Journal articles: 'Sweetened condensed milk'

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Rahman, MM, M. Miaruddin, MGF Chowdhury, MHH Khan, and Mozahid E. Rahman. "Development of processing method for sweetened condensed corn milk." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 2 (June 16, 2019): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v44i2.41825.

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The experiment was undertaken to develop the processing method for sweetened condensed milk from corn to enhance the diversified use of corn. After extracting the milk from milky/dough stage corn (after 5 to 6 weeks of sowing), it was processed into condensed milk. The sweetened condensed corn milk prepared from the combination of 80% sugar of total extracted milk with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at 0.3% of milk obtained the highest acceptability rank (8.67, "like very much" to "like extremely") after 8 weeks of storage at ambient condition. The minimum microbial load was observed in the combination of 85% sugar and 0.3% CMC of corn milk which followed by 80% sugar and 0.3% CMC of corn milk combination during storage. The retention of vitamin C (5.88 mg/100g) and vitamin A (ß- carotene, 6.98 μg/100g) was found better in the condensed corn milk prepared with the combination with 80% sugar and 0.3% CMC of corn milk after 8 weeks. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 377-385, June 2019

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Kalinina, E. D., E. Yu Porotova, R. A. Filonov, and A. D. Lodygin. "Study of sweetened condensed milk rheological properties." Dairy Industry, no. 2 (2018): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31515/1019-8946-2018-2-64-66.

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Shimoda, M., Y. Yoshimura, T. Yoshimura, K. Noda, and Y. Osajima. "Volatile Flavor Compounds of Sweetened Condensed Milk." Journal of Food Science 66, no. 6 (August 2001): 804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15176.x.

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Silveira, Michelle Fernandes, Lourdes Maria Pessôa Masson, José Francisco Pereira Martins, Thiago da Silveira Álvares, Vânia Margaret Flosi Paschoalin, César Lázaro de la Torre, and Carlos Adam Conte-Junior. "Simultaneous Determination of Lactulose and Lactose in Conserved Milk by HPLC-RID." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/185967.

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Heat treatment is applied to dairy products to ensure microbiological quality and increase the shelf life. However, a suitable control of this process is necessary to guarantee nutritional and sensory quality. The aim of this study is to adapt the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of lactulose and lactose content in commercial samples of UHT and sweetened condensed milk. The HPLC method used showed a good resolution of the analytes evaluated. The analyzed UHT milk samples presented levels for lactulose in accordance with the limit recommended by the International Dairy Federation. There was no significant variation in lactulose concentration for sweetened condensed milk samples. However, one sweetened condensed milk sample showed lactose level lower than the established values (10–12%).

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Hasrini, Reno Fitri, and Ainun Khoiriyah. "ANALISIS PRODUK KRIMER KENTAL MANIS DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN STANDAR NASIONAL INDONESIA BARU." Jurnal Standardisasi 20, no. 3 (January 16, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v20i3.727.

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Currently many milk derivative products are difficult to differentiated, namely sweetened condensed milk (SCM), non dairy sweetened condensed milk (NDSC) and sweetened condensed creamer (SCC). Therefore, it is necessary to mapping the concept of quality requirements for the three products. There are no national and international standards that govern and distinguish the characteristics of the products. To find out the characteristics of local SCC in Indonesia and compare them with imported SCC, it is necessary to analyze various local and imported SCC where circulating in the market. The materials used are local SCC 10 brands and 5 brand imports. The analysis carried out was water content, protein (Nx 6.38%), total fat and sugar content as saccharose. The results of the analysis showed that the local SCC had average of water content, protein (Nx6.38%), total fat and sugar content as saccharose were 22.68 ± 2.51, 2.27 ± 0.14, 10.74 ± 0, 89, and 47.05 ± 1.25%, respectively. Whereas imported SCC had average of water content was 22.68 ± 2.68%, protein (Nx6.38%) was 1.42 ± 0.11%, total fat was 10.33 ± 0.09% and sugar content as saccharose was 50.5 ± 2.77%. Quality requirements for local and imported SCC suitable for the Indonesian National Standard Concept of sweetened condensed cremer and were not suitable with quality requirements of non dairy sweetened condensed milk concept.

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TEJINDER, S. "FLOW PROPERTIES OF MALT CONCENTRATE-SWEETENED CONDENSED MILK MIXTURES." Journal of Food Process Engineering 23, no. 3 (August 2000): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.2000.tb00513.x.

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FARRAG, SEHAM A., FATHY E. EL-GAZZAR, and ELMER H. MARTH. "Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in Sweetened Condensed and Evaporated Milk During Storage at 7 or 21 °C." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.9.747.

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Sweetened condensed and evaporated milks were inoculated to contain ca. 103 to 107 cells of Listeria monocytogenes (strains Scott A, California, or V7)/ml. Both inoculated products were cooled from 25°C to 21°C in ca. 2 h or to 7°C in ca. 4 h. When inoculated sweetened condensed milk was held at 7°C for 42 d, there was no appreciable decrease in numbers of L. monocytogenes strains Scott A and V7, whereas the population of L. monocytogenes strain California decreased by ca. 1.2 orders of magnitude. Inoculum level had no effect on the magnitude of the decrease. At 21°C, 42 d of storage resulted in a more pronounced decrease in numbers of L. monocytogenes than it did during storage at 7°C, with numbers of the pathogen decreasing by 1.7, 1.6, and 3.4 orders of magnitude for strains Scott A, V7, and California, respectively. All strains of L. monocytogenes not only survived but grew in evaporated milk stored at 7 or 21 °C for 56 or 28 d, respectively.

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Tang, John Yew Huat, Bariah Ibrahim Izenty, Ahmad Juanda Nur’ Izzati, Siti Rahmah Masran, Chew Chieng Yeo, Arshad Roslan, and Che Abdullah Abu Bakar. "Survivability ofVibrio choleraeO1 in Cooked Rice, Coffee, and Tea." International Journal of Food Science 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/581648.

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This study aimed to investigate the survival ofVibrio choleraeO1 in 3 types of preparation for cooked rice,Oryza sativaL., (plain rice, rice with coconut milk, and rice with ginger); coffee,Coffea canephora, (plain coffee, coffee with sugar, and coffee with sweetened condensed milk); and tea,Camellia sinensis, (plain tea, tea with sugar, and tea with sweetened condensed milk) held at room temperature (27°C). The survival ofV. choleraeO1 was determined by spread plate method on TCBS agar. Initial cultures of 8.00 log CFU/mL were inoculated into each food sample. After 6 h incubation, significant growth was only detected in rice with coconut milk (9.67 log CFU/mL;P<0.05). However, all 3 types of rice preparation showed significant growth ofV. choleraeafter 24 h (P<0.05). For coffee and tea preparations,V. choleraesurvived up to 6 h in tea with condensed milk (4.72 log CFU/mL) but not in similar preparation of coffee. This study showed evidence for the survivability ofV. choleraein rice, coffee, and tea. Thus, holding these food and beverages for an extended period of time at room temperature should be avoided.

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Stephani, Rodrigo, and Ítalo Tuler Perrone. "Mass balance applied to the sweetened condensed milk technology: theoretical considerations." Revista do Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes 67, no. 387 (2012): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2238-6416.20120049.

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NODA, Katsuhiko, Mitsuharu ENDO, and Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI. "The effect of calcium on the viscosity of sweetened condensed milk." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI 33, no. 8 (1986): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.33.8_572.

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11

Contreras, R. J., S. King, L. Rives, A. Williams, and T. Wattleton. "Dietary obesity and weight cycling in rats: a model of stress-induced hypertension?" American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): R848—R857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.4.r848.

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The present study was designed to reproduce the mild hypertension seen in dietary obese weight-cycled rats [P. Ernsberger and D. O. Nelson. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 23): R47-R55, 1988] and determine whether this mild hypertension was associated with changes in sodium excretion and pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (ANG II). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed pelleted chow (Pellet group) or chow plus sweetened condensed milk (Milk group) or were exposed to four cycles of a 4-day fast alternated with 2 wk of refeeding of pelleted chow and sweetened condensed milk (Cycled group). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by tail cuff at the onset and last day of each fast and after 3 days of refeeding. During fasting, urine sodium excretion was measured. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate responses to intravenous administration of ANG II (40, 80, and 120 ng/kg), metoprolol (1 mg/kg), and methyl scopolamine (2 mg/kg) were obtained from the femoral artery in awake unrestrained rats. Weight cycling did not lead to mild hypertension or increased bradycardic response to sympathetic blockade with metoprolol. ANG II-elicited pressor responses were similar for Pellet, Milk, and Cycled groups. Sodium excretion did not change with fasting. Mild hypertension developed when obese weight-cycled rats were housed together in groups and not when housed individually. Our preliminary data are consistent with the notion that stress associated with group housing may be a factor in the mild hypertension of obese weight-cycled rats.

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12

Alvarez de Felipe, A. I., Berta Melcón, and Julián Zapico. "Structural changes in sweetened condensed milk during storage: an electron microscopy study." Journal of Dairy Research 58, no. 3 (August 1991): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900029915.

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SummaryThis work aimed to relate changes in rheological behaviour with structural details of different sweetened condensed milk samples as well as to clarify the role of additives in delaying gelation. To study the process of gelation, rheological techniques were applied to fresh and stored condensed milk samples for times and at temperatures known to favour gelation (45 d at 37 °C). Electron microscopy techniques were used to relate the rheological changes with observed structural details. Examination by electron microscopy showed that micellar aggregation and association of casein micelles with fat globules increased during storage. The whey proteins appeared to play an important role in the thickening process.

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Tampubolon, Biatna Dulbert, Utari Ayuningtyas, and Ajun Tri Setyoko. "KESIAPAN PEMBERLAKUAN WAJIB SNI SUSU BUBUK DAN SNI SUSU KENTAL MANIS DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Standardisasi 17, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v17i2.315.

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Abstrak Produk susu bubuk dan susu kental manis merupakan produk turunan susu, yang banyak dikonsumsi khususnya balita. Kementerian Perindustrian berencana memberlakukan wajib SNI 01-2970-2006, Susu bubuk dan SNI 01-2971-1998, Susu kental manis dalam regulasi teknis pada tahun 2013-2014 untuk melindungi masyarakat dari masalah keamanan pangan dan kesehatan. Sedangkan tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kesiapan pemberlakuan wajib SNI susu bubuk dan susu kental manis dari aspek ketersediaan standar, perdagangan produk (ekspor-impor), infrastruktur penilaian kesesuaian dan efisiensi produksi produk. Diperoleh hasil bahwa ketersediaan standar masih kurang, industri pengolahan susu baik susu bubuk dan susu kental manis masih besar ketergantungan terhadap bahan baku susu impor (perdagangan masih negatif) dan infrastruktur masih kurang memadai sehingga efisiensi masih rendah. Program pengembangan standar nasional untuk produk susu perlu ditingkatkan dan dilengkapi untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk olahan susu dengan mengadopsi dari standar internasional atau standar nasional negara lain dan harus mempertimbangkan kondisi dan kebutuhan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pengembangan lembaga penilaian kesesuaian perlu disesuaikan dengan arah kebijakan pemerintah diselaraskan dengan daerah pengembangan sentra susu dan industri dalam menunjang penerapan pemberlakuan wajib SNI susu bubuk dan susu kental manis di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: susu bubuk, susu kental manis, Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Abstract Powder Milk and condensed milk are derivative products, which are widely consume, especially by toddlers. Ministry of industry has plans to impose mandatory SNI 01-2970-2006, Powder Milk and SNI 01-2971-1998, Sweetened condensed milk in Technical Regulations 2013-2014 to protect the public from food safety and health issues. The purpose of this study is to analyze the readiness of implementation of mandatory SNI powder milk and condensed milk from availability of related standards, import-export trade, conformity assessment infrastructure and the efficiency of production. The results obtained indicate that the availability of related standards are deficient, dairy processing industries (for powder milk and sweetened condensed milk) have great dependency on imports of raw milk (negative trading), and the infrastructure is inadequate; as a result the efficiency is low. Development program of national standards for dairy products needs to be improved and equipped to improve the quality of dairy products by adopting international standards or national standards of other countries and should take into consideration the conditions and market needs in Indonesia. Development of conformity assessment bodies need to be adapted to the direction of government policy, is aligned with regional development centers and industrial milk in supporting the implementation of the implementation of mandatory SNI milk powder and SNI sweetened condensed milk in Indonesia. Keywords: milk powder, condensed milk, National Indonesian Standard (SNI).

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Xi-Lin, Xu, Feng Guang-Li, Liu Hong-Wei, Li Xiao-Feng, Zhao Guang-lei, and Xiao Xing-Long. "Isolation, identification and control of osmophilic spoilage yeasts in sweetened condensed milk." African Journal of Microbiology Research 8, no. 10 (March 5, 2014): 1032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2013.6203.

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15

SINGH, T. "Malt Concentrates and their Mixtures with Sweetened Condensed Milk: Moisture Sorption Isotherms." Journal of Food Science 59, no. 5 (September 1994): 1100–1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb08200.x.

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Jouki, Mohammad, Somayeh Jafari, Ali Jouki, and Naimeh Khazaei. "Characterization of functional sweetened condensed milk formulated with flavoring and sugar substitute." Food Science & Nutrition 9, no. 9 (July 21, 2021): 5119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2477.

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Yusnaini, Yusnaini. "Pengaruh konsumsi susu kedelai terhadap amenorhoe sekunder pada remaja putri periode late adolescence di Dayah Insan Qur’ani Aceh Besar." AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal 5, no. 2 (November 13, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/action.v5i2.125.

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Secondary amenorrhea is a menstrual cycle that occurs in women who have menstruated but does not increase menstruation within 3-6 months. The key to the menstrual cycle depends on changes in estrogen levels. Soybeans are the main source of phytoestrogens which play a role in stabilizing estrogen levels in the body, whereas 250 ml of soy milk contains 40 mg of phytoestrogens. The purpose of this study was to determine how to consume soy milk against changes in secondary amenorrhea in young women. This research is a descriptive-analytic conducted cross-sectionally. This type of research is an easy experiment with a non-randomized posttest group design. The research sample is young women who change secondary amenorrhea which is grouped into 2 groups of 17 people each. Data collection was conducted from August 2 to October 19, 2016. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that normal menstruation occurs in secondary amenorrhea adolescents after being given soy milk which is equal to 82.4% while in adolescents who are given sweetened condensed milk only by 29,4%. Statistical tests show the results of p= 0,002. The conclusion, there is a change in secondary amenorrhea between the samples gave soy milk, and those given sweetened condensed milk. Suggestions, it is necessary to provide a daily menu for students so that the menstrual cycle is maintained.

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Mendes, Paula Nunes, Marco Antônio Moreira Furtado, and Ítalo Tuler Perrone. "Sweetened condensed milk production by applying osmosis reverse: a tool for the technology." Revista do Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes 67, no. 388 (2012): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2238-6416.20120067.

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PATEL, A. A., H. GANDHI, SUDHIR SINGH, and G. R. PATIL. "SHELF-LIFE MODELING OF SWEETENED CONDENSED MILK BASED ON KINETICS OF MAILLARD BROWNING." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 20, no. 6 (December 1996): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1996.tb00758.x.

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RENHE, Ísis Rodrigues Toledo, Danielle Braga Chelini PEREIRA, Jaqueline Flaviana Oliveira de SÁ, Marcelo Cerqueira dos SANTOS, Vanessa Aglaê Martins TEODORO, Fernando Antônio Resplande MAGALHÃES, Ítalo Tuler PERRONE, and Paulo Henrique Fonseca da SILVA. "Characterization of physicochemical composition, microbiology, sensory evaluation and microscopical attributes of sweetened condensed milk." Food Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-457x.34416.

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Nilova, Lyudmila P., and Ekaterina V. Kambulova. "EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENTS ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF SWEETENED CONDENSED MILK." Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series Food and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/food190206.

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Wijaya, H., N. I. Wardayanie, R. Widjajanti, and R. F. Silitonga. "Detection of aflatoxin M1 in powdered milk and sweetened condensed milk products in several cities in Java with HPLC-fluorescence method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 102 (January 2018): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/102/1/012028.

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Vanderweele, D. A., R. O. Deems, and R. B. Kanarek. "Insulin modifies flavor aversions and preferences in real- and sham-feeding rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): R823—R828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.4.r823.

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In separate, parallel experiments, rats were allowed to sham or real feed a flavored sweetened condensed-milk solution after a 17.5-h fast. Coinciding with administration of the milk were injections of insulin or vehicle (saline). Insulin had no effect on intake in the real feeding situation, and flavors paired with insulin (0.8, 2.5, or 5.0 U/rat) were avoided, relative to saline-paired flavors. In sham-feeding rats, insulin (0.8 U/rat) significantly reduced the amount of milk consumed, and flavors paired with insulin injection were preferred, relative to saline-paired ones. Insulin produced a relatively larger hypoglycemia during sham feeding than during real feeding. Thus it appears that insulin-paired flavors of milk may be preferred by animals when they are ingested in sham feeding but not in animals real feeding. Perhaps rapid gastric emptying, as would occur with a liquid diet, accompanied by increased insulin levels, leads to malaise and flavor aversion.

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TONUCCI, L. H., and J. H. VON ELBE. "EFFECT OF COOKING TEMPERATURE AND VARIATIONS IN SWEETENED CONDENSED WHOLE MILK ON TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF CARAMEL CONFECTIONS." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 12, no. 2 (June 1988): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1988.tb00072.x.

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Schumacher, Andrea Bordin, Alexandre Hahn Englert, Jordana Boschetti Susin, Ligia Damasceno Ferreira Marczak, and Nilo Sérgio Medeiros Cardozo. "An Automated Measuring Methodology for Crystal Size in Sweetened Condensed Milk Using Digital Image Processing and Analysis." Food Analytical Methods 8, no. 7 (December 30, 2014): 1858–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-0054-x.

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Jafari, Somayeh, Mohammad Jouki, and Mostafa Soltani. "Modification of physicochemical, structural, rheological, and organoleptic properties of sweetened condensed milk by maltodextrin, fructose, and lactose." Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization 15, no. 4 (May 22, 2021): 3800–3810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-00976-w.

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Rawendra, Reynetha D. S., and Vini Octaviani Puspita. "Use of Six Sigma Methods to Reduce Packaging Defect in Sweetened Condensed Milk Sachets: A Case Study in XYZ Milk Industry, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 426 (March 13, 2020): 012174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/426/1/012174.

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BISTANI, DINA ANGELIA, SHANTI LISTYAWATI, and AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN. "Diuretic effect of milk coffee on white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with variation of milk types." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 5, no. 1 (February 13, 2007): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f050102.

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Bistani DA, Listyawati S, Setyawan AD. 2007. Diuretic effect of milk coffee on white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with variation of milk types. Biofarmasi 5: 8-15. Caffeine content in coffee is a mild diuretic which increase glomerule filtration and reduce natrium reabsorbtion in renal tubule. Some people mix milk into the coffee because they do not like the bitter taste from caffeine. Milk contains glucose which can cause osmotic diuretic and increase urine excretion. The aim of this research was to find out the diuretic effects of orally intakes of coffee-milk on white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a variation of milk kind. This research was done in Biology Sub Laboratory, Central Laboratory of MIPA UNS, Surakarta, Central Java. A Completely Randomized Design with five groups and four replications to each group was used in this study. The treatments applied for those groups were: (i) aquadest (group I), (ii) coffee solution (group II), (iii) coffee + sweetened condensed milk solution (group III), (iv) coffee + soymilk solution (group IV), and (v) coffee + skim milk solution (group V). The parameters used for the physical characteristics of urine were volume, colour, clearness, pH value and density. The parameters used for the chemical characteristics were the glucose analysis by Benedict test for qualitative and spectrophotometry for quantitative, and the analysis of NaCl content by Fantus method. The data were analyzed by using the analysis of variance (Anova) and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that a variation of milk kind was not effect on volume, colour, clearness, pH value, density, and glucose content after 4 hours of treatments, but effect on NaCl content after 4 hours of treatments.

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Rasyid, Zakaria, and Ermanto Fahamsyah. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN AKIBAT DUGAAN MANIPULASI IKLAN PELAKU USAHA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v2i2.6921.

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This study aims to find out and analyze consumer protection. Manipulating advertisements carried out by companies based on Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection (case study of sweetened condensed milk). The research method in the discussion of this Thesis is normative research, that is research conducted to study the legal forms against consumers which are suspected of being manipulation of advertisements carried out by business actors based on Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection. Related to the issues discussed in this study concerning legal protection to consumers, the alleged manipulation of advertisements carried out by companies attempts based on Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection.

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Smykov, IT, AI Gnezdilova, YuV Vinogradova, AV Muzykantova, and AK Lyamina. "Cooling curve in production sweetened concentrated milk supplemented with whey: Influence on the size and microstructure of lactose crystals." Food Science and Technology International 25, no. 6 (February 14, 2019): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013219830494.

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The aim of this work was to develop a methodology to calculate the cooling curve for the sweetened condensed milk with added whey powder production and to assess the cooling regime effect on the distribution of lactose crystals’ size and their microstructure. It is proposed to use a two-stage cooling curve. At the first stage, the cooling is carried out at a high speed, and at the second with a speed that varies depending on the rate of lactose crystallization. Electron microscopic studies have confirmed the cooling regime effect on the crystals’ microstructure. The practical use of the developed regime showed that the two-stage cooling regime allows to reduce the size of lactose crystals (P < 0.05) and improve the quality of the finished product.

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Davis, John D., Gerard P. Smith, Bramdeo Singh, and Daniel P. McCann. "Increase in intake with sham feeding experience is concentration dependent." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): R565—R571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.2.r565.

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Most sham feeding studies show that about three sham feeding tests are required for intake to reach maximum. One study, however, using a dilute solution, reported maximum sham intake in the first sham feeding test, suggesting that the progressive rise in sham intake may be concentration dependent. We tested this hypothesis with six groups of rats given five sham feeding tests each with one of six concentrations of sweetened condensed milk (0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 16:1, water-to-milk dilutions). It took three sham tests for intake to reach maximum with the three most concentrated solutions, but only one with the three weakest. Thus the intake of concentrated solutions of milk is limited by two negative feedback signals, one derived from the accumulation of fluid in the gastrointestinal tract, the other from a labile signal that loses its effectiveness with sham feeding experience. In contrast, the intake of weak concentrations is limited only by the nonlabile negative feedback signal because the labile signal is missing.

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Francisquini, Júlia d'A, Leandra NO Neves, Jansen KF Torres, Antônio F. Carvalho, Italo T. Perrone, and Paulo Henrique F. da Silva. "Physico-chemical and compositional analyses and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural concentration as indicators of thermal treatment intensity in experimental dulce de leche." Journal of Dairy Research 85, no. 4 (July 23, 2018): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029918000353.

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This Research Paper addresses the hypothesis that the type of dulce de leche formula affects formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) during production and storage. Milk and sweetened condensed milk are products in which the Maillard reaction (MR) defines important characteristics such as colour and taste. There are few studies on the effects of pH, time, concentration, and sugar type on the formation of HMF or other MR markers in DL. Four formulas (varying in the addition of sodium bicarbonate and the type of sugar) were analysed for moisture, lipid, protein, ash, carbohydrate, water activity (Aw), and soluble solids. We found low variability in physicochemical and compositional attributes, but an elevation of HMF indices throughout the manufacturing. We determined that the addition of glucose and the use of relatively high concentrations of sodium bicarbonate caused these HMF indicator increases. These results inform DL research and production by the dairy industries and the scientific community, and highlight the importance of control in manufacturing.

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Songthai, Maethinee, Taweepol Suesut, and Navaphattra Nunak. "Estimation of the organic film thickness on stainless steel using image intensity." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819203015.

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This research proposes an estimation of thickness of organic film coating on a Stainless Steel surface (SS) and a clear microscope slide using a visible optical method with the image intensity level analysis. Sweetened Condensed Milk (SCM) was used as a representative of the organic film. The uncertainty of inverse calibration equations was evaluated to determine the reliability of this technique. The results showed that the image intensity increased with the increasing of the film thickness in a linear relationship with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.97). Uncertainty of both inverse calibration equations was low and acceptable. It could be concluded that this technique could be used to estimate the thickness of the organic translucent film coating directly on a SS or a clear slide with the limitation of approximately 1.0 mm thickness using the reported linear inverse calibration equations.

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Laksono, Wibowo Setio, Amzul Rifin, and Imam Teguh Saptono. "Freshmilk Supplier Selection Optimization for the Production of Sweetened Condensed Milk and Ready To Drink (Case Study at PT. Frisian Flag Indonesia)." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 03, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.03.1.33-40.

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Muharry, Andy, and Isti Kumalasari. "Social Epidemiology Analysis of Overweight in Toodler at Sukagumiwang Public Health Center Indramayu District." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 14, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v14i2.15279.

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The prevalence of obesity in children has increased from year to year. Patterns and eating behaviors, lack of physical activity and heredity are considered factors causing overweight.The purpose of this study to analyze the social epidemiology of overweight incidence at Sukagumiwang Public Health Center. This research was conducted in 2017 with research subjects being parents of toddlers. The sampling technique is total sampling. This research uses concurrent embedded design. Interviews conducted on parents who have a fat toddler. The questionnaires were distributed to the case and control group of 36 people.The results of research states that socioeconomic status and social capital are not related to the incidence of obesity.Toddlers with obesity have diverse backgrounds.Negative social support and stigma received by toddlers with obesity resulted in psychological impact and less toddler interactions.Toddlers with obesity feel different from other toddlers. Diet by consuming sweetened condensed milk and packaged sweet drinks every day triggers overweight.

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Idayati, Eny, Agrippina Agnes Bele, and Rikka Welhelmina Sir. "Akseptabilitas Es Krim dengan Fortifikasi Mesocarp Lontar (Borassus flabeliffer L.) sebagai Antioksidan dan Serat Pangan Alami." agriTECH 38, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.22951.

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Lontar palm (Borassus flabeliffer L.) fruit is one of the specific tropical fruits from East Nusa Tenggara province (NTT)-Indonesia that is rich in functional compounds such as beta-carotene as an antioxidant and food fiber. However, the utilization of these fruits is still limited due to the streroidal saponins and pholifenol content that makes them taste bitter and less favored by consumers. Therefore, one alternative that can be done is by enriching them into ice cream products. The production of Ice cream cannot go through with high heating processing so that the antioxidants extracted from lontar palm mesocarp can be in a stable condition. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ice cream on the acceptability values of the hedonic test, determining of fiber and beta-carotene content and evaluating antioxidant activities fortification from the lontar's mesocarp. The amount of lontar mesocarp for fortification (F) were 30%, 40% and 50% of the wet weight with the combination of some variation of milk treatment such as full cream milk, sweetened condensed milk, and liquid soy milk. The acceptability of the product was tested using hedonic test against color, aroma, texture, and flavor parameter. Antioxidant activity was performed by determination of the DPPH value (1.1-diphenyl-2picryhydrazil radical-scavenging), dietary fiber using enzymatic-gravimetric methods and UV-Vis spectrophotometers to analyze the content of beta-carotene. The results showed that on the acceptability test, the most preferred samples valued by panelists were the fortification, F1 treatment (30%) with the content of β-carotene of full cream milk was 2212.44 ± 11.82 μg /100 mg, dietary fiber was 8.95 ± 0.05%, and antioxidant activity was 45.54 ± 0.36%.

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Smith, Alwi, and Kristin Sangur. "ORGANOLEPTIC OF FOOD PRODUCTS MADE FROM GUDE BEAN (Cajanus cajan)." EDU SCIENCES JOURNAL 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/edusciencesvol2iss1pp38-48.

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The use of local bean as an alternative food to meet the community's nutritional needs has been widely practised by society. One of the popular local beans in Kisar Island, Southwestern Maluku community, is gude bean. The people of Kisar Island have used gude beans and sweet potatoes to make traditional food, namely kolak (sweet compote), while the young pods are used as fresh vegetables. Gude bean can be used as a functional food such as gude essence, sweetened condensed milk, and soy sauce. The research objective was to determine the organoleptic assessment of food products from gude beans. Three sterile food products using gude beans were made in this research. The organoleptic tests were conducted on the Kisar community. Organoleptic panellists were fifteen (15) people originally from Kisar Island who live in Ambon city. Panellists were selected using a purposive sampling technique because they originally from Kisar Island know the nature of gude beans, like gude beans, have consumed gude beans. Descriptive analysis techniques were used as data analysis. The results showed that gude essence, milk, and soy sauce products had good taste, colour, texture, and aroma and were acceptable for consumption. This organoleptic test showed that the Kisar community could accept the gude bean food products.

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Mustafa, Norashikin, Hazreen Abd Majid, Zoi Toumpakari, Harriet Amy Carroll, Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin, Nabilla Al Sadat, and Laura Johnson. "The Association of Breakfast Frequency and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors among Adolescents in Malaysia." Nutrients 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2019): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11050973.

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Breakfast frequency is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations, possibly via the types of food eaten or the timing of food consumption, but associations in Malaysian adolescents are unknown. While the timing of breakfast is similar, the type of food consumed at breakfast in Malaysia differs from Western diets, which allows novel insight into the mechanisms underlying breakfast–CVD risk associations. We investigated foods eaten for breakfast and associations between breakfast frequency and CVD risk factors in the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team study (MyHeARTs). Breakfast (frequency of any food/drink reported as breakfast in 7-day diet history interviews) and CVD risk factors (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were cross-sectionally associated using linear regression adjusting for potential confounders (n = 795, age 13 years). Twelve percent of adolescents never ate breakfast and 50% ate breakfast daily, containing mean (SD) 400 (±127) kilocalories. Commonly consumed breakfast foods were cereal-based dishes (primarily rice), confectionery (primarily sugar), hot/powdered drinks (primarily Milo), and high-fat milk (primarily sweetened condensed milk). After adjustment, each extra day of breakfast consumption per week was associated with a lower BMI (−0.34 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.02, −0.66), and serum total (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.13) and LDL (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.12) cholesterol concentrations. Eating daily breakfast in Malaysia was associated with slightly lower BMI and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations among adolescents. Longitudinal studies and randomized trials could further establish causality.

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Seftiono, Hermawan. "PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK BUBUR UBI JALAR UNGU (IPOMEA BATATAS) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PRODUK PANGAN DARURAT." Jurnal Bioindustri 3, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v3i1.821.

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Emergency food is food that designed and produced for directly consumed, and supplying humans daily nutritional needs in emergency conditions. Purple sweet potato porridge is an alternative for emergency food product that can directly consumed and also as effort for food diversification because it use purple sweet potato as carbohydrate source. Emergency food must easy to distribute, so one of the method is by using retort pouch as the packaging. The aims of this study is to analyze changes of critical parameters (colour, pH, and microbiological contamination) during storage period and to determine the shelf life of purple sweet potato porridge products. This study shows that the most preferred formulation of purple sweet potato porridge is Formulation F2 with 250 grams of purple sweet potato, 150 grams of sweetened condensed milk, and 500 ml of water. Shelf life of purple sweet potato porridge product based from colour changes parameter is 30 days, however based from microbiological contamination parameters the product didn’t meet national standard of Indonesia (SNI) requirements after two weeks of storage.

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Contreras, R. J. "High NaCl intake of rat dams alters maternal behavior and elevates blood pressure of adult offspring." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): R296—R304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.2.r296.

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The present study investigated whether differences in maternal NaCl intake altered 1) maternal-pup behavior and 2) the development of dietary obesity and blood pressure level of adult Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a palatable high-fat/milk (HF/M) diet. Thirteen dams fed high (3%) NaCl and 12 dams fed basal (0.12%) NaCl were observed on postnatal days 2-21 for differences in the number of times spent 1) nursing, 2) in contact with or licking, sniffing, and carrying pups, and 3) in nest building. The offspring were continued on their respective NaCl diets to 30 days postpartum, and then both NaCl groups were fed an intermediate (1%) NaCl diet thereafter. Beginning at 60 days of age, the offspring from each maternal NaCl condition were fed either Agway R-M-H 1000 pelleted food or a HF/M diet for 14 wk. Dams fed 3% NaCl spent significantly more time licking their pups than did dams fed 0.12% NaCl. The adult offspring of dams fed 3% NaCl had a significantly higher level of systolic blood pressure and consumed more calories of sweetened condensed milk on the HF/M diet than did rats raised on 0.12% NaCl. Dietary-induced obesity did not magnify the increase in systolic blood pressure from high maternal NaCl intake. The present results raise the possibility that increased maternal licking may contribute to the increased blood pressure and solution intake that follows from high maternal NaCl intake.

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Jumiati, Sukma, Candra Irawan, and Ganefi Ganefi. "IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 86 OF LAW NUMBER 13 OF 2003 CONCERNING MANPOWER,OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH TOWARD OPERATOR OF GAS STATION NUMBER 21.381.09 AT RAWA MAKMUR OF BENGKULU CITY." Bengkoelen Justice : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 9, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/j_bengkoelenjust.v9i2.9979.

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Regarding labour protection, therefore the Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower,Article 86 Paragraph (1) Letter a and Paragraph (2) states that:"Every worker/labourer has the right to receive protection on occupational safety and health". Then, the researchers will discuss the implementation of article 86 of law number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, occupational safety and health toward an operator of the gas station number 21.381.09 at RawaMakmurof Bengkulu City. The aim of this research was to know the implementation ofarticle 86 of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower toward the operator of gas station number 21.381.09 atRawaMakmurof Bengkulu City. This research was an empirical study of qualitative research. The data sources used were secondary and primary data sources. In collecting the data, the researcher used interview, observation and documentation. After doing research, it can be concluded the following: Legal Protection at the gas stationare done by using Security Administration Body for Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) and Healthcare Security (BPJS Kesehatan), and conducted directly protection by the company by providing sweetened condensed milk as a neutralizing immune system, protective footwear shoes, and fire extinguishers as firefighters.

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Balasubramanian, Gaiyal Viliy, Khun-Aik Chuah, Ban-Hock Khor, Ayesha Sualeheen, Zu-Wei Yeak, Karuthan Chinna, Kalyana Sundram, and Tilakavati Karupaiah. "Associations of Eating Mode Defined by Dietary Patterns with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Malaysia Lipid Study Population." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072080.

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Cardiometabolic risk is scarcely explored related to dietary patterns (DPs) in Asian populations. Dietary data (n = 562) from the cross-sectional Malaysia Lipid Study were used to derive DPs through principal component analysis. Associations of DPs were examined with metabolic syndrome (MetS), atherogenic, inflammation and insulinemic status. Four DPs with distinctive eating modes were Home meal (HM), Chinese traditional (CT), Plant foods (PF) and Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Within DP tertiles (T3 vs. T1), the significantly lowest risk was associated with CT for hsCRP (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.28, 0.70, p < 0.001) levels. However, SSB was associated with the significantly highest risks for BMI (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.28, 3.17, p = 0.003), waist circumference (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.14, 2.87, p = 0.013), small LDL-C particles (AOR= 1.69, 95% CI 1.02, 2.79, p = 0.043), HOMA2-IR (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.25, 5.57, p = 0.011), hsCRP (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.40, 3.50, p = 0.001), and MetS (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.49, 5.22, p = 0.001). Adherence behaviors to SSBs (T3) included consuming coffee/tea with condensed milk (29%) or plain with sugar (20.7%) and eating out (12 ± 8 times/week, p < 0.001). Overall, the SSB pattern with a highest frequency of eating out was detrimentally associated with cardiometabolic risks.

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Sumonsiri, Nutsuda, Benjaporn Panjun, Supanna Naksuk, Sarisara Boonmawat, Amornrat Mukprasirt, and Pattama Phasuthan. "Effect of Oatmeal as a Fat Replacer on Physical Properties and Sensory Acceptance of Creamy Salad Dressing." E3S Web of Conferences 141 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014102006.

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Overconsumption of fat leads to cardiovascular diseases and other health problems; therefore, consumers prefer diets with high fiber and low fat content for their healthy weight management. Fat replacers can be potentially applied in several foods but they can affect appearance, texture, rheology, and flavor of emulsion products. This research aimed to study the effect of oatmeal as a fat replacer on creamy salad dressing (53.39%(w/w) refined soybean oil, 20.20%(w/w) sweetened condensed milk, 12.99% (w/w) distilled vinegar, 8.08%(w/w) egg yolk, 4.33%(w/w) refined sugar, 0.58%(w/w) iodized salt, and 0.43%(w/w) mustard). The oatmeal was used to partially replace soybean oil in the product at 3.61, 7.22, 10.82, 14.43, 18.04, and 21.65%(w/w). After preparation, fat content, protein content, apparent viscosity, and sensory acceptance of control and fat-reduced samples were evaluated. Fat replacing with oatmeal led to decreasing of fat content but increasing of protein content and apparent viscosity. At 21.65% fat replacement, there was 33.13% fat reduction compared to the control sample. In sensory evaluation by 30 untrained panelists, reduced-fat creamy salad dressing had the same or higher acceptance scores in appearance, color, texture, aftertaste, and overall acceptance. Oatmeal can be an alternative fat replacer in reduced-fat creamy salad dressing.

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Bellinger, L. L., G. Dula, and F. E. Williams. "Ingestive patterns of liver-denervated rats presented with several diets." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 267, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): R44—R52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.1.r44.

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The liver by way of afferent nerves is suggested to be a controller of food intake. In experiment 1, male rats were given a 15% fructose solution during the first 4 h of the dark phase, while chow was available the rest of the time, for 10 days, before total liver denervation (TLD) or sham operation. Postsurgery ingestion patterns (15-min measurements for 4 h) of fructose were similar in the two groups. However, chow intake in the TLD group was slightly attenuated the first 2 days after surgery. In experiment 2, rats were given chow in cups and vegetable oil in bottles for 8 days before TLD or sham operation. After surgery, hourly ingestion of chow and oil did not differ between the groups; however, there was a trend for the TLD group to take more oil in the dark phase on the first-day diet exposure. In experiment 3, rats were fed a high-protein diet for 21 days before TLD or sham operation. With the use of a computer-operated system, postsurgery meal size, meal duration, and frequency patterns were found to be comparable between the groups. In experiment 4, rats were given a diet of sweetened condensed milk mixed with water (3:1 vol/vol) and vitamins for 14 days before hepatic vagal branch transection (HVBX) or sham operation. After surgery the first-day milk intake of both groups was similar up to 3.5 h and then depressed at 4 and 24 h in the HVBX rats, but was again comparable over the next 13 days; body weights were similar throughout the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Stroup, William H., James T. Peeler, and Kent Smith. "Evaluation Of Precision Estimates For Fiber-Dimensional And Electrical Hygrometers For Water Activity Determinations." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 6 (November 1, 1987): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.6.955.

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Abstract The precision of instruments used in 3 collaborative studies conducted within the Food and Drug Administration over a 4-year period (1981, 1982, 1984) for water activity (a„) determinations according to the official AOAC method is evaluated. Calibration responses of the instruments were tested for linearity over the a„ range from 0.75 to 0.97. Average absolute percent difference between predicted and assigned a, values for the linear model ranged from 0.3 to 0.7% for a fiber-dimensional hygrometer (Abbeon) and 3 electrical hygrometers (Beckman, Rotronics, and Weather Measure). The calibration responses for another electrical hygrometer (Hygrodynamics) were nonlinear. The fiber-dimensional hygrometer yielded mean a„ values and precision estimates that did not differ significantly from those obtained with the electrical hygrometers for (NH4)2S04 slush, KN03 slush, sweetened condensed milk, pancake syrup, and cheese spread. However, the mean a„ value for a soy sauce was 0.838 for the electrical hygrometers compared with 0.911 for the fiber-dimensional hygrometer. The fiber-dimensional hygrometer was affected by a volatile components) in the soy sauce that caused an erroneously high a„ value. Pooled estimates of reproducibility (5X) in the 3 studies were 0.008 for the fiber-dimensional hygrometer and 0.010 for the electrical hygrometers; these values were not significantly different from those reported in the study that verified the current official AOAC method.

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Sharpe, Linda. "Reviews : Simply Delicious Desserts With Eagle Brand Sweetened Condensed Milk, from Borden Kitchens. Available from Simply Delicious Desserts, PO Box 9612-D, Clinton, IA 52736. 121 pages. Price: $6.95." Diabetes Educator 17, no. 2 (April 1991): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179101700213.

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Tuzimski, Tomasz, and Szymon Szubartowski. "Method Development for Selected Bisphenols Analysis in Sweetened Condensed Milk from a Can and Breast Milk Samples by HPLC–DAD and HPLC-QqQ-MS: Comparison of Sorbents (Z-SEP, Z-SEP Plus, PSA, C18, Chitin and EMR-Lipid) for Clean-Up of QuEChERS Extract." Molecules 24, no. 11 (June 1, 2019): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112093.

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Background: Identification and quantitative determination of analytes released from the packaging material is undoubtedly a difficult and tricky task, requiring the chemical analyst to develop an individual approach to obtain reliable analytical information. Unfortunately, it is still challenging for scientists to determine bisphenols at trace or even ultra-trace levels in samples characterized by a very complex, and often variable, matrix composition. Objective: Optimization and application of QuEChERS/d-SPE coupled with HPLC-DAD (and LC-QqQ-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols (A, S, F, B, BADGE and derivatives) in milk samples from a can and breast milk samples have been performed. Methods: Concerning the analysis of unconjugated analytes, after the thawing and shaking the sample (5 mL breast milk or 10 mL milk samples from a can), it was transferred into a 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube. For the analysis of the total amount of analytes, prior to the extraction with acetonitrile, a deconjugation step was implemented in a tube by adding to sample, the an Isotopically Labelled Internal Standard (IS) solution (50 ng/mL) and 1 mL of the enzymatic solution with the β-Glucuronidase (3500 U/mL). The mix was homogenized and incubated for 16–18 h at 37 °C. Next, 10 mL of acetonitrile, and a QuEChERS salt packet (4 g anhydrous MgSO4, 1 g NaCl) were added. After shaking and centrifugation, the total acetonitrile layer was isolated in a polypropylene tube evaporate to dryness, and reconstitute in 1.2 mL acetonitrile. During d-SPE step the extract was transferred into a 15 mL polypropylene tube with Z-Sep and primary secondary amine (PSA). Next, shake the tube, store in fridge, and centrifuge for 15 min. The acetonitrile supernatant was obtained with a pipette and evaporated to dryness. Mixture MeOH: water (20:80, v/v) were added to the dry residue and the extract was reconstitute in 200 μL and analyzed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC–QqQ-MS equipment. Conclusion: Six different salts during d-SPE step were evaluated such as: zirconium dioxide-based sorbent (Z-Sep, Z-Sep Plus), primary secondary amine (PSA), octadecyl (C18), EMR-Lipid, Chitin and also their mixtures. Negligible matrix interference was observed for most of the analytes due to application of Z-Sep and PSA in dispersive-solid phase extraction clean-up step. Extraction of target analytes was performed using QuEChERS/d-SPE cleanup, and presents good performance for selected analytes with recoveries in the range of 15–103% and relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 10% in breast milk samples.

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Hume, Catherine, Nancy Sabatier, and John Menzies. "High-Sugar, but Not High-Fat, Food Activates Supraoptic Nucleus Neurons in the Male Rat." Endocrinology 158, no. 7 (April 19, 2017): 2200–2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1640.

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Abstract Oxytocin is a potent anorexigen and is believed to have a role in satiety signaling. We developed rat models to study the activity of oxytocin neurons in response to voluntary consumption or oral gavage of foods using c-Fos immunohistochemistry and in vivo electrophysiology. Using c-Fos expression as an indirect marker of neural activation, we showed that the percentage of magnocellular oxytocin neurons expressing c-Fos increased with voluntary consumption of sweetened condensed milk (SCM). To model the effect of food in the stomach, we gavaged anesthetized rats with SCM. The percentage of supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus magnocellular oxytocin-immunoreactive neurons expressing c-Fos increased with SCM gavage but not with gastric distention. To further examine the activity of the supraoptic nucleus, we made in vivo electrophysiological recordings from SON neurons, where anesthetized rats were gavaged with SCM or single cream. Pharmacologically identified oxytocin neurons responded to SCM gavage with a linear, proportional, and sustained increase in firing rate, but cream gavage resulted in a transient reduction in firing rate. Blood glucose increased after SCM gavage but not cream gavage. Plasma osmolarity and plasma sodium were unchanged throughout. We show that in response to high-sugar, but not high-fat, food in the stomach, there is an increase in the activity of oxytocin neurons. This does not appear to be a consequence of stomach distention or changes in osmotic pressure. Our data suggest that the presence of specific foods with different macronutrient profiles in the stomach differentially regulates the activity of oxytocin neurons.

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Wong, Sok, Kok-Yong Chin, Farihah Suhaimi, Fairus Ahmad, and Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana. "The Effects of a Modified High-carbohydrate High-fat Diet on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Male Rats." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 126, no. 04 (November 8, 2017): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119352.

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AbstractMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. A previous study has established that high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHF) can induce MetS in rats. In this study, we modified components of the diet so that it resembled the diet of Southeast Asians. This study aimed to determine the effects of this modified HCHF diet on metabolic parameters in rats. Male Wistar rats (n=14) were randomised into two groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The MetS group was given the HCHF diet, comprises of fructose, sweetened condensed milk, ghee, Hubble Mendel and Wakeman salt mixture, and powdered rat food. The diet regimen was assigned for a period of 16 weeks. Metabolic syndrome parameters (abdominal circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile) were measured at week 0, 8, 12, and 16 of the study. The measurement of whole body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and percentage of fat) was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at week 0, 8, and 16. Our results indicated that the components of MetS were partially developed after 8 weeks of HCHF diet. Systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fat content, and percentage of fat was significantly higher in the HCHF group compared to normal group (p<0.05). After 12 weeks of HCHF diet, the rats showed significant increases in abdominal circumference, blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia compared to normal control (p<0.05). In conclusion, MetS is successfully established in male rats induced by the modified HCHF diet after 12 weeks.

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Dossat, Amanda M., Ryan Diaz, Lindsay Gallo, Alyssa Panagos, Kristen Kay, and Diana L. Williams. "Nucleus accumbens GLP-1 receptors influence meal size and palatability." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 304, no. 12 (June 15, 2013): E1314—E1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00137.2013.

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Recent evidence suggests that the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) neuronal projection to the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) contributes to food intake control. To investigate the role of endogenous stimulation of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) in NAcC, we examined the effects of the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-(9–39) (Ex9) on meal pattern and microstructure of ingestive behavior in rats. Intra-NAcC Ex9 treatment selectively increased meal size relative to vehicle in rats consuming 0.25 M sucrose solution or sweetened condensed milk. Microstructural analysis revealed effects of NAcC Ex9 on initial lick rate and the size and duration of licking bursts in rats consuming 0.1 or 0.25 M sucrose, suggesting that blockade of NAcC GLP-1R increases palatability. Because NAcC Ex9 did not affect licking for nonnutritive saccharin (0.1%), we suggest that the presence of nutrients in the gut may be required for endogenous stimulation of NAcC GLP-1R. Consistent with this, we also found that the meal size-suppressive effects of intragastric nutrient infusion were attenuated by NAcC delivery of Ex9 at a dose that had no effect when delivered alone. Analysis of licking patterns revealed that NAcC Ex9 did not reverse intragastric nutrient-induced suppression of burst number but rather blunted the effect of nutrient infusion on meal size primarily by increasing the size and duration of licking bursts. Together, our results suggest that NAcC Ex9 influences taste evaluation. We conclude that GLP-1 released in NAcC in response to gastrointestinal nutrients reduces the hedonic value of food.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sweetened condensed milk'

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