Journal articles: 'Switch disconnector'

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Song, Yuyang, Benxue Liu, Qinghui Wang, and Peng Yuan. "GW46 High Voltage Isolation Switch Solid-Heat Coupling Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study." E3S Web of Conferences 179 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017901004.

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Taking the high⁃voltage disconnector of the GW46 type as research object, this research first use Solidworks to build its three-dimensional simplified model, then use ABAQUS to simulate the mechanical characteristics of the disconnector over a wide temperature range, analyzing the influence of the clamping force between the dynamic and static contacts on temperature, the contact pressure between the dynamic and static contacts of the high⁃voltage disconnector of the GW46 type increases with the ambient temperature, and the contact pressure becomes smaller. Compared simulation results with experimental data, the error is less than 5%. Analysis shows that using the ABAQUS to simulation analysis of temperature rise of the high⁃voltage disconnector of the GW46 type, it can be determined that the contact pressure between the dynamic and static contacts changes with temperature. It avoids the complexity of the traditional theoretical calculation of query parameters and tedious calculations, and provides strong reference evidence for improving the reliability of the high⁃voltage disconnector of the GW46 type.

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Liu, Benxue, Peng Yuan, Mengjian Wang, Cheng Bi, Chong Liu, and Xia Li. "Optimal Design of High-Voltage Disconnecting Switch Drive System Based on ADAMS and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." Mathematics 9, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9091049.

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This paper focuses on the analysis of the stability of the GW17 high-voltage disconnecting switch drive system. Firstly, the optimization model of the disconnector is established, and the simulation analysis is carried out by ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) and the simulation results are verified by experiments. Afterwards, ADAMS optimization design and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) are used to optimize the drive system of the disconnector, and the results are verified on the experimental platform. After optimization, the space rod is reduced by 15 mm, the minimum corner angle of the lower conductive rod is reduced by 71.0%, the minimum folding arm angle is reduced by 88.7% and the maximum force of the ball pair is reduced by 35.7%, which realizes the lightweight of the rod, reduces the wear of the ball pair, and improves the stability of the equipment operation.

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Mizoguchi, Hitoshi, Katsumi Suzuki, and Hisatoshi Ikeda. "Study of High Current Interruption by Disconnector and by Earthing Switch in GIS." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 112, no. 11 (1992): 987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.112.11_987.

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Mohana Rao, Mandava. "Evaluation of Gas Insulated Disconnector Switch for Bus Charging and Bus Transfer Currents." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0048.

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Abstract Gas insulated disconnector switches (DSs) are employed in a gas insulated substation (GIS) to interrupt and to make capacitive currents, in principle. During switching of capacitive currents very fast transient over-voltages (VFTOs) are common to DS. Intense VFTOs may result in peak voltage close to basic insulation level (BIL) of the connected equipment, leading to progressive deterioration and secondary breakdowns in very high voltage gas-insulated systems. At the same time, arcing during switching of bus transfer currents, by the DS, is considered as a source of substantial amount of decomposed products. This contamination may result in significant reduction in insulation strength of the medium. In order to ensure reliability of the design, it is essential to establish the DS for bus charging and bus transfer current duties under most onerous service conditions through suitable tests. The optimal design of DS to meet these test duties is established with suitable analytical techniques. The tests, which have been discussed and analyzed as part of this study, were performed on an indigenously developed 145 kV gas insulated DS as per IEC 62271-102. A detailed arrangement of the DS (main and auxiliary) and guidelines for conducting the above tests are also explained. Different performance parameters like arcing time, pre-arcing time, secondary discharges, trapped voltages, and level of contamination are analyzed. The behavior of DS during these evaluations is also reported in the present paper. Finally, the effect of different design parameters on performance of the DS has been analyzed.

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Wang, Feifeng, Huimin Huang, Yi Su, Dandan Yan, Yufeng Lu, Xiaofei Xia, and Jian Yang. "Simulation and Analysis of Electric Field for the Disconnector Switch Incomplete Opening Position Based on 220kV GIS." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 153 (May 2018): 042043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/153/4/042043.

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Moustafa, Mohamed A., and Khalid M. Mosalam. "Substructured Dynamic Testing of Substation Disconnect Switches." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 1 (February 2016): 567–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/031314eqs037m.

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The paper demonstrates the substructuring concept in seismic qualification testing of 550 kV electrical substation disconnect switches. In this study, the full and substructured (i.e., without support structure) switches are tested on a six degrees of freedom (DOFs) shaking table. Different combinations of translational and rotational excitations are obtained from full switch tests and used in the substructured ones. The behavior of the post insulators of the switches are compared to demonstrate validity and identify limitations of the substructuring concept applied to electrical substation equipment. From this comparison, critical DOFs for the response of post insulators in switches supported on flexible structures are identified. It is concluded that the in-plane and out-of-plane behavior of the investigated post insulators are uncoupled. The substructured tests driven by combined translational and rotational signals showed the best match with the full switch tests because the out-of-plane rotations contribute significantly to the response of the post insulators.

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Saginus, Kyle A., Richard W. Marklin, and Phillip A. Voglewede. "Dynamic Modeling of Hand Push Force to Close a Disconnect Switch at Switching Stations and Substations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 14 (October 2009): 902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905301410.

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Electric utility switching stations and substations in the U.S. typically have hundreds of disconnect switches in outdoor yards that are manually closed and opened. For safety reasons, these switches are usually located at least 10 ft above the ground and require specialized methods to open and close the switch. The most common manual method to open or close a disconnect switch is through the use of an insulated pole that ranges from 6 to 20 ft long. Due to the shear number of required independent tasks (workers may have to open or close 100 disconnect within 30 min), the manual opening and closing of disconnect switches is physically demanding and presents risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), particularly to the upper extremities. The purpose of this study was to model the hand push force exerted by the worker on the insulated pole to close a disconnect switch. A force gauge was attached to the end of the insulated stick while a worker closed a switch. An average of 510 lbs of peak reaction force was measured when the switch was closed. Digital video revealed the average time interval for the worker to push the stick was 210 ms, from the time the motion was started to the time the switch was completely closed. Modeling in Siemens NX6.0 with ADAMS showed that a constant input force of 24 lbs on the stick was required by the worker to generate a peak reaction force of 510 lbs. Because most of the peak reaction force is transmitted to the upper extremities of the worker, these tasks expose the workers to MSDs. This type of dynamic analysis can be applied to many tasks that require a worker to use motion to exert a high peak reaction force. Furthermore, this method can enable researchers to assess the forces applied by a worker throughout the duration of a task, rather than just at the endpoint, which may provide more insight into which part(s) of a task present the greater risk of MSDs.

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Wen, Bai, Mohamed A. Moustafa, and Dai Junwu. "Seismic Fragilities of High-Voltage Substation Disconnect Switches." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 4 (November 2019): 1559–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/030118eqs049m.

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Electrical substations and vital components, e.g., disconnect switches, experienced severe damage that caused blackouts during past earthquakes. To improve the seismic resiliency of power grids and use probabilistic decision-making frameworks, comprehensive fragility data for the different substation equipment are needed. The objective of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of and develop component and system fragility curves for a critical substation component: disconnect switches. The seismic vulnerability of two common switch types was evaluated and two operational configurations were considered. Detailed nonlinear finite element models for the full switches were calibrated using previous experimental data and used to conduct incremental dynamic analysis and carry out the fragility assessment. A total of 160 triaxial ground motions representing four sets of different ground motion characteristics were used. The switches’ fragility curves were developed and presented to be readily used for new substation design, prioritizing retrofit/maintenance activities and reliability assessment of power grids.

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Ma, You Jie, Cai Ming Wang, and Xue Song Zhou. "Optimization of Distribution Network." Advanced Materials Research 811 (September 2013): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.811.681.

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Distribution network is the design of closed loop, open loop operation,which segment equipped with a normally closed and normally open switch contact switch,By changing these disconnect switches and contact switch status, the structure of the distribution network reconfiguration, you can achieve a balanced load, reducing network losses and improve voltage quality role.Distribution Network Reconfiguration in mathematics is a multi-objective high-dimensional nonlinear optimization problem, has a great solution space, using the general optimization method is difficult to obtain a good solution.Existing optimization methods such as optimal flow pattern method, branch exchange method, particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithms, computational efficiency and optimization results in other aspects worthy of improvement.

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Ferdik, Manuel, Georg Saxl, Erwin Jesacher, and Thomas Ussmueller. "Remote Control System for Battery-Assisted Devices with 16 nW Standby Consumption." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040975.

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One of the biggest impacts of the vision ‘Internet of Things’ is the massive number of connected devices, where billions of nodes will exchange data, information and commands. While wireless systems offer advantages such as increased flexibility, they also introduce one major challenge: how to power each individual node. In many cases, there is no way around the use of batteries. To minimize the environmental impact, increasing the battery’s longevity is the most important factor. This paper introduces a wireless battery-assisted node that has a drastically reduced energy consumption in the standby mode. The state (on/off) will be changed by harvesting a radiofrequency signal. A latching switch connects or disconnects the load—for example, a microcontroller—and the battery. The switch is connected to a charge pump which converts an AC (alternating current) signal into a usable DC (direct current) control signal. An antenna is mounted to the charge pump via a matching network. An electromagnetic wave is emitted by a remote control switch that switches the system on and off. The used frequency is 868 MHz and therefore in the UHF RFID (ultra high frequency radio frequency identification) band. The measurement results show that the wireless node consumes less than 16 nW in the standby mode. The remote controlling is possible from a distance of more than 12 m . The presented system can be integrated in further work on a UHF RFID tag. Thus, the existing protocol standard can be used to identify the object to be switched. By custom commands, the switching request can be transmitted from the remote control (UHF RFID reader) to the switching node.

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Li, Long, Song Yang, Pengfei Ren, Liwei Zheng, and Yilin Wang. "Development of 66kV Isolation Switch V Type Porcelain Column Fracture Insulation Protection Frame." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124803021.

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The mechanical strength of old 66kV disconnect switches (V-type porcelain column type) in outdoor substations has been affected by weather and daily operation for a long time, and the change of internal force of porcelain column caused by external force during open and closed circuit operation is very likely to cause porcelain column fracture, which poses a safety hazard to the safety of people and equipment. In order to ensure the safety of personal and equipment during operation and maintenance of the switch, this paper proposes a kind of insulation protection frame for 66kV disconnecting switch V-type porcelain column fracture. The simple structure, flexible operation, safety and reliability of this protective frame have been proved by practice that after using this protective frame in work, the efficiency of work is obviously improved and the safety of personal and equipment is effectively guaranteed.

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Mohsen, Mowafak khadom, M. S. M. Isa, Z. Zakaria, A. A. M. Isa, M. K. Abdulhameed, and Mothana L. Attiah. "Control Radiation Pattern for Half Width Microstrip Leaky Wave Antenna by Using PIN Diodes." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 2959. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2959-2966.

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In this paper, a novel design for single-layer half width microstrip leakywave antenna (HW-MLWA) is demonstrated. This model can be digitally control its radiation pattern at operation frequency and uses only two values of the bias voltage, with better impedance matching and insignificant gain variation. The scanning and controlling the radiation pattern of leaky-wave antennas (LWA) in steps at an operation frequency, by using switches PIN diodes, is investigated and a novel HW-MLWA is introduced. A control cell reconfigurable, that can be switched between two states, is the basic element of the antenna. The periodic LWA is molded by identical control cells where as a control radiation pattern is developed by combining numerous reconfigurable control cells. A gap capacitor is independently connected or disconnected in every unit cell by using a PIN diode switch to achieve fixedfrequency control radiation pattern scanning. The profile reactance at the free edge of (HW-MLWA) and thus the main lobe direction is altered by changing the states of the control cell. The antenna presented in this paper, can scan main beam between 18o to 44o at fixed frequency of 4.2 GHz with measured peak gain of 12.29 dBi.

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Paolacci, Fabrizio, Renato Giannini, Silvia Alessandri, and Gianmarco De Felice. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of a high voltage disconnect switch." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 67 (December 2014): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.09.014.

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Murase, H., I. Ohshima, H. Aoyagi, and I. Miwa. "Measurement of Transient Voltages Induced by Disconnect Switch Operation." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-5, no. 1 (January 1985): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1985.5528562.

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Murase, H., I. Ohshima, H. Aoyagi, and I. Miwa. "Measurement of Transient Voltages Induced by Disconnect Switch Operation." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 1 (January 1985): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.318889.

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Ozguc, Murat Kubilay, Eymen Ipek, Kadir Aras, and Koray Erhan. "Comprehensive Analysis of Pre-Charge Sequence in Automotive Battery Systems." Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering 4, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v4i1.136.

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Electric vehicles (EV) have brought promising technologies for future mobility solutions. As one of the key components of EVs, battery systems have fundamental functions which disconnect the battery during parking and in case of failure. To provide a safe system, specialized high voltage (HV) electromechanical switches are used to perform these major functions such as switch on, switch off or pre-charging. Due to these components can be easily damaged, expensive, heavy and bulky, a solution based on pure semiconductors may be desired to accomplish these operations. Many studies were exhibited on EV battery systems regarding developing solid-state systems for HV switchgear. Developing technology on semiconductor devices allows to make a safety concept based on only solidstate components. This study presents a comprehensive analysis off pre-charge sequences between conventional and semiconductor switchgear to be used in electric vehicle battery systems. Spice simulations are presented to investigate advantages and drawbacks of these systems.

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Yong, Chentao, and Andras Gyorgy. "Stability and Robustness of Unbalanced Genetic Toggle Switches in the Presence of Scarce Resources." Life 11, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11040271.

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While the vision of synthetic biology is to create complex genetic systems in a rational fashion, system-level behaviors are often perplexing due to the context-dependent dynamics of modules. One major source of context-dependence emerges due to the limited availability of shared resources, coupling the behavior of disconnected components. Motivated by the ubiquitous role of toggle switches in genetic circuits ranging from controlling cell fate differentiation to optimizing cellular performance, here we reveal how their fundamental dynamic properties are affected by competition for scarce resources. Combining a mechanistic model with nullcline-based stability analysis and potential landscape-based robustness analysis, we uncover not only the detrimental impacts of resource competition, but also how the unbalancedness of the switch further exacerbates them. While in general both of these factors undermine the performance of the switch (by pushing the dynamics toward monostability and increased sensitivity to noise), we also demonstrate that some of the unwanted effects can be alleviated by strategically optimized resource competition. Our results provide explicit guidelines for the context-aware rational design of toggle switches to mitigate our reliance on lengthy and expensive trial-and-error processes, and can be seamlessly integrated into the computer-aided synthesis of complex genetic systems.

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Hyung Kim, Chang, Seong Jeong, Kyoung Hak Lee, and Chae Bong Sohn. "DTV broadcasting failover switching system using PCR information." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (April 3, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11101.

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Background/Objectives: Major Terrestrial broadcasters, MSO (Multi-System Operator), IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) Operators have been putting effort to prevent the transmission stops such as transmission interruption.Methods/Statistical analysis: The main and spare signals of the digital broadcasting are monitored. If a problem occurs in the main signal, it automatically switched to a preliminary signal, preventing a broadcast accident before a failover switch is performed.In this paper, we propose a method that can automatically switch signal to minimize the resulting impacts on a broadcasting accident caused by a disconnection from the input or an accident from the network. Digital broadcasts transmission abides by MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Expert Group) TS (Transport Stream) standardization.Findings: This paper proposes a method to maintain the quality of broadcast such as transmission interruption within ETSI TR 101 290 (European Telecommunications Standards Institute Technical Report) standardization. Furthermore, with this proposed method, it would be possible to minimize the error from an automatically transferred stream that sent from the emergency link within ETSI TR 101 290 standardization.Improvements/Applications: A method for preventing broadcast transmission accidents

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Vamsi Krishna, S., N. M. Ramalingeswara Rao, K. V. Lalitha, and B. Naveen Kumar. "Intelligent Home Automation Using Smart Device to Connect or Disconnect Using Internet of Things." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8472.

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Smart home is an exceptionally encouraging region, which has different types of advantages, for example, giving expanded solace, more noteworthy wellbeing and security, a more judicious utilization of vitality and different assets along these lines adding to a critical investment funds. This examination application area is imperative and will increment in future as it likewise offers capable means for aiding and supporting uncommon needs of the elderly and individuals with inabilities. This paper shows the improvement of a firmware for a Smart Switch, which can control the on–off of any electrical gadget at home by utilizing web. The Smart Switch is associated with web by means of Wi-Fi, through a PC, advanced cell, tablet or any gadget with web get to. Keeping in mind the end goal to play out this association it is important to compose the IP pre-customized into the Smart Switch in a web program with the reason to stack the Smart Switch Server, which will open in design page to compose the information of the client’s system. At that point, the client will choose in programmed mode the system, the security composes, and the client probably composed a passphrase. Once these data is transferred and spared, it is important to restart the Smart Switch keeping in mind the end goal to access web, from which the client can control the Smart Switch just sending a main or a number zero to switch the electrical gadget, this procedure is done on a basic level through the web, yet it should be possible without the utilization of web, i.e., by utilizing a neighborhood arrange.

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Lü, Bao-long, Ling-li Chen, and Zhi-ming Ye. "Fragility of disconnect switch subjected to random earthquake ground motions." Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition) 15, no. 3 (May 31, 2011): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11741-011-0717-1.

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Ramalingam, Lakshmi, K. Karunanithi, and P. Chandrasekar. "Fuzzy-logic-control of two-switch & three-switch-serial-input interleaved-forward-converters." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i1.pp147-155.

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This manuscript manages F-L-C of “two-switch& three-switch-interleaved-forward- -converters” with DC-engine-load”. Numerous modern applications require DC-power. This forward-converter convert's unregulated DC-capacity to controlled DC-control. It contains high recurrence transformer which is additionally called ‘isolation-transformer’. This gives disconnection among load& fundamental-circuit. The AC- control is amended utilizing half-wave-rectifier. The swell in the yield is separated utilizing pi- filter. FLC is intended for two-switch and three-switch forward-converter-systems. The simulation is completed by utilizing MATLAB-simulink. The controller execution is considered for different estimations of load-torque for both two-switch& three-switch forward-converter -frameworks.

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Kar, R. "Structural design and seismic qualification of extra high voltage disconnect switch." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-072.

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This paper describes the structural design approach and the method of seismic qualification for an extra high voltage disconnect switch, a vital component in the substations of a power system network. Shaping and sizing of porcelain members of the frame received special attention to enhance their resistance to earthquake. A carefully developed finite element model, on analysis by response spectrum and time-history methods, showed acceptable seismic performance and an adequate margin of safety. Shake table tests for seismic qualification, called for by the specification, were not feasible owing to the large dimensions of the complete assembly. The alternative approach was to perform in situ modal tests. By exciting the structure with a random force through a portable hydraulic exciter and using accelerometers to record the structural response, the dynamic characteristics of the equipment — the frequencies, mode shapes, and damping — were determined. Correlation between the results of finite element analysis and experimental modal analysis confirmed the validity of the analytical model. Application of combined analysis and testing for seismic qualification is demonstrated by a case study on an 800 kV disconnect switch.

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Fomin, I. N., and R. P. Belikov. "DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR REMOTE CONTROL DISCONNECT SWITCH SECTIONIMAGE POWER LINES." Bulletin of Agrarian Science 4, no. 73 (October 2018): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/issn2587-666x.2018.4.98.

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Neubauer, Marcus, Xu Han, and Jörg Wallaschek. "On the maximum damping performance of piezoelectric switching techniques." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24, no. 6 (May 22, 2012): 717–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12445645.

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Synchronized switch damping on inductor offers a high damping performance in a broad frequency range. It consists of an inductor and resistor in a serial configuration, which are connected and disconnected from the piezoceramics in an alternating manner by a switch. When the switch is triggered by the vibration itself, it adapts to different excitation frequencies especially in the low frequency range. This article presents a detailed study of the damping performance of the synchronized switch damping on inductor technique. Calculations are performed in a normalized way. The optimal tuning of synchronized switch damping on inductor network parameters is derived, and the corresponding maximum damping performance is obtained. The results are further compared to standard linear inductance–resistance networks. For a validation of the theoretical results, measurements on a clamped beam test rig are performed. Therefore, the synchronized switch damping on inductor circuit is realized as a synthetic impedance in a DSpace environment. The measurement results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations.

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Elsheakh, Dalia M., and Esmat A. Abdallah. "Ultrawideband Vivaldi Antenna for DVB-T, WLAN, and WiMAX Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/761634.

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Compact Vivaldi patch antenna with a parasitic meander line is presented in this paper. A PIN diode switch is used to connect and disconnect ultrahigh frequency band (UHF) with ultrawide bandwidth (UWB). The operating frequencies can be switched among different services, depending on the switching states (ON/OFF) to add the lower band when required. This antenna is suitable for portable DVB-T which extended from 450 MHz to 850 MHz receiver applications and the WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) IEEE 802.11b,g (5.1–5.8) GHz frequency bands and WiMAX band (3.3–3.8) GHz. The measured reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna is compared with the simulated one; good agreement is observed. Also, simulated radiation pattern of the antenna is presented. All simulations are carried out using the EM commercial simulator, high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) ver.13.

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Chang, Yan Li, and Yan Ping Chen. "The Analysis of One Protection Action Caused by 110kV Line Break Fault." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.613.

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Combined with the 110KV line breaking protection action, this paper pointed out the main problems is that the switch of 110KV side is not disconnected. It leaded to protection action of T type transformer in 110KV line. Because of the problem in switch operating of 110KV line, the three phases are not disconnecting all. It caused insulation damage of the 110KV main transformer that the 110KV line is non-phase, and then it caused tripping main transformer protection. This paper proposes improvement measures and precautions for such situations.

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Luime, J., M. Kok, I. Tchetverikov, M. Vis, and C. Collaboration of Rheumatologists. "POS1057 DISCONNECT BETWEEN TREATMENT SWITCHES AND DISEASE ACTIVITY STATE IN EARLY PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 807.1–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3748.

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Background:Receiving adequate treatment early in the disease course is one of the most important prognostic factors to achieve optimal disease outcome in most rheumatological conditions. Treat-to-target strategies and early step-up of treatment are important ingredients to accomplish this. While for Rheumatoid Arthritis this is common practice on accepted targets, for Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) this is less outspoken practice. In PsA multiple domains must be taken into account and also there is a less established practice to use PsA specific targets, such as MDA, although this is associated with a better quality of life.[1,2] Whether this affects optimal disease outcome is not well describedObjectives:To describe treatment strategies in newly diagnosed PsA with at least one synovitis and, treatment switches over time in those that not achieved MDA.Methods:For this study we used data from the DEPAR study between August 2013 and February 2019. The DEPAR study is a cohort that includes newly diagnosed PsA patients and follows them for up to 6 years. Patients are classified at baseline according to their prominent features: mono-, oligo-, polyarthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis or axial phenotype. For this study we used the data from the first 2 years for the patients with an articular phenotype. Methotrexate (MTX) and MTX plus another s-DMARD or GCs were addressed separately as they form the cornerstone of treatment in PsA. Next treatment was grouped in the usual drug classes: sDMARD (conventional), bDMARD and Glucocorticoids (GCs). Descriptive statistics were applied in STATA16 and Tableau 2020.3Results:Out of 620 patients, 478 patients had at least one swollen joint at baseline and were included in this analysis. 349 (73%) had data at 1 year and 267 (56%) at 2 years. Average age was 50.3 years(sd 14.1), and 50% was female. Half of the patients had oligo-arthritis, 30% poly-arthritis and 20% mono-arthritis. At baseline, clinical characteristics were 3.8 swollen joints (sd 4.9), 5.5 tender joints (sd 6.2), 3.1 PASI points (sd 3.7, skin), 0.8 entheseal points (LEI; sd 1.2) and 0.1 dacylitis count (basic count of digits; sd 0.6). Treatment was initiated with Monotherapy MTX in 51% of the patients, while 25% did not start any DMARD, 10% started a combination of s-DMARDs, 9% a single s-DMARD, 3% a b-DMARD and 2% GCs. This differed for the different phenotypes as shown in Table 1.Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) was achieved by 32% after 3 months increasing to 58% at 24 months. Treatment switches in the non-MDA mono-, oligo- and polyarthritis groups are shown in Figure 1. In the patients not in MDA treatment was not switch in: 70% of patients with mono-arthritis, 50-66% with oligo-arthritis and 50% poly-arthritis. Similar observations were found when using the DAS28(<=3.2) or DAPSA(<14), both including only articular disease activity (data not shown).Conclusion:Achieving MDA is associated with a better quality of life, though it is not yet common practice to make treatment adjustments based on MDA. Of the newly diagnosed PsA patients not in MDA, more than half of the clinical evaluations did not result in a switch of medication.References:[1]Wervers, K, et al ART 2019[2]Coates, L, et al. Lancet 2015Figure 1.Medication change in patients not in MDA at each timepoint (dark bars = change and light bars = no change)Disclosure of Interests:Jolanda Luime: None declared, Marc Kok Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Novartis, BMS, Abbvie, Ilja Tchetverikov: None declared, Marijn Vis Grant/research support from: Novartis, CICERO collaboration of rheumatologists: None declared.

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KURASZKIEWICZ, Janusz, Janusz BANDEL, Artur HEJDUK, Krzysztof KRASUSKI, Andrzej DZIERŻYŃSKI, Karol STANISZEWSKI, and Henryk SIBILSKI. "INDIRECT TEST CIRCUIT FOR TESTING HIGH VOLTAGE FUSES IN OVERLOAD CONDITIONS." Proceedings of Electrotechnical Institute 63 (December 15, 2016): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.4421.

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During direct tests of high voltage fuses in overload conditions, the tested fuse has to carry the rated overload current at the rated voltage for a long enough time to interrupt the overcurrent. These types of tests cannot be done in short circuit laboratories. A short circuit generator cannot be excited for the length of time needed to complete the test. Therefore the indirect test method is often applied. It uses separate current and voltage circuits in sequence: first the fuse is supplied from a low voltage current circuit to conduct a current of the recommended intensity and, at the moment of the current interruption, the fuse is disconnected from the low voltage circuit and switched to a high voltage circuit. To ensure the equivalence of the direct and indirect tests the switching time from the current to the voltage circuit should be as short as possible. This paper describes a fast operating switch for use in such tests.

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Zhang, Hua, Qing Hao Wang, Ping Li, Zhi Xuan Li, Ning Zhang, Chuan Bo Liu, and Xiao Yu Cui. "Analysis of a 66kV Transformer Insulation Breakdown Accident." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.391.

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The total reflection of the wave will occur twice and the lightning over-voltage will be increased by 2 times when the lightning wave along the line reached in the disconnect switch are derived through the analysis of the accident 66kV transformer insulation breakdown. This will lead to the switch breakdown and discharge to be grounded. In this case the breaker is between the arrester and the transformer and the transformer will withstand 2 times arrester residual voltage result in the transformer breakdown. Finally, effective preventive measures combined with the practical experience are proposed.

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30

Wen, Jiayi, and Qiang Xie. "Seismic evaluation of ±800 kV UHVDC disconnect switch by shake table test." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 16 (March 1, 2019): 2772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8646.

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Hardey, Mariann, and Rowland Atkinson. "Disconnected: Non-Users of Information Communication Technologies." Sociological Research Online 23, no. 3 (April 1, 2018): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780418764736.

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Growing concern about the impact of constant, mediated connection has often focused on the ways in which technologies contribute to a ubiquitous sense of presence and interaction, and the kind of invasion that this may represent to a sense of self and privacy. Discussion about information communication technologies is increasingly converging around the need for a deepened understanding of their effect on pace of life, methods of work, consumption, and wellbeing. Counter-narratives to overwhelming hyper-connectivity have emerged as a result of these changes. Using qualitative interview data from respondents recruited from across the globe, we focus on the strategies and worldviews of those who explicitly reject the use of any information communication technologies. Our participants relate how, to varying degrees, they have elected to avoid forms of immediate connection and what they identify as the deep advantages and therapeutic benefits of such ways of being. The article responds to rising social anxieties about being locked into information communication technology ecologies and the difficulty of opting out of corporate information-exchange systems. These concerns, we argue, are generating increasing interest in how to manage information communication technologies more effectively or to switch off altogether.

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32

Kurz, Heinz D., and Neri Salvadori. "White Elephants and Other Non-basic Commodities: Piero Sraffa and Krishna Bharadwaj on the Role and Significance of the Distinction between Basics and Non-basics." Indian Economic Journal 69, no. 2 (June 2021): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662211017261.

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After the publication of Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities ( Sraffa, 1960 ), a lot of attention was devoted to ‘reswitching’, that is to the fact that a technique is cost-minimising at two disconnected ranges of the rate of profits and not so in between these ranges. We owe Krishna Bharadwaj (1970, Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik, 106, 409–429) an important contribution to the debate by stating and proving a general result concerning the maximum number of switches between two techniques that have at least one switch point on the wage-frontier. She proved that the maximum number of switches coincides with the number of distinct commodities, without double counting, that enter directly or indirectly into at least one of the alternative methods of production. This means that if the alternative methods produce a commodity that is basic in both techniques, then non-basics in both techniques play no role in this, whereas if the alternative methods produce a non-basic commodity in at least one technique, then a role is played also by those non-basics that enter directly or indirectly into the production of at least one of the alternative methods of production. JEL Code: B12, B21, B31, B51, D24, D51

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Wang, Ke Fei. "S3C2410 Microprocessor Based System for Automotive Slectronic Cruise." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5584.

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This article is designed based on Samsung's S3C2410 company as the main processor, Cruise system, using CAN bus process communication and exchange, using Real Time Embedded Systems operating system, greatly improving the system running the real-time nature and stability. Microprocessor on the sensor signals collected were processed, as confirmed when the need to open the main cruise control switch, and then to cruise speed up or slow down. Upon completion of desired goals, the disconnect cruise switch, out of cruise, the system also has fault diagnosis, and with diagnostic interface to prepare for maintenance use.

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34

Peelo, D. F. "Current Interrupting Capability of Air Break Disconnect Switches." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-6, no. 1 (January 1986): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1986.5528247.

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35

Peelo, D. F. "Current Interrupting Capability of Air Break Disconnect Switches." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1, no. 1 (1986): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.1986.4307910.

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36

Rashkes, V. S., and L. D. Ziles. "Very high frequency overvoltages at open air EHV substations during disconnect switch operations." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 11, no. 3 (July 1996): 1618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.517525.

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37

Fomin, I. N., and R. P. Belikov. "CONTROL OF A FALSE DISCONNECTION OF A SECTIONAL SWITCH IN THE RING NETWORK LINE." Bulletin of Agrarian Science 5, no. 74 (December 2018): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/issn2587-666x.2018.5.71.

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Widger, P., H. Griffiths, and A. Haddad. "Insulation strength of CF3I-CO2 gas mixtures as an alternative to SF6 in MV switch disconnectors." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 25, no. 1 (February 2018): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2018.006932.

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39

Rani, A. Sukanya, and S. Umamaheshwar. "A Smart Switch to Connect and Disconnect Electrical Devices At Home by Using Internet." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v6i2.347351.

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40

袁, 斌霞. "Comparative Study on Seismic Code of the Disconnect Switch between Chinese and American Standard." Smart Grid 07, no. 01 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/sg.2017.71001.

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41

Paolacci, Fabrizio, and Renato Giannini. "Seismic Reliability Assessment of a High-Voltage Disconnect Switch Using an Effective Fragility Analysis." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2009): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460802347448.

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42

Salas, J. E. G., R. M. Caporal, E. B. Huerta, J. J. Rodriguez, and J. J. R. Magdaleno. "A Smart Switch to Connect and Disconnect Electrical Devices at Home by Using Internet." IEEE Latin America Transactions 14, no. 4 (April 2016): 1575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2016.7483485.

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43

Lelandais, Thomas, Édouard Ravier, Stéphane Pochat, Olivier Bourgeois, Christopher Clark, Régis Mourgues, and Pierre Strzerzynski. "Modelled subglacial floods and tunnel valleys control the life cycle of transitory ice streams." Cryosphere 12, no. 8 (August 27, 2018): 2759–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2759-2018.

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Abstract. Ice streams are corridors of fast-flowing ice that control mass transfers from continental ice sheets to oceans. Their flow speeds are known to accelerate and decelerate, their activity can switch on and off, and even their locations can shift entirely. Our analogue physical experiments reveal that a life cycle incorporating evolving subglacial meltwater routing and bed erosion can govern this complex transitory behaviour. The modelled ice streams switch on and accelerate when subglacial water pockets drain as marginal outburst floods (basal decoupling). Then they decelerate when the lubricating water drainage system spontaneously organizes itself into channels that create tunnel valleys (partial basal recoupling). The ice streams surge or jump in location when these water drainage systems maintain low discharge but they ultimately switch off when tunnel valleys have expanded to develop efficient drainage systems. Beyond reconciling previously disconnected observations of modern and ancient ice streams into a single life cycle, the modelling suggests that tunnel valley development may be crucial in stabilizing portions of ice sheets during periods of climate change.

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44

Choi, Ki Seok. "Quality Assurance by the Error Cause Detecting Function in a Packet Switching System." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.593.

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Quality assurance method is required to guarantee the subscribers that their data are handled properly in a packet switching system. In order to achieve this requirement, if an error occurs in processing a packet call, the switch operator needs to find out what has caused it. In this paper, we propose a packet subscriber testing function and the error cause detecting methods which can analyze possible errors in the whole packet call handling process including call establishment, flow control parameter configuration, data transfer, reset, and call disconnection.

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45

Whittaker, Andrew S., Gregory L. Fenves, and Amir S. J. Gilani. "Seismic evaluation and analysis of high-voltage substation disconnect switches." Engineering Structures 29, no. 12 (December 2007): 3538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.07.028.

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46

Wang, Tianfeng, Xin Liu, Nan Jin, Houjun Tang, Xijun Yang, and Muhammad Ali. "Wireless Power Transfer for Battery Powering System." Electronics 7, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7090178.

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The LCL topology (formed by an LC tank with a transmitting coil) is extensively utilized in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with the features of a constant resonant current and ability to disconnect load abruptly. However, it requires high input voltage, which limits its utilization in battery powering scenarios (12~24 V). A current-fed inverter (CFI) is applied to the LCL-S (a compensation capacitor in series with the receiving coil) WPT systems to boost the input voltage, thereby getting a higher resonant current in the transmitting side (Tx). To facilitate the voltage regulation in the receiving side (Rx), a semi-active bridge (SAB) is introduced into the system, which further boosts the output voltage by a lower frequency switching at different duty ratios. Rigorous mathematical analysis of the proposed system is carried out and design guidelines are subsequently derived. Moreover, a power loss reduction is realized by zero voltage switch (ZVS) of the four switches in the Tx which are deduced and presented. Simulations and experiments are added to verify the proposed system. Consequently, a 93.3% system efficiency (DC-to-DC efficiency) is obtained using the proposed topology. Optimization techniques for a higher efficiency are included in this study.

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47

Menéndez, Oswaldo, Loreto Romero, and Fernando Auat Cheein. "Serial Switch Only Rectifier as a Power Conditioning Circuit for Electric Field Energy Harvesting." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 5279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205279.

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Because traditional electronics cannot directly use the alternating output voltage and current provided by electric field energy harvesters, harvesting systems require additional regulating and conditioning circuits. In this field, this work presents a conditioning circuit, called serial switch-only rectifier (SSOR) for low-voltage electric field energy harvesting (EFEH) applications. The proposed approach consists of a tubular topology harvester mounted on the outer jacket of a 230 V three-wires electrical cable (neutral, ground, and phase), in which terminals are connected to SSOR. We compare SSOR performance with classic electronic approaches, such as a full-bridge rectifier and voltage doubler. Experimental findings showed that the gathered energy by a 1 m cylindrical harvester increased in approximately 73.3% using the SSOR as a power management circuit. Experimental findings showed that the gathered energy by a 1 m cylindrical harvester increase in approximately 73.3% using the SSOR as a power management circuit. This increase is principally due to the fact that a serial bidirectional switch disconnects the harvester from the rest of the management circuit, enhancing the charge collection process. Although simulated results disclosed that SSOR increased collected energy for smaller-scale harvesters (experimental tests obtained using a 10 cm cylindrical harvester), additional losses in bidirectional switch reduced its performance. In addition, we introduce a comprehensive analysis of EFEH systems based on SSOR according to the mains frequency for future power systems.

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Barker, G. R. I., and E. C. Warburton. "Putting objects in context: A prefrontal–hippocampal–perirhinal cortex network." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 4 (January 2020): 239821282093762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212820937621.

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When we encounter an object, we spontaneously form associations between the object and the environment in which it was encountered. These associations can take a number of different forms, which include location and context. A neural circuit between the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex is critical for object-location and object-sequence associations; however, how this neural circuit contributes to the formation of object-context associations has not been established. Bilateral lesions were made in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex to examine each region contribution to object-context memory formation. Next, a disconnection lesion approach was used to examine the necessity of functional interactions between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex. Spontaneous tests of preferential exploration were used to assess memory for different types of object-context associations. Bilateral lesion in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex impaired performance in both an object-place-context and an object-context task. Disconnection of the hippocampus from either the medial prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex impaired performance in both the object-place-context and object-context task. Interestingly, when object recognition memory was tested with a context switch between encoding and test, performance in the hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex lesion groups was disrupted and performance in each disconnection group (i.e. hippocampus + medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus + perirhinal cortex) was significantly impaired. Overall, these experiments establish the importance of the hippocampal-medial prefrontal-perirhinal cortex circuit for the formation of object-context associations.

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Secci, Stefano, and Brunilde Sansò. "Survivability and reliability of a composite-star transport network with disconnected core switches." Telecommunication Systems 46, no. 1 (January 22, 2010): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-009-9277-3.

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50

He, Yu, Chengxiong Mao, Jiming Lu, Dan Wang, and Bing Tian. "Method to Eliminate Flux Linkage DC Component in Load Transformer for Static Transfer Switch." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/724529.

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Many industrial and commercial sensitive loads are subject to the voltage sags and interruptions. The static transfer switch (STS) based on the thyristors is applied to improve the power quality and reliability. However, the transfer will result in severe inrush current in the load transformer, because of the DC component in the magnetic flux generated in the transfer process. The inrush current which is always 2~30 p.u. can cause the disoperation of relay protective devices and bring potential damage to the transformer. The way to eliminate the DC component is to transfer the related phases when the residual flux linkage of the load transformer and the prospective flux linkage of the alternate source are equal. This paper analyzes how the flux linkage of each winding in the load transformer changes in the transfer process. Based on the residual flux linkage when the preferred source is completely disconnected, the method to calculate the proper time point to close each phase of the alternate source is developed. Simulation and laboratory experiments results are presented to show the effectiveness of the transfer method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Switch disconnector'

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