Journal articles: 'Swedish Energy System'

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Lindmark, Magnus, and Fredrik Olsson-Spjut. "The transformation of the organic energy system: the Swedish perspective." Historia Agraria. Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 77 (November 30, 2018): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.077e03l.

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This article discusses the historical conversion of the Swedish organic energy system into a mineral one. The main argument is that there was a dynamic interaction between the two systems during the Swedish industrialization process. For one, growth of the mineral energy system contributed to open previously inaccessible organic resources in the forests of northern Sweden. Secondly, the development of the pulp and paper industry contributed to the switch from charcoal to coke in the iron manufacturing industry. Thirdly, the development of hydropower, itself an organic source of energy, further contributed to the emergence of a mixed energy system. One can therefore perceive the Swedish transition from an organic to a mineral energy system as a shift from a traditional organic energy system to an industrialized one, that is, an organic energy system dependent on the technologies and organizational structures of the mineral energy system in order to function.

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Tveten, Åsa Grytli, and Torjus Folsland Bolkesjø. "Energy system impacts of the Norwegian-Swedish TGC market." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 10, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-07-2014-0003.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the power market and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission effects of the joint Norwegian–Swedish tradable green certificates (TGCs) market, which is established to support investments according to a 26.4 TWh increased annual renewable electricity generation (REG) by 2020. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies an energy system model with high granularity in time and space, and detailed power system data for the Nordic countries, Germany, The Netherlands and UK. Findings – The results show that the TGC scheme will cause a 8.7-9.3 /MWh reduction in average electricity prices in the Nordic countries. The price decrease will to a limited extent pass through to Germany, The Netherlands and UK. When assuming a low carbon price level, the new REG will reduce annual GHG emissions by 10.9 Mtonnes in 2020, primarily through substitution of German natural gas power. A sensitivity analysis shows that the GHG emission effect of the TGCs is highly sensitive to changes in the carbon price. Investment levels up to a 90 TWh increased REG per year are found to cause increasing GHG emission reductions. Originality/value – The study results signal the importance of taking the TGC policy into account in decision-making processes in the Northern European power system, in particular for market actors in the Nordic area. The authors conclude that the Nordic countries potentially can play a vital role in a future Northern European low carbon power system through export of green balancing power, substitution of thermal power and reduced GHG emissions from the Northern European power sector.

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Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen, Alireza Aslani, Marja Naaranoja, and Hamed Hafeznia. "Analysis of Energy System in Sweden Based on Time series Forecasting and Regression Analysis." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 6, no. 3 (July 2017): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2017070105.

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Sweden has had a long-term political commitment to renewable energy development up until the oil crisis of the early 1970s. Oil accounted for more than 75 percent of Swedish energy supplies in 1970. Today, the figure is around 20 percent. In this study, Swedish energy system and the trend of energy consumption are analyzed to forecast total energy consumption and energy consumption in the sectors, industrial and residential, for the next ten years, therefore, most effective factors influencing energy consumption are identified in each sector. The present paper gives the additive Holt-Winter method and regression analysis, and the model selection is based on the square root of the average squared error. The results show that energy use in Swedish energy system, especially in the residential sector, will decrease between 2014 and 2024.

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Lundgren, Marja Sofie. "Energy and architectural consequences of Swedish building code." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 5, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-08-2015-0021.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose building code changes that would benefit both architectural design and the potential of achieving nearly zero energy goals by analyzing the architectural implications of the energy system boundaries within the Swedish code. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is driven by three questions that relate the national implementation of EU directive on nearly zero energy 2020 to the premises set out in the guidelines for revising the Swedish building code aiming at a performance-based regulation. A crucial part of the research is a comparative analysis of the design implications of the code to research findings in scientific articles on near-zero energy or low-energy design. Findings – The energy system boundaries in the Swedish code are steering the architectural design and energy consequences of offices towards using less heat but more electricity. The energy section is also limiting the architectural design choices by ignoring the positive energy aspects of daylight. A proposal of a new comprehensive energy section taking all architectural design related energy aspects into account is presented, in order to support design of nearly zero energy buildings. Practical implications – A building code that relates the energy system boundaries to form will help integrated design choices that are more likely to support the strive towards nearly zero energy buildings. Originality/value – The paper reveals the design implication of the Swedish energy section to be counterproductive regarding energy efficiency as well as limiting architectural design choices.

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Storesund, Jan, and Rikard Norling. "Verification of creep analyzes of a steam pipe system, Swedish Energy Agency." Impact 2018, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2018.86.

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Zhang, Yang, Pietro Elia Campana, Anders Lundblad, Wandong Zheng, and Jinyue Yan. "Planning and operation of an integrated energy system in a Swedish building." Energy Conversion and Management 199 (November 2019): 111920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111920.

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Shafique, Hamza, Lina Bertling Tjernberg, Dan-Eric Archer, and Samuel Wingstedt. "Behind the Meter Strategies: Energy management system with a Swedish case study." IEEE Electrification Magazine 9, no. 3 (September 2021): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mele.2021.3093638.

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Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, Monica Odlare, Peter Stigson, Fredrik Wallin, and Iana Vassileva. "Buildings in the future energy system – Perspectives of the Swedish energy and buildings sectors on current energy challenges." Energy and Buildings 107 (November 2015): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.08.027.

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Kärrman, E., Å. Erlandsson, D. Hellström, B. Björlenius, and P. Tidåker. "Centralised or decentralised sanitation in Swedish summerhouse areas in transition to permanent living?" Water Science and Technology 56, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.568.

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The standard of wastewater management is high in Sweden. Around 90% of the population is connected to central wastewater treatment plants with high requirements of nutrients removal; however, still the problem with algae blooms in the Baltic Sea exists. The aim of the VeVa project was to develop a simple and user-friendly Excel-based model to support environmental decisions of how to select wastewater systems for housing areas where no central sewer system exists. The VeVa model deals with two types of environmental issues: substance flow analysis and energy analysis. Six system structures were studied for the transition area Lillängsdal in Värmdö municipality sorted in three categories: 1) on-site systems for single households; 2) local collective systems; 3) connection to central systems. All studied system structures, except for a Sand filter system, fulfilled the goals of reducing phosphorus and BOD7 according to Swedish guidelines for on-site systems in sensitive areas. All studied systems, except for the Sand filter system, have the potential to fulfil the Swedish National Environmental goal to recycle 60% phosphorus to productive land. The systems with central wastewater treatment plant and local wastewater treatment are the most energy efficient alternatives that also fulfil the requirements of discharges and environmental goals regarding phosphorus recycling.

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Fernqvist, Niklas, and Mats Lundqvist. "Entrepreneurial Sustainability Engagement of Insiders Initiating Energy System Transition." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020734.

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The central point in this article is that energy system transition can be initiated by a team of individuals interacting entrepreneurially beyond their different home-grounds in business, research, or regional development. Such entrepreneurial engagement of insiders with belongings to an established socio-technical system has not been captured in prevalent sustainability transitions or entrepreneurship perspectives. Insiders have mostly been expected to act within (and not outside) of their role expectations. This study investigates who individuals initiating energy transition are, what motives they have, and how they accomplish institutional change. The purpose is to qualify a perspective that can help us better appreciate how transitions, such as in energy systems, can be initiated. The new perspective recognizes the importance of insiders, their personal sustainability beliefs, their choice to teamwork entrepreneurially, and their narratives about the initiative affecting institutional change. It explains how transition in a heavily regulated Swedish energy system can occur. Implications are drawn for research, policy and entrepreneurial teamwork.

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Larsson, Mårten, Farzad Mohseni, Cecilia Wallmark, Stefan Grönkvist, and Per Alvfors. "Energy system analysis of the implications of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the Swedish road transport system." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40, no. 35 (September 2015): 11722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.04.160.

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Liebst, B. S. "A Pitch Control System for the KaMeWa Wind Turbine." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 107, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3140706.

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This study is the design of a pitching blade control system for the National Swedish Board for Energy Source Development KaMeWa wind turbine. Full state controllers are designed utilizing optimal control theory to reduce blade and tower vibration, power oscillations, and improve gust response. The results show that substantial vibration reduction can be obtained with the existing pitch actuators installed presently on the machine.

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Ericsson, G., and M. Jacobson. "A Channel and Inventory System for Power System Telecommunications at Swedish National Grid." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 20, no. 3 (July 2005): 1864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2005.848637.

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14

Kåberger, Tomas. "Swedish Nuclear Power and Economic Rationalities." Energy & Environment 13, no. 2 (May 2002): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958305021501173.

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The economic characteristics of nuclear power, with high investment cost and fuel costs lower than conventional fuels, make it possible to achieve low electricity prices when reactors supply marginal electricity. The support for nuclear power by the Swedish electricity consuming industry may be understood as efforts to create and defend a situation of over-capacity in the electricity production sector rather than as support for nuclear power as such. Politically the external costs of routine emissions of radioactive materials are difficult to internalise because they, like carbon dioxide, have global long-term effects. However, like the air pollutants already regulated, costs of reactor accidents, as well as the motives for taking on management costs of nuclear waste, are regional and within a generation in time. The market evaluation of accident risks has been deliberately destroyed by legislation set to favour nuclear power reactors. Societal economic rationality may be successfully applied in the energy sector. This paper describes how climate change risks were internalised in Sweden using carbon taxes under favourable political conditions. The resulting development of biofuels was surprisingly successful, indicating a potential for further modernisation of the energy supply system. Possible ways to restore the nuclear risk market in order to internalise nuclear reactor accident risks and waste costs by legislation are described. This may be done without the difficult quantification of environmental costs. Appropriate legislation may internalise the cost while creating conditions for market evaluation of these uncertain costs.

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15

Nilsson, H. "Submarine Power Systems Using the V4-275R Stirling Engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 202, no. 4 (November 1988): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_036_02.

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The Stirling power module V4-275R, integrated with a liquid oxygen system, is currently built for submarines for the Royal Swedish Navy and for the offshore company Comex in France. Since mid 1985 the Stirling engine system for the Swedish Navy has been successfully tested in a full-scale submarine test section. The next step in this programme will be an integration of the Stirling system into an operational Swedish submarine. A contract has been signed having Kockums as the main contractor. The French programme means a 500 ton manned diver lock-out submarine, the SAGA I, which is under final construction at Comex in Marseille. The energy system for the SAGA submarine consists of two V4–275R Stirling engines of maximum 100 kW power each. The oxygen storage, manufactured by AGA Cryo in Gothenburg, consists of two liquid oxygen tanks providing a total capacity of 10000 kWh, allowing the submarine to perform missions of up to 14 days submerged.

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Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh, Georgios Pardalis, and Amir Vadiee. "Profitability of Various Energy Supply Systems in Light of Their Different Energy Prices and Climate Conditions." Buildings 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10060100.

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The majority of the single-family houses in Sweden are affected by deteriorations in building envelopes as well as heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. These dwellings are, therefore, in need of extensive renovation, which provides an excellent opportunity to install renewable energy supply systems to reduce the total energy consumption. The high investment costs of the renewable energy supply systems were previously distinguished as the main barrier in the installation of these systems in Sweden. House-owners should, therefore, compare the profitability of the energy supply systems and select the one, which will allow them to reduce their operational costs. This study analyses the profitability of a ground source heat pump, photovoltaic solar panels and an integrated ground source heat pump with a photovoltaic system, as three energy supply systems for a single-family house in Sweden. The profitability of the supply systems was analysed by calculating the payback period (PBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) for these systems. Three different energy prices, three different interest rates, and two different lifespans were considered when calculating the IRR and PBP. In addition, the profitability of the supply systems was analysed for four Swedish climate zones. The analyses of results show that the ground source heat pump system was the most profitable energy supply system since it provided a short PBP and high IRR in all climate zones when compared with the other energy supply systems. Additionally, results show that increasing the energy price improved the profitability of the supply systems in all climate zones.

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Mjörnell, Kristina, Dennis Johansson, and Hans Bagge. "The Effect of High Occupancy Density on IAQ, Moisture Conditions and Energy Use in Apartments." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 4454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234454.

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Apartments built in Sweden during the record years 1961–1975 with the aim to remedy the housing shortage and abolish poor standards, were designed for a normal-sized family of 2–4 persons. The mechanical ventilation system, if existing, was primarily designed to ensure an air exchange in the apartment according to Swedish building regulations. During the last few years, the number of overcrowded apartments has increased due to housing shortage in general but also due to migration. Another aspect is that the ventilation in many apartments built during the record years is already insufficient at normal occupant load. The question is how doubling or tripling the number of occupants and thus, the moisture load will affect the risk of bad air quality and moisture damage. To find out, simulations were made to estimate whether it is possible to obtain sufficient air quality and low risk of moisture damage by only increasing the ventilation rates in existing systems or introducing new ventilation systems with and without heat recovery and what the consequence would be in terms of the additional energy demand. Measurements from earlier studies of CO2 and moisture supply in Swedish apartment buildings were used as input data.

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Bjurström, S. "The Swedish system for final disposal of radioactive waste / Das schwedische System für die Endlagerung." Kerntechnik 59, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-1994-591-211.

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Söderholm, Kristina, and Patrik Söderholm. "Industrial Energy Transitions and the Dynamics of Innovation Systems: The Swedish Pulp and Paper Industry, 1970–2010." Environments 7, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7090070.

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This article provides a sectoral innovation system perspective of the development of energy efficient and clean process technologies in the Swedish pulp and paper industry. Specifically, the analysis elaborates the importance of knowledge development, actor networks, and institutions (including policy) for progressing and diffusing novel technologies related to energy use. The empirical analysis also sheds light on how significant changes in the sectoral innovation system have influenced the relevant research, development and demonstration activities in the Swedish pulp and paper industry over the period 1970–2010. The results are based on various sources—e.g., industry magazines, reports from industrial consultants and associations, minutes from meetings—and illustrate the importance of well-functioning innovation systems for successful technological development and diffusion processes. They display, in particular, the importance of joint, industry-wide R&D activities, trust-based state—industry relationships, government R&D expenditures, and intense information sharing. One important implication is that the role of policy stretches beyond the funding of basic R&D. Policy also involves measures that strengthen existing actor networks, build competence, and secure the existence of research institutes that provide a bridge between basic knowledge generation (at the universities) on the one hand, and industrial application on the other.

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Haus, Sylvia, Lovisa Björnsson, and Pål Börjesson. "Lignocellulosic Ethanol in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Obligation System—A Case Study of Swedish Sawdust Based-Ethanol Production." Energies 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051048.

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A greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction obligation system has been implemented in the Swedish road transport sector to promote the use of biofuels. For transportation fuel suppliers to fulfil this obligation, the volume of biofuel required decreases with decreasing life cycle GHG emission for the biofuel, linking lower GHG emission to higher economic value. The aim of this study was to investigate how the economic competitiveness of a Swedish emerging lignocellulosic-based ethanol production system would be influenced by the reduction obligation. The life cycle GHG emission for sawdust-based ethanol was calculated by applying the method advocated in the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED II). The saving in GHG emissions, compared with fossil liquid transportation fuels, was 93% for a potential commercial production system in southern Sweden. This, in turn, will increase the competitiveness of sawdust-based ethanol compared to the mainly crop-based ethanol currently used in the Swedish biofuel system, which has an average GHG emission saving of 68%, and will allow for an almost 40% higher price of sawdust-based ethanol, compared to the current price of ethanol at point of import. In a future developed, large-scale market of advanced ethanol, today’s GHG emission reduction obligation system in Sweden seems to afford sufficient economic advantage to make lignocellulosic ethanol economically viable. However, in a short-term perspective, emerging lignocellulosic-based ethanol production systems are burdened with economic risks and therefore need additional economic incentives to make a market introduction possible.

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Olausson, Pär Magnus. "Planning for resilience in the case of power shortage: The Swedish STYREL policy." Central European Journal of Public Policy 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2019-0004.

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Abstract Modern society has developed a growing dependence on electricity in order to carry out important societal functions. This implies the risk of cascading failures to society in the case of power shortage. The creation of a resilient and sustainable power energy system is therefore crucial. Equal crucial is the preparedness for the event of power shortage. As a part of the Swedish crisis management system, the Swedish Energy Agency (EM) has developed a planning system, STYREL, to identify social important objects in order to ensure important social functions in the case of power shortage. This article examines STYREL as a policy network and as a planning system to ensure a sustainable and resilient power supply. The study focus on the design of the system, the implementation of the system based on the results from the two rounds completed in 2010 and 2014. Using interviews with coordinators at the local and regional level in three counties and a survey including all 21 coordinators at the regional level, it indicates that the design of the planning system reviles opportunities for improvements of the planning system. The study also indicates that the coordinators at the local level lack trust in the planning system depending on both the lack of resource and the lack of feedback. This in turn indicates challenges for the system from a resilient and sustainability point of view.

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Maninnerby, Bergerland, Lazarou, and Theocharis. "Electric Vehicle Penetration in Distribution Network: A Swedish Case Study." Applied System Innovation 2, no. 3 (June 28, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi2030019.

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This study aims to simulate the use of renewable energy in the form of different energy sources, such as solar cells, district heating, and in the presence of battery storage and for high penetration of electric vehicles in a typical Swedish power grid. The EnergyPLAN software is used. The purpose is to examine the demands in order to cope with the needs that may arise and to create a better understanding of how renewable energy affects the power balance and future investments in the case of a typical Swedish distribution system. The importance of this research is mainly based on the fact that it represents a real network, as it operates today, which is analyzed using the expected electric vehicle penetration. The aim is to investigate the expansion needs for maintaining the current quality for service despite the addition of new loads. In addition, the regional and national special regulatory and operational requirements are taken into account and described in this work.

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AUTIO, E., U. SIHTO, and J. MONONEN. "Energy intake and growth of weanling horses in a cold loose housing system." Agricultural and Food Science 17, no. 4 (December 4, 2008): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960608787235586.

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The demand for information relating to the nutrition of horses in a cold environment is increasing with the popularity of loose housing of horses. This study examined the energy intake and growth of 10 weanling horses from November to March (22 weeks) in a loose housing system (paddock and insulated sleeping hall with deep-litter bed). The horses were measured weekly for body condition and body weight, and the feeding was adjusted according to a horses body condition. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake was compared to Finnish (MTT 2006) and Swedish (SLU 2004) nutrient requirements for 612-month-old horses. ME intake (75.5 ± 11.8 MJ d-1, mean ± SD) was on average 24.6% above the requirements. The intake varied in a non-linear fashion in the course of the winter: y = 0.086x2 0.902x + 71.5, where x is weeks from November to March (p

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Svensson, Elin, Matteo Morandin, Simon Harvey, and Stavros Papadokonstantakis. "Studying the Role of System Aggregation in Energy Targeting: A Case Study of a Swedish Oil Refinery." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040958.

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The definition of appropriate energy targets for large industrial processes is a difficult task since operability, safety and plant layout aspects represent important limitations to direct process integration. The role of heat exchange limitations in the definition of appropriate energy targets for large process sites was studied in this work. A computational framework was used which allows to estimate the optimal distribution of process stream heat loads in different subsystems and to select and size a site wide utility system. A complex Swedish refinery site is used as a case study. Various system aggregations, representing different patterns of heat exchange limitations between process units and utility configurations were explored to identify trade-offs and bottlenecks for energy saving opportunities. The results show that in spite of the aforementioned limitations direct heat integration still plays a significant role for the refinery energy efficiency. For example, the targeted hot utility demand is reduced by 50–65% by allowing process-to-process heat exchange within process units even when a steam utility system is available for indirect heat recovery. Furthermore, it was found that direct process heat integration is motivated primarily at process unit level, since the heat savings that can be achieved by allowing direct heat recovery between adjacent process units (25–42%) are in the same range as those that can be obtained by combining unit process-to-process integration with site-wide indirect heat recovery via the steam system (27–42%).

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Balmér, P., and D. Hellström. "Performance indicators for wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 7 (April 1, 2012): 1304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.014.

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The Swedish Water & Wastewater Association has operated a web-based system, VASS, for the collection and compilation of key data from the Swedish water utilities since 2003. The VASS system will now be expanded to include data on operation of individual wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The objective is to provide performance indicators (PIs) for performance and economy and the use of resources such as energy, chemicals and manpower. A set of PIs has been developed that also includes explanatory factors to compensate for differences in the condition of operation between plants. This paper discusses the data required for the calculation of PI but also for explanatory factors, quality checks and for plant operation context. The discussion is based on the experiences from a test round with the participation of 24 WWTP.

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Amiri, Shahnaz, and Gottfried Weinberger. "Increased cogeneration of renewable electricity through energy cooperation in a Swedish district heating system - A case study." Renewable Energy 116 (February 2018): 866–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.003.

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Mangold, Mikael, Magnus Österbring, Conny Overland, Tim Johansson, and Holger Wallbaum. "Building Ownership, Renovation Investments, and Energy Performance—A Study of Multi-Family Dwellings in Gothenburg." Sustainability 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2018): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10051684.

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The European building stock was renewed at a rapid pace during the period 1950–1975. In many European countries, the building stock from this time needs to be renovated, and there are opportunities to introduce energy efficiency measures in the renovation process. Information availability and increasingly available analysis tools make it possible to assess the impact of policy and regulation. This article describes methods developed for analyzing investments in renovation and energy performance based on building ownership and inhabitant socio-economic information developed for Swedish authorities, to be used for the Swedish national renovations strategy in 2019. This was done by analyzing measured energy usage and renovation investments made during the last 30 years, coupled with building specific official information of buildings and resident area characteristics, for multi-family dwellings in Gothenburg (N = 6319). The statistical analyses show that more costly renovations lead to decreasing energy usage for heating, but buildings that have been renovated during the last decades have a higher energy usage when accounting for current heating system, ownership, and resident socio-economic background. It is appropriate to include an affordability aspect in larger renovation projects since economically disadvantaged groups are over-represented in buildings with poorer energy performance.

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Ruin, Sven. "New Wind-Diesel System on Osmussaare." Wind Engineering 27, no. 1 (February 2003): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952403321833752.

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In December 2002, a new wind-diesel system, rated 30 kVA, was commissioned on the island of Osmussaare, Estonia, by the Swedish company PitchWind Systems AB. The wind-diesel system is the only power source on this isolated island, where a radar station is under construction. The end user is the Estonian Border Guard and the project was carried out in cooperation with a local partner, Empower EEE AS, which also supplied the tower of the wind turbine. PitchWind's wind turbines are especially suited for wind-diesel applications, because of the variable speed operation and special control system. The concept, originally developed by Chalmers University of Technology, saves expense by not requiring a dumpload, rotary converter or custom-built diesel genset. The system efficiency results from the use of power electronic interfaces, robust, but sophisticated, control and the special characteristics of the wind turbine. On Osmussaare, it was decided to include a battery bank in the system to increase fuel savings, because of the very high cost of fuel on the island, but the system works also without the battery bank. The power electronics used in the project are standard industrial products made by ABB and the wind-diesel control system, based on LonWorks technology, was supplied by the ÅF Group. LonWorks is a wide-spread technology for open, distributed control systems, and brings several important benefits for hybrid power systems. During 2003, PitchWind plans to install a similar wind-diesel system together with Empower EEE on Vaindloo, another remote Estonian island.

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Dodoo, Ambrose. "Techno-economic and environmental performances of heating systems for single-family code-compliant and passive houses." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103039.

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In this study the implications of different energy efficiency requirements and heating solutions for versions of a single-family house in southern Sweden is explored. Final energy use, primary energy use, climate impacts and lifecycle cost of heat supply are analyzed for the building versions designed to meet the current Swedish BBR 2015 building code and heated with district heating or exhaust air heat pump. A case where the building is designed to the Swedish passive house criteria and heated with exhaust air heat pump is also analyzed. The district heating is assumed to be supplied from combined heat and power plants using bio-based fuels. For the heat pump solutions, cases are analyzed where the electricity supply is from coal-fired condensing power plant or fossil gas combined cycle power plant as baseline scenario, and from a combination of improved fossil power plants and non-fossil power plants as long-term scenario. The analysis considers the entire energy chain from natural resources to the final energy services. The results show that the BBR heat pump heated building use the most primary energy compared to the other two alternatives. Lifecycle cost is reduced by about 7-12% when district heating is used instead of heat pump for a BBR code-compliant building. This study shows the importance of lifecycle and system-wide perspectives in analyzing the resource efficiency and climate impacts as well as economic viabilities of heating solutions for houses.

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Amiandamhen, Stephen O., Anuj Kumar, Stergios Adamopoulos, Dennis Jones, and Bengt Nilsson. "Bioenergy production and utilization in different sectors in Sweden: A state of the art review." BioResources 15, no. 4 (September 18, 2020): 9834–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.amiandamhen.

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In the continual desire to reduce the environmental footprints of human activities, research efforts to provide cleaner energy is increasingly becoming vital. The effect of climate change on present and future existence, sustainable processes, and utilizations of renewable resources have been active topics within international discourse. In order to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions from traditional materials and processes, there has been a shift to more environmental friendly alternatives. The conversion of biomass to bioenergy, including biofuels has been considered to contribute to the future of climate change mitigation, although there are concerns about carbon balance from forest utilization. Bioenergy accounts for more than one-third of all energy used in Sweden and biomass has provided about 60% of the fuel for district heating. Apart from heat and electricity supply, the transport sector, with about 30% of global energy use, has a significant role in a sustainable bioenergy system. This review presents the state of the art in the Swedish bioenergy sector based on literature and Swedish Energy Agency’s current statistics. The review also discusses the overall bioenergy production and utilization in different sectors in Sweden. The current potential, challenges, and environmental considerations of bioenergy production are also discussed.

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Kurdve, Martin, Mats Zackrisson, Magnus Wiktorsson, and Ulrika Harlin. "Lean and green integration into production system models – experiences from Swedish industry." Journal of Cleaner Production 85 (December 2014): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.013.

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Jelica, D., M. Taljegard, L. Thorson, and F. Johnsson. "Hourly electricity demand from an electric road system – A Swedish case study." Applied Energy 228 (October 2018): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.047.

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Lind, Jonas, Tove Malmqvist, and Josefin Wangel. "Developing Citylab Post-Construction—A Swedish Certification System to Evaluate the Sustainability of Urban Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2020): 4454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114454.

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This paper describes the development of Citylab Post-Construction, a Swedish certification system for evaluating the sustainability performance of urban areas in a post-construction phase once the area is inhabited. The process design was based on transdisciplinary and research-through-design approaches, and involved experts and practitioners within Swedish urban planning, real estate and construction sector. This paper is not highlighting the certification system per se, but rather the process of developing it, with the aim of increasing the understanding of such design processes. A previously developed, but so far untested, framework of key considerations for certification systems was used to clarify benefits and drawbacks of different design decisions. The framework was used in all steps of the process, from defining the overall structure, to selecting indicators, formulating detailed requirements and assessing comments of the open consultation of a draft version. The framework of key considerations proved useful in supporting this process, by highlighting conflicts as well as synergies and creating transparency with respect to trade-offs needed between being e.g., scientifically credible but still practical enough. While it is difficult to separate the framework from the process in which it was put to use, we believe that the framework can be supportive also in other processes, both for developing new certification systems or for refining and evaluating existing ones.

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Engström, Rebecka Ericsdotter, Mark Howells, and Georgia Destouni. "Water impacts and water-climate goal conflicts of local energy choices – notes from a Swedish perspective." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 376 (February 1, 2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-376-25-2018.

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Abstract. To meet both the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), nations, sectors, counties and cities need to move towards a sustainable energy system in the next couple of decades. Such energy system transformations will impact water resources to varying extents, depending on the transformation strategy and fuel choices. Sweden is considered to be one of the most advanced countries towards meeting the SDGs. This paper explores the geographical origin of and the current water use associated with the supply of energy in the 21 regional counties of Sweden. These energy-related uses of water represent indirect, but still relevant, impacts for water management and the related SDG on clean water and sanitation (SDG 6). These indirect water impacts are here quantified and compared to reported quantifications of direct local water use, as well as to reported greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as one example of other types of environmental impacts of local energy choices in each county. For each county, an accounting model is set up based on data for the local energy use in year 2010, and the specific geographical origins and water use associated with these locally used energy carriers (fuels, heat and electricity) are further estimated and mapped based on data reported in the literature and open databases. Results show that most of the water use associated with the local Swedish energy use occurs outside of Sweden. Counties with large shares of liquid biofuel exhibit the largest associated indirect water use in regions outside of Sweden. This indirect water use for energy supply does not unambiguously correlate with either the local direct water use or the local GHG emissions, although for the latter, there is a tendency towards an inverse relation. Overall, the results imply that actions for mitigation of climate change by local energy choices may significantly affect water resources elsewhere. Swedish counties are thus important examples of localities with large geographic zones of water influence due to their local energy choices, which may compromise water security and the possibility to meet water-related global goals in other world regions.

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Ayob, Mohd Nasir, Valeria Castellucci, Johan Abrahamsson, and Rafael Waters. "A Remotely Controlled Sea Level Compensation System for Wave Energy Converters." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101946.

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The working principle of the wave energy converter (WEC) developed at Uppsala University (UU) is based on a heaving point absorber with a linear generator. The generator is placed on the seafloor and is connected via a steel wire to a buoy floating on the surface of the sea. The generator produces optimal power when the translator's oscillations are centered with respect to the stator. However, due to the tides or other changes in sea level, the translator's oscillations may shift towards the upper or lower limit of the generator's stroke length, resulting in a limited stroke and a consequent reduction in power production. A compensator has been designed and developed in order to keep the generator's translator centered, thus compensating for sea level variations. This paper presents experimental tests of the compensator in a lab environment. The wire adjustments are based on online sea level data obtained from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). The objective of the study was to evaluate and optimize the control and communication system of the device. As the device will be self-powered with solar and wave energy, the paper also includes estimations of the power consumption and a control strategy to minimize the energy requirements of the whole system. The application of the device in a location with high tides, such as Wave Hub, was analyzed based on offline tidal data. The results show that the compensator can minimize the negative effects of sea level variations on the power production at the WEC. Although the wave energy concept of UU is used in this study, the developed system is also applicable to other WECs for which the line length between seabed and surface needs to be adjusted.

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Bergström, Martin, and Pentti Kujala. "Simulation-Based Assessment of the Operational Performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 6747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196747.

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This article presents a discrete event simulation-based approach for assessing the operating performance of the Finnish–Swedish Winter Navigation System (FSWNS) under different operating scenarios. Different operating scenarios are specified in terms of ice conditions, the volume of maritime traffic, number of icebreakers (IBs), and regulations such as the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Considered performance indicators include transport capacity, number of instances of icebreaker (IB) assistance, and IB waiting times. The approach is validated against real-world data on maritime traffic in the Bothnian Bay. In terms of the number of ship arrivals per port, indicating the transport capacity of the FSWNS, the simulation agrees well with the data. In terms of the number of instances of IB assistance and IB waiting times per port, the standard deviations between the mean of 35 independent simulation runs and the data are 13% and 18%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the simulated number of instances of IB assistance and IB waiting times is particularly sensitive to assumptions concerning the presence of brash ice channels. Case studies indicate that, unless the number of IBs is increased, the EEDI regulations may result in a significant increase in both the number of instances of IB assistance and the cumulated IB waiting times.

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Higa, Cecilia, Marcelo Cunha, and Semida Silveira. "Coalitions Towards the Carbon Tax in the Swedish Heating Sector." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208530.

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The carbon tax is a cornerstone of the climate policy in Sweden. Historically, it has played a central role in the replacement of fossil fuels in the heating sector. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the policy-making process that led to the formulation and adoption of the carbon tax in the Swedish heating sector, from 1980 to 1991. We used the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), according to which policy actors form coalitions based on shared beliefs. Drawing from both literature and empirical experiences gathered through in-depth interviews, we identified supporting and opposing coalitions that diverged in their views concerning bioenergy development and the potential impact of the carbon tax. This study illustrates the complex conditions for introduction of environmental taxes and expansion of new industries, particularly when established businesses perceive the new activities as a threat. The Swedish experience shows that countries can progress by exploring internal synergies and innovative policy designs, despite potential resistance of established constituencies. The successful adoption of the carbon tax in the Swedish heating sector serves as inspiration for policymakers in other sectors and countries, as they contemplate policies to promote the decarbonization of the energy system.

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Hansson, Lisa, and Lena Nerhagen. "Regulatory Measurements in Policy Coordinated Practices: The Case of Promoting Renewable Energy and Cleaner Transport in Sweden." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061687.

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International organisations, such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU), are seeking to implement a cohesive Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) system in order to achieve better regulation and increased unity and transparency. Central to these evaluations is the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and related tools. A comprehensive analysis of the use of impact assessment in the EU shows that many assessments lack important economic components. This paper draws on an extensive document study of the Swedish policy making process related to the EU Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. The aim of the paper is to examine how CBA is presented, negotiated and accounted for by central actors within a policy setting influenced by negotiation and policy coordination. The paper departs from a theoretical perspective on policy coordination and shows how this factor must be considered when explaining the low use of CBA. It concludes that the Swedish policy tradition, wherein the national government relies on consensus-based coordination between agencies, might counteract a more explicit assessment of different policy options. The paper also proposes a model that can be used for further studies on CBA and policy coordination.

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Åberg, M., and D. Henning. "Optimisation of a Swedish district heating system with reduced heat demand due to energy efficiency measures in residential buildings." Energy Policy 39, no. 12 (December 2011): 7839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.031.

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Brännlund, Runar, and Tommy Lundgren. "Swedish industry and Kyoto—An assessment of the effects of the European CO2 emission trading system." Energy Policy 35, no. 9 (September 2007): 4749–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.04.005.

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La Fleur, Lina, Patrik Rohdin, and Bahram Moshfegh. "Energy Use and Perceived Indoor Environment in a Swedish Multifamily Building before and after Major Renovation." Sustainability 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2018): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10030766.

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Improved energy efficiency in the building sector is a central goal in the European Union and renovation of buildings can significantly improve both energy efficiency and indoor environment. This paper studies the perception of indoor environment, modelled indoor climate and heat demand in a building before and after major renovation. The building was constructed in 1961 and renovated in 2014. Insulation of the façade and attic and new windows reduced average U-value from 0.54 to 0.29 W/m2·K. A supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery replaced the old exhaust ventilation. Heat demand was reduced by 44% and maximum supplied heating power was reduced by 38.5%. An on-site questionnaire indicates that perceived thermal comfort improved after the renovation, and the predicted percentage dissatisfied is reduced from 23% to 14% during the heating season. Overall experience with indoor environment is improved. A sensitivity analysis indicates that there is a compromise between thermal comfort and energy use in relation to window solar heat gain, internal heat generation and indoor temperature set point. Higher heat gains, although reducing energy use, can cause problems with high indoor temperatures, and higher indoor temperature might increase thermal comfort during heating season but significantly increases energy use.

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Haraldsson, Joakim, and Maria T. Johansson. "Barriers to and Drivers for Improved Energy Efficiency in the Swedish Aluminium Industry and Aluminium Casting Foundries." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072043.

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Industrial energy efficiency is important for reducing CO2 emissions and could be a competitive advantage for companies because it can reduce costs. However, cost-effective energy efficiency measures are not always implemented because there are barriers inhibiting their implementation. Drivers for energy efficiency could provide means for overcoming these barriers. The aim of this article was to study the importance of different barriers to and drivers for improved energy efficiency in the Swedish aluminium industry and foundries that cast aluminium. Additionally, the perceived usefulness of different information sources on energy efficiency measures was studied. The data were collected through a questionnaire covering 39 barriers and 48 drivers, divided into different categories. Both the aluminium and foundry industries considered technological and economic barriers as the most important categories. The most important category of drivers for the aluminium industry was organisational drivers, while the foundries rated economic drivers as the most important. Colleagues within the company, the company group and sector, and the trade organisation were considered the most useful information sources. Important factors for driving work with improved energy efficiency included access to knowledge within the company, having a culture within the company promoting energy efficiency, and networking within the sector. The policy implications identified included energy labelling of production equipment, the law on energy audit in large companies and subsidy for energy audits in small- and medium-sized companies, voluntary agreements that included long-term energy strategies, increased taxes to improve the cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency measures, and EUs Emission Trading System.

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Jägerbrand, Annika K. "Development of an Indicator System for Local Governments to Plan and Evaluate Sustainable Outdoor Lighting." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031506.

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Outdoor lighting offers many benefits to its users and is often considered a necessity for an active lifestyle when living in modern society. Sustainable outdoor lighting should fulfil the functional needs of the users, be cost- and energy-efficient, and result in minimal environmental impact. So far, a limited number of studies have been able to present clear strategies on how to plan and use outdoor lighting to ensure that it contributes towards sustainable development. Therefore, this study aimed to answer the following questions: (1) How many of the previously established sustainability indicators are already used by municipalities in their lighting planning? (2) Which types of indicators are not used by municipalities? Another aim of the study was to further develop the framework of sustainability indicators by adding new indicators that were identified from lighting plans of Swedish municipalities and the existing literature. In this study, lighting master plans from 16 randomly chosen Swedish municipalities with varying population sizes were analyzed. The results show that few sustainable indicators are used by the municipalities’ lighting plans, especially in the social dimension. The existing framework of sustainability indicators was developed by adding new indicators. Furthermore, 28 new indicators were identified, eight originated from new studies and the literature, and 20 originated from the municipalities’ lighting master plans. This study shows that there is a need for guidelines and recommendations for working with outdoor lighting from a sustainability perspective, especially in the social dimension of sustainability, where most of the new indicators were identified.

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Papageorgiou, Asterios, Archana Ashok, Tabassom Hashemi Farzad, and Cecilia Sundberg. "Climate change impact of integrating a solar microgrid system into the Swedish electricity grid." Applied Energy 268 (June 2020): 114981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114981.

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Dzebo, Adis, and Björn Nykvist. "A new regime and then what? Cracks and tensions in the socio-technical regime of the Swedish heat energy system." Energy Research & Social Science 29 (July 2017): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.05.018.

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Berggren, Björn, and Maria Wall. "State of Knowledge of Thermal Bridges—A Follow up in Sweden and a Review of Recent Research." Buildings 8, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8110154.

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It is important to minimize transmission heat transfer losses through the building envelope when designing and building energy efficient buildings in heating dominated climates. In such a climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission heat transfer losses through the building envelope. Calculations of these losses must be carried out in a correct way to ensure a properly sized heating system and a good indoor climate. Furthermore, underestimating the transmission heat transfer may lead to energy costs that exceed expectations. A Swedish study was published five years ago which concluded that the state of knowledge was low and simplified methods used were not accurate. Five years has passed since the previous study. The purpose of this follow-up is to investigate whether the state of knowledge among Swedish consultants has increased and to review the progress within the international field. The study shows that little has changed in Sweden. The state of knowledge regarding different measuring methods and the effect on thermal bridges is still not satisfying. Furthermore, the review of recent research shows that the relative effect of thermal bridges vary greatly. More guidelines and education/training are needed. Further research should be carried out with a holistic approach where thermal bridges are investigated with varying construction types, energy efficiency of building envelopes and different measuring methods.

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Engström, Rebecka, Georgia Destouni, Mark Howells, Vivek Ramaswamy, Holger Rogner, and Morgan Bazilian. "Cross-Scale Water and Land Impacts of Local Climate and Energy Policy—A Local Swedish Analysis of Selected SDG Interactions." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071847.

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This paper analyses how local energy and climate actions can affect the use of water and land resources locally, nationally and globally. Each of these resource systems is linked to different Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); we also explore related SDG interactions. A municipality in Sweden with the ambition of phasing out fossil fuels by year 2030 is used as illustrative case example. The local energy system is modelled in detail and indirect water and land requirements are quantified for three stylised decarbonisation scenarios of pathways to meeting climate and energy requirements (related to SDG13 and SDG7, respectively). Total local, national and global implications are addressed for the use of water and land resources, which relate to SDG6 for water, and SDG2 and SDG15 for land use. We find that the magnitude and location of water and land impacts are largely pathway-dependent. Some scenarios of low carbon energy may impede progress on SDG15, while others may compromise SDG6. Data for the studied resource uses are incoherently reported and have important gaps. As a consequence, the study results are indicative and subject to uncertainty. Still, they highlight the need to recognise that resource use changes targeting one SDG in one locality have local and non-local impacts that may compromise progress other SDGs locally and/or elsewhere in the world.

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Luthander, Rasmus, Mahmoud Shepero, Joakim Munkhammar, and Joakim Widén. "Photovoltaics and opportunistic electric vehicle charging in the power system – a case study on a Swedish distribution grid." IET Renewable Power Generation 13, no. 5 (February 12, 2019): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.5082.

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Høøk Presto, M., H. K. Andersson, S. Folestam, and J. E. Lindberg. "Activity behaviour and social interactions of pigs raised outdoors and indoors." Archives Animal Breeding 51, no. 4 (October 10, 2008): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-51-338-2008.

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Abstract. Activity behaviour and social interactions of pigs in indoor and outdoor systems fed different levels of amino acids were studied on 96 crossbred pigs (Hampshire × Swedish Landrace × Swedish Yorkshire). The pigs were born outdoors and raised indoors in conventional pens or outdoors on pastures and given recommended (R), 7 % lower (R-7) or 14 % lower (R-14) levels of amino acids, in a phase feeding system with a low-energy diet provided ad libitum. Pigs in the outdoor system walked significantly more (p=0.012) and tended to be rooting more (p=0.098) than indoor pigs. Amino acid level did not affect the activity behaviour and social interactions of the pigs. Indoor pigs given diets R-7 and R-14 were drinking significantly more often than indoor pigs receiving the R diet, but had less contact with other pigs (p=0.020 and p=0.002, respectively). For outdoor pigs no such effect of amino acid level was found. Queuing for feed decreased with increasing age of the pigs, both indoors and outdoors (p=0.009). Rooting decreased and sleeping increased with the age of indoor pigs (p=0.014 and p=0.001, respectively), whereas no consistent trend for outdoor pigs was found. Sniffing, nibbling, pushing (p=0.001 for all) and tail manipulation (p=0.002) occurred more often indoors than outdoors. The results show that pigs in an outdoor system are more active and perform more natural behaviours, such as foraging and rooting, than pigs in an indoor system. Furthermore, roughages, such as pasture, and large areas may play an important role in occupying pigs and therefore contribute to less aggressive behaviours.

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Moberg, Emma, Hanna Karlsson Potter, Amanda Wood, Per-Anders Hansson, and Elin Röös. "Benchmarking the Swedish Diet Relative to Global and National Environmental Targets—Identification of Indicator Limitations and Data Gaps." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041407.

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To reduce environmental burdens from the food system, a shift towards environmentally sustainable diets is needed. In this study, the environmental impacts of the Swedish diet were benchmarked relative to global environmental boundaries suggested by the EAT-Lancet Commission. To identify local environmental concerns not captured by the global boundaries, relationships between the global EAT-Lancet variables and the national Swedish Environmental Objectives (SEOs) were analysed and additional indicators for missing aspects were identified. The results showed that the environmental impacts caused by the average Swedish diet exceeded the global boundaries for greenhouse gas emissions, cropland use and application of nutrients by two- to more than four-fold when the boundaries were scaled to per capita level. With regard to biodiversity, the impacts caused by the Swedish diet transgressed the boundary by six-fold. For freshwater use, the diet performed well within the boundary. Comparison of global and local indicators revealed that the EAT-Lancet variables covered many aspects included in the SEOs, but that these global indicators are not always of sufficiently fine resolution to capture local aspects of environmental sustainability, such as eutrophication impacts. To consider aspects and impact categories included in the SEO but not currently covered by the EAT-Lancet variables, such as chemical pollution and acidification, additional indicators and boundaries are needed. This requires better inventory data on e.g., pesticide use and improved traceability for imported foods.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Swedish Energy System'

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