical discourse. Young people of immigrant background in turn try to manipulate the information flow in order to protect their family and ethnic group and to cope with pressures from parents. The patterns of information flows in school as a social field reproduce immigrant homes as subaltern. Adolescents act in a strategically important juncture of information flows between immigrant home and school, which indicates that home-school interaction is actually a triad. Social implications Awareness building among school personnel is vital for equity and wellbeing of children of immigrant families. Originality/value This triangulated analysis of patterned information flows in school as a social field provides a fresh perspective to those working with children of immigrant families.

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Bagheri, Mehrdad, Milos N. Mladenovic, Iisakki Kosonen, Jukka K. Nurminen, Claudio Roncoli, and Antti Ylä-Jääski. "A Computational Framework for Revealing Competitive Travel Times with Low-Carbon Modes Based on Smartphone Data Collection." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (March 21, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4693750.

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Evaluating potential of shifting to low-carbon transport modes requires considering limited travel-time budget of travelers. Despite previous studies focusing on time-relevant modal shift, there is a lack of integrated and transferable computational frameworks, which would use emerging smartphone-based high-resolution longitudinal travel datasets. This research explains and illustrates a computational framework for this purpose. The proposed framework compares observed trips with computed alternative trips and estimates the extent to which alternatives could reduce carbon emission without a significant increase in travel time.. The framework estimates potential of substituting observed car and public-transport trips with lower-carbon modes, evaluating parameters per individual traveler as well as for the whole city, from a set of temporal and spatial viewpoints. The illustrated parameters include the size and distribution of modal shifts, emission savings, and increased active-travel growth, as clustered by target mode, departure time, trip distance, and spatial coverage throughout the city. Parameters are also evaluated based on the frequently repeated trips. We evaluate usefulness of the method by analyzing door-to-door trips of a few hundred travelers, collected from smartphone traces in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland, during several months. The experiment’s preliminary results show that, for instance, on average, 20% of frequent car trips of each traveler have a low-carbon alternative, and if the preferred alternatives are chosen, about 8% of the carbon emissions could be saved. In addition, it is seen that the spatial potential of bike as an alternative is much more sporadic throughout the city compared to that of bus, which has relatively more trips from/to city center. With few changes, the method would be applicable to other cities, bringing possibly different quantitative results. In particular, having more thorough data from large number of participants could provide implications for transportation researchers and planners to identify groups or areas for promoting mode shift. Finally, we discuss the limitations and lessons learned, highlighting future research directions.

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Lilius, Johanna, and Jukka Hirvonen. "The changing position of housing estate neighbourhoods in the Helsinki metropolitan area." Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, August 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10901-021-09890-5.

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AbstractThis paper addresses the under-researched phenomena of investments in the private rental markets in disadvantaged suburbs in Finland. Despite the application of a social-mixing policy in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and the Nordic welfare model, suburban housing estate neighbourhoods built in the 1960s and 1970s have experienced a socioeconomic decline since the 1990s. According to several recent large surveys, housing estate neighbourhoods represent the least popular housing environments among Finns. Nevertheless, as the Helsinki Metropolitan Area is currently facing rapid population growth, these neighbourhoods have now become the target for heavy infill development, and ambitious city-led regeneration plans. Simultaneously, housing investment has become an opportunity in Finland for both national and, increasingly, also international real-estate investment companies, as well as for private households. We explore the resurge to invest in housing estate neighbourhoods through two case studies in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Using statistics and interviews with policymakers and institutional real-estate investors, as well as a review of policy documents as our data, we show the variegated ways in which the marketization and financialization of housing and urban renewal policies change the social geography of housing estates in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.

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Anne, Alitolppa-Niitamo. "Liminalities: expanding and constraining the options of Somali youth in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research, January 1, 2001, 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.44962.

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Somali youth, "the generation in-between", who arrived in Finland in their early teens or as teenagers in the 1990shave faced specific challenges in Somali diaspora in Finland. Their voice is often ambiguous in the processes of cultural construction and ethnic reconstruction. Dissonant acculturation and role reversal within the families and a family culture that emphasizes strong parental authority place these young people in a liminal position. Measures which balance the pace of the acculturation between the generations could alleviate the situation In addition, the diasporic consciousness and transnational activities among Somalis along with the ethos of 'integration' within the mainstream institutions challenge Somali youth. They may find themselves 'betwixt and between' various future orientations. This should be acknowledged in educational planning, for example. While liminal states may open up new opportunities, it is claimed that several simultaneous states of liminality may be confusing for a young person, and may create risks for becoming marginal from societal and cultural classifications, as well as limit a person from finding his/her own group of reference.

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Pietilä, Jukka-Pekka, Taru Meri, Heli Siikamäki, Elisabet Tyyni, Anne-Marie Kerttula, Laura Pakarinen, T. Sakari Jokiranta, and Anu Kantele. "Dientamoeba fragilis – the most common intestinal protozoan in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland, 2007 to 2017." Eurosurveillance 24, no. 29 (July 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.29.1800546.

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Background Despite the global distribution of the intestinal protozoan Dientamoeba fragilis, its clinical picture remains unclear. This results from underdiagnosis: microscopic screening methods either lack sensitivity (wet preparation) or fail to reveal Dientamoeba (formalin-fixed sample). Aim In a retrospective study setting, we characterised the clinical picture of dientamoebiasis and compared it with giardiasis. In addition, we evaluated an improved approach to formalin-fixed samples for suitability in Dientamoeba diagnostics. Methods This study comprised four parts: (i) a descriptive part scrutinising rates of Dientamoeba findings; (ii) a methodological part analysing an approach to detect Dientamoeba-like structures in formalin samples; (iii) a clinical part comparing demographics and symptoms between patients with dientamoebiasis (n = 352) and giardiasis (n = 272), and (iv) a therapeutic part (n = 89 patients) investigating correlation between faecal eradication and clinical improvement. Results The rate of Dientamoeba findings increased 20-fold after introducing criteria for Dientamoeba-like structures in formalin-fixed samples (88.9% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity). A further increase was seen after implementing faecal PCR. Compared with patients with giardiasis, the symptoms in the Dientamoeba group lasted longer and more often included abdominal pain, cramping, faecal urgency and loose rather than watery stools. Resolved symptoms correlated with successful faecal eradication (p < 0.001). Conclusions Previously underdiagnosed, Dientamoeba has become the most frequently recorded pathogenic enteroparasite in Finland. This presumably results from improved diagnostics with either PCR or detection of Dientamoeba-like structures in formalin-fixed samples, an approach applicable also in resource-poor settings. Symptoms of dientamoebiasis differ slightly from those of giardiasis; patients with distressing symptoms require treatment.

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Pesola, A. K., R. Sihvonen, L. Lindholm, and A. Pätäri-Sampo. "Clindamycin resistant emm33 Streptococcus pyogenes emerged among invasive infections in Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland, 2012 to 2013." Eurosurveillance 20, no. 18 (May 7, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.18.21117.

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Saloranta, Tuire, Frida Gyllenberg, Anna But, Mika Gissler, Merja K. Laine, and Oskari Heikinheimo. "Use of universally offered family planning services – a cohort study in the city of Vantaa, Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, April 5, 2021, 140349482110027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948211002745.

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Aims: Knowledge about the women reached by public family planning services is scarce. The means for provision of these services that are pivotal for women’s health and empowerment varies globally. In Finland, family planning services are offered free of charge, but often separately for different age groups. City of Vantaa offers these services for all female residents without age limit. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the women using public family planning services. Methods: We assessed the sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics of women aged 15–44 using ( n = 11,790) and not using ( n = 42,931) these services in 2013–2014. We obtained adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for service use by multivariate logistic regression. Results: Women under 35 years of age had higher odds of service use compared with those over 35 (AORs ranging from 2.79 [95%CI 2.54–3.07] for 15–19 year-olds to 1.81 [95%CI 1.69–1.95] for 30–34 year-olds). Women speaking a foreign native language used services less when aged under 30 and more when aged 35–44 compared with women speaking the national languages. Women with a history of delivery, induced abortion or sexually transmitted infections, or with a lower socioeconomic or educational status were more likely to use the services. Conclusions: Young women in general were more likely to use free-of-charge family planning services. In contrast, young women speaking a foreign native language were underrepresented among service users. It is important to recognise and actively reach underrepresented groups, such as young women with a foreign background, to optimise equal access to family planning services.

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Stenius-Ayoade, Agnes, Peija Haaramo, Elisabet Erkkilä, Niko Marola, Kirsi Nousiainen, Kristian Wahlbeck, and Johan G. Eriksson. "Mental disorders and the use of primary health care services among homeless shelter users in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland." BMC Health Services Research 17, no. 1 (June 21, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2372-3.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Swedes – Finland – Helsinki Metropolitan Area'

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