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Journal articles on the topic 'Swedish Architecture 19th Century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Vetushko-Kalevich, Arsenii. "Nordic Gods in Classical Dress." Journal of Latin Cosmopolitanism and European Literatures, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/jolcel.v2i0.8303.

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The 19th century in Sweden, like in many other European countries, saw a large decline in the quantity of Neo-Latin literary production. However, a range of skillful Latin poets may be named from this period: Johan Lundblad, Johan Tranér, Emil Söderström, Johan Bergman and others, engaged as well in translating from Swedish into Latin as in composing poems of their own. It was also in the 19th century that the longest Latin poem ever written in Sweden came out – “De diis arctois libri VI” by Carl Georg Brunius (1792–1869), remarkably neglected by the scholars, although it was published twice during the lifetime of its author (1822 and 1857). The subject of the poem fits perfectly in the intellectual movement of the period, namely national romantic interest in the Nordic antiquities. The six books represent a summary of Eddaic mythology from the creation of the Universe until the Ragnarök. Brunius’ admiration for the Scandinavian Middle Ages is apparent; later it turned out to be productive in architecture, the field in which Brunius is most remembered nowadays. Brunius does not seek to turn Scandinavian gods into Greek ones. He accurately follows his sources (both the prosaic and, to a somewhat smaller extent, the poetic Edda) in content, sometimes even in wording. However, it should be born in mind that the writer was a classicist by his education. Although many compositional traits of ancient epos are lacking in the poem, it is full of the allusions to classical authors at the phrasal level. Some of them are formulaic verse elements, others deliberate and exquisite quotations. It is this elegant combination of close adherence to the sources with the use of the ancient authors (Virgil, Lucretius, Ovid, Horace) that the paper is mainly focused on.

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Negulyaeva, T. V., and S. F. Dyadchenko. "Classicism in Saratov’s Later 19th Century Architecture." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1079, no. 6 (March 1, 2021): 062019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1079/6/062019.

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3

Welinder, Stig. "The word förhistorisk, ‘prehistoric’, in Swedish." Antiquity 65, no. 247 (June 1991): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00079771.

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4

Kinn, Kari, and Ida Larsson. "Pronominale demonstrativer: nye perspektiver fra norsk og svensk." Oslo Studies in Language 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.8499.

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This paper is concerned with pronominal demonstatives (referred to as psychologically distal demonstratives by Johannessen 2008a, b) in older Norwegian spoken language, and written Swedish from the 19th century and the present-day. We show that pronominal demonstratives can be attested in speakers born in different parts of Norway in the 19th century, and in Swedish texts from the same period. However, the pronominal forms do not seem to be used in precisely the same way in the two languages. In Swedish, han/hon ‘he/she’ do not seem to behave formally like demonstratives. Instead, we propose that they are syntactically reduced pronouns at the edge of the DP, above the position for demonstratives, and that they double features lower down in the noun phrase. In Norwegian, on the other hand, han/hun are used as demonstratives already in the 19th century, in the way described for present-day Norwegian by Johannessen (2008a, b).

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5

Reiff, Daniel D. "Viollet-le-Duc and American 19th Century Architecture." Journal of Architectural Education 42, no. 1 (October 1988): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1988.10758508.

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Reiff, Daniel D. "Viollet-le-Duc and American 19th Century Architecture." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 42, no. 1 (1988): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1424998.

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7

Malm, Mats. "Punctuation, Voice, and Gender in 19th-Century Negotiations: Two Swedish Examples." Studia Neophilologica 90, sup1 (December 14, 2018): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393274.2018.1531251.

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Popławska, Irena, and Stefan Muthesius. "Poland's Manchester: 19th-Century Industrial and Domestic Architecture in Lodz." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990093.

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So far, 19th-century architecture in any of the three parts of the divided country of Poland has received virtually no attention from Western (and that includes German) architectural or town-planning historians. Lodz was undoubtedly the most important Polish town developed in the 19th century. The rapidity of the growth, especially in the later 19th century, was astonishing even by western European standards; the degree of preservation of late-19th-century industrial buildings-understood to include not only factories, but also workers' dwellings and factory owners' mansions-is considerable. After examining more briefly the early development of the textile colonies, which were supported very much by the State, the article deals in more detail with large industrial buildings erected by the most important entrepreneurs, Scheibler and Poznański. An attempt is made to relate the particular configuration of workers' houses and mansions to the social set-up locally and generally.

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9

Welinder, Stig. "The Ethnoarchaeology of a Swedish Village." Current Swedish Archaeology 2, no. 1 (December 28, 1994): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1994.12.

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The village of Nyberget, Dalarna, Central Sweden, during the 19th century is studied from an ethnoarchaeological point of view. The dynamic flexibflity and ambiguity of the cultural landscape of the village and its households are stressed. This is understood in relation to economic structure and gender roles. The concepts used in understanding the historical village form a challenging starting-point for understanding a prehistoric cultural landscape.

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Nowicki, Jan. "Gotyk polski?" Politeja 16, no. 1(58) (October 31, 2019): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.16.2019.58.18.

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Polish Gothic? Establishing Real and Imaginary Boundaries through Architecture in the II Half of the 19th Century Intensive development of national identities is a characteristic feature of the 19th century European science, culture and politics. In Poland this process was of great importance. Disintegration of the state and lack of its institutions resulted in even more determined attempts to define and divide what is “ours” from what is “foreign”. One of the most important ways of constructing this boundary was through architecture – its history and theory. In the second half of the 19th century more and more authors started to give their answers to the emerging question: are there any exceptional, individual features of Polish architecture? In this context I would like to investigate the concept of “Vistulian‑Baltic” style, which is interpreted by scholars as a first attempt to define Polish national style in architecture. Closer insight into 19th century narratives reveals how imaginary and real boundaries were established through architecture and its theory.

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Soltow, Lee. "The Swedish census of wealth at the beginning of the 19th century." Scandinavian Economic History Review 33, no. 1 (January 1985): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585522.1985.10408037.

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Högberg, Ulf, and Göran Broström. "The demography of maternal mortality-seven Swedish parishes in the 19th century." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 23, no. 6 (December 1985): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(85)90074-8.

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Vikström, Lotta, Sören Edvinsson, and Erling Häggström Lundevaller. "Disability, Mortality and Causes of Death in a 19th-Century Swedish Population." Historical Life Course Studies 10 (March 31, 2021): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9585.

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Our study aims to find how disability affected human health in historical time through an examination of individuals' mortality risks and death causes. Swedish parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base (DDB) enable us to account for a relatively high number of persons reported to have disabilities, and to compare them with a group of non-disabled cases. The findings concern a 19th-century population of 35,610 individuals in the Sundsvall region, Sweden, and show that disability increased the premature mortality risk substantially. Disability seems to have jeopardized men’s survival in particular, and perhaps due to gendered expectations concerning the type of work men and women became less able to perform when disabled. Our study of death causes indicates that their deaths were less characterized by infectious diseases than among the non-disabled group, as a possible consequence of lower exposure to infections due to the way in which disability could impede opportunities for interaction with peers in the community. In all, our mortality findings suggest that disability was associated with poor living conditions and limited possibilities to participate in work and social life, which further tend to have accumulated across life and resulted in ill health indicated by premature death.

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Nikitin, Yury, Vasiliy Goryunov, Vera Murgul, and Nikolay Vatin. "Research on Industrial Exhibitions Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.504.

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All-Russian and regional exhibition architecture in the second half of the 19th century through the early 20th century had varied distinct differences in style and design. Temporality of exhibition architecture in those days contributed to a variety of experiments made for pavilions in the context of styles and structures. There was a high demand for the Russian style to be applied for pavilions both in Russia and abroad. First search and application experience in respect to the modern art principles are connected with exhibition architecture. These experiments in the national architecture and art are of a high interest. Neo-classicism was applied in exhibition architecture in the early 20th century to a large extent. The exhibitions of the early 20th century appeared to be special ‘style workshops’. Organizers of certain exhibitions tried to keep uniformity of style of basic constructions. The major merit of exhibition architecture is that it contributed to the transition from eclecticism to a new style on the cusp of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.

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Zalesov, V. G., E. E. Mamedova, and T. N. Manonina. "LAGERNY PARK: ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING LATE IN THE 19th CENTURY." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 6 (December 29, 2019): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-6-42-58.

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The article considers the initial stage of architectural and planning development of the Lagerny Park late in the 19th century using new iconographic and textual material. The territory began to be landscaped in the second half of the 1870s, through to the activities of F.A. Narsky, the Tomsk provincial military chief colonel. His contribution to the improvement and landscaping of summer military camps is considered herein. On the basis of archival documents, the architectural and planning structure of the military camp is graphically reconstructed.

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Mukhamedyanova, Adilya Sh. "REPRESENTATION OF TREES IN SWEDISH CARPETS AND TAPESTRY." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 2(70) (June 29, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-2(70)-22.

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The translation of natural motifs into carpet drawings is considered with special attention given to compositions depicting coniferous trees. Comparisons are made between works by outstanding authors who worked in this field in the late 19th and first half of the 20th century when hand weaving was an active field for self-expression and creativity. It is concluded that that imagery and symbolism prevailed in the images of trees.

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Nilsson, Roddy. "The Practise of Pastoral Power : The Swedish Prison Chaplains in the 19th Century." Crime, Histoire & Sociétés 17, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chs.1411.

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18

Nicklasson, Påvel. "On Giants in Swedish Archaeology." Current Swedish Archaeology 17, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2009.11.

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Before the development of archaeology there were speculations that prehistory had been populated by giants. Giants are often seen in opposition to a scientific worldview and basic archaeological concepts. It has been emphasised that during the early 19th century there was a break between old beliefs and scientific archaeology. The author wants to show that the belief in giants in prehistory was essentially already gone. It was revived around rgoo by an intensified interest in prehistory. It was central in formulating basic archaeological notions, such as the existence of a Stone Age. The belief in giants and the historicity of folk tales were part of romantic philosophy. The romantic roots of archaeology have been denied but are central for archaeological thinking.

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Starodubtscev, Oleg V. "Philosophical Ideas of the Romanticism and Russian Ecclesiastical Architecture of the 19th Century." Observatory of Culture, no. 5 (October 28, 2015): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-5-49-51.

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The article considers philosophical views of the Romanticism regarding the Russian ecclesiastical architecture of the 19th century. Resting upon some paradigmatic architectural research, the author demonstrates principal features of the ecclesiastical architecture evolution in particular, to which it is sometimes impossible to apply common for the architecture of the 19th century in general rules and regularities. Among other things, the following thesis is proposed: the Romanticism is not the first stage of the Eclecticism but a natural continuation of the Classicism. Moreover, in the ecclesiastical architecture, unlike in the secular one, the ideas of Romanticism were relevant in quite different historical periods.

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Pechenkin, Ilia E. "SOME NOTES ON THE RUSSIAN STYLE REVIVAL IN 19TH-CENTURY ARCHITECTURE." Articult, no. 1 (2018): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2018-1-50-59.

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Grau, Ma Antonia, and Conxita Sangenís. "Architecture libraries in Catalonia." Art Libraries Journal 26, no. 2 (2001): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030747220001213x.

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Two of the largest architecture libraries in Spain are in institutions in Catalonia. One of these is the UPC (the Technical University of Catalonia), the home of the library of the ETSAB (the School of Architecture of Barcelona), which is one of the oldest architecture schools in Spain. The other is COAC (the Architects’ Association of Catalonia), which boasts one of the biggest architecture libraries in a professional association in the country. While these two libraries were built up in the 19th century, other architecture libraries have been created in Catalonia in the 20th century, both in schools of architecture and in the branches of COAC.

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Broström, Göran, Sören Edvinsson, and Elisabeth Engberg. "Intergenerational Transfers of Infant Mortality in 19th-Century Northern Sweden." Historical Life Course Studies 7 (March 9, 2018): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9282.

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This contribution is part of an international comparative initiative with the aim to assess the analytical power of the Intermediate Data Structure (IDS) in a study of possible intergenerational transmissions of death in infancy. An evaluation of the data in applied research will be useful for further development of the IDS structure and for its future use in comparative research. An additional methodological aim for this part of the study is to evaluate and compare different models for statistical analysis of intergenerational transfers. The analysis is based on a cohort of mothers born 1826-1854, whose experiences of infant mortality are compared to the ones of the previous generation, the grandmothers. Data are collected from Swedish parish records, available in the database POPUM at the Demographic Data Base in Umeå. The analysis shows a clear association between infant mortality among mothers and grandmothers. The probability of an infant death for a woman is increased if her mother also had experienced an infant death. Having tested for different approaches of analysis, we found that simple models with few restrictive assumptions gave similar results as more complicated models. Since it is easy to feel confident in the models with the weakest assumptions, we argue that such models are preferred for this type of analysis.

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23

Gerasimov, A. P., and T. V. Biryukova. "INTERIOR OF ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE IN SIBERIA." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-2-102-112.

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The article discusses the development of the interior in private and public buildings in Russia late in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Romantic trends that emerged in architecture Western Europe in the 19th century turned into the new style expressed in modernity, which fundamentally differs from the historical repetition in architecture of the early period. This article is an interdisciplinary work and describes such arts as architecture, painting, and decorative and applied arts. The main feature of modernity is the internal space, subordinating the interior to the exterior, its graphic and artistic solution. The article focuses on the history of the interior and light design, furniture style and color.

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Strauch, Dieter. "Von der Geldbuße zu Gottes Gesetz: Die Reformation des schwedischen Strafrechts." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 106, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 263–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgk-2020-0009.

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AbstractFrom Fine to Gods Law: The Reformation oft the Swedish Penal Law. The medieval Swedish Landscape Laws punished criminal offences by fines. In early modern times the number of corporal punishments and especially death penalties increased. Only from the 14th century male and female offenders were punished alike. Further great changes were brought about by the Reformation as the biblical Mosaic death penalties were put into action for serious offences according to Guds och Sveriges lag (God’s and Sweden’s Laws). During the 16th and 17th centuries no pardon was given in cases of biblical serious offences. Only in the 19th and 20th centuries criminal law was humanized. Death penalties were not abolished before the twentieth century.

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Sparke, Penny. "The Poetic Home: Designing the 19th-Century Domestic Interior." Journal of Architecture 15, no. 5 (October 2010): 708–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2010.519964.

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Gurev, Sergey N., Karina K. Abramova, and Grigory S. Gurev. "THE RUSSIAN STYLE IN VORONEZH ARCHITECTURE IN THE 19TH -EARLY 20TH CENTURY." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 1 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2021-1(73)-11.

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Coleman, Michael C. "‘You Might All Be Speaking Swedish Today’: language change in 19th-century Finland and Ireland." Scandinavian Journal of History 35, no. 1 (December 14, 2009): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468750903315215.

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Fadeev, K. V. "ARCHITECTURE OF THE FIRST HIGH SCHOOLS IN TOMSK LATE IN THE 19th CENTURY." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-4-7-21.

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The article deals with the history of the emergence and development of the first high schools in Tomsk. The architectural aspect associated with the provision of the high schools with their own buildings adapted to the educational process is described, which, in turn, affected the formation of the architectural appearance of Tomsk.Late in the 19th century, eclecticism characterized by a mixture of different styles, became the dominant architectural trend in the appearance of buildings in Tomsk. One of the trends in eclecticism was the brick style, according to which the educational institutions were built most of all, including the Mariinsky women's and provincial men's high schools.The relevance of the study is conditioned by the problems of preserving the architectural heritage of the second half of the 19th century in relation to the historical center of the city, which is an important cultural and educational factor.The purpose of this work is to study the brick style architecture of the first high schools in Tomsk. The study is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The specific historical methods include a study of bibliographic and comparative sources and methods of architectural analysis of the cultural objects.It is shown that the activities of a number of architects resulted in a unique architectural heritage of the 19th century, forming the architectural appearance of the historical part of Tomsk. The results of this study are reported at the meeting of Pushkin Historical Society.

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Murhem, Sofia. "Advertising in a regulated economy: Swedish advertisements 1760-1800." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 484–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-09-2015-0041.

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Purpose The aim of this paper is to examine the nature of newspaper advertisements for goods in Stockholm newspapers in the 18th century by studying what goods were advertised, how frequently they were advertised and what marketing strategies were used. The findings are discussed in relation to results from other countries and the institutional context. Design/methodology/approach The primary sources used are three Swedish papers published in Stockholm, one national, Inrikes tidningar, and two local. Stockholms Weckobladh and Dagligt Allehanda. In all, more than 1300 advertisements were examined. In addition, a number of secondary sources were used. Findings In contrast to most other countries, the guilds held a firm grip on Sweden’s (and Stockholm’s) business life throughout the 18th century, and enforced strict restrictions on market entry. Thereby, competition was reduced, the number of tradesmen was more or less constant and the need for marketing was low. The guilds also restricted advertising. This led to marketing strategies being underdeveloped in comparison to other countries, which affected Swedish marketing and Swedish advertisements all through the 19th century. Marketing was a viable option in 18th century Sweden, but only for those not restricted by guilds and societies. Originality/value There has been very little research on 18th century Swedish marketing. The paper also illustrates the need for including the institutional context when discussing historical marketing, which often has been neglected for this period in the international literature.

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Curran, Kathleen. "The German Rundbogenstil and Reflections on the American Round-Arched Style." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990381.

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This article investigates the German Rundbogenstil and its influence on the American "round-arched style." A stylistic and theoretical phenomenon of the 19th century, the German Rundbogenstil held both a specific and a generic meaning: as a contemporary building style and as a term for historical round-arched architecture. In modern scholarship, the Rundbogenstil has come to denote any round-arched building with Romanesque or Italianate features designed by certain early to mid-19th-century German architects. A general contextual analysis of the complex nature of the 19th-century round-arched styles or "tendencies" in Germany helps to define more precisely the Rundbogenstil. Following a theoretical and stylistic examination of major monuments in Karlsruhe, Munich, and Berlin, the present paper outlines the salient characteristics of the Rundbogenstil and its influence in America in the hands of certain central European emigrant architects in New York and two major mid-19th-century American architects. The fundamental theoretical change which the style underwent in the United States in both of these groups warrants a distinct label-the American "round-arched style."

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Aladzic, Viktorija. "Compatibility, adaptability and use of different types of ground floor houses in 19th century town planning: Case study Subotica." Spatium, no. 25 (2011): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1125050a.

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A lack of knowledge of the history of architecture and town planning in the 19th century resulted in underrated regard towards this historic period and consequently in a devastation of urban and architectural heritage of the 19th century. This research was intended to clarify some segments of the history of architecture and town planning in the 19th century based on the example of Subotica. Research has shown that the basic types of ground floor houses built during the 19th century in Subotica were mutually compatible and that by a simple addition of rooms on the simple base house, more complex base houses could be built. In the same way rural houses could also be transformed into urban ones. This pattern allowed for utmost rationality of the construction of individual houses as well as of the whole town. The town, due to the application of compatible house plans, reflected a semblance of order which improved year on year, because every house at any given moment represented a finished structure. Simple attachment of building parts also allowed the houses that were located in the middle of the lot to be elongated to the street regulation line. Compatible house plans, as an auxiliary means, facilitated the application of building rules, the realization of regulation plans and provided continuous development of the town of Subotica in the period of over 150 years.

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Lei, Ao, and Zheng Xin. "British architectural theory during the early modern architecture period in the 19th century." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 242 (April 1, 2019): 062018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/242/6/062018.

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KAWAMURA, Ewa. "THE PROCESS OF HOTEL ARCHITECTURE IN VENICE FROM 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 73, no. 629 (2008): 1637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.73.1637.

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Tumanik, A. G. "ARCHITECTURE AND HISTORY OF ZHYTOMYR TRANSFIGURATION CATHEDRAL." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-1-74-84.

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This article in the historical and professional context reconstructs the process of creating, characterizes the architectural and artistic quality of the Orthodox Cathedral in the name of the Transfiguration of Christ in Zhytomyr, created in the second half of the 19th century and is currently one of the category of the rarest monuments of the historic Russian temple architecture, but exists outside the bounds of the cultural space of modern Russia.

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Beckman, Jenny. "Editors, librarians, and publication exchange: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in the long 19th century." Centaurus 62, no. 1 (February 2020): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12267.

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Odén, Birgitta. "Violence against parents in Swedish peasant society." European Review 2, no. 4 (October 1994): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700001174.

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Modern research has shown that western law in the Middle Ages was strongly influenced by Mosaic law. This influence became even stronger in Sweden when the theocratic monarchy and the orthodox clergy, by an addendum to the law, also introduced the death penalty of the Pentateuch for crimes against ‘the law of God’, including violence and verbal abuse against elderly parents. Since all prosecutions for crimes requiring the death penalty had to be tried in the court of appeal, the records of the appeal courts give an overall picture of the application of the law during a 250-year period. Prosecutions for crimes against parents increased during this period from just a few cases to a hundred per year. The death sentence was mitigated in the higher courts. The trend can be interpreted as an enforcement wave, but also as an expression of serious social unrest and economic conflicts in peasant society in the first half of the 19th century.

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Welinder, Stig. "Archaeological University Education and Professional Archaeology in Sweden." Current Swedish Archaeology 8, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2000.12.

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During the 19th century very few persons in Sweden recieved a doctoral degree in archaeology. Most of them found prestigious top-positions. Today there are about 100 persons with Ph. D.'s working in Swedish archaeology in positions from the top to the bottom of the professional hierarchy. Each year 150-200 students finish their basic education in archaeology. Most of them will never find a permanent full-time job as an archaeologist. The future of Swedish archaeology will very much depend on the ambitions of the general public, including tens of thousands of persons with a formal university education in archaeology but no job within the profession.

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Adeyemi, Akande. "Introduction of Glass as Fenestration in 19th Century Lagos, Nigeria: A Brief History." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 4, no. 3 (June 12, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-p8hrbcij.

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While glass as a material has been known to the people of western Nigerian for hundreds of years, it was only in the late 19th century that it became integrated into building and construction practice in Lagos. For the most part, early local architecture made little effort, if any at all, at covering window spaces with any material of permanence as the primary purpose of these orifices was more to let air in rather than light. Early European missionaries and colonial agents saw the situation differently. Their horrid fear for tropical bugs and matters of security and privacy necessitated a response and modification to the philosophy of tropical architecture. Using qualitative methods and visual analysis of archival images, this study takes a historical look at the beginnings of the integration and use of glass as fenestration and argues that so significant was the introduction in the late 19th and early 20th century in Lagos, that the innovation re-engineered the culture of architecture and living as we know it. The study identified the first building in Lagos to use glass as fenestration and discusses the role of missionaries in the development of innovation. It argues that missionary activity in the coastal city of Lagos, created a broad new industry and trade opportunities and concludes that the introduction of glass as a building material in 19th century Lagos, was not a mere development, but a significant innovation, both in construction and creativity.

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Blomqvist, Jan. "The “Swedish model” of dealing with alcohol problems: historical trends and future challenges." Contemporary Drug Problems 25, no. 2 (June 1998): 253–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145099802500203.

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The paper describes and analyzes the development of prevention and care of alcohol problems in Sweden, from the emergence of the temperance issue as a public concern at the turn of the 19th century to the economic and ideological changes that seem to challenge the “Swedish model” of dealing with alcohol problems 100 years later. By applying an analytical model that transcends the common “badness-illness” dualism and provides a bridge between a social-political and a clinically oriented perspective, an attempt is made to relate the historical succession of dominant approaches to alcohol problems to the changing roles of the welfare state. The paper concludes by discussing the future prospects in Sweden of the type of community approach to handling alcohol problems that was first launched at the beginning of the century in Ivan Bratt's pioneer work but still awaits a major breakthrough in practice.

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Hillström,, Magdalena. "Contested Boundaries: Nation, People and Cultural History Museums in Sweden and Norway 1862–1909." Culture Unbound 2, no. 5 (December 17, 2010): 583–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.10234583.

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It has become commonplace to assert that museums embody, perform and negotiate national identities. Many researches in museum history have stressed a close relationship between nation building and the origin and formation of the modern public museum. Museums, it is argued, contributes to the construction and representation of the ethnical and historical distinctiveness of the nation’s self’. This article explores the ambiguities of the concept when applied to the establishment of cultural history museums in Sweden and Norway during the latter half of the 19th century. It shows that the relation between nation building and early museum building in the Scandinavian context was more intricate than earlier has been assumed. Museum founders like Artur Hazelius, who opened the Scandinavian-Ethnographic Collection in 1873 (renamed Nordiska museet 1880), was deeply influenced by Scandinavianism, a strong cultural and political force during the 19th century. Union politics played an important role for museum politics, as did the transitions of the concepts of “ethnography” and “nation”. At the very end of the 19th century the original concept of “nation” meaning people and culture gradually was subordinated to the concept of “nation” as state and political territory. In early 20th century museum ideology cultural history museums were strongly connected with “nations” in the modern sense. Consequently, efforts to “nationalise” the folk-culture museum were made both in Norway and Sweden. A contributory force was, naturally, the dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian union in 1905.

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Yu., Petrovska, and Kuzmych V. "PEDAGOGIC ACTIVITY OF IVAN LEVYNSKY AT LVIV SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY – EARLY 20TH CENTURY." Architectural Studies 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/as2020.01.157.

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This research introduces us into the pedagogic activity of Ivan Levynsky at the Polytechnic School. Historical documents from the State Archives of Lviv region helped us to examine and analyze curriculums of the Faculty of Construction (Program szkoły politechnicznéj we Lwowie), including names of academic subjects, number of academic hours for different years of study, and short summaries of the courses taught by the professor Ivan Levynsky.

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Matytsina, I. V. "The Swedish Language of Formal Communication in the Modern and Contemporary Times." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 162, no. 5 (2020): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2020.5.210-223.

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Processes typical of the Swedish business language during the modern era were described. The study is of high importance, because this functional style of the Swedish language has been insufficiently investigated despite the regulation and normalization processes in it are of obvious interest to specialists in the Germanic languages. The main research method is synchronic analysis enabling examination and description the material in terms of the existing norms. A wide range of examples were provided to illustrate that in the modern era the language of law gradually gets closer to the language of notifications, rules, orders, regulations, etc., i.e., to documents that are usually implied when talking about officialese (the official and business style). It was concluded that the modern period was marked by not only the distinction between these two stylistic types of text, but also by the fact that they both acquired features common to Swedish non-fiction texts (sakprosan). In the 19th century, these processes were not very evident and, despite some minor innovations, the Swedish business language still contained a number of archaic features revealed in the so-called “substantival sickness” (substantivsjukan). A fundamental change took place in the 20th century and is associated with the spelling reform of 1906, as well as significant changes in such elements of the Swedish business language as syntax, morphology, and vocabulary that emerged mostly in the second half of the 20th century. The results obtained are of great importance for studying the Swedish stylistics, as well as for understanding the essence and roles of language policy in the process of normalizing and codifying the literary language.

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Westberg, Johannes. "How much did a Swedish Schoolhouse Cost to Build? Rewriting the history of 19th-century rural schoolhouses." Scandinavian Journal of History 39, no. 4 (August 8, 2014): 448–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2014.939223.

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Morell, Mats. "Eli F. Heckscher, the ‘food budgets’, and Swedish food consumption from the 16th to the 19th century." Scandinavian Economic History Review 35, no. 1 (January 1987): 67–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585522.1987.10408082.

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Brumfield, William C. "From Victor Hugo to Fedor Dostoevskii: 19th-Century Perceptions of Architecture as Historical Text." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 8, no. 6 (June 2015): 1026–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-2015-8-6-1026-1036.

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Danielisz, Dóra. "Spatial Formation in 16-19th Century Calvinist Church Architecture: The Calvinist Churches of Sepsiszék." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 48, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.10608.

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One of the less-known and less researched regions of the Carpathian Basin is Sepsiszék, which as part of Háromszék County, was one of Greater Hungary’s southeastern frontier-guard areas. After the Reformation, the population of the region became almost exclusively the followers of one of the Protestant tendencies with Calvinism gathering the most members. Due to the location of the area, Sepsiszék and its vicinity – the former territory of the county - is home to Europe’s easternmost Protestant communities to this day. Thanks to the unique cultural, religious and social environment, the unique development of local church designs notably enriches the history of Protestant religious architecture.The survey documentation of the area’s 32 Calvinist churches along with the schematic analysis of architectural history was carried out during the summer of 2015. The central question of the research was how did the assessed churches accommodate the spatial demands of the new liturgy, and what tendencies can be identified regarding the shaping of the space. The interior layout, galleries, additions to the buildings, the proportions in the floor plans and spatial ratios will be the topics through which these questions will be answered. After tracing the locally observable main characteristics of Protestant spatial formation, similarities with Hungarian and international examples will also be explored.

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Thistlewood, David. "A. J. Penty (1875-1937) and the Legacy of 19th-Century English Domestic Architecture." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990272.

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Arthur J. Penty, an English architect in private practice in York at the turn of the century, became associated with Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin as a freelance designer and exerted a fundamentally important (though largely unsung) influence on the stylistic principles now associated with Parker and Unwin's work at the First Garden City, Letchworth (founded 1903) and at Hampstead Garden Suburb in London (commenced 1905). He was a competent Arts and Crafts designer during a late phase of this idiom's effectiveness in England, believing it to be both culturally and socially appropriate in its reflection of the English temperament and its demand for high quality production. His concerns for the latter prompted him to be an architectural theorist, to popularize the work of Voysey and Lethaby, and to advocate greater on-site collaboration between architects and craftsmen and the virtual abolition of designing on paper. It also persuaded him to become a political activist and to originate a movement-Guild Socialism-which placed great faith in the potential governance of education and production by restored crafts guilds and which enjoyed a brief moment of success in the form of a National Guilds League just after the First World War. Medievalism is the key concept linking all aspects of his life's work-his devotion to the teachings of Morris, his respect for likeminded 19th-century practical idealists, his wish to encourage a return to systems of quality control and production effective in the Middle Ages, and his "medievalist" detailing of several of Parker and Unwin's landmark buildings.

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Na'amneh, Mahmoud, Ziedoun Al-Muhiesen, Muwafaq Bataineh, and Hussien Deebajeh. "Northern Jordan Traditional Architecture during the 19th and 20th Century : An Ethno-Archaeological Perspective." University of Sharjah Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 01 (June 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0004513.

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Kuzovic, Dusko. "Architecture of public buildings for storing corn in Southwestern Serbia in the 19th century." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 168 (2018): 725–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1868725k.

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Public buildings for storing corn in grain were used to store food for the needs of the population during wars or drought years. The buildings were built in the period from 1816-1859 and 1862-1899, according to the order of the state administration. The location of the buildings was always close to the central building of the municipal administration. One or more buildings were enclosed with a solid fence for protection. Constructive and functional buildings were built on the paragon from rural households. The chosen architectural solution was verified in practice with construction familiar to the population. This paper analyzes the circumstances under which the aforementioned buildings were built, the architectural concept and the urban position in the settlement.

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Moorhouse, John C., and Margaret Supplee Smith. "The Market for Residential Architecture: 19th Century Row Houses in Boston′s South End." Journal of Urban Economics 35, no. 3 (May 1994): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1994.1016.

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