Journal articles: 'Swingle family'

1

Liu, Mengyu, Xiaofeng Liu, Junhua Hu, Yang Xue, and Xiaochun Zhao. "Genetic diversity of limonene synthase genes in Rongan kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia)." Functional Plant Biology 47, no. 5 (2020): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp19051.

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D-limonene is the main component of citrus essential oils. In the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway, geranyl diphosphate reacts with monoterpenes to form the prenyl-carbocation intermediate to produce d-limonene. In this study, d-limonene synthase (FcLS) genes were first isolated from Rongan kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle). Sequencing analysis revealed that the open reading frames of 18 FcLS genes contain 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms, which resulted in the variation of FcLS proteins, indicating that the limonene synthase genes are a large family in F. crassifolia. This phenomenon has not been reported in Citrus. The predicted FcLS proteins showed a high amino acid sequence identity with other Citrus limonene synthases and also had the typical structures of limonene synthase protein. FcLS1 was validated to be a functional d-limonene synthase by prokaryotic expression.

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Tomiyama, Kenichi, Kazutoshi Sakurai, Yoshihiro Yaguchi, and Yukihiro Kawakami. "Odor-Active Components of Luo Han Guo (Siraitia grosvenorii)." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 8 (2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100837.

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The volatile components of the dried fruit of Luo Han Guo ( Siraitia grosvenorii Swingle) belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae were analyzed by AROMASCOPE® technique using MonoTrap® DCC18 as an absorbent. A total of 124 volatile components were identified from the headspace aroma solvent extract. The major components were ethanol, butan-l-ol, pentanal, 2-methylbutanal, hexanal, furfural, pent-3-en-2-one, acetic acid, propionic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and so on. Among them, acetic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5 H)-one (sotolon) strongly contributed to the overall aroma of the fruit. Besides, sotolon and 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methylfuran-2(5 H)-one (maple furanone) were responsible for the characteristic molasses-like aroma of the fruit.

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Roberto Chaves Neto, José, Silvanda de Melo Silva, and Luana Ferreira dos Santos. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO E QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DE LIMÃO ‘GALEGO’." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 14, no. 4 (2018): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2018.v14.n4.a244.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and physicochemical characteristics of lemon ‘Galego’(Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) in different maturation stages, from family farms in Matinhas, PB, Brazil. For the physical evaluations were considered, the length and diameter of the fruit; fresh fruit mass and juice yield; already for the physical-chemical evaluations of the pulp of the fruits was submitted to the determinations of the pH; soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); soluble solids /titratable acidity ratio (SS/AT) and ascorbic acid. There was a significant difference between the maturation stages for the variables diameter, fresh mass and juice yield, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid. Lemon fruits presented increase in pulp diameter and yield, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid reduction. pH, soluble solids and SS/AT ratio did not vary with the advancement of maturation. Based on the aspects of quality evaluated, the lemon ‘Galego’from Matinhas, PB, Brazil presents satisfactory quality for the market.

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Ling, Peng, Fred G. Gmitter, Larry W. Duncan, and S. Y. Xiao. "363 INHERITANCE OF CITRUS NEMATODE RESISTANCE AND ITS LINKAGE WITH RAPD MARKERS IN CITRUS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 483a—483. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.483a.

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A family of 63 citrus intergenemic backcross hybrids was used for this study. The parents and hybrids were multiplied by rooted cuttings, with 6 uniform replicates selected per hybrid, and each plant was inoculated with citrus nematodes (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 5 times over 2 mo. The number of nematode female larvae per gram of fine fresh root was determind 2 mo after the last inoculation. The phenotypic variation of the hybrids was continuous and wide-ranged, from 8.0 females· g-1 of root tissue (resistant parent Swingle citrumelo=15.6) to 620.0 females· g-1 of root tissue (susceptible parent LB 6-2=540.5). Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), using RAPD fragments, was conducted with 2 DNA bulks of individuals from the extremes of the phenotypic distribution. Three hundred twenty primers were screened and 5 were found to generate repeatedly single RAPD fragments specific to the resistant bulk. The segregation of resistance-associated fragments among the individuals was examined, and the linkage between these markers and potential nematode resistance loci was estimated.

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Tesic, S., E. N. Pakina, and A. N. Ignatov. "Identification of Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928 in hydroponic culture of lettuce in Russia." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-3-110-115.

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Relevance. Lettuce (Latin: Lactúca satíva) is a species of annual herbaceous plant in the genus Lettuce of the Asteraceae family. As a vegetable crop, it is cultivated everywhere in the world, and its hydroponic cultivation technology has received special development in recent years. One of the common pathogens of lettuce is Pseudomonas cichorii, causing bacterial diseases of several important cultivated plants. In this regard, the study of the occurrence of this pathogen is important.Material and methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Agrobiotechnology of the ATI of RUDN University. The samples were provided by a commercial manufacturer of lettuce grown on a flow-through hydroponic line under conditions of minimal microbial contamination. The study of phytopathogenic bacteria includes a number of stages: isolation of bacteria on semi-selective culture media and obtaining a pure culture of bacteria; setting a test for pathogenicity (virulence); studying the phenotypic properties of bacteria; determining the taxonomic position of the isolated strains by molecular methods. All studies were conducted in accordance with the standard methods of identification of phytopathogenic bacteria.Results. As a result of the work, the distribution of the species Pseudomonas cichorii in the hydroponic culture of lettuce in the Russian Federation was confirmed. Although, according to the EPPO database, P. cichorii was first described in Russia in 1965 by microbiological methods, but isolated bacteria are not available in microbiological collections to confirm this conclusion with appropriate diagnostic methods. Twelve isolates of P. cichoriiwere studied by a biochemical and phytopathological tests, and four isolates (01, 04, 06, and 12) that showed the greatest aggressiveness on host plants and tobacco leaves were identified by DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragment. The obtained DNA fragments showed a high similarity (99-100%) with the sequences of P. cichoriifrom the Genebank. Evaluation of the virulence of the isolated isolates on a number of other cultivated plants, and the uniformity of their biochemical characteristics showed that they represent a group of bacteria specialized in lettuce.

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Licciardello, Concetta, Biagio Torrisi, Maria Allegra, et al. "A Transcriptomic Analysis of Sensitive and Tolerant Citrus Rootstocks under Natural Iron Deficiency Conditions." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 138, no. 6 (2013): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.138.6.487.

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Iron chlorosis is one of the most serious abiotic stresses affecting citrus (Citrus sp.) culture in the Mediterranean Basin. A trial was performed with potted tolerant and sensitive rootstocks that were grown in volcanic and calcareous soils. Microarray analysis allowed for the identification of differentially expressed genes putatively involved in iron (Fe) deficiency. Most of the differentially expressed genes isolated from the root tips were of unknown function; the remaining genes were related to the oxidative stress response (e.g., glutathione peroxidase), hormone metabolism and signaling (e.g., small auxin up RNA family protein genes), biological regulation, protein turnover, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (e.g., aconitase). Additionally, the majority of the Fe stress-related genes expressed in the sensitive Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata) and tolerant Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis × P. trifoliata) rootstocks identified using real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were related to regulation, the oxidative stress response, and hormone metabolism and signaling, thereby confirming the array data. Furthermore, validation of the differentially expressed genes in seven tolerant and sensitive rootstocks grown in a field trial under chlorotic conditions was performed. In general, the gene expression profiles reflect the different responses of rootstocks, possibly as a result of the various genetic mechanisms involved in the response to Fe deficiency. Moreover, the expression of aconitase was analyzed in the roots and juice to evaluate the implication of the different aconitase isoforms (Aco), which are derived from specific cellular compartments, in the different tissues. The involvement of the mitochondrial isoform (Aco2) was directly correlated with the acidity of the juice, whereas the cytosolic one (Aco3), which corresponds to the aconitase isolated during the microarray analysis, was found specifically in the roots.

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Fitzpatrick, Mike. "Swine flu panic." British Journal of General Practice 59, no. 563 (2009): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp09x421094.

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Garibaldi, A., D. Bertetti1, M. Scortichini, and M. L. Gullino. "First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Pseudomonas cichorii on Phlox paniculata in Italy." Plant Disease 89, no. 8 (2005): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0912c.

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Phlox paniculata L. (fall phlox) is a perennial garden species belonging to the Polemoniaceae family. During the spring of 2003 and 2004, leaf spot symptoms were observed on fall phlox plants in some private gardens in the Biella area (northern Italy). Lesions were first observed on leaves at the collar level and later on the entire plant. Lesions started as water-soaked areas, which in few days developed on the upper side of the leaves into irregular, shrunken, reddish brown spots from 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Lesions on the lower surface sometimes had a translucent halo. In many cases, the leaves were completely withered. Disease was particularly severe during the spring and fall and its incidence ranged from 10 to 25%. No fungal structures were observed within the lesions. Small fragments of tissue from affected leaves were macerated in nutrient yeast dextrose broth (NYDA), and dilutions of the resulting suspension were streaked onto NYDA and potato dextrose agar (PDA). Isolations were made from at least 25 leaves. Plates were maintained at 22 ± 1°C for 48 h. No fungi were isolated from the spots on NYDA or PDA. Colonies typical of Pseudomonas species were consistently isolated on NYDA. Isolates were negative for levan, potato soft-rot (pectolytic activity), and arginine dehydrolase while positive for oxidase and hypersensitivity on tobacco leaves. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell protein analysis (1) indicated that the bacterium isolated was similar to Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp NCPPB 943 and 3283 strains. On King's medium B, (2) a typical fluorescent pigment was produced. The pathogen was identified as Pseudomonas cichoriii. Pathogenicity of 10 colonies was tested by growing inoculum in nutrient-broth shake cultures for 48 h, suspending bacterial cultures in water, diluting to 106 CFU/ml, and spraying 10 1-year-old healthy plants of P. paniculata. Ten control plants were sprayed with sterile nutrient broth. Inoculated and control plants were kept covered with plastic bags for 72 h. After 8 days in a growth chamber at 20 ± 1°C, leaf spots identical to those observed in the field developed on leaves of inoculated plants. Control plants remained symptomless. The pathogenicity test was repeated once. Bacteria were reisolated from the spots and identified as P. cichoriii. To our knowledge, this is the first record of bacterial leaf spot of Phlox paniculata in Italy as well as in the world. References: (1) D. H. Bergey et al. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1994. (2) E. O. King et al. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 44:301, 1954.

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Fitzpatrick, Mike. "Swine Flu: Public Health has become a Public Nuisance." British Journal of General Practice 59, no. 565 (2009): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp09x453936.

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van Weel, Chris, and Walter W. Rosser. "Unquoted, unchallenged, general practice research will be casting pearls before swine." Family Practice 22, no. 5 (2005): 471–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmi084.

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Díaz, Carlos, Vladimír Celer, and Ivo Frébort. "The main DNA viruses significantly affecting pig livestock." Journal of Veterinary Research 65, no. 1 (2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0001.

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Abstract Swine DNA viruses have developed unique mechanisms for evasion of the host immune system, infection and DNA replication, and finally, construction and release of new viral particles. This article reviews four classes of DNA viruses affecting swine: porcine circoviruses, African swine fever virus, porcine parvoviruses, and pseudorabies virus. Porcine circoviruses belonging to the Circoviridae family are small single-stranded DNA viruses causing different diseases in swine including poly-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and porcine respiratory disease complex. African swine fever virus, the only member of the Asfivirus genus in the Asfarviridae family, is a large double-stranded DNA virus and for its propensity to cause high mortality, it is currently considered the most dangerous virus in the pig industry. Porcine parvoviruses are small single-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the Parvoviridae family that cause reproductive failure in pregnant gilts. Pseudorabies virus, or suid herpesvirus 1, is a large double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family and Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. Recent findings including general as well as genetic classification, virus structure, clinical syndromes and the host immune system responses and vaccine protection are described for all four swine DNA virus classes.

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Varma, Paula, and Jane K. Murray. "Childhood swine flu vaccination uptake in a Welsh general practice: a prospective study." British Journal of General Practice 61, no. 588 (2011): e392-e396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp11x583164.

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Juckel, G. "First Clinical Signs of the Bipolar Prodrome." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70355-4.

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Temperament and mood swings are promising indicator for the characterization of mood-spectrum vulnerability. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between affective temperament and mood swings in bipolar disorder. We explored these clinical features retrospectively. Patients who met the criteria for Bipolar I disorder were enrolled in the study. Exclusion criteria were partial remittance and a full affective or psychotic episode. Data concerning illness and family history, mood swings (semi-structured interview) and depression (BDI) were obtained. We examined premorbid temperament with TEMPS-A, and with the validated German version TEMPS-M. Patients with and without mood swings were compared with respect to the dominant temperament. Out of 20 bipolar patients, 6 subjects reported mood swings prior to the onset of affective disorder. Subjects with mood swings significantly correlated with a positive family history of affective disorders. Concerning cyclothymic, irritable, and hyperthymic temperament, bipolar affective patients with mood swings had higher scores. No differences were found between males and females. Our findings support the assumption that mood swings, as represented by the cyclothymic temperament, could be prodromes of bipolar disorder. These traits may represent vulnerability markers and could presumably be used to identify individuals at high risk for developing bipolar disorder in order to prevent this illness or to modify its course. A further retrospective study with a larger sample size was started to deepen knowledge about putative prodromal symptoms of bipolar disorder.

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Park, J. H., M. J. Park, S. H. Lee, and H. D. Shin. "First Report of Corynespora Leaf Spot on Ailanthus altissima Caused by Corynespora cassiicola in Korea." Plant Disease 96, no. 4 (2012): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-11-0938.

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Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, known as tree-of-heaven, is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, which is native to both northeast and central China and Taiwan. The trees often have the ability to replace indigenous plants and disrupt native ecosystems (3). In August 2010, a leaf spot disease was observed on young trees in Yangpyeong, Korea. Field observation in 2010 and 2011 showed that infections are common on 1- or 2-year-old trees. Adult trees were rarely infected. Symptoms usually started at the margin of leaves and expanded into irregular, dark brown leaf spots, eventually causing significant premature defoliation. Representative samples were deposited in the herbarium of Korea University (KUS-F25174 and -F25304). Conidiophores of fungi observed microscopically on the leaf spots were erect, brown to dark brown, single or occasionally in clusters, 80 to 550 × 5 to 8 μm, and mostly arose on the abaxial surface of symptomatic leaves. Conidia were borne singly or in short chains of two to four, ranging from cylindrical to broadest at the base and tapering apically, straight to slightly curved, pale olivaceous brown, 3 to 18 pseudoseptate, 70 to 450 × 8 to 22 μm, each with a conspicuous thickened hilum. On potato dextrose agar, single-spore cultures of five isolates were identified as Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics (1,4). A monoconidial isolate was preserved at the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (Accession No. KACC45510). Genomic DNA was extracted with the DNeasy Plant Mini DNA Extraction Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). The complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified with the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced with an ABI Prism 337 automatic DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA). The resulting sequence of 548 bp was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JN974462). The sequence showed >99% similarity (1-bp substitution) with a sequence of C. cassiicola from Ipomoea batatas (GenBank Accession No. FJ852716). To conduct a pathogenicity test, a conidial suspension (~2 × 104 conidia/ml) was prepared by harvesting conidia from 2-week-old cultures of KACC45510 and the suspension sprayed onto the leaves of three healthy seedlings. Three noninoculated seedlings served as control plants. Inoculated and noninoculated plants were kept in humid chambers for 48 h in a glasshouse. After 5 days, typical leaf spot symptoms started to develop on the leaves of all three inoculated plants. C. cassiicola was reisolated from the lesions, confirming Koch's postulates. No symptoms were observed on control plants. C. cassiicola is cosmopolitan with a very wide host range (2). To our knowledge, C. cassiicola has not been reported on A. altissima anywhere in the world. According to field observations in Korea, Corynespora leaf spot was most severe in August and September, especially following a prolonged period of moist weather. C. cassiicola may be a potential biocontrol agent for this highly invasive tree species. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute: Kew, Surrey, England, 1971. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabes/ , October 28, 2011. (3) L. B. Knapp and C. D. Canham. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 127:307, 2000. (4) J. H. Kwon et al. Plant Pathol. J. 17:180, 2001.

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Ko, W. H., I. T. Wang, and P. J. Ann. "Lasiodiplodia theobromae as a Causal Agent of Kumquat Dieback in Taiwan." Plant Disease 88, no. 12 (2004): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.12.1383a.

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Kumquat (Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle) is an important citrus fruit crop of Iland County in northeastern Taiwan. Fruit produced in this area are mainly for making preserves, which is a well-known product in Taiwan. Decline of kumquat was first noticed in 1990. Since 1995, it has become an important problem affecting ≈80% of kumquat orchards. The problem was especially serious after the passage of a typhoon. Some orchards were abandoned due to death of many declining trees. Initial symptoms were yellowing and browning of leaves on some branches of affected trees. Abscission of leaves and fruits occurred, subsequently resulting in the appearance of dieback of affected branches. Disease symptoms could progress to other branches of the same tree, gummosis on the trunk, and eventually death of the tree. Previously, Phytophthora citrophthora (Smith & Smith) Leonian was reported to be a causal organism of kumquat decline (1). Recently, isolations from declining kumquat trees in several orchards failed to recover P. citrophthora and instead we isolated Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (syn. Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.) from tissue taken from the margin of discolored bark and wood on symptomatic branches. The fungus produced grayish black colonies on V8 agar and black ostiolate pycnidia (125 to 650 μm in diameter) with ovoid to elongate conidia (20 to 32 × 12 to 16 μm) on autoclaved whole wheat grains that were placed on V8 agar. Young conidia were hyaline and nonseptate, whereas mature conidia were brown, one septate, and striate. Pathogenicity tests were carried out on healthy kumquat trees located at the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute experimental farm. Three isolates of L. theobromae were cultured on wheat-oat medium. Colonized grains (≈5 g) were held against a wound made by lightly scrapping a branch (5 to 7 mm in diameter) 200 to 250 cm above the ground by wrapping a sheet of clear plastic around the branch (2). Eighteen branches were used for each isolate, and the same number of branches similarly inoculated with sterile grains as a control. Healthy branches inoculated with L. theobromae showed disease symptoms similar to those observed on naturally infected plants. Discoloration of leaves on inoculated branches occurred within 1 week. Subsequently, all the leaves fell and infected branches died. The numbers of inoculated branches killed by the three isolates of L. theobromae tested were 18, 9, and 14 after 1 month. All control branches remained disease free. L. theobromae was reisolated from symptomatic tissues, completing Koch's postulates. The same isolates were used to inoculate trunks of kumquat trees with the method described above. Six trunks were inoculated with each isolate, and the same number of trunks similarly inoculated with sterile grains was used as the control. Gummosis on inoculated trunks occurred in 1 week. The numbers of inoculated trunks showing gummosis induced by the three isolates of L. theobromae tested were 6, 5, and 6 after 1 month. L. theobromae was reisolated from symptomatic tissue. All control trunks remained free of gummosis. Our results show that in addition to P. citrophthora, L. theobromae can also cause a dieback on kumquat. To our knowledge, this is the first report of disease caused by L. theobromae on kumquat or on any species in the Rutaceae family in Taiwan. References: (1) P. J. Ann et al. Plant Pathol. Bull. (Taiwan) 6:198, 1997. (2) W. H. Ko et al. Plant Pathol. 35:254, 1986.

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Quinn, Gary, James Wood, Kristen Suling, et al. "Genotyping of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses from a Family of Miniature Swine." Journal of Virology 78, no. 1 (2004): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.1.314-319.2004.

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ABSTRACT The identification of animals in an inbred miniature swine herd that consistently fail to produce replication- competent humantropic porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) has prompted studies on the biology of PERV in transmitter and nontransmitter animals. We analyzed PERV RNA transcript profiles in a family of inbred miniature swine (SLAd/d haplotype) in which individual members differed in their capacity to generate humantropic and ecotropic (i.e., pigtropic) virus. We identified unique HaeIII and HpaII gag restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles resulting from single nucleotide polymorphisms in blood cells; these were found only in animals that produced humantropic PERV. These HaeIII and HpaII gag RFLP profiles proved to be components of humantropic PERV as they were transmitted to 293 human target cells in vitro. The humantropic HaeIII and HpaII gag RFLP genotypes in the family of study were not present in other miniature swine in the herd that produced humantropic PERV, indicating that these RFLP profiles relate specifically to this family's lineage.

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Fiez, T. S., H. C. Yang, J. J. Yang, C. Yu, and D. J. Allstot. "A family of high-swing CMOS operational amplifiers." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 24, no. 6 (1989): 1683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4.45006.

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Seymour, Lisa M., Linda Falconer, Ania T. Deutscher, et al. "Mhp107 Is a Member of the Multifunctional Adhesin Family of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 12 (2011): 10097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.208140.

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia, an economically significant disease that disrupts the mucociliary escalator in the swine respiratory tract. Expression of Mhp107, a P97 paralog encoded by the gene mhp107, was confirmed using ESI-MS/MS. To investigate the function of Mhp107, three recombinant proteins, F1Mhp107, F2Mhp107, and F3Mhp107, spanning the N-terminal, central, and C-terminal regions of Mhp107 were constructed. Colonization of swine by M. hyopneumoniae requires adherence of the bacterium to ciliated cells of the respiratory tract. Recent studies have identified a number of M. hyopneumoniae adhesins that bind heparin, fibronectin, and plasminogen. F1Mhp107 was found to bind porcine heparin (KD ∼90 nm) in a dose-dependent and saturable manner, whereas F3Mhp107 bound fibronectin (KD ∼180 nm) at physiologically relevant concentrations. F1Mhp107 also bound porcine plasminogen (KD = 24 nm) in a dose-dependent and physiologically relevant manner. Microspheres coated with F3Mhp107 mediate adherence to porcine kidney epithelial-like (PK15) cells, and all three recombinant proteins (F1Mhp107-F3Mhp107) bound swine respiratory cilia. Together, these findings indicate that Mhp107 is a member of the multifunctional M. hyopneumoniae adhesin family of surface proteins and contributes to both adherence to the host and pathogenesis.

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Linter, C. M. "Short-Cycle Manic-Depressive Psychosis in a Mentally Handicapped Child without Family History." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 4 (1987): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.4.554.

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Diagnosis of classic psychiatric illness in mentally handicapped individuals remains difficult. Manic-depressive illness has previously been reported in both pre-pubertal and pubertal children with a mental handicap and with a family history. This paper reports a case of manic-depressive psychosis in childhood, with no family history, short-cycle mood swings and good response to lithium therapy.

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Jiménez, Janet, Susanne Theuerl, Ingo Bergmann, Michael Klocke, Gilda Guerra, and Osvaldo Romero-Romero. "Prokaryote community dynamics in anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure, rice straw and industrial clay residuals." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 4 (2016): 824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.170.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the addition of rice straw and clay residuals on the prokaryote methane-producing community structure in a semi-continuously stirred tank reactor fed with swine manure. Molecular techniques, including terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and a comparative nucleotide sequence analyses of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes, were performed. The results showed a positive effect of clay addition on methane yield during the co-digestion of swine manure and rice straw. At the digestion of swine manure, the bacterial phylum Firmicutes and the archaeal family Methanosarcinaceae, particularly Methanosarcina species, were predominant. During the co-digestion of swine manure and rice straw the microbial community changed, and with the addition of clay residual, the phylum Bacteroidetes predominated. The new nutritional conditions resulted in a shift in the archaeal family Methanosarcinaceae community as acetoclastic Methanosaeta species became dominant.

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Almendral, J. M., F. Almazán, R. Blasco, and E. Viñuela. "Multigene families in African swine fever virus: family 110." Journal of Virology 64, no. 5 (1990): 2064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.64.5.2064-2072.1990.

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González, A., V. Calvo, F. Almazán, et al. "Multigene families in African swine fever virus: family 360." Journal of Virology 64, no. 5 (1990): 2073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.64.5.2073-2081.1990.

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Rodriguez, J. M., R. J. Yañez, R. Pan, J. F. Rodriguez, M. L. Salas, and E. Viñuela. "Multigene families in African swine fever virus: family 505." Journal of Virology 68, no. 4 (1994): 2746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.4.2746-2751.1994.

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Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle. "Special Issue: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Related Pestiviruses." Viruses 12, no. 10 (2020): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101181.

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The genus Pestivirus, encompassing small positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae, comprises four viruses of very significant economic impact to the cattle, swine and sheep industries worldwide: bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) type 1 and type 2, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and border disease virus (BDV) [...]

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Nisavic, Jakov, Andrea Zoric, and Nenad Milic. "The application of molecular methods in the diagnostics of infection of swine caused by Porcine circovirus 2." Veterinarski glasnik 70, no. 5-6 (2016): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1606249n.

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Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) belongs to the family Circoviridae, genus Circovirus. Infection of swine caused by this virus is manifested in several different clinical forms, leading to significant economic losses in swine production worldwide. For this reason, prompt and precise diagnostics of this swine infection is of great importance. For this purpose today there are used molecular methods of virological diagnostics such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time method PCR, that is direct sequencing method by Sanger.

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Yasue, H., S. Mikawa, H. Uenishi, and Y. Wada. "Analysis of allele segregation distortion in a swine resource family." Animal Biotechnology 10, no. 3 (1999): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495399909525939.

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Huang, Si-Yao, Min Wang, Wa Da, and Xiao-Ling Fan. "New discoveries of the family Epicopeiidae from China, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Epicopeiidae)." ZooKeys 822 (February 4, 2019): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.32341.

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Some new discoveries of the family Epicopeiidae Swinhoe, 1892 from China are reported. A new species, Mimaporiaowadai Huang & Wang, sp. n. is described from W. Sichuan. Burmeia Minet, 2003 and Psychostrophiaendoi Inoue, 1992 are reported as new to China, with the female genitalia of the former described for the first time. The females of Psychostrophiaendoi Inoue, 1992 and Deuveiabanghaasi Hering, 1932 are reported for the first time. Adults and genitalia of all species aforementioned are illustrated.

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Afonso, C. L., M. E. Piccone, K. M. Zaffuto, et al. "African Swine Fever Virus Multigene Family 360 and 530 Genes Affect Host Interferon Response." Journal of Virology 78, no. 4 (2004): 1858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.4.1858-1864.2004.

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ABSTRACT African swine fever virus (ASFV) multigene family 360 and 530 (MGF360/530) genes affect viral growth in macrophage cell cultures and virulence in pigs (L. Zsak, Z. Lu, T. G. Burrage, J. G. Neilan, G. F. Kutish, D. M. Moore, and D. L. Rock, J. Virol. 75:3066-3076, 2001). The mechanism by which these novel genes affect virus-host interactions is unknown. To define MGF360/530 gene function, we compared macrophage transcriptional responses following infection with parental ASFV (Pr4) and an MGF360/530 deletion mutant (Pr4Δ35). A swine cDNA microarray containing 7,712 macrophage cDNA clones was used to compare the transcriptional profiles of swine macrophages infected with Pr4 and Pr4Δ35 at 3 and 6 h postinfection (hpi). While at 3 hpi most (7,564) of the genes had similar expression levels in cells infected with either virus, 38 genes had significantly increased (>2.0-fold, P < 0.05) mRNA levels in Pr4Δ35-infected macrophages. Similar up-regulation of these genes was observed at 6 hpi. Viral infection was required for this induced transcriptional response. Most Pr4Δ35 up-regulated genes were part of a type I interferon (IFN) response or were genes that are normally induced by double-stranded RNA and/or viral infection. These included monocyte chemoattractant protein, transmembrane protein 3, tetratricopeptide repeat protein 1, a ubiquitin-like 17-kDa protein, ubiquitin-specific protease ISG43, an RNA helicase DEAD box protein, GTP-binding MX protein, the cytokine IP-10, and the PKR activator PACT. Differential expression of IFN early-response genes in Pr4Δ35 relative to Pr4 was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and real-time PCR. Analysis of IFN-α mRNA and secreted IFN-α levels at 3, 8, and 24 hpi revealed undetectable IFN-α in mock- and Pr4-infected macrophages but significant IFN-α levels at 24 hpi in Pr4Δ35-infected macrophages. The absence of IFN-α in Pr4-infected macrophages suggests that MGF360/530 genes either directly or indirectly suppress a type I IFN response. An inability to suppress host type I IFN responses may account for the growth defect of Pr4Δ35 in macrophages and its attenuation in swine.

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Almazán, F., J. M. Rodríguez, G. Andrés, R. Pérez, E. Viñuela, and J. F. Rodriguez. "Transcriptional analysis of multigene family 110 of African swine fever virus." Journal of Virology 66, no. 11 (1992): 6655–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.66.11.6655-6667.1992.

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Connell, Samuel, Ana Reis, Anusyah Rathakrishnan, Sarah Gilbert та Linda Dixon. "African Swine Fever Virus Multigene Family Genes Inhibit the Type-I Interferon Response by Acting on the NFκB and IRF3 Signalling Pathways at the Transcription Factor Level or below". Proceedings 50, № 1 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020050057.

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Franzoni, Giulia, Simon P. Graham, Silvia Dei Giudici, and Annalisa Oggiano. "Porcine Dendritic Cells and Viruses: An Update." Viruses 11, no. 5 (2019): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050445.

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Several viral infections of swine are responsible for major economic losses and represent a threat to the swine industry worldwide. New tools are needed to prevent and control endemic, emerging, and re-emerging viral diseases. Dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in linking the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, so knowledge regarding their interaction with pathogens is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying diseases pathogenesis and protection. In the first part of this review, we provide an update on the heterogeneous cell subsets that comprise the porcine DC family. In the second part of this review, we provide an overview of how three viruses, affecting pork production at a global level, African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), modulate DC function.

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Singhal, Yogesh Kumar, and Nitin Kothari. "A clinico-epidemiological profile of patients with influenza A H1N1 attending a tertiary care hospital in southern Rajasthan region of India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (2019): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191693.

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Background: Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). Swine flu cases resurfaced in month of January 2015 in Southern region of India which are continuation of pandemic 2009. Aim of this study is to summaries the clinical and epidemiological factors associated with swine flu as well as to estimate the burden of Influenza A H1N1 (Swine Flu) cases.Methods: A complete data of all the patients visiting swine flu OPDs, swine flu wards and ICU were maintained for year 2015. Each patient visiting either the swine flu OPD or the swine flu ward, who was suspected clinically to be H1N1 positive were tested for real time PCR.Results: Out of 1247 samples tested for rt-PCR 491 (39.37%) cases were identified as positive for H1N1. Maximum swine positivity was seen in the age group of 16-30 year i.e. 147 (29.94%). Overall swine positivity was significantly (<0.001) higher in females than male and extremely statistically significant (p<0.0001) higher in rural areas than urban. Cough was the most common clinical symptoms affecting 469(95.52%) patients followed by fever (92.26%) and breathlessness 402(81.87%).Conclusions: Our study will help epidemiologist and clinician to identify epidemiological factors and clinical picture of swine flu.

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Baginé Hunyadi, Ágnes, Péter Balogh та Szilvia Kusza. "Brief overview of the polymorphism analysis of genes affecting pig prolificacy (LEP, PRLP, ESR BF, EGF, FSH-β, H2A.Z)". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, № 65 (24 березня 2015): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/65/1869.

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Researches are being performed around the world to increase swine prolificacy by using marker-assisted selection (MAS). The present study processes researches of polymorphism examinations on 7 genes. The result of the experiments showed that the leptin gene (LEP) prolactin receptor gene (PRLP), estrogen receptor gene (ESR), properdin B (BF) epidermal growth factor (EGF), follicle-stimulating beta gene (FSH-ß) and Z member of the H2A histon family gene (H2A.Z) and their alleles have a positive effect on reproductive characteristics of different swine breeds. In addition to this, leptin gene (LEP) influences the build, meat production and growth of body fat. Further studies are concerned with the polymorphism of an increasing number of genes, which enables a faster genetic development of swine breeding.

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Sailo, Lalawmawia, Lawmsangzuala Chhangte, Rochamliana Aineh, and H. Lalthanzara. "Sightings of chestnut-flanked white-eye Zosterops erythropleurus: First report from Mizoram, India." Science Vision 18, no. 2 (2018): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.02.06.

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In this paper we report the first confirmed sighting of chestnut-flanked white-eye Zosterops erythropleurus (Swinhoe, 1863) from Mizoram and first photographic report from India. chestnut-flanked white-eye belongs to the family Zosteropidae and is a resident of Cambodia, China, Hongkong, Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam. In the Indian Sub-continent this is the only sighting report for this species and details of sightings and habitat are discussed.

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Sharma, Shalabh, and Yogesh Kumar Singhal. "Effect of health seeking interval on outcome in swine flu cases attended a tertiary care hospital in southern Rajasthan region of India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 7 (2019): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192824.

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Background: Swine flu influenza is an infection by H1N1 type of swine influenza virus. Swine influenza virus or swine-origin influenza virus (SIV or S-OIV) is a strain of the family of influenza viruses that’s endemic in swine (pigs). Early diagnosis and treatment is key approach to control the morbidity and mortality associated with swine flu which can be achieved by improving health seeking behaviour of community. Understanding of behaviour of community is essential for planning strategies for prevention and control. Aim of this study is to establish a relation between healthcare interval and outcome of swine flu.Methods: A complete data of all the patients visiting swine flu OPDs, swine flu wards and ICU were maintained for year 2015. Each patient visiting either the swine flu OPD or the swine flu ward, who was suspected clinically to be H1N1 positive were tested for real time PCR. Data was collected in a standardized pre-structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 1247 samples tested for rt-PCR, number of patients found to be swine positive was 491 (39.37%). Total 267 patients were admitted in swine flu ward and ICU, out of them 62 was expired. Clinical care intervals of more than 5 days from onset of symptoms to swab collection, diagnosis and admission were more in female and rural population. Mean duration between onset of symptom to hospitalization, swab collection and diagnosis was significantly higher in deceased patients than survived.Conclusions: Early presentation to healthcare facility is associated with better prognosis and outcome. After patient report to the health care setup, early sample collection and diagnosis help to reduce mortality.

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de Melo, C. F., E. E. N. Macau, and O. C. Winter. "Alternative Transfers to the NEOs 99942 Apophis, 1994 WR12, and 2007 UW1 via Derived Trajectories from Periodic Orbits of Family G." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/303604.

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Swing-by techniques are extensively used in interplanetary missions to minimize fuel consumption and to raise payloads of spacecrafts. The effectiveness of this type of maneuver has been proven since the beginning of space exploration. According to this premise, we have explored the existence of a natural and direct link between low Earth orbits and the lunar sphere of influence to get low-energy transfer trajectories to the Near Earth Objects (NEOs) 99942 Apophis, 1994 WR12, and 2007 UW1 through swing-bys with the Moon. The existence of this link is related to a family of retrograde periodic orbits around the Lagrangian equilibrium point L1 predicted for the circular, planar, restricted three-body Earth-Moon-particle problem. The trajectories in this link are sensitive to small disturbances. This enables them to be conveniently diverted reducing so the cost of the swing-by maneuver. These maneuvers allow a gain in energy sufficient for the trajectories to escape from the Earth-Moon system and to stabilize in heliocentric orbits between the Earth and Venus or Earth and Mars. Therefore, the trajectories have sufficient reach to intercept the NEOs' orbits.

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Folgueiras-González, Alba, Robin van den Braak, Bartjan Simmelink, Martin Deijs, Ad de Groof, and Lia van der Hoek. "Atypical Porcine Pestivirus Molecular Evolution within a Persistently Infected Swine Farm." Proceedings 50, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020050029.

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LABUDA, M., and P. A. NUTTALL. "Tick-borne viruses." Parasitology 129, S1 (2004): S221—S245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004005220.

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At least 38 viral species are transmitted by ticks. Virus–tick–vertebrate host relationships are highly specific and less than 10% of all tick species (Argasidae and Ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. However, a few tick species transmit several (e.g.Ixodes ricinus,Amblyomma variegatum) or many (I. uriae) tick-borne viruses. Tick-borne viruses are found in six different virus families (Asfarviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae) and at least 9 genera. Some as yet unassigned tick-borne viruses may belong to a seventh family, theArenaviridae. With only one exception (African swine fever virus, family Asfarviridae) all tick-borne viruses (as well as all other arboviruses) are RNA viruses. Tick-borne viruses are found in all the RNA virus families in which insect-borne members are found, with the exception of the family Togaviridae. Some tick-borne viruses pose a significant threat to the health of humans (Tick-borne encephalitis virus,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) or livestock (African swine fever virus,Nairobi sheep disease virus). Key challenges are to determine the molecular adaptations that allow tick-borne viruses to infect and replicate in both tick and vertebrate cells, and to identify the principal ecological determinants of tick-borne virus survival.

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Brandon, William P. "In the Age of Bioterrorism, an Affair to Remember: The Silver Anniversary of the Swine Flu Epidemic That Never Was." Politics and the Life Sciences 20, no. 1 (2001): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400005207.

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Twenty-five years ago, in November 1976, a physician misunderstood a cassette-tape providing continuing education for family practitioners to say that the rare neurological complication called Guillain-Barré syndrome could be a side effect of flu vaccines. When a recently vaccinated patient developed the syndrome, the physician alerted public officials and thereby started the process that ultimately ended the government campaign to immunize all Americans against swine flu. The physician was right, but for the wrong reasons, as Neustadt and Fineberg point out in the introduction to the 1983 edition of their classic case study of the swine flu episode (1983:xxv).

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PRINS, WILLY DE. "On the identity and status of Darala lineosa (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae)." Zootaxa 4344, no. 1 (2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4344.1.8.

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In 1862, F. Walker described Darala lineosa in the family Liparidae (now Erebidae, subfamily Lymantriinae) on a single female (he stated that it is a male but see Swinhoe 1892: 209) from Australia (Walker 1862: 269). The genus Darala is now considered a synonym of the large genus Anthela which belongs to the Anthelidae, a family entirely confined to the Australian region with representatives in Australia and New Guinea (Edwards & Fairey 1996: 258). These authors mention 61 Anthela species with about the same amount of synonymic species-group names, but they do not cite Darala lineosa, already indicating that this species does not belong to the Australian fauna and hence that the indication of “Australia” in the original description, and repeated in Walker (1865: 369), is erroneous.

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Yakovlev, Roman V., and Vadim V. Zolotuhin. "Revision of the family Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera) of the Oriental Region. VI. Genus Tearbela Yakovlev & Zolotuhin gen. nov. from the Bangladesh and Marcopoloia dea (Swinhoe, 1890) comb. nov." Ecologica Montenegrina 45 (September 21, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.45.8.

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In the sixth part of the revision of the Asian Metarbelidae we describe a new monotypic genus, Tearbela Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, gen. nov. (type species, by original designation: Arbela theivora Hampson, 1910). Tearbela theivora (Hampson, 1910) comb. nov. and Marcopoloia dea (Swinhoe, 1890) comb. nov. are established and redescribed.

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Loh, Joy, Guoyan Zhao, Rachel M. Presti, et al. "Detection of Novel Sequences Related to African Swine Fever Virus in Human Serum and Sewage." Journal of Virology 83, no. 24 (2009): 13019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00638-09.

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ABSTRACT The family Asfarviridae contains only a single virus species, African swine fever virus (ASFV). ASFV is a viral agent with significant economic impact due to its devastating effects on populations of domesticated pigs during outbreaks but has not been reported to infect humans. We report here the discovery of novel viral sequences in human serum and sewage which are clearly related to the asfarvirus family but highly divergent from ASFV. Detection of these sequences suggests that greater genetic diversity may exist among asfarviruses than previously thought and raises the possibility that human infection by asfarviruses may occur.

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Goens, S. Denise, and Michael L. Perdue. "Hepatitis E viruses in humans and animals." Animal Health Research Reviews 5, no. 2 (2004): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ahr200495.

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AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen belonging to a newly recognized family of RNA viruses (Hepeviridae). HEV is an important enterically transmitted human pathogen with a worldwide distribution. It can cause sporadic cases as well as large epidemics of acute hepatitis. Epidemics are primarily waterborne in areas where water supplies are contaminated with HEV of human origin. There is increasing evidence, however, that many animal species are infected with an antigenically similar virus. A recently isolated swine virus is the best candidate for causing a zoonotic form of hepatitis E. The virus is serologically cross-reactive with human HEV and genetically very similar, and the human and swine strains seem to be cross-infective. Very recent evidence has also shown that swine HEV, and possibly a deer strain of HEV, can be transmitted to humans by consumption of contaminated meat. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of human HEV, swine HEV, the related avian HEV and HEV in other hosts and potential reservoirs.

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Coates, John D., Kimberly A. Cole, Urania Michaelidou, Jennifer Patrick, Michael J. McInerney, and Laurie A. Achenbach. "Biological Control of Hog Waste Odor through Stimulated Microbial Fe(III) Reduction." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 8 (2005): 4728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4728-4735.2005.

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ABSTRACT Odor control and disposal of swine waste have inhibited expansion of swine production facilities throughout the United States. Swine waste odor is associated primarily with high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Here, we demonstrate that stimulated Fe(III) reduction in hog manure can rapidly remove the malodorous compounds and enhance methane production by 200%. As part of these studies, we enumerated the indigenous Fe(III)-reducing population in swine waste and identified members of the family Geobacteraceae as the dominant species. These organisms were present at concentrations as high as 2 × 105 cells g−1. Several pure cultures of Fe(III) reducers, including Geobacter metallireducens, Geobacter humireducens, Geobacter sulfurreducens, Geobacter grbiciae, Geothrix fermentans, and Geovibrio ferrireducens, readily degraded some or all of the malodorous VFAs found in swine manure. In contrast, Shewanella algae did not degrade any of these compounds. We isolated an Fe(III) reducer, Geobacter strain NU, from materials collected from primary swine waste lagoons. This organism degraded all of the malodorous VFAs tested and readily grew in swine waste amended with Fe(III). When raw waste amended with Fe(III) was inoculated with strain NU, the VFA content rapidly decreased, corresponding with an almost complete removal of the odor. In contrast, the raw waste without Fe(III) or strain NU showed a marked increase in VFA content and a rapid pH drop. This study showed that Fe(III) supplementation combined with appropriate bioaugmentation provides a simple, cost-effective approach to deodorize and treat swine waste, removing a significant impediment to the expansion of pork production facilities.

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Zsak, L., Z. Lu, T. G. Burrage, et al. "African Swine Fever Virus Multigene Family 360 and 530 Genes Are Novel Macrophage Host Range Determinants." Journal of Virology 75, no. 7 (2001): 3066–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.7.3066-3076.2001.

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ABSTRACT Pathogenic African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates primarily target cells of the mononuclear-phagocytic system in infected swine and replicate efficiently in primary macrophage cell cultures in vitro. ASFVs can, however, be adapted to grow in monkey cell lines. Characterization of two cell culture-adapted viruses, MS16 and BA71V, revealed that neither virus replicated in macrophage cell cultures. Cell viability experiments and ultrastructural analysis showed that infection with these viruses resulted in early macrophage cell death, which occurred prior to viral progeny production. Genomic cosmid clones from pathogenic ASFV isolate E70 were used in marker rescue experiments to identify sequences capable of restoring MS16 and BA71V growth in macrophage cell cultures. A cosmid clone representing a 38-kbp region at the left terminus of the genome completely restored the growth of both viruses. In subsequent fine-mapping experiments, an 11-kbp subclone from this region was sufficient for complete rescue of BA71V growth. Sequence analysis indicated that both MS16 and BA71V had significant deletions in the region containing members of multigene family 360 (MGF 360) and MGF530. Deletion of this same region from highly pathogenic ASFV isolate Pr4 significantly reduced viral growth in macrophage cell cultures. These findings indicate that ASFV MGF360 and MGF530 genes perform an essential macrophage host range function(s) that involves promotion of infected-cell survival.

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Zhang, Qian, Kang-Kang Guo, Yan-Ming Zhang, Chen Dai, Yan-Fen Jiang, and Yang-Xin Peng. "Members of the Let-7 Family Inhibit the Replication of Classical Swine Fever Virus in Swine Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells." Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8, no. 5 (2013): 732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2013.732.739.

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Hauger, Amberly N., Karmen M. Hollis-Etter, Dwayne R. Etter, Gary J. Roloff, and Andrew R. Mahon. "Use of environmental DNA (eDNA) in streams to detect feral swine (Sus scrofa)." PeerJ 8 (January 2, 2020): e8287. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8287.

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Invasive feral swine can damage ecosystems, disrupt plant and animal populations, and transmit diseases. Monitoring of feral swine populations requires expensive and labor-intensive techniques such as aerial surveys, field surveys for sign, trail cameras, and verifying landowner reports. Environmental DNA (eDNA) provides an alternative method for locating feral swine. To aid in detection of this harmful invasive species, a novel assay was developed incorporating molecular methods. From August 2017 to April 2018, water samples and stream data were collected along 400 m transects in two different stream types where swine DNA was artificially introduced to investigate potential factors affecting detection. A generalized linear model (family binomial) was used to characterize environmental conditions affecting swine DNA detection; detection was the dependent variable and stream measurements included stream type, distance downstream, water temperature, velocity, turbidity, discharge, and pH as independent variables. Parameters from the generalized linear model were deemed significant if 95% confidence intervals did not overlap 0. Detection probability for swine DNA negatively related to water temperature (β = − 0.21, 95% CI [−0.35 to −0.09]), with the highest detection probability (0.80) at 0 °C and lowest detection probability (0.05) at 17.9 °C water temperature. Results indicate that sampling for swine eDNA in free-flowing stream systems should occur at lower water temperatures to maximize detection probability. This study provides a foundation for further development of field and sampling techniques for utilizing eDNA as a viable alternative to monitoring a terrestrial invasive species in northern regions of the United States.

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Fiege, Marko, Frank Wappler, Ralf Weisshorn, Mark U. Gerbershagen, Melanie Menge, and Jochen Schulte am Esch. "Induction of Malignant Hyperthermia in Susceptible Swine by 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“Ecstasy”)." Anesthesiology 99, no. 5 (2003): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200311000-00020.

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Background 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") can mediate acute toxic effects such as muscle rigidity, metabolic acidosis, and hyperthermia. Because of close clinical similarities, an association between MDMA intoxication and malignant hyperthermia (MH) was suggested. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MDMA is a trigger of MH in susceptible swine. Methods MH-nontriggering general anesthesia was performed in six MH-susceptible (MHS) and six MH-normal swine. The animals were exposed to MDMA in cumulative doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg. The clinical occurrence of MH was defined by achievement of two of three conditions: central venous Pco2 >/=75 mmHg, central venous pH </= 7.20, and increase of body core temperature >/= 2.0 degrees C. Once MH occurred, a standardized therapy with dantrolene, sodium bicarbonate, and hyperventilation with 100% oxygen was initialized. Results Administration of 8 mg/kg MDMA triggered MH in all MHS swine. The MH-normal swine also developed clinical signs of hypermetabolism, but even after administration of 12 mg/kg MDMA, changes were moderate compared with the MHS swine. Dantrolene therapy of MDMA-induced MH crisis in the MHS swine partially counteracted the clinical signs of MH immediately. Conclusions MDMA induces MH in genetically susceptible swine in relevant doses. Therefore, MHS patients should avoid use of MDMA or related drugs. Patients with a personal or family history of MDMA-induced hyperthermia should be tested for a diagnosis of MH susceptibility. Dantrolene is effective in therapy of MDMA-induced porcine MH.

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Tanasiuk, Viktoriia. "The activities of the “Torgsin” system in Ukraine in the years of 1931–1935." Przegląd Nauk Historycznych 19, no. 2 (2020): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1644-857x.19.02.06.

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The paper studies the activities of the All-Union Association “Torgsin” in Ukraine between 1931 and 1935. It proves that the Soviet state needed to mobilize financial resources for implementing the industrialization programme and, therefore, sought additional sources of income. The Soviet authorities elaborated complex measures for this purpose. The grain procurement policy caused mass famine in Ukraine. The establishment of the Torgsin system demonstrated a pseudo-concern of Soviet authorities about the starving population. The Torgsin trade network, founded in the years of mass famine in the early 1930s, extended to the territory of Ukraine and strengthened its organizational structure due to exporting food and industrial goods of high quality. It enabled the state to swindle gold, family values and antiques from the starving population in exchange for foodstuffs and trade currency with foreigners and Soviet citizens through the Torgsin network.

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ZOLOTUHIN, VADIM V. "Taxonomic remarks on Andraca Walker, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) with descriptions of five new species." Zootaxa 3262, no. 1 (2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3262.1.2.

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The genus Andraca Walker, 1865, is divided into two subgenera, one of them new: Chrypathemola Zolt., subgen. nov. (typespecies Andraca apodecta Swinhoe, 1907). The following new species are described: Andraca draco, sp. nov. (from Java);Andraca lawa, sp. nov. (from Palawan), Andraca paradisea, sp. nov. (from Philippines), Andraca chrysocollis, sp. nov. (fromPhilippines) and Andraca (Chrypathemola) nobilorum, sp. nov. (from Vietnam). A male lectotype for Andraca bipunctataWalker, 1865 is designated from the collection of ZMHU; this designation led to the new synonymy: Andraca bipunctata Walker, 1865 = Andraca angulata Kishida, 1993, syn. nov. The systematics of the family Bombycidae is briefly discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Swingle family'

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