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Şipal, Meriç Selim, Elif Yalçın, and Aynur Ayşe Karaduman. "Effects of Gyroscope on Arm Swing and Gait in Healthy Volunteers." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2023 (March 15, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6630913.
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Background. Arm swing has a crucial role in gait. It is essential in terms of regulating gait parameters and balance during walking. In the case of bradykinesia, the arms act as a generator to maintain lower extremity movement while walking. The way gyroscopes work makes them useful in arm swings. In this study, the arm swing is facilitated by a new type of gyroscope. As a main purpose, a gyroscope was used to increase arm swing during pendulum exercise and walking. Methods. Thirty healthy volunteers were included in the study. The study covered three situations. The first evaluation was performed without the gyroscope. The second evaluation was performed while the gyroscope was installed but not activated. The final evaluation was made while the gyroscope was installed and powered up. The effect of the gyroscope on the arm swing was evaluated by the Dartfish®, and the gait was evaluated with the Zebris® force distribution measurement analysis system. Results. According to the results, the gyroscope increases the arm swing in the pendulum exercise ( p < 0.05 ). Furthermore, using the gyroscope, the step width decreased, and the gait cycle time increased ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusions. The gyroscope is suitable for facilitating arm swings in healthy volunteers. This study is essential to demonstrate the effect of a gyroscope on extremity movements for the first time. In the future, a medical device that has the features of a gyroscope can be designed for its use in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and Senile Bradykinesia.
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Li, Wei Tat, Pei Xuan Ku, and Noor Zafirah Abu Bakar. "Topology optimization of swing arm for FSAE EV racing cars." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2923, no. 1 (2024): 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2923/1/012007.
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Abstract The swing arm is an important mechanical part that it functions to support the weight of the vehicle and acts as a cushion when the shock absorbers are functioning. The purpose of this research is to investigate the stress and total deformation of swing arm design with different materials as well as evaluate the structural analysis of swing arm after conducting topology optimization. The research also aims to reduce the mass of the swing arm using topology optimization while meeting the minimum safety requirements. Three different swing arm designs would be created using SolidWorks. The designs would be analyzed using the structural analysis feature in the ANSYS Workbench where the parameters of this project such as stress along the swing arm, total deformation and factor of safety for each swing arm design are evaluated and compared. The chosen design would then be analyzed where steel and aluminium are selected as the material for the swing arm using ANSYS. The finalized swing arm would then undergo topology optimization where the reduction of mass of swing arm would occur. The optimized swing arm would be analyzed and the parameters obtained would be evaluated and compared with the unoptimized swing arm. The expected outcomes are the aluminium swing arm would present a lower distribution of stress along the body of swing arm, but higher total deformation compared to the steel swing arm. It is also expected that the distribution of stress and total deformation on swing arm would be higher after conducting topology optimization due to more force acting on the reduced or optimized surface area of the swing arm. Moreover, the factor of safety for optimized swing arm is expected to decrease following the reduction in mass of the swing arm. Hence, the research is focused on the analyzing of difference in data collected for swing arm as well as reducing the mass of the swing arm while meeting the minimum factor of safety.
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Warmerdam, Elke, Robbin Romijnders, Julius Welzel, Clint Hansen, Gerhard Schmidt, and Walter Maetzler. "Quantification of Arm Swing during Walking in Healthy Adults and Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Wearable Sensor-Based Algorithm Development and Validation." Sensors 20, no. 20 (2020): 5963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205963.
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Neurological pathologies can alter the swinging movement of the arms during walking. The quantification of arm swings has therefore a high clinical relevance. This study developed and validated a wearable sensor-based arm swing algorithm for healthy adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwP). Arm swings of 15 healthy adults and 13 PwP were evaluated (i) with wearable sensors on each wrist while walking on a treadmill, and (ii) with reflective markers for optical motion capture fixed on top of the respective sensor for validation purposes. The gyroscope data from the wearable sensors were used to calculate several arm swing parameters, including amplitude and peak angular velocity. Arm swing amplitude and peak angular velocity were extracted with systematic errors ranging from 0.1 to 0.5° and from −0.3 to 0.3°/s, respectively. These extracted parameters were significantly different between healthy adults and PwP as expected based on the literature. An accurate algorithm was developed that can be used in both clinical and daily-living situations. This algorithm provides the basis for the use of wearable sensor-extracted arm swing parameters in healthy adults and patients with movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.
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Mohammad Zakarianto, Kadek Rihendra Dantes, and I. Nyoman Pasek Nugraha. "Analisis Tegangan Statik Pada Rancangan Swing Arm Kendaraan Motor Listrik Ganesha 1.0 Generasi 2 Dengan Menggunakan Software Solidwork 2018." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Undiksha 11, no. 2 (2023): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jptm.v11i2.64010.
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Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis tegangan statik pada rancangan Swing Arm kendaraan Motor Listrik Ganesha 1.0 Generasi 2 dengan menggunakan Software Solidwork 2018 dengan beban pengendara (massa Swing Arm diperhitungkan) dan pembebanan dari pengendari pada Swing Arm standart dan modifikasi. Dengan tujuan mengetahui distribusi tegangan serta daerah kritis yang terjadi pada Swing Arm dengan berbahan pipa ASTM A106. Setelah proses analisis dilakukan, didapatkan tegangan von misses maksimum untuk Swing Arm standar tanpa beban pengendara sebesar 5,411 x 106 N/m2. Untuk Swing Arm modifikasi sebesar 3,216 x 106 N/m2. Untuk Swing Arm standar dengan beban pengendara sebesar 1,365 x 108 N/m2 dan Swing Arm modifikasi sebesar 8,112 x 107 N/m2. Faktor keamanan Swing Arm standar tanpa beban pengendara sebesar 73,9176 dan Swing Arm modifikasi sebesar 124,367. Untuk Swing Arm standar dengan beban pengendara sebesar 2,93094 dan Swing Arm modifikasi sebesar 4,93102. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut didapatkan bahwa setelah dilakukan modifikasi 2 meningkat dengan tanpa beban pengendara sebesar 40,6% lebih kecil dari Swing Arm standart dan dengan beban pengendara sebesar 40,5% lebih kecil dari Swing Arm standar sehingga dapat di simpulkan Swing Arm modifikasi lebih baik dan kuat dibandingkan dengan Swing Arm standar. Kata kunci : Swing Arm, Anasisis Tegangan statik, ASTM A106, Solidworks 2018, Tegangan Von Misses, Faktor Keamanan This research was analysis of static stress in the development of Swing Arm design on Ganesha 1.0 Generation 2 Electric Motor vehicles using Solidwork Software 2018 without the rider (Swing Arm mass in calculation) and with the ride’s load on standartd and modified Swing Arm. The aim was to know the distribution of stresses and critical areas that occour in the Swing Arm with ASTM A106 pipe. After the analysis process was done, the maximum von misses stress for the standard Swing Arm without the rider was 5,411 x 106 and the modified Swing Arm was 3,216 x 106 N/m2. For the standard Swing Arm with ride’sload was 1,365 x 108 N/m2 and the modified Swing Arm was 8,112 x 107. Factor of safety of standard Swing Arm without the rider was 73,9176 and the modified Swing Arm was 124,367. then, for the standard Swing Arm with the ride’swas 2,93094 and the modified Swing Arm was1. 4,93102. from the results of this study it is known that after modification 2 there is an increase without a rider load of 40,6% less than the standard Swing Arm and with a rider load of 40,5% less than the standard swing arm so it can be concluded that the modified Swing Arm is better and stronger than standard rocker arms. Keywords : Swing Arm, An analysis of static stress, ASTM A106, Solidworks 2018, Von Misses Stress, Factor of Safety.
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Ferraris, Claudia, Gianluca Amprimo, Giulia Masi, et al. "Evaluation of Arm Swing Features and Asymmetry during Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using the Azure Kinect Sensor." Sensors 22, no. 16 (2022): 6282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166282.
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Arm swinging is a typical feature of human walking: Continuous and rhythmic movement of the upper limbs is important to ensure postural stability and walking efficiency. However, several factors can interfere with arm swings, making walking more risky and unstable: These include aging, neurological diseases, hemiplegia, and other comorbidities that affect motor control and coordination. Objective assessment of arm swings during walking could play a role in preventing adverse consequences, allowing appropriate treatments and rehabilitation protocols to be activated for recovery and improvement. This paper presents a system for gait analysis based on Microsoft Azure Kinect DK sensor and its body-tracking algorithm: It allows noninvasive full-body tracking, thus enabling simultaneous analysis of different aspects of walking, including arm swing characteristics. Sixteen subjects with Parkinson’s disease and 13 healthy controls were recruited with the aim of evaluating differences in arm swing features and correlating them with traditional gait parameters. Preliminary results show significant differences between the two groups and a strong correlation between the parameters. The study thus highlights the ability of the proposed system to quantify arm swing features, thus offering a simple tool to provide a more comprehensive gait assessment.
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Rossi, Stephen J., Jim McMillan, Mandy Zody, and Thomas Buckley. "The Effect of No Arm Swing and Arm Swing on Drop Jump Performance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, Suppl 1 (2011): 833–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000402322.78973.8b.
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Hidayat, Nailul, Yufrizal A, Hendri Nurdin, Farid Kassimov, and Elnar Kenzhaliyev. "Installation of gussets to reduce stress on the junction between the arm and bridge on the swing arm." Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer 2, no. 2 (2023): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.58712/jerel.v2i2.75.
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The swing arm is one of the main components of a motorcycle that functions as a connection between the rear wheel and the frame. Under loading conditions, the joint area between the arm and the bridge experiences significant stress, leading to fractures in that region. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of installing gussets to reduce the stress that occurs at the joint area between the arm and the bridge in the swing arm of ELGO electric motorcycles. The research was conducted using the static analysis simulation method with Solidworks 2021-2022 Research License software. The loading conditions were simulated based on the actual usage of the electric motorcycle. The simulation results revealed that without the installation of gussets, the joint area between the arm and the bridge in the swing arm experienced stress exceeding the yield strength of the material. This would inevitably lead to the breakage of the swing arm and potentially cause accidents for motorcycle riders. However, after the gussets were installed, the stress at the joint area between the arm and the bridge remained below the yield strength of the material. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the installation of gussets successfully reduced the stress at the joint area between the arm and the bridge in the swing arm. This research outcome can serve as a reference for the design of swing arms for electric motorcycles.
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Quan, Wei Chuang, Mei Fa Huang, Zhi Yue Wang, and Da Wei Zhang. "Modal Analysis for Swing-Arm of LED Die Bonder." Advanced Materials Research 422 (December 2011): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.379.
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Led die bonder used for bond lead frame and chip is one of the key equipment of led production line. The swing-arm is an important component of led die bonder and its dynamic characteristics will directly affect the piece accuracy. At present, the accuracy and efficiency of led die bonder are limited because of the vibration of the swing-arm. In solving this problem, a three-dimensional finite-element model for swing-arm is built to provide analytical frequencies and vibration modes. Then the modal distribution and vibration mode shapes for swing-arm are obtained after analyzing the modal by ansys10.0. Finally the dynamics effects of this structure by modal frequency and vibration mode are analyzed. The modal analysis of structural would provide the reference to dynamics analysis and structural optimization for swing-arm in practical use.
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Mollineda, Ramón A., Daniel Chía, Ruben Fernandez-Beltran, and Javier Ortells. "Arm Swing Asymmetry Measurement from 2D Gait Videos." Electronics 10, no. 21 (2021): 2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212602.
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Arm swing during gait has been positively related to gait stability and gait efficiency, particularly in the presence of neurological disorders that affect locomotion. However, most gait studies have focused on lower extremities, while arm swing usually remains ignored. In addition, these studies are mostly based on costly, highly-specialized vision systems or on wearable devices which, despite their popularity among researchers and specialists, are still relatively uncommon for the general population. This work proposes a way of estimating arm swing asymmetry from a single 2D gait video. First, two silhouette-based representations that separately capture motion data from both arms were built. Second, a measure to quantify arm swing energy from such a representation was introduced, producing two side-dependent motion measurements. Third, an arm swing asymmetry index was obtained. The method was validated on two public datasets, one with 68 healthy subjects walking normally and one with 10 healthy subjects simulating different styles of arm swing asymmetry. The validity of the asymmetry index at capturing different arm swing patterns was assessed by two non-parametric tests: the Mann–Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The so-called physiological asymmetry was observed on the normal gait sequences of both datasets in a statistically similar way. The asymmetry index was able to fairly characterize the different levels of asymmetry simulated in the second set. Results show that it is possible to estimate the arm swing asymmetry from a single 2D gait video, with enough sensitivity to discriminate anomalous patterns from normality. This opens the door to low-cost easy-to-use mobile applications to assist clinicians in monitoring gait condition in primary care (e.g., in the elderly), when more accurate and specialized technologies are often not available.
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Gupta, G. Srinivasa, CH Prithvi, and S. Jayanth Chowdary. "Design and analysis of light weight swing arm using generative design concept." E3S Web of Conferences 552 (2024): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455201019.
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A Swing arm is a mechanical device that connects the rear wheel of the motorcycle to its body, allowing it to pivot vertically. It holds the rear axle firmly while pivoting to absorb bumps and suspension loads induced by acceleration and braking. Swing arm can be single or double-sided and has appeared in a variety of geometries. The original version consists of a pair of parallel pipes holding the rear axle at one end and pivoting at the other. A shock absorber is mounted just before the rear axle and attached to the frame, below the seat rail. The primary concern is to design a lightweight swing arm that can replace conventional motorcycle swing arm design, which consists of tubular sheet metal structure throughout the swing arm neglecting the stress-induced at various positions along the length of the swing arm, i.e. (from pivots to axle blocks). The vehicle selected for this project is Yamaha FZ-S V2. The material chosen for the swing arm are Al 6061, Al 6061 T6, and Al 7075. This project uses an iterative design method called Generative design to design a lightweight swing arm without compromising the mechanical properties and performance of its counterpart. Analysis of the part will be carried forward using static Analysis comprising various load cases and extreme load conditions. The whole design and analysis process is carried forward using Autodesk Fusion 360. This swing arm design involved economic utilization of material as it reflects the in the analysis through induced stresses.
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Schüppel, Denny, and Tjark von Reden. "CFRP Motorcycle Rear Swing Arm." Lightweight Design worldwide 11, no. 6 (2018): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41777-018-0054-4.
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Zhu, Lei, Sheng-Nan Shen, Hui Li, Guo-Qing Zhang, and Fu-Hao Cui. "Simulation of aerodynamic noise and vibration noise in hard disk drives." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 12n13 (2018): 1840050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491840050x.
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Internal flow field characteristics of HDDs are usually influenced by the arm swing during seek operations. This, in turn, can affect aerodynamic noise and airflow-induced noise. In this paper, the dynamic mesh method is used to calculate the flow-induced vibration (FIV) by transient structure analysis and the boundary element method (BEM) is utilized to predict the vibration noise. Two operational states are considered: the arm is fixed and swinging over the disk. Both aerodynamic noise and vibration noise inside drives increase rapidly with increase in disk rotation and arm swing velocities. The largest aerodynamic noise source is always located near the arm and swung with the arm.
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Liu, Zhen Dong, Yan Ting Zhang, Lu Meng Huang, Kang Wang, and Ming Bin Shi. "Rocker Arm Force Analysis of Crown-Block Heave Compensation System Based on ADAMS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 872 (October 2017): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.872.266.
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This paper compares three common installation ways of swing arm and carries out simulation analysis by using Adams software. The research results show that when using intercrossed enwinding wirerope, the swing arm will bear alternating load and the load variation range is huge, load G’ will change obviously and bring great impact on system control precision. When using along enwinding wirerope, the swing arm’s load is slightly bigger than wirerope tension and the load variation range is very small, load G’ will be static and it’s easy to get high control precision. By reducing the length of lower swing arm, increasing the length of upper swing arm and the offset distance, its working condition can be improved when using intercrossed enwinding wirerope.
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Shadmehr, Azadeh, S. Maryam Hejazia, Gholamreza Olyaei, and Saeid Talebian. "Effect of Countermovement and Arm Swing on Vertical Stiffness and Jump Performance." Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences 2, no. 5 (2016): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v2i5.66.
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Objectives To determine the effect of using arm swing and countermovement on vertical stiffness and maximum vertical jump performance. Participants A total of 25 young healthy females were participated in the study. They stood on the force plate and performed two models of squat jump with (SJA) and without arm swing (SJ) and two models of countermovement jump with (CMJA) and without arm swing (CMJ).Main outcome measures Vertical leg stiffness, jump height, flight time, contact time and power were compared in SJ, SJA, CMJ and CMJA.Results In the CMJs, the stiffness and jump height were significantly higher than SJA and SJ. Contact time in jumps with countermovement and/or arm swing was three times lower than SJA and SJ.Conclusion Vertical stiffness and performance parameters can be improved by using countermovement and arm swing during vertical jump and due to enhancement in work output and ground reaction force.
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Mkaouer, Bessem, Hounaida Akkari-Ghazouani, Samiha Amara, Raja Bouguezzi, Monèm Jemni, and Helmi Chaabene. "Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis of Landing during Standing Back Somersault Using Three Technical Arm Swings in Artistic Gymnastics." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 1 (2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8010010.
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The crucial criteria when assessing technical performance in artistic gymnastics is the higher elevation of the gymnast’s body and a stable landing (i.e., stick-landing). The purpose of this study was to compare kinetic and kinematic parameters during the landing phase of standing back somersaults (SBS) following three technical arm-swing performed during the preparatory phase in high-level male gymnasts. The three different arm-swing pertain to three “gymnastics schools”, i.e., Russian, Chinese, and Romanian. Six high-level male gymnasts participated in this study. Three arm-swing with different angles (i.e., SBS270°, SBS180°, and SBS90°) were randomly performed. A 3D kinetic and kinematic analysis was conducted. Results showed significant variation in the landing angle (p = 0.009) across the three arm-swing techniques. The SBS90° arm-swing resulted in the closest angle to the vertical. Additionally, the SBS90° arm-swing technique induced the lowest horizontal and vertical force values upon landing compared to the other arm-swing techniques (SBS270°: p = 0.023 and 0.009, respectively; SBS180°: p = 0.004 and 0.080, respectively). The same was noted for the horizontal velocity (p = 0.021) with the lowest values noted for the SBS90° arm-swing technique. However, the best opening angle was observed during the SBS270° technique, since it presented the best vertical displacement. In conclusion, the SBS with a SBS90° arm-swing seems to favor a better absorption of the ground reaction force upon landing by reducing the intensity of the impact with the ground and by affording a landing angle closer to the vertical in high-level male gymnasts.
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Xiao Luo, Xiao Luo. "Swing arm profilometer: improving the testing accuracy of large mirrors with shorter arms." Chinese Optics Letters 12, s2 (2014): S22202–322207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.s22202.
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Killeen, Tim, Christopher S. Easthope, Linard Filli, et al. "Increasing cognitive load attenuates right arm swing in healthy human walking." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 1 (2017): 160993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160993.
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Human arm swing looks and feels highly automated, yet it is increasingly apparent that higher centres, including the cortex, are involved in many aspects of locomotor control. The addition of a cognitive task increases arm swing asymmetry during walking, but the characteristics and mechanism of this asymmetry are unclear. We hypothesized that this effect is lateralized and a Stroop word-colour naming task—primarily involving left hemisphere structures—would reduce right arm swing only. We recorded gait in 83 healthy subjects aged 18–80 walking normally on a treadmill and while performing a congruent and incongruent Stroop task. The primary measure of arm swing asymmetry—an index based on both three-dimensional wrist trajectories in which positive values indicate proportionally smaller movements on the right—increased significantly under dual-task conditions in those aged 40–59 and further still in the over-60s, driven by reduced right arm flexion. Right arm swing attenuation appears to be the norm in humans performing a locomotor-cognitive dual-task, confirming a prominent role of the brain in locomotor behaviour. Women under 60 are surprisingly resistant to this effect, revealing unexpected gender differences atop the hierarchical chain of locomotor control.
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Weersink, Joyce B., Silvano R. Gefferie, Teus van Laar, Natasha M. Maurits, and Bauke M. de Jong. "Pre-Movement Cortico-Muscular Dynamics Underlying Improved Parkinson Gait Initiation after Instructed Arm Swing." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 10, no. 4 (2020): 1675–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-202112.
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Background: The supplementary motor area (SMA) is implicated in both motor initiation and stereotypic multi-limb movements such as walking with arm swing. Gait in Parkinson’s disease exhibits starting difficulties and reduced arm swing, consistent with reduced SMA activity. Objective: We tested whether enhanced arm swing could improve Parkinson gait initiation and assessed whether increased SMA activity during preparation might facilitate such improvement. Methods: Effects of instructed arm swing on cortical activity, muscle activity and kinematics were assessed by ambulant EEG, EMG, accelerometers and video in 17 Parkinson patients and 19 controls. At baseline, all participants repeatedly started walking after a simple auditory cue. Next, patients started walking at this cue, which now meant starting with enhanced arm swing. EEG changes over the putative SMA and leg motor cortex were assessed by event related spectral perturbation (ERSP) analysis of recordings at Fz and Cz. Results: Over the putative SMA location (Fz), natural PD gait initiation showed enhanced alpha/theta synchronization around the auditory cue, and reduced alpha/beta desynchronization during gait preparation and movement onset, compared to controls. Leg muscle activity in patients was reduced during preparation and movement onset, while the latter was delayed compared to controls. When starting with enhanced arm swing, these group differences virtually disappeared. Conclusion: Instructed arm swing improves Parkinson gait initiation. ERSP normalization around the cue indicates that the attributed information may serve as a semi-internal cue, recruiting an internalized motor program to overcome initiation difficulties.
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Wei, Wei, and Xiao Ying Zhao. "Design of an Intelligent Point-to-Point Swing Arm Controller." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.712.
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The point-to-point swing arm test is very important for large arms which have swing arm movement. Traditional point-to-point swing arm controller is relay control mode. The mode has many shortcomings, such as big volume, high power consumption, low stability, and so on. An intelligent point-to-point swing arm controller, using MCU as the control core, was designed for this reason. It was mainly composed of switch signal detecting module, solenoid valve drive module, USB storage interface module and MCU control module. According to the requirements of test, the controller was able to detect the valid signal of limit switch and control commutation operation of solenoid valve, meanwhile it could record the movement time between one point and another point, the time the arm swayed and the moment information, and these above information would be stored in USB memory. It has some advantages of small size, low power consumption, high stability and flexible functions.
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TEKIN, S., G. YAGCI, S. TOPUZ, and G. DEMIRKIRAN. "Comparison of gait and sagittal plane arm swing between individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and healthy individuals." Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 89, no. 4 (2023): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52628/89.4.11444.
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Arm swing and energy consumption play an important role in the realization of an effective gait. However, research on arm swing and energy consumption during gait in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of gait, arm swing angles in the sagittal plane, energy consumption in individuals with AIS, to compare them with their healthy peers in this regard. 26 diagnosed with AIS and 21 healthy were included in this study. Evaluation measures were based on the Cobb angle, axial trunk rotation, trunk symmetry, sagittal curve measurements, spatiotemporal characteristics of gait with the GAITRite electronic walkway, sagittal plane arm swing with two video-camera recordings, and energy consumption. There were a decrease in right- sided sagittal arm swing, an increase in energy consumption, in left-side step time and right-side double support time in the scoliosis group compared to the control group. The other spatiotemporal characteristics of the gait were similar in both groups. The evaluation of arm swing, energy consumption, and gait of individuals with AIS may contribute to the development of rehabilitation programs by better identifying the deficiencies of individuals with AIS.
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Rincón, Domiciano, Jaime Valderrama, Maria Camila González, et al. "Wristbands Containing Accelerometers for Objective Arm Swing Analysis in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease." Sensors 20, no. 15 (2020): 4339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154339.
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In patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), arm swing changes are common, even in the early stages, and these changes are usually evaluated subjectively by an expert. In this article, hypothesize that arm swing changes can be detected using a low-cost, cloud-based, wearable, sensor system that incorporates triaxial accelerometers. The aim of this work is to develop a low-cost, assistive diagnostic tool for use in quantifying the arm swing kinematics of patients with PD. Ten patients with PD and 11 age-matched, healthy subjects are included in the study. Four feature extraction techniques were applied: (i) Asymmetry estimation based on root mean square (RMS) differences between arm movements; (ii) posterior–anterior phase and cycle regularity through autocorrelation; (iii) tremor energy, established using Fourier transform analysis; and (iv) signal complexity through the fractal dimension by wavelet analysis. The PD group showed significant (p < 0.05) reductions in arm swing RMS values, higher arm swing asymmetry, higher anterior–posterior phase regularities, greater “high energy frequency” signals, and higher complexity in their XZ plane signals. Therefore, the novel, portable system provides a reliable means to support clinical practice in PD assessment.
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Xiong, Ling, Erhui Qi, Xiao Luo, Feng Zhang, Donglin Xue, and Xuejun Zhang. "Stitching swing arm profilometer test for large aperture aspherics." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 11 (2019): 112201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.112201.
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Chindavanig, Vichet. "A Swing Arm Design Dental Surveyor." Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal 39, no. 3 (2016): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.cudj.39.3.4.
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Arellano, Christopher J., and Rodger Kram. "The energetic cost of maintaining lateral balance during human running." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 3 (2012): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00554.2011.
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To quantify the energetic cost of maintaining lateral balance during human running, we provided external lateral stabilization (LS) while running with and without arm swing and measured changes in energetic cost and step width variability (indicator of lateral balance). We hypothesized that external LS would reduce energetic cost and step width variability of running (3.0 m/s), both with and without arm swing. We further hypothesized that the reduction in energetic cost and step width variability would be greater when running without arm swing compared with running with arm swing. We controlled for step width by having subjects run along a single line (zero target step width), which eliminated any interaction effects of step width and arm swing. We implemented a repeated-measures ANOVA with two within-subjects fixed factors (external LS and arm swing) to evaluate main and interaction effects. When provided with external LS (main effect), subjects reduced net metabolic power by 2.0% ( P = 0.032) and step width variability by 12.3% ( P = 0.005). Eliminating arm swing (main effect) increased net metabolic power by 7.6% ( P < 0.001) but did not change step width variability ( P = 0.975). We did not detect a significant interaction effect between external LS and arm swing. Thus, when comparing conditions of running with or without arm swing, external LS resulted in a similar reduction in net metabolic power and step width variability. We infer that the 2% reduction in the net energetic cost of running with external LS reflects the energetic cost of maintaining lateral balance. Furthermore, while eliminating arm swing increased the energetic cost of running overall, arm swing does not appear to assist with lateral balance. Our data suggest that humans use step width adjustments as the primary mechanism to maintain lateral balance during running.
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Zhou, Yuan, Zian Ding, Dong Ding, et al. "Spatial Kinematic Analysis of a Tracked Forest Fire Engine with Fish-Bellied Swing Arm Torsion Bar Suspension." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (2022): 11198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111198.
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To decrease track derailment of tracked fire trucks in forested areas, a fish-bellied swing arm torsion bar suspension system is proposed in this research. Derived from a tracked forest fire engine, this study converts the shaft tube swing arm of the original vehicle to a fish-bellied swing arm, improving the semi-rigid shaft tube suspension to a torsion bar suspension. Static and kinematic simulation analysis of the improved virtual sample vehicle is carried out, and the stress and dynamic characteristics before and after the improvement are analyzed. The simulation force cloud diagram of the improved swing arm and the motion simulation curve of the supporting wheel is obtained. The results show that the design of the fish-bellied swing arm can effectively reduce the bending moment caused by force acting on the swing arm, and that the design of the torsion bar spring suspension can reduce vertical displacement of the supporting wheel by 58.53%, and reduces horizontal displacement by 46.58% under the same impact force. According to the design of the virtual sample to build a prototype vehicle, a comparative test is carried out to determine an optimized virtual sample vehicle. The results show that the trend of the test curve is essentially consistent with that of the simulation curve.
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Leblebici, Gökçe, Cintia Ramari, Feray Güngör, et al. "Arm Swing Movements during Walking as an Early Predictor of Multiple Sclerosis Progression." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156605.
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Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) are at a high risk of falling, with abnormal gait pattern. The upper limbs play an important role in postural control and gait stability. The presence of arm swing changes during walking in pwMS, especially in the early period, may be an indicator of balance problems. The current study aimed to assess arm swing during walking in early MS. A total of 18 pwMS were evaluated in two time points. The first time was after their first (stable) diagnosis (pre-evaluation) and the second time was 3 months after the pre-evaluation. In addition, 10 healthy controls were evaluated once. Arm swing analysis during walking, using video recording, was applied to both groups. Additionally, the MS group performed the Two-Minute Walk Test, Timed Up and Go, and Timed 25-Foot Walk Test. The pwMS showed similar joint angles at both the first and second evaluations. Only the elbow ROM value on the least affected side was lower in pwMS than healthy controls at the second evaluation (p = 0.027). The early MS patients showed altered arm swing pattern. As walking speed and mobility scores did not change over time, the decrease in elbow amplitude over a 3-month period indicates that the arm swing may present a pattern resulting from MS-specific disorders rather than being a compensatory mechanism in walking. From the earliest stages of the disease, variations in arm swing movements during walking may be considered as a disease progression-predictor for MS.
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Teoh, L. M., Hamzah Sakeran, A. F. Salleh, M. S. Salim, Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad, and Mohamad Azlan Mohamed Shapie. "Effect of Arm Swing Direction on Forward and Backward Jump Performance Based on Biomechanical Analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2071, no. 1 (2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2071/1/012018.
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Abstract Previous studies have examined the role of arm swing for various types of jumping technique, but none have been found to study about the gender differences in term of the role of arm swing on forward and backward jump. This study aimed to compare the jumping performance between male and female for forward and backward jump. Seven male and seven female subjects performed four trials of forward and backward jump with (FJA, BJA) and without arm swing (FJ, BJ) respectively. Qualisys Track Manager System, EEGO Sports, Visual3D and MATLAB software was used to record and analyze the performance. According to the result, the triceps brachii muscle is the most active muscle compared to other muscles during jumping. The normalized vGRF showed significant correlation with jump height when jumping forward and backward (p<0.01). The arm swing enhanced the jumping performance by increasing the jump height. Males demonstrated greater vGRF and jump height than females. When jump with arm swing, the left knee flexion angle of males increased whereas females decreased. These findings concluded there is different between males and females during jumping.
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Liu, Lingjun, Zhenxiang Chen, Defeng Zhao, Zhizong Tan, and Yaqian Qi. "Quantifying and analysing the angular momentum in volleyball jump serve during the aerial phase: relationship to arm swing speed." PeerJ 12 (August 28, 2024): e18000. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18000.
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Background In volleyball, the jump serve is a crucial and commonly used serving technique. Nonetheless, the angular momentum developed during the jump serve remains unexplored. The objectives of the current study were to determine the angular momentum manifesting during the airborne phase of the jump serve and to analyse the correlations between the angular momentum variables and arm swing speed. Methods Three-dimensional coordinate data were obtained during the jump serves of 17 professional male volleyball players. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to identify the angular momentum variables linked to the arm swing speed at ball impact (BI). Results The arm swing speed at BI exhibited significant correlations with the peak angular momentum of the attack arm (r = 0.551, p = 0.024), non-attack arm (r = 0.608, p = 0.011), non-attack leg (r = −0.516, p = 0.034), forearm (r = 0.527, p = 0.032), and hand (r = 0.824, p < 0.001). A stepwise regression model (R2 = 0.35, p = 0.043) predicted arm swing speed based on the peak angular momentum of the non-attack leg, forearm, and hand. Conclusions The study results suggest that during the arm-acceleration phase, (1) increasing angular momentum with the non-attack leg helps maintain aerial body balance, thereby enhancing arm swing execution, and (2) controlling the magnitude and timing of the force exerted by the elbow and wrist is crucial for effectively transmitting angular momentum, contributing to an increase in arm swing speed.
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Wang, Chuan Wei, and Hong Wei Ma. "Lightweight Design for Coal Mine Rescue Robot’s Swing Arm Brackets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.657.
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By analyzing the force of the Coal Mine Rescue Robots swing arm brackets, the maximum torques of the Coal Mine Rescue Robots swing arm brackets are calculated, the results are applied into finite element model, the maximum stress of brackets are much smaller than allowable stresses of the materials, so there is a large optimise space. Optimum design of Swing Arm Brackets are carried out by changing materials and dimensions. After simulating analysis, it can be seen that the lightweight design for out-bracket have better effect through cutting out materials rather than changing its materials. The results of this optimization may conserve materials and reduce energy consumption. And it has significant in successfully applying the robot into the coal mine underground after disasters and improving the using time of the batteries.
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Thitiwuthikiat, Piyanuch, Thamonwan Imerbtham, Opor Weeraphan, and Duangduan Siriwittayawan. "Improvement of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index by Arm-Swing Exercise in Older Adults." Songklanagarind Medical Journal 36, no. 1 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31584/smj.2018.36.1.767.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the arm-swing exercise on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), heart rate and blood pressure (BP) in older adults with abnormal CAVI values.Material and Method: Seventeen participants aged 50 or over were asked to do the arm-swing exercise at least 30 minutes a day, at least 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The vascular function parameters, CAVI and ABI, resting heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and after exercising. The comparison of these parameters was performed using statistical analysis.Results: It was shown that the arm-swing exercise could lower both left and right CAVI significantly (left CAVI, pre: 10.0±0.2 vs. post: 9.7±0.2, p-value=0.017 and right CAVI, pre: 10.0±0.2 vs. post: 9.7±0.2, p-value=0.034). Furthermore, the arm-swing exercise also reduced arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure significantly (systolic BP, pre: 141.9±4.3 mmHg vs. post: 130.5±4.8 mmHg, p-value=0.004, diastolic BP, pre: 82.1±1.6 mmHg vs. post: 76.5±1.7 mmHg, p-value=0.003, and pulse pressure, pre: 59.7±3.7 vs. post: 54.0±4.0 mmHg, p-value=0.031). However, the study demonstrated that ABI, resting heart rate and body mass index were not affected by the exercise.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 8 weeks of the arm-swing exercise could lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This simple physical activity could also reduce CAVI values in older adults.
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Kang, Bokku, Gu-Hee Jung, Erica Kholinne, In-ho Jeon, and Jae-Man Kwak. "The elbow is the load-bearing joint during arm swing." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 26, no. 2 (2023): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2023.00101.
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Background: Arm swing plays a role in gait by accommodating forward movement through trunk balance. This study evaluates the biomechanical characteristics of arm swing during gait.Methods: The study performed computational musculoskeletal modeling based on motion tracking in 15 participants without musculoskeletal or gait disorder. A three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking system using three Azure Kinect (Microsoft) modules was used to obtain information in the 3D location of shoulder and elbow joints. Computational modeling using AnyBody Modeling System was performed to calculate the joint moment and range of motion (ROM) during arm swing.Results: The mean ROM of the dominant elbow was 29.7°±10.2° and 14.2°±3.2° in flexion–extension and pronation–supination, respectively. The mean joint moment of the dominant elbow was 56.4±12.7 Nm, 25.6±5.2 Nm, and 19.8±4.6 Nm in flexion–extension, rotation, and abduction–adduction, respectively. Conclusions: The elbow bears the load created by gravity and muscle contracture in dynamic arm swing movement.
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Bachri, Karel Octavianus, Arka Dwinanda Soewono, and Alfi Nabil. "Analisis Kekuatan Purwarupa Swing Arm Untuk Sepeda Motor Listrik: Studi Kasus Pada PT “SC”." Cylinder : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 9, no. 2 (2023): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/cylinder.v9i2.4982.
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In recent years, the automotive industry has been experiencing a significant transition from internal combustion engines that use fossil fuels to electric vehicles. PT “SC” is one of the leading companies engaged in converting and developing electric vehicles in Indonesia. This research aims to conduct a strength analysis of the swing arm prototype developed by PT “SC”. Simulations were performed using SolidWorks software to determine the impact of static loading on the von Mises stress and strain experienced by the swing arm made from SS 400 material. The total load on the swing arm was 1610N based on the electric dynamo's weight and the possible passengers' weight on the electric motorbike. The stress analysis results show that the maximum and minimum Mises stresses are 5.38 x 106 N/m2 and 1.99 x 10-1 N/m2, respectively. This stress produces a maximum displacement value of 4.54 x 10-3 mm. Calculation results from Solidworks found that the safety factor for the swing arm prototype was 43, meaning the design is safe to use.
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Khasanah, Dwi Uswatun, and Maria Ulfah. "Arm Swing Exercise (ASE) Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu Penderita Diabetes." Jurnal Manajemen Asuhan Keperawatan 9, no. 1 (2025): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.33655/mak.v9i1.215.
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Gaya hidup sedenter akibat modernisasi menjadi salah satu sebab meningkatnya prevalensi diabetes setiap tahun. Latihan fisik secara teratur bermanfaat bagi penderita diabetes untuk mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi. Diperlukan latihan fisik yang sederhana, mudah dan nyaman yang dapat mendorong penderita diabetes untuk melakukan latihan fisik secara teratur seperti Arm Swing Exercise. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Arm Swing Exercise terhadap kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes. Penelitian quasi-eksperimen dengan desain one group pre and post test. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien diabetes di Puskesmas Bandung Kota Tegal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 18 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, glukometer untuk pemeriksaan kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu (GDS), dan pedoman pelaksanaan Arm Swing Exercise (ASE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar GDS sebelum intervensi sebesar 301,89 mg/dl dan setelah intervensi sebesar 223,67 mg/dl. Hasil uji Paired sample t test menunjukkan angka yang signifikan antar nilai pre dengan post test dengan nilai p=0,000 (p value < 0,005) yang berarti adanya perbedaan yang bermakna kadar glukosa darah sewaktu sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah ada pengaruh Arm Swing Exercise terhadap kadar glukosa darah sewaktu pasien diabetes di Puskesmas Bandung Kota Tegal
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Lee, Changwon, and Sukyung Park. "Estimation of Unmeasured Golf Swing of Arm Based on the Swing Dynamics." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 19, no. 5 (2018): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-018-0089-9.
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Rodríguez-Millán, Teresa, Clara B. Sanz-Morère, Agnese Cherubini, et al. "Effects of Arm Swing in Lower Limb Muscle Activation and Coordination During Treadmill Walking." Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (2024): 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010192.
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Arm swing is an inherent aspect of human locomotion that enhances lower limb (LL) muscle activation, which may explain its benefits for stroke rehabilitation over fixed-arm approaches. This study analyzed how restricting arm movement affects LL muscle coordination by comparing treadmill walking with arms (WWA) and walking with no arms (WNA) through muscle synergy analysis. Surface electromyography was recorded from eight LL muscles in ten healthy participants. Significant differences were found in muscle activity envelopes at 50% of the gait cycle (GC) for the Gluteus Medius, 0% and 100% GC for the Vastus Lateralis and Semitendinosus, and 25% GC for the Semitendinosus, Gastrocnemius Medialis, and Soleus. The Rectus Femoris and Vastus Lateralis showed higher variability and activation in WNA compared to WWA. Synergy analysis revealed four muscle synergies, with a median global variance of 95%. While spatial components were similar, temporal differences emerged at 0% GC for Synergy 1, 5% and 90% GC for Synergy 2, and 95% GC for Synergy 3 (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that arm swing influences LL muscle activity and coordination during walking. Future studies will aim at understanding the effects of arm swing in stroke rehabilitation, which could help design more effective gait rehabilitation protocols including arm swing.
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Trivedi, Darshan V., Joseph M. Muretta, Anja M. Swenson, Jonathon P. Davis, David D. Thomas, and Christopher M. Yengo. "Direct measurements of the coordination of lever arm swing and the catalytic cycle in myosin V." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 47 (2015): 14593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517566112.
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Myosins use a conserved structural mechanism to convert the energy from ATP hydrolysis into a large swing of the force-generating lever arm. The precise timing of the lever arm movement with respect to the steps in the actomyosin ATPase cycle has not been determined. We have developed a FRET system in myosin V that uses three donor–acceptor pairs to examine the kinetics of lever arm swing during the recovery and power stroke phases of the ATPase cycle. During the recovery stroke the lever arm swing is tightly coupled to priming the active site for ATP hydrolysis. The lever arm swing during the power stroke occurs in two steps, a fast step that occurs before phosphate release and a slow step that occurs before ADP release. Time-resolved FRET demonstrates a 20-Å change in distance between the pre- and postpower stroke states and shows that the lever arm is more dynamic in the postpower stroke state. Our results suggest myosin binding to actin in the ADP.Pi complex triggers a rapid power stroke that gates the release of phosphate, whereas a second slower power stroke may be important for mediating strain sensitivity.
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Yamashita, Daichi, Frederick James Henderson, and Yuko Ishida. "Assessing the Contribution of Arm Swing to Countermovement Jump Height Using Three Different Measurement Methods in Physically Active Men." Biomechanics 5, no. 3 (2025): 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics5030045.
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Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the reliability and validity of three methods to measure jump height during countermovement jumps performed with (CMJAS) and without (CMJNAS) arm swing: (1) an impulse–momentum method with force platforms (FPimp), (2) a flight time method with force platforms (FPtime), and (3) an inertial measurement unit (PUSH Band 2.0; PUSH2). Methods: Eighteen physically active men performed CMJAS and CMJNAS on force platforms while wearing PUSH2 over two days. Besides jump height, we computed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the absolute and relative increases in jump height due to arm swing, compared to CMJNAS. Results: The reliability of intra-session, inter-session, and concurrent measures were good to excellent (intra-session ICC2,1 = 0.957–0.979, inter-session ICC2,1 = 0.806–0.990, concurrent ICC3,1 = 0.940–0.973) for CMJAS and CMJNAS heights, in all three methods. The three methods showed high to very high reliability for both the absolute and relative indices of arm swing contribution (ICC2,1 = 0.649–0.812). FPtime significantly overestimated CMJNAS height relative to FPimp (p < 0.01). The absolute index of arm swing contribution was similar in FPimp and FPtime (p = 0.38) but higher in PUSH2 (p < 0.01), indicating that arm swing amplified overestimation. Conclusions: All three methods demonstrated high reliability for jump height measurements, but FPtime and PUSH2 misestimated jump height depending on jump modalities. Caution is advised when assessing the absolute and relative contribution of arm swing, because errors in CMJNAS and CMJAS height measurements can affect these values and their interpretation.
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Siragy, Tarique, Allen Hill, and Julie Nantel. "Recovery of dynamic stability during slips unaffected by arm swing in people with Parkinson’s Disease." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249303.
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The arm elevation strategy assists in recovering stability during slips in healthy young and elderly individuals. However, in people with Parkinson’s Disease, one of the main motor symptoms affecting the upper limbs is reduced arm swing which intensifies throughout the course of the disease before becoming absent. This holds direct implications for these individuals when encountering slips as the arm elevation strategy is an integral component in the interlimb slip response to restore stability. Arm swing’s effect in recovering from slips in people with Parkinson’s Disease though remains unexamined. Twenty people with Parkinson’s Disease (63.78 ± 8.97 years) walked with restricted and unrestricted arm swing conditions on a dual-belt treadmill where slips were induced on the least and most affected sides. Data were collected on the CAREN Extended System (Motek Medical, Amsterdam, NL). The Margin of Stability, linear and angular trunk velocities, as well as step length, time, and width were calculated. Data were examined during the slipped step and recovery step. The restricted arm swing condition, compared to unrestricted, caused a faster step time during the slipped step. Compared to the most affected leg, the least affected had a wider step width during the slipped step. During the recovery step, the least affected leg had a larger anteroposterior Margin of Stability and longer step time than the most affected. No differences between our arm swing conditions suggests that the normal arm swing in our participants was not more effective at restoring stability after an induced slip compared to when their arm motion was restricted. This may be due to the arm elevation strategy being ineffective in counteracting the slip’s backward destabilization in these individuals. Differences between the legs revealed that our participants were asymmetrically impaired in their slip recovery response.
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Donahue, Paul T., Ayden K. McInnis, Madelyn K. Williams, and Josey White. "Examination of Countermovement Jump Performance Changes in Collegiate Female Volleyball in Fatigued Conditions." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 3 (2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8030137.
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in countermovement vertical jump performance after a single sport-specific training session in a sample of collegiate female volleyball athletes. Eleven NCAA Division I volleyball athletes performed countermovement vertical jumps with and without an arm swing prior to and immediately after a sport-specific training session. Each participant completed two jumps in each condition using a portable force platform. Paired samples t-tests were performed within each jump condition. When using an arm swing, mean braking force was the only variable to display a statistically significant change (p < 0.05). In the no-arm-swing condition, mean propulsive force, propulsive net impulse, jump height and reactive strength index modified all statistically increased (p < 0.05). Time to takeoff was statistically reduced (p < 0.05). Additionally, a single-subject analysis was performed across all eleven participants resulting in general trends seen in the no-arm-swing condition, whereas the arm-swing condition displayed inconsistent findings across participants.
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De Vlieger, Daan, Arne Defour, Lynn Bar-On, et al. "Speed-dependent changes in the arm swing during independent walking in individuals after stroke." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0315332. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315332.
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Background Increasing one’s walking speed is an important goal in post-stroke gait rehabilitation. Insufficient arm swing in people post-stroke might limit their ability to propel the body forward and increase walking speed. Purpose To investigate the speed-dependent changes (and their contributing factors) in the arm swing of persons post-stroke. Material and methods Twenty-five persons post-stroke (53±12.1 years; 40.72±43.0 months post-stroke) walked on a treadmill at comfortable (0.83m/s) and fast (1.01m/s) speed. Shoulder and elbow kinematics were compared between conditions using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis, and discrete parameters using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test or an independent sample t-test. The relations between speed-dependent changes in shoulder and elbow range of motion and clinical and gait parameters were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results The non-paretic arm showed expected speed-dependent kinematic adaptations with increases in active range of motion for shoulder flexion (p<0.001), extension (p<0.05), abduction (p = 0.001), rotation (p = 0.004) and elbow flexion (p<0.001). The paretic arm only showed an increase in shoulder abduction and elbow flexion (both p<0.001). Persons post-stroke with a more impaired arm swing coordination pattern only showed speed-dependent adaptations for elbow flexion (p<0.001) at the paretic side during fast walking. In contrast, persons post-stroke with a normal arm swing coordination pattern presented with increases in active range of motion of the shoulder abduction and elbow flexion (both p<0.001) at the paretic side when walking fast. More upper limb impairment (r = -0.521, p<0.01) and a wider step width (r = 0.534, p<0.01) were related to a larger increase in mean elbow flexion during faster walking. Conclusions Persons post-stroke show different changes in arm swing kinematics at the paretic compared to the non-paretic side when increasing walking speed. The changes are related to the impairment level and stability during walking, indicating that therapeutic interventions aiming to increase walking speed by improving arm swing might need to target these factors.
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Fang, Xin, and Zhongli Jiang. "Three-dimensional thoracic and pelvic kinematics and arm swing maximum velocity in older adults using inertial sensor system." PeerJ 8 (July 7, 2020): e9329. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9329.
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Understanding characteristics of torso motion and arm swing of older adults is important. A comprehensive database of three-dimensional thoracic and pelvic kinematics and arm swing maximum velocity of older adults during overground walking is still lacking. Moreover, the relationships between these variables are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated age and gender effects of three-dimensional thoracic and pelvic ranges of motion and arm swing maximum velocity in 113 healthy old adults (aged 60–89 years) in a 2-min walk test using APDM Movement Monitoring inertial sensor system by two-way ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons between age groups. A paired t-test was used to study the side preference of arm swing maximum velocity. The relationships between variables were investigated via multiple linear regression models. In general, thoracic and pelvic motions showed reduced amplitude with aging. Gait speed, pelvis coronal plane motion and arm swing maximum velocity significantly declined with age. Only the pelvic sagittal plane motion showed a gender main effect. Coronal plane motions of the thorax and pelvis were closely associated, as were sagittal plane motions. Thoracic coronal plane motion was the significant variable influencing pelvic transverse plane motion and vice versa. Gait speed, pelvic coronal and transverse plane motions and thorax sagittal plane motion were significant independent variables that influenced dominant arm maximum velocity. A larger maximum velocity was seen in the left arm. This investigation is valuable for better understanding of gait phenomena and will contribute to identification of gait dysfunction and development of rehabilitation measures.
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Guo, Xinliang, Ronghai Liu, Xiaobin Cai, and Feng Shen. "Research on Swing Prediction of Overhead Line Robot Inspection Arm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2216, no. 1 (2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2216/1/012032.
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Abstract Overhead lines and various fittings on the lines are prone to damage when exposed to the outdoor environment for a long time. Therefore, overhead line inspection work is required. The use of overhead line robots instead of manual inspections can reduce the labor intensity of personnel and protect their personal safety. The current overhead line robots have the problem of low intelligence and less consideration of the robot swinging with the wire. In this regard, the paper focuses on the swing prediction technology for the large-angle swing of the robot platform, and proposes a method based on real-time variance statistics. The large-angle swing prediction model. Finally, a comparative experiment was conducted with the combined model of empirical mode decomposition and support vector regression based on time series forecasting, and real experimental data were used to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and model.
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Biantoro, Yeye. "PERANCANGAN DAN SIMULASI DESAIN SWING ARM SEPEDA MOTOR LISTRIK MODEL VESPA." ALMIKANIKA 3, no. 1 (2021): 25–33. https://doi.org/10.32832/almikanika.v3i1.5754.
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ABSTRAKTingginya penggunaan bahan bakar fosil dan dampaknya pada kerusakan lingkungan, telah mengubah pandangan industri otomotif terhadap bahan bakar terbarukan, yaitu kendaraan berenergi listrik. Salah satu tantangan dalam persaingan antara motor listrik dan motor konvensional adalah pada model atau bentuk dari kendaraan tersebut. Salah satu komponen penting dalam proses retrofit motor konvensional menjadi motor listik adalah Swing Arm dimana Swing Arm ini berfungsi sebagai dudukan motor listrik (model hub), membantu shock absorber belakang dalam meredam getaran, menahan beban pengendara, akselerasi dan pengereman. Jenis kerangka yang digunakan motor listrik ini adalah Model Vespa tipe Super, simulasi menggunakan autodesk fusion 360, Material yang digunakan Alumunium 6061, Beban maksimal yang dapat ditahan kerangka 100 kg. Didapatkan hasil perhitungan dengan beberapa persamaan dapat di ketahui nilai defleksi 0,000372 mm , safety factor 4.02 dari hasil perhitungan di lakukan Simulasi desain awal didapatkan nilai kecil dengan stress 74,19 Mpa, defleksi 2,298 mm dan safety factor 3,707. Melakukan Penambahan penampang di bagian siku belakang sangat berpengaruh pada kekuatan Swing Arm
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Hiruma, Kosuke, and Yasushi Kariyama. "Sex differences regarding the effects of arm swing on ground reaction force and trunk movements between track and field athletes." Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance 2, no. 4 (2023): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55860/xncn8361.
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The purpose of this study was to clarify the sex difference in the effects of arm swing movements of track and field athletes on ground reaction force and trunk movement. Seven male and nine female athletes belonging to a university track and field team were asked to perform arm swings for 10 seconds each under three different conditions (longitudinal, lateral, and original) while in the standing position. Three-dimensional coordinate data for each experimental trial was collected using an automatic optical motion analyser, and ground reaction forces were measured using a force plate. Under the longitudinal condition, the mean acceleration force was greater for males than for females (p < .05), and the operating range of trunk twist angle was significantly greater for females than for males (p < .05). However, under the original condition, there were no significant differences between the sexes in mean acceleration force, but there were significant differences in maximum twist angle and minimum and maximum shoulder abduction angles (p < .05). These results indicate that there are sex differences in trunk movement and ground reaction force depending on the direction of arm swing.
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Zheng, Jiayue, Zhi Cao, Chengcheng Han, Xuelian Wei, Linlin Wang, and Zhiyi Wu. "A Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerator Based on Arm Swing Energy Harvesting." Nanoenergy Advances 3, no. 2 (2023): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv3020007.
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As wearable devices continue to be updated and iterated, there is an increasing demand for energy supplies that are small, portable and capable of working continuously for extended periods of time. Here, a hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (HNG) based on a biomechanical energy harvester is demonstrated. The HNG is designed to be worn on the wrist according to the curve of the wearer’s arm swing. During the swinging of the arm, the magnet covered by the PTFE film will move relative to the curved cavity of the HNG and take on a negative charge by rubbing against the inner wall of the Cu coated cavity, resulting in a change in the potential difference between the two copper electrodes on the inner wall of the curved cavity. The movement of the magnet causes the magnetic flux of the three pairs of coils on both sides of the arc track to change to produce the induced electric potential, which converts the mechanical energy generated by the arm swing into electrical energy. After the rational design, the HNG is integrated into a small size device to achieve the collection of biomechanical energy. Several experiments were conducted to verify the HNG’s usability. Experiments show that the HNG takes 90 s to charge from 0 V to 1.2 V for a 1000 μF capacitor. In addition, the HNG can light up 23 LEDs simultaneously and provide a continuous supply of energy to portable electronic devices, such as temperature sensors and electronic watches after the capacitor has stored the energy. Furthermore, the HNG is experimentally verified by volunteers wearing the HNG to achieve continuous and stable output in all three states of slow swing, fast swing and running swing. This work not only provides a useful reference for human biomechanical energy harvesting, but can also provide a continuous, clean source of energy for wearable devices.
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Sim, Yon Ju, Dong Ryul Lee, Chung Hwi Yi, and Heon Seock Cynn. "Effects of repetitive intensive arm swing indirect gait training on vasti and hamstring muscle activity and gait performance in children with cerebral palsy." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 27, no. 1 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2018.0046.
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Background/aims Both upper and lower limbs interact through neural coupling. Such interconnection leads to rhythmic interlimb coordination, which affects the central pattern generator for the lower limbs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive intensive arm swing indirect gait training on muscle activity and gait parameters in children with cerebral palsy. Methods A total of 9 children with cerebral palsy were recruited for 20 sessions of repetitive intensive arm swing indirect gait training. They were tested before and after completion of this training using surface electromyography, spatiotemporal gait parameters assessments and clinical tests. A paired t-test was used to investigate differences in participants' vasti and hamstring activity, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and clinical test results before and after the training. Results Participants' vasti muscle activity increased significantly after the repetitive intensive arm swing indirect gait training, but there was no significant change in their hamstring muscles. However, spatiotemporal gait parameters and clinical motor function improved significantly. Conclusions Repetitive intensive arm swing indirect gait training may be suitable as an effective exercise in gait training programmes for children with cerebral palsy.
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Meyns, P., F. Massaad, S. M. Bruijn, et al. "Arm swing adaptation during split-belt treadmill walking." Gait & Posture 39 (June 2014): S120—S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.04.166.
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Kuhtz-Buschbeck, J. P., K. Brockmann, R. Gilster, A. Koch, and H. Stolze. "Asymmetry of arm-swing not related to handedness." Gait & Posture 27, no. 3 (2008): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.05.011.
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Zhang, Yubing, Yong Wang, Jiazhen Han, Guang Sun, and Yudong Xie. "Effects of hydrofoil motion parameters and swing arm parameters on power extraction of a flexible hydrofoil in swing arm mode." Ocean Engineering 245 (February 2022): 110543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.110543.
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