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Journal articles on the topic 'Swertia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Khanal, Supreet, N. Shakya, N. Nepal, and D. Pant. "Swertia chirayita: The Himalayan Herb." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2014): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11281.

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Swertia chirayita is a native Himalayan herb typically found in the altitude of 1500 to 3100m. Swertia species are commonly used as primary medicines in fever, digestive and enteric diseases; especially S. chirayita is of principal importance. The pharmacological and ethno-medicinal perspective of the plant is well understood traditionally and pharmaceutically. Its secondary metabolites including glycosides and xanthones show promising bioactivity making it a powerful herb. Mixing of Swertia chirayita with its other species is done routinely in chiretta trade. Extensive wild collection and lack of sustainable conservation has led to the vulnerable status of the wild cultivar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11281 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 389-392

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2

Nampy, Santhosh, Shahina P.M., Haseena T, and Ashwini H.S. "A taxonomic revision of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae) in South India, with one new species and seven lectotypifications." Phytotaxa 195, no. 1 (January 22, 2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.1.2.

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The genus Swertia in South India is revisited based on field and herbarium studies. A brief history of the genus, detailed descriptions, photo plates, nomenclature, distribution and key to the identification of south Indian species are provided. Seven names viz., Swertia beddomei, S. trichotoma, S. affinis, S. lawii, S. minor, Ophelia elegans and O. umbellata are lectotypified. A new species, Swertia raveendrae, endemic to South India is also described here. The new species is similar to S. lawii but differs by its cordate-orbicular leaves, dense paniculate cymes, small (0.3–1 cm long), ovate-elliptic bracts and the calyx not exceeding the corolla in bud.

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3

Li, Jie, Yan-Li Zhao, Heng-Yu Huang, and Yuan-Zhong Wang. "Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Swertia (Gentianaceae): A Review." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 45, no. 04 (January 2017): 667–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x17500380.

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Swertia plants have been considered to be medicinal plants useful for the treatment of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This is due to the broad variety of chemical compounds that provide multiple ligands for bonding to different endogenous biomacromolecules for patients. Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Swertia plants are summarized in this paper. Approximately 419 metabolites and 40 bioactive compounds have been reported from 30 Swertia species, including xanthones, flavonoids, seco-iridiods, iridiods, triterpenoids, alkaloids, volatiles, and other secondary metabolites. The bioactivities of Swertia plants include anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, gut, and airways modulatory, metabolizing isozymes inhibitory, neuroprotective, HIV-I reverse transcriptases inhibitory, anticholinergic, and CNS-depressant activities, etc. In addition, biosynthetic pathways of xanthones, and seco-iridiods, two most important secondary metabolites for Swertia, are elucidated. The xanthones biosynthetic pathway is a mixed biosynthetic pathway involved the shikimate and the malonate routes, and the seco-iridoid pathway starts with geraniol derived from IPP which is produced either via the MEP or the MVA pathway. This review will offer a reference for future researches on the protection of natural resources, the investigation of therapeutic basis, new drug development, and so forth. Metabolic pathways of some crucial active compounds were also discussed in this review.

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4

CHEN, BING-HUA, JIU-LI WANG, and SHI-LONG CHEN. "Swertia subuniflora (Gentianaceae), a new species from Fujian, China." Phytotaxa 280, no. 1 (October 14, 2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.280.1.3.

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Swertia subuniflora is described from Fujian Province, China. Morphological and molecular evidences indicate its close relationship with S. franchetiana, S. mussotii and S. punicea, three species from Swertia series Japonica (further grouped in section Swertopsis, subgenus Ophelia). The new species can be recognized by its solitary flowers and ovate-cordate stem leaves.

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5

Menković, Nebojša, Katarina Šavikin-Fodulović, Vanja Bulatović, Ivana Aljančić, Nenad Juranić, Slobodan Macura, Vlatka Vajs, and Slobodan Milosavljević. "Xanthones from Swertia punctata." Phytochemistry 61, no. 4 (October 2002): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00231-5.

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6

Fukamiya, Narihiko, Masayoshi Okano, Katsuhiko Kondo, and Kiyoshi Tagahara. "Xanthones from Swertia punicea." Journal of Natural Products 53, no. 6 (November 1990): 1543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50072a022.

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7

Bhan, Satesh, Rajive Kumar, Ashok K. Kalla, and K. L. Dhar. "Triterpenoids from Swertia petiolata." Phytochemistry 27, no. 2 (January 1988): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83137-6.

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8

Rijal, Dilli Prasad. "Taxonomic study of some medicinally important species of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae) in Nepal." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 6 (March 15, 2010): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v6i0.2906.

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Among 100 species of Swertia reported from the world, Nepal harbors 30 species along with four varieties. In Nepal, species of Swertia are highly exploited as raw materials for different traditional medicines. Among them, S. chirayita, a vulnerable species, has been considered to be superior in medicine and trade. One of the main issues in its trade is adulteration with other species which are considered to be inferior in medicinal quality. Species which are mixed with S. chirayita are S. angustifolia, S. ciliata, S. dilatata, S. paniculata, S. racemosa, etc. There is a need for the selection of most important morphological characteristics for instant identification of different species of Swertia to check illegal trade as well as adulteration. This paper aims to provide the most important identifying characters of eight species of Swertia traded from Nepal on the basis of their morphological studies. Color of the petal, number of floral parts (tetramerous vs. pentamerous) and number of glands in petal are the key characters for the identification of the species. Key-words: adulteration; medicinal plant; morphological characters.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2906 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 18-24

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9

Aleem, Abdul, and Hifzul Kabir. "REVIEW ON SWERTIA CHIRATA AS TRADITIONAL USES TO ITS PYHTOCHEMISTRY AND PHRMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 15, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1957.

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Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae), is a popular medicinal plant native to temperate Himalaya. The plant of Swertia chirata is found at an altitude of 1200-1300m, from Bhutan to Kashmir and in the Khasi hills at 1200-1500m. It also can be grown in sub-temperate territories between 1500-2100m altitudes. Chirata has an erect and about 2-3 ft long stem. Herbal medicinal plants are necessary for about for about 80% of the world population in developed and developing countries for their basic and primary health care required owing to better tolerability, superior empathy with human body and having lesser side effects. Herbal plants are considered as rich source of phytochemical ingredients. The main chemical ingredients are Swertiamarin, Amarogentin, Swechirin, Mangiferin, Sweroside, Gentianine, Amaroswerin, Oleanolic acid, Swertanoone, Ursolic acid. Phytochemical analysis divulges alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, triterpenoids, saponins, xanthones and ascorbic acid in all samples. Nepali S. chirata was found to have finest TLC (thin layer chromatography). People have been using traditional medicinal plants for thousand years ago. Traditional plants play a very important role in preventing and treating of human diseases. Medicinal usage of Swertia chirata is reported in Indian pharmaceutical codex, the American and the British pharmacopoeias and in the different traditional systems of medicine (Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha). Swertia chirata is commonly known as a bitter tonic in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of fever, loss of appetite, digestive disorders, diabetes, skin and various other diseases. Keywords: Swertia chirata, swerchirin, Anti-inflammatory, Oleanolic acid, Traditional medicine.

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10

Patel, Kanika, Vikas Kumar, Amita Verma, Mahfoozur Rahman, and Dinesh K. Patel. "Amarogentin as Topical Anticancer and Anti-Infective Potential: Scope of Lipid Based Vesicular in its Effective Delivery." Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery 14, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891x13666180913154355.

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There is a need for the development of liposomes based nanomedicines formulation for better efficacy and safety of the available drugs in the market. Liposomes have various applications in the field of pharmaceutical and medical field for their drug target potential, diagnostic importance and imaging techniques. Natural plant based drugs and their derivatives have been used in the medicine, nutraceuticals, perfumery, cosmetic and beverages industry. More than half of the prescribed drugs in the worldwide are mainly derived from different natural sources. Development of plant derived product is an emerging field of food, pharmaceutical and health industries. Plants belonging to the Gentianaecae family are well known for their bitter taste and Swertia chirata is one of best plants among them. Various active phytochemical of Swertia chirata are bitter secoiridoids like gentiopicroside, amarogentin, swertiamarin, isovitexin and isogentisin. People use different species of Swertia in the form of decoction, infusion, paste and juice for the treatment of fever and enteric diseases. Swertia chirata possesses anticarcinogenic, antioxidative, hypoglycemic, antihepatotoxic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Amarogentin, a bitter secoiridoid glycoside present in Swertia chirata plant is an activator of human bitter taste receptor. Pharmacologically, amarogentin has antibacterial, antihepatitis, anticholinergic and chemopreventive activities, moreover, amarogentin has been proven for their anti-lieshmanial activity. Other studies also suggested that amarogentin acts on liver carcinogenesis, skin carcinogenesis and reduced tumour progression. In the present review, we have collected and compiled the data regarding biological sources, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, anticancer and anti-infective potential of amarogentin. For better understanding of various aspects of amarogentin, we have also discussed Swertia chirayita in a very concise manner. Further data related to various patents on amarogentin have also been discussed in this manuscript. However, we also admit that new advance biological research will also increase the medicinal and pharmacological value of amarogentin. Information regarding the chemistry of amarogentin, its biological sources, bioavailability as a pharmacological agent for the treatment and management of skin disorders and various forms of cancers will be beneficial to the scientists in the medicinal field.

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11

Atta-ur-Rahman, A. Pervin, M. Feroz, M. Iqbal Choudhary, M. M. Qureshi, S. Perveen, I. Mir, and M. I. Khan. "Phytochemical Studies on Swertia cordata." Journal of Natural Products 57, no. 1 (January 1994): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50103a019.

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12

Dong, Miao, Dan Liu, Hongmei Li, Shili Yan, Rongtao Li, and Xuanqin Chen. "Chemical Compounds from Swertia bimaculata." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 54, no. 5 (September 2018): 964–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-018-2523-8.

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13

Zhou, Hui-Min, Yong-Long Liu, Gábor Blaskó, and Geoffrey A. Cordell. "Swertiabisxanthone-I from Swertia macrosperma." Phytochemistry 28, no. 12 (January 1989): 3569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80400-5.

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14

Chakravarty, Ajit Kumar, Sibabrata Mukhopadhyay, and Binayak Das. "Swertane triterpenoids from Swertia chirata." Phytochemistry 30, no. 12 (January 1991): 4087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83473-x.

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15

Asthana, Rakesh K., Narendra K. Sharma, Dinesh K. Kulshreshtha, and Sunil K. Chatterjee. "A xanthone from Swertia chirayita." Phytochemistry 30, no. 3 (January 1991): 1037–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85308-m.

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16

Wang, Hong-Ling, Kang He, Chang-An Geng, Xue-Mei Zhang, Yun-Bao Ma, Jie Luo, and Ji-Jun Chen. "Gentiocrucines A–E, Five Unusual Lactonic Enamino Ketones from Swertia macrosperma and Swertia angustifolia." Planta Medica 78, no. 17 (October 11, 2012): 1867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1315392.

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17

SUKSATHAN, P. "A NEW SPECIES OF SWERTIA (GENTIANACEAE) FROM THAILAND." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 58, no. 3 (October 24, 2001): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428601000749.

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18

Limbu, Dil Kumar, Madan Koirala, and Zhanhuan Shang. "A survey of Himalayan rangeland weeds in Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale area, eastern Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 (January 24, 2013): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7486.

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Eight common rangeland weeds including Anaphalis contorta, Berberis erythroclada, Euphorbia wallichii, Potentilla lineate, Prunella vulgaris, Pteris aspericaulis, Senecio chrysanthemoides and Swertia pedicellata were recorded from the rangelands of Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale area in the present study, among which Senecio chrysanthemoides and Swertia pedicellata were the most obnoxious species responsible for the habitat degradation for wildlife, reduction in biodiversity, curtailment of forage resources and alternation of ecosystem and functions. The main reason for rapid weed invasion was the lack of awareness of the gravity of situation among the stakeholders hindering adoption of effective weed control measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7486 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 24-30 (2012)

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19

Liu, Wen-xing, Qian Tian, Cui Yang, Hai-yan Wu, Shang-xiu Li, and Gan-peng Li. "A New Compound from Swertia cincta." Chinese Herbal Medicines 8, no. 4 (October 2016): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60067-9.

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20

Ahmad, Viqar Uddin, Inayat-ur Rahman, Murad Ali Khana, Muhammad Arfan, and Mohammad Tariq Siddiqui. "A Xanthone Dixylopyranoside from Swertia thomsonii." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0115.

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A xanthone dixylopyranoside has been isolated from Swertia thomsonii C. B. Clarke and its structure established as 1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone 1-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl- (1→4)D-xylopyranoside on the basis of spectral evidence, particularly 2D NMR studies. Three known compounds, 1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone, swertianin (1,7,8-trihydroxy- 3-methoxy-xanthone) and ursolic acid were also isolated from this species.

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21

Zhu, Bao-Kun, Wei Zhe, Yan-Qing Duan, Ming-Feng Wang, Yuan Gao, Guo-Zhu Wei, and Tou-Gen Liao. "Two new xanthones from Swertia angustifolia." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2011.641013.

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22

Wang, Shi-Sheng, Xiu-Wen Han, Qing Xu, Hong-Bin Xiao, Xiu-Mei Liu, Yu-Guang Du, and Xin-Miao Liang. "Note: Xanthone glycosides from Swertia franchetiana." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 7, no. 2 (April 2005): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020310001625111.

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23

Xiao, Huai, Zenai Chen, Guangming Liu, Jinfu Qian, and Yang Lu. "A New Xanthone from Swertia decora." Molecules 5, no. 12 (December 25, 2000): M181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m181.

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24

Bajaj, Sakshi, Vijender Singh, and Mohammed Ali. "New triterpenic compounds from Swertia chirata." Ancient Science of Life 37, no. 1 (2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_5_18.

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25

Brahmachari, Goutam, Sadhan Mondal, Arindam Gangopadhyay, Dilip Gorai, Bodhiswatta Mukhopadhyay, Shamal Saha, and Arun?K Brahmachari. "Swertia (Gentianaceae): Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects." Chemistry & Biodiversity 1, no. 11 (November 2004): 1627–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200490123.

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26

Khetwal, K. S., and R. S. Bisht. "A xanthone glycoside from Swertia speciosa." Phytochemistry 27, no. 6 (January 1988): 1910–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80481-3.

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27

Tan, Pei, Cui-Ying Hou, Yong-Long Liu, Lee-Juian Lin, and Geoffrey A. Cordell. "3-O-Demethylswertipunicoside from Swertia punicea." Phytochemistry 31, no. 12 (December 1992): 4313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80465-q.

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28

Li, Jiaxiang, Yongfu Xu, and Lijuan Zhao. "Swertia hongquanii, a new species of Gentianaceae from Mt. Wuling, southern China." PhytoKeys 132 (September 19, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.132.37009.

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Swertia hongquanii Jia X. Li, a new species of Gentianaceae, is described and illustrated from Mt. Wuling, southern China. It grows on the tops of steep limestone mountains surrounded by cliffs above an altitude of ca. 1400 m. This species resembles Swertia bimaculata, but differs from the latter by the stem leaf blades 2.0–4.5 × 1.0–2.5 cm, ovate to ovate-cordate, base cordate and subamplexicaul, the seeds irregularly polyhedral and the seed coats minutely thorny and reticulate. Based on morphological traits, i.e. the inflorescence structure and the number and structure of the nectaries, the new species may be a member of series Maculatae. A key to the species of series of section MaculataeOphelia is provided.

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29

Chauhan, Bhupendra, Zulphikar Ali, Md Arif Naseer, and Ranjit Singh. "Pharmacological Activity of a Polyherbal Formulation by Haemoglobin Glycosylation Assay." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2472.

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Present study involves the development of a polyherbal formulation by using four different herbs i.e. Chirata (Swertia chiratia), Haldi (Curcuma longa), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Gudmar (Gymnema sylvestre), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Gokharu (Pedalium murex), Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Jammun (Syzygium cumini), relating to antidiabetic activity. Freshly collected and authenticated herbs were characterized by studying its morphological and pharmacognostic character. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of the formulation was determined by in vitro haemoglobin glycosylation assay and H2O2 radical scavenging method respectively. In the above study it was found that ethanolic extract of polyherbal formulation possess promising antidiabetic and antioxidant activity which can be consider for further biological investigation. Keywords: polyherbal formulation, Swertia chiratia, Curcuma longa, Azadirachta indica, Gymnema sylvestre, Withania somnifera, Pedalium murex, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Syzygium cumini

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30

Huang, Fei-yan, Jian-jun Wu, and Gan-peng Li. "A New Secoiridoid Glycoside from Swertia cincta." Chinese Herbal Medicines 6, no. 1 (February 2014): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60011-3.

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31

Ramesh, N., M. B. Viswanathan, A. Saraswathy, K. Balakrishna, P. Brindha, and P. Lakshmanaperumalsamy. "Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies of Swertia corymbosa." Fitoterapia 73, no. 2 (April 2002): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(02)00011-4.

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32

Wang, Haixia, Xiang Yuan, Huiming Huang, Bo Zhang, Changnian Cao, and Hong-Ping Zhao. "Chemical constituents from Swertia mussotii Franch. (Gentianaceae)." Natural Product Research 31, no. 14 (February 21, 2017): 1704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1286480.

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33

Chauhan, Rajendra S., and Prabhu Dutt. "Swertia speciosaWall: A new source of amaroswerin." Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries 7, no. 2 (2015): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2015.00023.4.

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34

Selvam, A. B. D. "Exomorphic and Endomorphic features of Swertia chirayita." Pharmacognosy Journal 3, no. 19 (January 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.19.1.

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35

XUE, CHUN-YING, TING-NONG HO, and DE-ZHU LI. "Embryology of Swertia (Gentianaceae) relative to taxonomy." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 155, no. 3 (November 2007): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00711.x.

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36

Khetwal, Khadga S., Binita Joshi, and R. S. Bisht. "Tri- and tetraoxygenated xanthones from Swertia petiolata." Phytochemistry 29, no. 4 (January 1990): 1265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85439-m.

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37

Tian, Luan Yuan, Jia Chun Chen, Jin Bo Fang, Qun Zhou, Xue Bai, Jian Qiu Zhou, and Xiang Hong Chen. "A new monosaccharide from Swertia punicea Hemsl." Chinese Chemical Letters 20, no. 6 (June 2009): 684–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2009.02.006.

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38

Huang, Li, Chunlin Chen, Qiao Yang, Wenjie Yang, and Quanjun Hu. "The complete chloroplast genome of Swertia cordata." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 3818–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1681310.

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39

Wawrosch, Christoph, Andreas Hugh-Bloch, Kurt Hostettmann, and Brigitte Kopp. "Swertia Chirata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. (Gentianaceae), an Endanaered Himalavan Medicinal Plant: Comparative Study of the Secondary Compound Patterns in Market Drua. In Vitro-Cultivated, and Micropropaaated Field Qrown Samples." Scientia Pharmaceutica 73, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.aut-05-11.

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Samples of the Himalayan medicinal plant Swertia chirata obtained from a local market in Nepal, from a micropropagated field cultivated clone, and from two in vitro-clones were compared by means of HPLC. The substance patterns of methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of the in vivo grown materials showed good conformity while in the samples from tissue culture major compounds were missing. Our findings confirm that the secondary metabolism of in vitro-cultivated plants normally differs from that of plants in their natural environment. Furthermore, the compound pattern of plants produced through micropropagation and subsequently cultivated in the field is comparable to that of plants collected from the wild. As an alternative to the uncontrolled depletion of the natural resources a sustainable use of Swertia chirata could hence be achieved by controlled field culture of micropropagated plants.

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40

Malik, Tabarak, Priyanka Roy, FatimaI Abdulsalam, DK Pandey, Aniruddha Bhattacharjee, and NaveenReddy Eruvaram. "Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potential of two traditional medicinal plants of India: Swertia cordata and Swertia chirayita." Pharmacognosy Research 7, no. 5 (2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.157997.

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41

Sharma, Vikas, Barkha Kamal, Nidhi Srivastava, Anoop Kumar Dobriyal, and Vikash Singh Jadon. "In Vitro Flower Induction from Shoots Regenerated from Cultured Axillary Buds of Endangered Medicinal Herb Swertia chirayita H. Karst." Biotechnology Research International 2014 (February 25, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/264690.

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In vitro flowering and effective micropropagation protocol were studied in Swertia chirayita, an important medicinal plant using axillary bud explants. The Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with benzyl amino purine (BAP) 1.0 mg L-1 and adenine sulfate 70.0 mg L-1 was found optimum for production of multiple shoots. In the present study, incubation of flowering cultures on BAP supplemented medium (during shoot multiplication) was found necessary for flowering (6 weeks). However, concentrations of auxins-like IBA (0–2.0 mg/L) were ineffective to form reproductive buds. Subculture duration, photoperiod, and carbon source type do have influence on the in vitro flowering. The mature purple flowers were observed when the cultures were maintained in the same medium. This is the very first report that describes in vitro flowering system to overcome problems associated with flower growth and development as well as lay foundation for fruit and seed production in vitro in Swertia chirayita.

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42

Li, Ganpeng, Jin Yang, Feiyan Huang, Yongfu Zhou, Wei Liu, and Ping Yi. "Three New Iridoid Compounds from Swertia cincta Burkill." HETEROCYCLES 85, no. 11 (2012): 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-12-12571.

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Gyawali, Rajendra, Keun-Young Ryu, Sung-Lye Shim, Jun-Hyoung Kim, Hye-Young Seo, Kyu-Jae Han, and Kyong-Su Kim. "Essential Oil Constituents of Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham." Preventive Nutrition and Food Science 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2006.11.3.232.

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Wan, Luo-Sheng, Ting-Ting Liu, Xiao-Jun Lin, Qiu-Xia Min, and Jia-Chun Chen. "Two New Chiratane-Type Triterpenoids from Swertia kouitchensis." Molecules 18, no. 7 (July 18, 2013): 8518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules18078518.

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Li, Ganpeng, Lu Gao, Yongfu Zhou, Haiying Yan, Feiyan Huang, and Rongrong Wen. "Two New Xanthone Glucosides from Swertia mussotii Franch." HETEROCYCLES 83, no. 8 (2011): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-11-12257.

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Demizu, Sachio, Yukio Ohshima, Yukio Hiraga, and Kunio Takahashi. "High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of swertia herb." Journal of Chromatography A 360 (January 1986): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91681-9.

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Karan, M., S. Bhatnagar, P. Wangtak, and K. Vasisht. "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMALARIAL STUDIES ON SWERTIA ALATA ROYLE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 675 (February 2005): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.675.20.

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Misra, A., A. K. Shasany, A. K. Shukla, M. P. Darokar, S. C. Singh, V. Sundaresan, J. Singh, et al. "AFLP markers for identification of Swertia species (Gentianaceae)." Genetics and Molecular Research 9, no. 3 (2010): 1535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol9-3gmr785.

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Bhan, Satesh, Rajive Kumar, Ashok K. Kalla, and K. L. Dhar. "Isomeric 2,3-seco-hopene lactones from Swertia petiolata." Phytochemistry 26, no. 12 (January 1987): 3363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)82512-1.

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Li, Jian-Chen, Li Feng, Bao-Hui Sun, Tsuyoshi Ikeda, and Toshihiro Nohara. "Hepatoprotective Activity of the Constituents in Swertia pseudochinensis." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 28, no. 3 (2005): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.534.

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