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Abu-Saymeh, Dirar. "CERL-switch : an ATM voice switch /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9904832.
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Karimi, Arash. "Switch." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125887.
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Having been looking in to the subject of future truck interior environment, the first intention was to be inspired of the extreme environment of long haul-age truck driving and improving the user needs. By looking in to the human factors in truck interiors. I wanted to show the benefits of the truck architecture possibilities and recreate it for a new future truck user. By using the main design tools like design research, sketching, full scale projection and quick user testing I could get a quick look into the complexity of current truck driver environment and proceed with developing it further. The final result is a semi-autonomous truck interior that is suited for a new type of future driver. The interior is focused on the user needs and tasks such as; autonomous management of logistics, operating routes with other truck drivers and units, enjoying spare time while not driving and also the possibility to actively taking over the control manually in case of emergency. By separating and dividing the truck interior in different divisions and user modes, such as Operational, Tactical and Strategic, that divides the specific functions above, the architecture can maintain a clear separation between work and leisure for the driver when he or she is driving or not. This way the driver could easily switch between the modes to reduce the cognitive impact of increasing future information cognitive impact, without losing the sense of control and create a safe and comfortable work environment for herself. The concept is based on the knowledge of a flexible future context that is facing the automotive industry by reducing ergonomic impact for the drivers and improving it further through the flexibility to switch between modes.
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Daneshmand, Mojgan. "Multi-Port RF MEMS Switches and Switch Matrices." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/878.
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Microwave and millimeter wave switch matrices are essential components in telecommunication systems. These matrices enhance satellite capacity by providing full and flexible interconnectivity between the received and transmitted signals and facilitate optimum utilization of system bandwidth. Waveguide and semiconductor technology are two prominent candidates for the realizing such types of switch matrices. Waveguide switches are dominant in high frequency applications of 100 ? 200 GHz and in high power satellite communication. However, their heavy and bulky profile reinforces the need for a replacement. In some applications, semiconductor switches are an alternative to mechanical waveguide switches and utilize PIN diodes to create the ON and OFF states. Although, these switches are small in size, they exhibit poor RF performance and low power handling. <br /><br /> RF MEMS technology is a good candidate to replace the conventional switches and to realize an entire switch matrix. This technology has a great potential to offer superior RF performance with miniaturized dimensions. Because of the advantages of MEMS technology numerous research studies have been devoted to develop RF MEMS switches. However, they are mostly concentrated on Single-Pole Single-Throw (SPST) configurations and very limited work has been performed on MEMS multi-port switches and switch matrices. Here, this research has been dedicated on developing multi-port RF MEMS switches and amenable interconnect networks for switch matrix applications. To explore the topic, three tasks are considered: planar (2D) multi-port RF MEMS switches, 3D multi-port RF MEMS switches, and RF MEMS switch matrix integration. <br /><br /> One key objective of this thesis is to investigate novel configurations for planar multi-port (SPNT), C-type, and R-type switches. Such switches represent the basic building blocks of switch matrices operating at microwave frequencies. An in house monolithic fabrication process dedicated to electrostatic multi-port RF MEMS switches is developed and fine tuned. The measurement results exhibit an excellent RF performance verifying the concept. Also, thermally actuated multi-port switches for satellite applications are designed and analyzed. The switch performance at room condition as well as at a very low temperature of 77K degrees (to resemble the harsh environment of satellite applications) is measured and discussed in detail. <br /><br /> For the first time, a new category of 3D RF MEMS switches is introduced to the MEMS community. These switches are not only extremely useful for high power applications but also have a great potential for high frequencies and millimetre-waves. The concept is based on the integration of vertically actuated MEMS actuators inside 3D transmission lines such as waveguides and coaxial lines. An SPST and C-type switches based on the integration of rotary thermal and electrostatic actuators are designed and realized. The concept is verified for the frequencies up to 30GHz with measured results. A high power test analysis and measurement data indicates no major change in performance as high as 13W. <br /><br /> The monolithic integration of the RF MEMS switch matrix involves the design and optimization of a unique interconnect network which is amenable to the MEMS fabrication process. While the switches and interconnect lines are fabricated on the front side, taking advantage of the back side patterning provides a high isolation for cross over junctions. Two different techniques are adopted to optimize the interconnect network. They are based on vertical three-via interconnects and electromagnetically coupled junctions. The data illustrates that for a return loss of less than -20dB up to 30GHz, an isolation of better than 40dB is obtained. This technique not only eliminates the need for expensive multilayer manufacturing process such as Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) but also provides a unique approach to fabricate the entire switch matrix monolithically.
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Hadjiahmad, Massoud. "An ATM switch using Starburst packet switch fabric." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0026/MQ34134.pdf.
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Brown, G. J. "Optical switch systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419354.
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Bhuta, Dimple. "Brain Controlled Switch." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2795.
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This study aims at designing and implementing a single channel stand-alone Brain-Controlled Switch (BCS) device, which records the electroencephalography (EEG) signals from the scalp using electrodes, amplifies it, eliminates interferences (associated with the EEG signals) and processes the EEG signals to extract and decode temporal signal features to determine user’s intention of regulating an external switch. The design of our “brain-controlled switch” device is implemented using a bio-potential amplifier and a microcontroller. The bio-potential amplifier amplifies the EEG signals to a level sufficient for processing, eliminates interferences and ensures patient safety. The microcontroller (dsPIC30F4013) digitizes the amplified and conditioned analog EEG signals from the bio-potential amplifier, extracts the desired signal features for decoding and prediction of user’s intention and accordingly operates the external switch. When the user concentrates on an external visual stimulus or performs externally triggered movement (hand movement or motor imagery movement), a reproducible pattern appears in user’s EEG frequency bands. The analysis of these patterns is used to decode and predict user’s intention to operate an external switch. To realize our “brain-controlled switch”, we explored two EEG sources: steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) and beta rebounds, which are patterns generated in the EEG frequency bands associated with focusing on an external visual stimulus or performing externally triggered movements. In case of SSVEP based brain controlled switch, a repetitive visual stimulus (LED flickering at a specified frequency) was used. When the user concentrates on the flickering LED, a dominant fundamental frequency (equivalent to the flickering frequency) appears in the spectral representation of the EEG signals recorded at occipital lobes. Our microcontroller implemented a digital band pass filter to extract the frequency band containing this fundamental frequency and continuously took an average of the amplitude power every predetermined time interval. Whenever the amplitude average power exceeded the preset power threshold the external switch was turned ON. A healthy subject participated in this study, and it took approximately 3.14 ± 1.81 seconds of active concentration for the subject to turn ON the switch in real time with a false positive rate of 1.17%. In case of beta rebound based brain controlled switch, the subject was instructed to perform a brisk hand movement following an external synchronization signal. Our design focused on the post-movement beta rebound which occurs after the cessation of the movement to operate the external switch. Our microcontroller in this case implemented a digital band pass filter to extract the beta band and continuously took an average of its amplitude power every predetermined time interval. Whenever the amplitude average power exceeded the preset power threshold the external switch was turned ON. It took approximately 12.23 ± 7.39 seconds of active urging time by the subject to turn ON the switch in real time with a false positive rate of 9.33%. Thus we have designed a novel stand-alone BCS device which operates an external switch by decoding and predicting user’s intentions.
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Jomah, Adel M. "Instability in switching systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322593.
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Gribble, Simeon S., and Earl R. Switzer. "SWITCHING TO THE FUTURE OF RANGE COMMUNICATIONS AT EDWARDS AFB." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607599.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>The Edwards Digital Switch (EDS) provides mission critical voice and time-spaceposition information (TSPI) communication switching capability to the Edwards Test Range. The present system has been in operation for about 10 years. The core of this system is based on widely used commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) time-slot interchange switches that were designed for a 40-year service life. The application layers of the system, comprising the command/control elements and the communications and user interfaces, were custom developed by the prime contractor to satisfy the performance requirements of the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC). Problems with the current system include difficulty in obtaining replacement items for equipment developed by the prime contractor and higher than expected failure rates for this equipment. Based on experience, the service life for the equipment developed by the prime contractor appears to be about 15 years. Another problem is that lower cost packet switches are taking market share from the more traditional time-slot interchange switches. This factor tends to accelerate the obsolescence of the existing COTS equipment. Solutions are being investigated to update or replace the EDS. One solution is to reuse the existing COTS core equipment and replace the present application layers, preferably with COTS. Another solution is to replace the entire system with COTS or vendormodified COTS hardware and software.
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Dimitrakopoulos, Nikolaos. "Electromagnetic MEMS RF Switch." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485179.
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This thesis describes the design, fabrication and test of an electromagne~ically actuated RF MEMS switch. The actuator was fabricated using two different wafers. The first is steel where the coil is been made with a soft magnetic material forming an inner and an outer pole. On the saine wafer the transmission line and'the beam support are present. Silicon has been used as the second wafer to fabricate the mover. The mover consists of the same soft magnetic material as used for the pot core. The switch contact along with the soft magnet is held by a fixed-fixed SU-8 beam. The mover is finally been released from the silicon wafer and dropped on the actuator using the traditio!1al flip chip method. SU-8 which is a negative tone photoresist has been extensively used in this project. .,- Firstly by using standard lithography methods, it has been patterned to form a mould for the coil. Secondly it provides a dielectric as the transmission line is fabricated on top of it. Then it has been used as a mixture with particles of Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni). This soft magnetic composite is used for the inner and outer poles of the pot core and also as the magnet that sits on top of the coilto form the mover. Finally SU-8 forms the fixed-fixed beam and its support underneath. In this work there are a number of combinations presented as far as the device is· concerned. There are 28 ~witches accommodated on a 2 inch wafer. The footprint of each .device is 5x4 mm2 mainly due to the beam length. Microstrip and cpw MEMS switches have been fabricated with the latter using both a series and a shunt configuration. The isolation using a 100 J.1m break between the signal lines was measured to be 44.7 dB although the simulated model estimated 54 dBs at 10 GHz. The insertion loss for a cpw series switch was measured to be 0.38 dB at the same frequency. The switching on and off time of the device was measured to be 7 ms and 1 J.1S respectively. The coil requires a 1.2 A current to actuate the mover from a 50 J.1m distance.
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Youssef, Ahmed H., Stuart A. McNamee, and Dalphana Bowman. "DIGITAL SWITCH SUSTAINMENT PROGRAM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607578.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>This paper describes the status of the Edwards Digital Switch (EDS) [1] and the success of
the Digital Switch Sustainment Program (DSSP); a multi-service program aimed at cost-effective
means for providing maintenance and development of an advanced digital
switching system. This digital communications switching system is deployed at the mission
control centers of Edwards AFB, Eglin AFB, and China Lake Naval Air Warfare Center
(NAWC). Each system provides the test ranges with mission-critical voice
communications and Time Space Position Information (TSPI) switching. Through user-friendly
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), the switch provides exceptional resource
management of radios, telephones, user positions, secure communications, radars,
trackers, 4-wire Ear & Mouth (E&M) devices, subscriber services, and other equipment.
Developed using commercial equipment, such as the Lucent Technologies Digital Access
and Cross-Connect System (DACS) II, the digital switch can integrate and interface with
the technologies of other test ranges and customers.
The DSSP sustaining engineering contract, a $10M contract awarded in 1997, is a multi-service
effort in supporting cost effective maintenance and enhancement for the systems’
software and hardware. Eglin and China Lake have agreed to participate in a Digital
Switch Working Group (DSWG) to ensure that this configuration management is in place
and that all players follow the same system migration path. These ranges and other
interested ranges that agree to purchase systems off the contract and participate in the
working group will continue to derive benefits by reducing overhead and eliminating the
duplication of effort involved in separate endeavors.
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McNeil-Watson, Graham. "Phase switch Monte Carlo." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486842.
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Computational studies of phase behaviour have always proved difficult, since phase . transitions are inherently slow processes compared to accessible simulation timescales. Despite valiant efforts by researchers there remains a dearth of efficient, robust and scalable methods for determining phase equilibria,· especially in the case of fluid-crystalline solid transitions. This thesis is about such phase coexistence problems, the existing solutions, and more advanced methods that have only recently come into their own. ... Extended sampling methods are examined in detail, and applied to a testbed system, the critical point Lennard-Jones fluid, leading to an estimate of the system free energy in the thermodynamic limit. Then a comparatively new technique, phase switch Monte Carlo (Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5138) is applied initially to the venerable hard sphere system. The method overcomes many of the shortcomings present in other works by directly connecting the coexisting phases in a single simulation, and doing so without creating an artificial inter-phase route but rather affecting a direct 'phase leap' from one phase to the other. Finally, phase switch is generalised to soft potentials and applied to the Lennard-Jones freezing transition, resulting in an extensive mapping of the phase boundary for a variety of system sizes (J. Chern. Phys 124, 064504).
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Rossek, Sacha J. "Direct optical control of a microwave phase shifter using GaAs field-effect transistors." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1995. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/10682/.
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The design and analysis of a novel optical-to-microwave transducer based upon direct optical control of microwave gallium arsenide (GaAs) field-effect transistor (FET) switches is the subject of this thesis. The switch is activated by illuminating the gate depletion region of the FET device with laser light having a photon energy and wavelength appropriate to the generation of free carriers (electron-hole pairs) within GaAs. The effects of light on the DC and microwave properties of the GaAs FET are explored and analyzed to permit the characterization of the switching performance and transient response of a reflective microwave switch. The switch is novel in that it utilizes direct optical control, whereby the optically controlled GaAs FET is directly in the path of the microwave signal and therefore relies on optically-induced variations in the microwave characteristics of the switch. This contrasts with previous forms of optically controlled switches which rely on indirect methods with the optical stimulus inducing variations in the DC characteristics of the GaAs FET, such that there is no direct interaction between the optically illuminated GaAs FET and the microwave signal. Measured and simulated results relating to the switching performance and transient response of the direct optically controlled microwave switch have been obtained and published as a result of this work. For the first time, good agreement is achieved between the measured and simulated results for the rise and fall times associated with the transient response of the gate photovoltaic effect in optically controlled GaAs FET switches. This confirms that the GaAs FET, when used as an optically controlled microwave switch, has a transient response of the order of several micro-seconds. An enhanced model of the GaAs FET switch has been developed, which represents a more versatile approach and leads to improved accuracy in predicting switching performance. This approach has been shown to be valid for both optical and electrical control of the GaAs FET. This approach can be used to model GaAs FET switches in discrete or packaged forms and predicts accurately the occurrence of resonances which may degrade the switch performance in both switching states. A novel method for tuning these resonances out of the switch operating band has been developed and published. This allows the switch to be configured to operate over the frequency range 1 to 20 GRz. The agreement between the models and measured data has been shown to hold for two very different GaAs FET structures. The results of the direct optically controlled microwave GaAs FET switch have been used as the basis for the design of a novel direct optically controlled microwave phase shifter circuit; Measured and simulated results are in good agreement and verify that the performance of the optically controlled phase shifter is comparable with previously published results for electrically controlled versions of the phase shifter. The 10 GRz phase shifter was optically controlled over a 1 GRz frequency range and exhibited a mid-band insertion loss of 0.15 dB. The outcome of the work provides the basis for directly controlling the phase of a microwave signal using the output of an optical sensor, with the GaAs FET acting as an optical-to-microwave transducer through a monolithic interface.
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Chu, Kan Man. "Cascode voltage switch logic circuits." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26283.
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Cascode voltage switch (CVS) logic is a CMOS circuit technique which has potential advantages over conventional NAND/NOR logic in terms of circuit delay, layout density, power dissipation and logic flexibility. This thesis presents two new procedures for constructing differential CVS circuits to perform random logic functions. The first procedure makes use of a Karnaugh map and the second procedure is a tabular method based on the Quine-McCluskey approach. Both static and dynamic circuit techniques employing the CVS logic concept are discussed. Some wiring and layout methods based on theoretical graph models are presented to ensure the wirability of CVS circuits. An 8x8 NORA CVS multiplier has been designed using the 3μm CMOS technology of Northern Telecom. The chip measures 4mm by 4mm and simulations indicate that it can be run at a throughput rate of 50MHz.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Lagerbäck, Findus. "Charging Switch for two batteries." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93588.
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Uppgiften är att utveckla och tillverka en prototyp till en laddningsomkopplare för 12 V. Att parallellkoppla blybatterier med olika kapacitet eller kondition kan medföra problem. Därför ska en omkopplare byggas, som kopplar om laddströmmen från regulatorn till två batterier så att de kan laddas automatiskt utan att behöva parallellkopplas. Den kopplar ihop laddningsregulatorn med det batteri som ska hållas fulladdat (hädanefter kallat primärbatteriet), så länge detta inte uppnått full spänning. När det är fulladdat kopplar omkopplaren laddningsregulatorn till det andra batteriet (hädanefter kallat sekundärbatteriet). Om primärbatteriets spänning sjunker, p.g.a. energiuttag, kopplar omkopplaren tillbaka laddningsregulatorn till det, så att det hålls fulladdat. Laddningsomkopplarens omkopplingsspänning kan ställas in med en potentiometer och spänningsskillnaden mellan till- och frånslag med en annan. Laddningsomkopplaren är avsedd att användas tillsammans med solceller, men kan även användas med andra strömkällor. Liknande anordningar för specifika laddningsregulatorer finns redan på marknaden, men den laddningsomkopplare som utvecklas i detta examensarbete kan kopplas till godtycklig laddningsregulator för 12V-blybatterier.
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Bjurdelius, Andreas, Pierre Bjurdelius, and Alexander Blomqvist. "Automated Router and Switch Backup." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-24548.
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Today's companies are growing in a steady pace, with more and more network devices added to the network it is very important to keep track of and monitor the status of devices. Even though the wireless evolution has come, it all depends on the wired connections to supply a continuous connection to the rest of the world. This thesis explores, tests and informs about creating a functional system that automatically creates backups of configuration files from network devices and how to troubleshoot networking problems and maintain a network to keep it in good shape. Even though many companies have manual backups of router and switch configurations, the possibility to have this part automated should be desired by most companies. It can open up for the administrators in the company to have more time over to help the employees that are experiencing problems at the same time as the automated system eliminates the possible errors that a human can cause. Of course one can see it the other way, that it takes away manual labor for the employees, but it is just a small part of the job yet it is so very important that making this service automated is a good choice for a company. Integrity is proven by the means of backups and by the option to see the difference between the previous backups and the most recent. The three of us have worked as a group to do all tests and to write the documentation. After working with a couple of companies it is clear that well functional backup systems of network devices are not as common as it should be. Companies that do take backups of the network devices often do this manually. When seeing this it makes sense to use a reliable system that uses revision handling so it is easy to see the recent changes made to the devices. The results ended up in a working automated backup system for routers and switches. The automated system is running Debian and connects to all the routers and switches in the network to collect the configuration files with the help of rancid. The thesis also explains the functions of concepts such as disaster recovery and different maintenance models.
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Switzer, Earl R., and Erwin H. Straehley. "Edwards Digital Switch System Overview." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611928.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>The Edwards Digital Switch (EDS) is a digital communication system that provides advanced voice networking capabilities to the Edwards Test Range. The EDS is a member of a new family of all-digital switching systems that internally handle data in digital form. To accommodate analog voice and data circuits, conversions between analog and digital formats occur at the system interfaces. The EDS consists of six groups of configuration items: System-level control and monitoring is centralized in the Control and Display Subsystem. Workstations provide subsystem-level control and monitoring. The Central Switching Subsystem, as the primary interface with the range environment, provides system connectivity to radios, telephone circuits, and communications links to other facilities. It integrates the EDS with links to the Control Room Switching Subsystems. Each Control Room Switching Subsystem connects individual user stations within a Mission Control Room or other localized area. The user equipment element consists of a Subscriber Terminal Unit, Channel Expander, and interface panels for headsets, foot switches, and speakers. The Remote Radio Control Unit optimizes usage of available frequencies, allowing control of tunable radios from the Control and Display Subsystem. *The original name, Edwards Communication Switching System (ECSS) was changed to Edwards Digital Switch (EDS) in 1990. The Site Selection Unit facilitates the handover of voice communications between receiver sites when a long-range test is monitored. The system architecture is based on a central system-level control element, a central switch, multiple subsystem-level control elements, multiple subsystem switches, and end-equipment items that are interconnected through the switch network. The EDS combines multiple voice communications applications in a single system. The system is being expanded to integrate voice and data switching. Its major function is support of multiparty networked voice communications within Mission Control Rooms and between other test participants. Other voice functions are an intercom capability including both Direct Access (hot line) and Indirect Access (dial-up), subscriber loop connections to the base-level telephone exchange, and the Public Switched Network System. Digital interfaces allow integration of ciphertext data and Time Space Position Information data switching functions. A system based on the EDS design has also been installed by the Air Force at Eglin AFB. Engineering studies for systems that make use of the EDS design are currently underway by the Navy at China Lake and the Army at White Sands Missile Range. The EDS project office has actively pursued promising program management concepts such as: specifying nondevelopmental items, requiring industry standard interconnectivity and interoperability, and using a multiyear fixed-price requirements-type contract to encourage multiservice participation.
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Лопаткін, Юрій Михайлович, Юрий Михайлович Лопаткин, Yurii Mykhailovych Lopatkin, A. G. Malashenko, Yu A. Shevchenko, and T. N. Sakun. "Prototype of Stable Molecular Switch." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45768.
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One of the goals of molecular electronics is search of structures that can serve as the memory elements, switches, transistors and etc.
As molecular switch may be a molecule which has two conformations, the transition between them is made by an external exposure, for example, the electric field of different polarity. In order to work of element was stable, the molecule must has sufficiently high potential barrier between the two stable states.
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Pekkanen, Peter, and David Söderman. "Network Hardening of Multilayer Switch." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54674.
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In today’s computer networking and industrial networking, security holds a significant role in keeping the entire network safe from malicious users or attackers from remote locations. Using vulnerability scanners and a port scanner it is possible to detect vulnerabilities on the network equipment before an attacker finds the vulnerability and exploits it. In this thesis network hardening has been conducted through a case study on a multilayer switch, with the intent to discover vulnerabilities related to gaining unauthorized access to the device during operation. The tools included in this process involves vulnerability scanner Nessus, Metasploit project and Nmap to cover a wide scope of known vulnerabilities detectable with these tools. The results gathered from the vulnerability scans detects vulnerabilities on the device of various types that could assist an attacker, as they tried to breach the device, this method to approach network hardening shows that different types of vulnerabilities can be detected on the device. To be able to detect more in-depths vulnerabilities and being able to track distinct attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS) additional tools needs to be added to cover a wider scope of attack vectors on the device. With further enhancements to the set of tools to detect vulnerabilities, it will be able to cover a much larger scope of different attack vectors and contribute more towards finding vulnerabilities.
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Rising, David P. "Switch reference in Koasati discourse." Dallas : Arlington : Summer Institute of Linguistics ; University of Texas at Arlington, 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=RClZAAAAMAAJ.
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Stirling, Lesley. "Switch-reference and discourse representation /." Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355871743.
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Rice, Alexander Harrison. "Switch-Reference in Pastaza Kichwa." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7322.
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Pastaza Kichwa is a Quechuan language spoken in eastern Ecuador. This thesis describes its use of switch-reference which is traditionally understood to be an interclausal cross-referencing feature. Switch-reference is manifested by one of two morphemes that mark a subordinate clause as having either the same or different subject as another clause. Switch-reference has been described for other Quechuan languages and some of these studies present challenges to the theoretical underpinnings of switch reference (Stewart 1988, Dreidemie 2007) others present associated functions of switch-reference morphemes (Cole 1982). This study tests some of the propositions made about switch-reference in other Quechuan languages in Pastaza Kichwa.The data comes from the Corpus of Pastaza Kichwa which is a collection of 40 narrative texts. A broad statistical analysis of the switch-reference morphemes in the forty texts verified a distributional pattern posited by Stewart (1988). A sample of five texts was used for a closer in context analysis to examine adherence to proposed typological rules of canonical switch-reference, to test Stewart<'>s (1988) motivation for counter examples, and test additional functions proposed by Cole (1982).Analysis and results indicate that switch-reference in Pastaza Kichwa does not obey all of the typological rules of canonical switch-reference. Stewart<'>s proposed motivation proved inapplicable and potentially problematic, and that associated functions of switch-reference markers are due more to contextual factors rather than specific constructions.
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Zhang, Tingting. "Elucidating Mechanisms of IgH Class Switch Recombination Involving Switch Regions and Double Strand Break Joining." Thesis, Harvard University, 2011. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10047.
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During IgH class switch recombination (CSR) in mature B lymphocytes, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) within switch (S) regions flanking different sets of the IgH locus (IgH) constant \((C_H)\) region exons. End-Joining of DSBs in the upstream donor S region (Sm) to DSBs in a downstream acceptor S region \((S_{acc})\) replaces the initial set of \(C_H\) exons, Cm, with a set of downstream \(C_H\) exons, leading to Ig class switching from IgM to another IgH class (e.g., IgG, IgE, or IgA). In addition to joining to DSBs within another S region, AID-induced DSBs within a given S region are often rejoined or joined to other DSBs in the same S region to form internal switch deletions (ISDs). ISDs were frequently observed in Sm but rarely in \(S_{acc}s\), suggesting that AID targeting to \(S_{acc}s\) requires prior recruitment to Sm. To test this hypothesis, we assessed CSR and ISDs in B cells lacking Sm and found that AID frequently targets downstream \(S_{acc}s\) independently of Sm. These studies also led us to propose an alternative pathway of "downstream" IgE class switching that involves joining of DSBs within the downstream \(S\gamma1\) and \(S\epsilon\) regions as a first step before joining of \(S\mu\) to the hybrid downstream S region. To further elucidate the CSR mechanism, we addressed the long-standing question of whether S region DSBs during CSR involves a direction-specific mechanism similar to joining of RAG1/2 endonuclease-generated DSBs during V(D)J recombination. We used an unbiased high throughput method to isolate junctions between I-SceI meganuclease-generated DSBs at a target site that replaces the IgH \(S\gamma1\) region and other genomic DSBs of endogenous origin. Remarkably, we found that the I-SceI-generated DSBs were joined to both upstream DSBs in \(S\mu\) and downstream DSBs in \(S\epsilon\) predominantly in orientations associated with joining during productive CSR. This process required the DSB response factor 53BP1 to maintain the orientation-dependence, but not the overall levels, of joining between these widely separated IgH breaks. We propose that CSR exploits a mechanism involving 53BP1 to enhance directional joining of DSBs within IgH in an orientation that leads to productive CSR.
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Panchakshari, Rohit. "Investigating Mechanisms of DNA Double Strand Break Joining of Switch Regions During IgH Class Switch Recombination." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493369.
Full textAbstract:
During B cell development, RAG endonuclease cleaves immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) V, D, and J gene segments and orchestrates their fusion as deletional events that assemble a V(D)J exon in the same transcriptional orientation as adjacent Cμ constant region exons. In mice, six additional sets of constant region exons (CHs) lie 100–200 kilobases downstream in the same transcriptional orientation as V(D)J and Cμ exons. Long repetitive switch (S) regions precede Cμ and downstream CHs. In mature B cells, class switch recombination (CSR) generates different antibody classes by replacing Cμ with a downstream CH. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates CSR by promoting deoxycytidine deamination lesions within Sμ and a downstream acceptor S-region; these lesions are converted into DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by general DNA repair factors which are then joined by end-joining pathways. Productive CSR must occur in a deletional orientation by joining the upstream end of an Sμ DSB to the downstream end of an acceptor S-region DSB. However, the relative frequency of deletional to inversional CSR junctions has not been measured. Thus, whether orientation-specific joining is a programmed mechanistic feature of CSR as it is for V(D)J recombination and, if so, how this is achieved is unknown. To address this question, we adapt high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing (HTGTS) into a highly sensitive DSB end-joining assay and apply it to endogenous AID-initiated S-region in mouse B cells. We show that CSR is programmed to occur in a productive deletional orientation and does so via an unprecedented mechanism that involves in cis IgH organizational features in combination with frequent S-region DSBs initiated by AID. We further implicate ATM-kinase-dependent DSB-response (DSBR) factors including histone variant H2AX, 53BP1 and its associated effector protein Rif1 in enforcing this mechanism.
We go on to use HTGTS to study influence of different DSBR factor deficiencies on the structure of CSR junctions between AID-initiated DSBs in the 5' portion of the donor Sμ region to those across the length of downstream acceptor S regions. Based on analyses of thousands of switch junctions, we find that absence of DSBR factors leads to varying increases in micro-homology (MH)-mediated junctions, with 53BP1-deficiency having the greatest increase. However, while translocation junctions between Cas-9/gRNA-induced DSB in c-myc to AID-initiated S region DSBs in ATM- or 53BP1-deficient B cells show similar biases in MH-usage to those observed in the context CSR junctions, translocation junctions to other general DSBs genome-wide had no MH-usage increase in ATM-deficient cells and only a modest increase in 53BP1-deficient cells. We discuss these findings with respect to potential roles of AID-initiated DSBs in S regions to be especially prone to MH-usage potentially due to their increased resection along with their highly repetitive nature that provides abundant micro-homologous sequence.<br>Medical Sciences
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Graham, Michael C. "A counterpulsed, solid-state opening switch." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FGraham.pdf.
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Tai, Feng-i. "Photochromic molecules in polymer switch diodes." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6810.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Photochromism has been investigated extensively during recent years. The large interest for information storage in memory applications is associated with the bi-stable character of the photochromism phenomena. In molecular photochromics, two isomers with different absorption spectrum can be obtained according to the specific wavelength of the light exposure. This reversible transformation process can be considered as optical writing/erasing step of a memory.</p><p>Here we first report the absorption spectra of solid-state films based on the blends consisting of PC molecules, the spirooxazine 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[2H-indole-2,3’-[3H]phenanthr[9,10-b](1,4)oxazine] (PIII, Sigma-Aldrich, 32,256-3) and a polymer matrix host, poly(2-methoxy-5(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV). The bi-stability in conjugated polymer matrix is studied by following the time evolution of the optical properties of the blends.</p><p>Thereafter, the electrical performance of PC-polymer diodes is characterized and reported. While the PIII molecules in the blend bulks are switched to their low energy gap state, forming external energy levels above the valence band of MEH-PPV, the injected charges (hole-dominated) will be trapped by the low energy gap isomer of PIII and that leads to current modulation. PIII molecules can be switched between two energy gap states upon the photo-stimulation, and the I-V characteristics of the device can also be controlled reversibly via the photoisomerization. The retention time of the diode’s electrical switching fits quite well with the absorption characteristics of the blend films; this correspondence builds a good link between the film property and the device behavior.</p><p>Furthermore, we observed a two-trap system in the blend diodes from the I-V curves, and a model is proposed which can explain the schematic concept of the trap-limited current modulation. To combine the knowledge and information from the investigations above, we tested a novel device design based on a bi-layer of the PC and polymer materials, and the promising result for future work is presented in the end.</p>
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Chen, Hong Xu, and n/a. "A high performance ATM switch architecture." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070405.172354.
Full textAbstract:
ATM is based on the efforts of the ITU-T Broadband Integrated Services Digital
Network (B-ISDN) standard. It was originally conceived as a high-speed transfer
technology for voice, video, and data over public networks. The ATM Forum has
broadened the ITU-T�s vision of ATM for extended use over public and private networks,
multi-protocol support and mobile ATM. There are also some ATM applications in High
Performance Computing (HPC).
ATM is a packet switching technique based on a virtual circuit mechanism. Data
flows are statistically multiplexed and communication resources are dynamically shared.
Therefore the high performance ATM switch is essential for quality of services (QoS).
This thesis introduces typical ATM switch architecture design and analyses
design problems. The research objective is to propose a switch architecture design that
can solve or improve those existing problems to achieve a superior performance. The
research goal is an integrated ATM switch architecture that will handle both unicast and
multicast packets. Unlike the usual design for the multicast ATM switch which
concentrates on a cell copy network with a unicast switching network, the proposed
switch architecture processes the network packets in a single switching block, and allows
unicast and multicast packets to co-exist without competing. The switch design has a
simple topology and operation principle and is easy to implement. Furthermore, no copy
network is required. Three major components are proposed to form the core of the new
switch architecture: the parallel buffering strategy for improved buffer performance, the
fast table lookup algorithm for packet duplication and routing, and the relay ring
controller for solving the contention problem associated with multiple packets destined
for the same output port.
A mathematical model is presented and its numerical results are analysed. In
addition, the simulation algorithms for the proposed switching design are presented and
compared against the switching design with input and output buffering strategies. The
simulation results are also compared and analysed against the numerical results.
A multicast traffic model is also presented. Its performance calculation for the
proposed switch is achieved through simulation. Performance analysis is compared
against the output buffering switch under the same multicast traffic model.
The performance analysis shows that the proposed switch architecture achieves
high throughput with low cell loss rate and low time delay. Its performance can be as
good as the output buffering strategy or better. Therefore the proposed switch design has
solved the problems associated with input and output buffering.
This thesis also analyses the complexity of the proposed switch architecture and
suggests a topology to build a large scale ATM switch. The suitability and feasibility for
production implementation are also addressed.
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Chen, Hong Xu. "A high performance ATM switch architecture." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070405.172354/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Information & Communication Technologies, 2006.<br>A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. Typescript. Bibliography p. ?? Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-142).
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Pogue, Paul F. P. "Switch : the lives of Club DOMINION." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1337202.
Full textAbstract:
A unique cultural artifact, the bondage club known as Club DOMINION, existed in Muncie, Ind., from 1997 to 2001.This project is a 25,000-word work of literary journalism detailing the four years of DOMINION's existence and the inner lives of its participants. Using techniques of interviews, observation, and immersion journalism inspired by the work of Tom Wolfe, Gay Talese, and John McPhee, it tells the story of the founder of the club, known as Moth, and her close-knit circle of friends.The project also acts as an ethnographic study of a distinctive subculture operating in a conservative Midwestern community.<br>Department of Journalism
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Raby, P. S. "Optimisation of multi-purpose switch centres." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377588.
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Tai, Feng-I. "Photochromic molecules in polymer switch diodes." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6810.
Full textAbstract:
Photochromism has been investigated extensively during recent years. The large interest for information storage in memory applications is associated with the bi-stable character of the photochromism phenomena. In molecular photochromics, two isomers with different absorption spectrum can be obtained according to the specific wavelength of the light exposure. This reversible transformation process can be considered as optical writing/erasing step of a memory. Here we first report the absorption spectra of solid-state films based on the blends consisting of PC molecules, the spirooxazine 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[2H-indole-2,3’-[3H]phenanthr[9,10-b](1,4)oxazine] (PIII, Sigma-Aldrich, 32,256-3) and a polymer matrix host, poly(2-methoxy-5(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV). The bi-stability in conjugated polymer matrix is studied by following the time evolution of the optical properties of the blends. Thereafter, the electrical performance of PC-polymer diodes is characterized and reported. While the PIII molecules in the blend bulks are switched to their low energy gap state, forming external energy levels above the valence band of MEH-PPV, the injected charges (hole-dominated) will be trapped by the low energy gap isomer of PIII and that leads to current modulation. PIII molecules can be switched between two energy gap states upon the photo-stimulation, and the I-V characteristics of the device can also be controlled reversibly via the photoisomerization. The retention time of the diode’s electrical switching fits quite well with the absorption characteristics of the blend films; this correspondence builds a good link between the film property and the device behavior. Furthermore, we observed a two-trap system in the blend diodes from the I-V curves, and a model is proposed which can explain the schematic concept of the trap-limited current modulation. To combine the knowledge and information from the investigations above, we tested a novel device design based on a bi-layer of the PC and polymer materials, and the promising result for future work is presented in the end.
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Girone, Michael John 1978. "Tracking switch fluid policies : bounding lookahead." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87174.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-30).<br>by Michael John Girone.<br>S.M.
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Mukherji, Shankar 1982. "The dynamics of enzymatic switch cascades." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32747.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics; and, (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 67).<br>We examine the dynamics of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) multi-step enzymatic switching cascade, a highly conserved architecture utilised in cellular signal transduction. In treating the equations of motion, we replace the usual deterministic differential equation formalism with stochastic equations to accurately model the 'effective collisions' picture of the biochemical reactions that constitute the network. Furthermore we measure the fidelity of the signaling process through the mutual information content between the output of a given switch and the original environmental input to the system. We find that the enzymatic switches act as low-pass filters, with each switch in the cascade able to average over high frequency stochastic fluctuations in the network and throughput cleaner signals to downstream switches. We find optimal regions of mutual information transfer with respect to reaction velocity and species number parameters, and observe the dynamical memory-gain and memory-loss as well as decay in mutual information in quadruple-linked switch systems.<br>by Shankar Mukherji.<br>S.B.
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Nonato, Rafael. "Clause chaining, switch reference and coordination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87499.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-152).<br>In this thesis I ponder over a constellation of phenomena that revolve around switch reference and coordination, drawing mainly on their instantiation in Kisedje (Je, Brazil). I start by investigating Klsedje's case system. In this language there is a case split along the finite/non-finite axis. I argue that nominative is assigned by INFL, whereas ergative is assigned to the subject of INFL-less clauses. Importantly, the particles I take to instantiated INFL in Kisedje don't have tense semantics, but rather modal semantics. Investigating other properties of this modal INFL in Klsedje, I can determine the fine structure of its clause. This knowledge allows me to argue that the construction that has been identified elsewhere as clause chaining is actually asymmetric clausal coordination. The special properties that seem to distinguish clause chaining from asymmetric clausal coordination are argued to fall out from the structure of the clause in Kisedje. I further propose that the same type of structure is found in the other languages where asymmetric coordination has been called clause chaining. Asymmetric clausal coordination in Kisedje features morphology which indicates whether adjacent conjuncts have the same or different subjects (switch-reference marking). Important evidence for understanding how switch-reference is computed will come from the study of a deletion phenomenon that happens in the neighborhood of switch-reference markers in Kisedje. Besides isolating evidence for a direct agreement relation between switch-reference marking conjunction and the subject of one of the conjuncts, this study makes a contribution to the theory of morphology. Knowing the structure of the clause in Kisedje and the featural composition of switch-reference markers allows me to support a specific theory of switch-reference computation. Given this theory, I argue that asymmetric coordination (the kind of coordination where switch-reference is marked) instances an X-structure, whereas symmetric coordination (which can't be marked for switchreference) instances a flat structure. Such structural difference also allows me to explain other differences between symmetric and asymmetric coordination. Thesis Supervisor:<br>by Rafael Nonato.<br>Ph. D.
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Lagebjer, Kekkonen Mikaela. "Development of an electromechanical vacuum switch." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183531.
Full textAbstract:
Pneumatic vacuum systems are today used in automated manufacturing and packaging industries. Before an automated system is allowed to lift an object the control system has to get a good to go signal that informs that the desired vacuum level is reached in the gripper and that it is able to lift the object. The device sending this signal is called a vacuum switch. To reduce the energy consumption of the system the vacuum switch should also send a signal to the energy saving system. The work is conducted for Piab AB in Täby in Sweden. The purpose of this master thesis was to dimension and design a new electromechanical vacuum switch that is able to send a signal from two vacuum levels. The two levels should be adjustable but also dependent of each other to make the switch more reliable. The work resulted in an electromechanical vacuum switch with two dependent and adjustable signals. The switch met 13 of the 15 tested requirements. One of the requirements it failed to meet was the height requirement and the other was a performance parameter which it marginally failed. Further more, all requirements could not be verified. A full verification will have to be done with a later prototype. More work has to be done on the switch before it meets all the requirements and functions as desired, but the purpose can be considered fulfilled since all the basic functions are working as desired.<br>Pneumatiska vakuumsystem används idag inom automatiserade industrier. Innan ett automatiserat system är tillåtet att lyfta ett objekt måste kontrollsystemet få en OK signal som informerar om att den önskade vakuumnivån är uppnåd i gripdonet. Enheten som skickar OK signalen kallas en vakuumvakt. För att hålla nere på systemets energikonsumtion ska vakuumvakten även skicka en signal till energisparsystemet. Arbetet är utfört på Piab AB i Täby i Sverige. Syftet med det här examensarbetet var att dimensionera och konstruera en ny elektromekanisk vakuumvakt som kan skicka en signal från två olika vakuumnivåer. Dessa två vakuumnivåer ska vara justerbara men också beroende av varandra för att göra vakuumvakten mer pålitlig. Arbetet resulterade i en elektromekanisk vakuumvakt med två justerbara och beroende av varandra vakuumnivåer. Vakten uppfyllde 13 av 15 testade krav. En av de krav den inte klarade av att uppfylla var höjdbegränsningen, det andra kravet missade vakten marginellt och det var ett prestandakrav. Alla krav kunde inte verifieras, en fullständig verifikation av de specifierade kraven bör göras med en senare prototyp. Mer arbete behöver läggas ner på vakten innan den uppfyller alla krav och fungerar som önskat, men syftet med arbetet kan fortfarande anses vara uppfyllt eftersom alla grundläggande funktioner fungerar som det är tänkt.
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Eslinger, Brian. "Synchronization of the Edwards Digital Switch." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611935.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>The Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) at Edwards, California has installed the Edwards Digital Switch (EDS). The EDS is a DS-1 switch capable of switching voice, encrypted voice, and Time Space Position Information (TSPI) data. Communicating encrypted voice and TSPI data reliably from the EDS to any other communication system requires the two systems operate using the same frequency reference. The need to communicate with other test ranges and over commercially leased lines using the EDS requires synchronization to a standard frequency source. The current synchronization method used at the AFFTC is unacceptable for the EDS. A hierarchal system of synchronization networking will be implemented to provide a common reference to each of the systems interfacing the EDS. The Master Timing Station (MTS), which provides synchronization reference to most of the AFFTC resources, is aging and must be upgraded. The upgrade of the MTS and the restructuring of the synchronization signal distribution will be completed simultaneously. Traceability to the United States Naval Observatory (USNO) and the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) is required to provide the necessary synchronization to allow the EDS to interface reliably with other systems. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is being considered as the primary source for frequency calibration traceable to the USNO and NBS.
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Shih-HaoYe and 葉士豪. "Switch Angle Control for Switched Reluctance Motor." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rp8jm2.
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Hsu, Po-Chun, and 許博鈞. "Efficient Switch scheduling for Circuit-Switched On-Chip Networks." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76297397492062974429.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>93<br>System-on-chip (SoC) design provides integrated solutions to many applications such as computer systems, telecommunications, multimedia, consumer electronics, etc. One of the major challenges of designing a SoC chip is the communication architecture between heterogeneous components running different frequencies and possessing different characteristics. Most of the current communication architectures in SoC are based on dedicated wires and buses. As systems grow in complexity, the on-chip communication is expected to become critical for performance, power consumption, reliability, etc. However, the dedicated wiring and bus architectures have their limitation and do not meet these requirements. For next-generation SoC design, circuit-switched and packet-switched networks delivering messages between communicating components have been proposed. Such architecture is called network-on-chip (NoC) or micronetwork.
In this thesis, we propose a scheduling scheme that efficiently schedules the connections in the switches in circuit-switched NoC architectures. The cost and latency of the switch in the circuit-switched network can be lowered down with our scheduler. Our algorithm uses three steps to solve these scheduling problems in circuit-switched networks. We translate the connection requirement table of a switch to the bandwidth requirement table with contention freedom in the first step. The second step is to assign the bandwidth requirement table with proper time slots and also calculate the waiting time in the output time slot table. And the last step is to optimize the output time slot table depend on the requirements to lower down the total waiting time in the NoC architecture. For having even more improvement in the future, we show the simulation results of the proposed algorithm to validate our ideas.
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Dias, Lino Flávio Monteiro. "Smart Switch." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/40391.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra<br>Os equipamentos electrónicos desempenham um papel extremamente importante no nosso
quotidiano. Existe cada vez mais a necessidade de realizar o mínimo esforço em actividades
diárias e rotineiras, deixando essa tarefa e gestão para sistemas inteligentes.
O trabalho realizado nesta dissertação teve como objectivo principal a criação de um
dispositivo electrónico enquadrado no âmbito da domótica, possível de controlar remotamente e
de fácil integração em circuitos convencionais já projectados e implementados.
Foi elaborado um dispositivo com um teclado de toque (touch control) que comunica via
Rádio Frequência (RF), tem a possibilidade de fazer dimming em sistemas de iluminação e
controla estores ou qualquer outra carga (resistiva ou indutiva) não superior a 400W.
Juntamente com o dispositivo foi criada uma interface com o utilizador (programada no
programa Monodevelop), aplicada a um sistema de iluminação com 2 lâmpadas que comunica
através da porta USB de um computador e que pode ser compilada em diferentes sistemas
operativos.
Foram testados experimentalmente 2 sistemas “Smart Switch” com 2 lâmpadas cada um, onde
as lâmpadas eram actuadas através da interface com o utilizador compilada para Windows.<br>Electronic devices play an extremely important role in our daily lives. There is a need to make
the minimum effort in daily and routine activities leaving this task and management for
intelligent systems.
The main goal of this dissertation was the creation of an electronic device that can be fitted in
home automation (domotics) that could be controlled remotely and be easily integrated in
conventional installations already designed and implemented.
It was designed a device with a touch control that communicates by radio frequency (RF) and
has the ability to make dimming for lighting systems and control blinds or any charges (resistive
or inductive) that not exceed 400W.
Along with the device was created a user interface (programmed with Monodevelop) applied
to a lighting system with 2 lamps that communicate by USB port of a computer and can be
compiled in several operating systems.
2 Smart Switch systems were tested with 2 lamps each controlled by the user interface
developed and compiled for Windows.
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Hsu, Teng Chieh, and 許登傑. "Development of a switched-reluctance motor drive with active power filter assisted three-phase single-switch boost switch-mode rectifier." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35740211613237191732.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>電機工程學系<br>104<br>This thesis goes into the development of switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drives powered by different kinds of AC/DC front-ends and making their experimental comparative evaluation. To begin with, the key affairs concerning SRM drive and comparative features of some commonly employed AC/DC converters are explored. Then a three-phase diode rectifier powered SRM drive is established. The asymmetric bridge converter is adopted to construct the SRM drive owing to its high PWM switching control flexibility. Through applying the proposed commutation shifting, current and speed control approaches, better driving characteristics, including acceleration/ deceleration, reversing rotation, regenerative brake and high-speed driving are achieved.
Under higher speeds, the current tracking performance will be gradually deteriorated due to the limited field-weakening effect via commutation advanced shift. The DC-link boosting must be applied instead. To accomplish this goal, some power factor corrected (PFC) AC/DC converters, or called switched-mode rectifiers (SMRs), are established and evaluated. A standard full-bridge boost SMR is first built as the active front-end of the SRM drive. With the help of this four-quadrant SMR, the boostable and well-regulated motor DC-link voltage can be established from the mains with PFC. Conversely, the stored kinetic energy can be recovered to the mains during regenerative braking operation. Next, for some specific applications without regenerative braking, a simple three-phase single-switch boost SMR is designed and implemented. Only one full-rated switch is subject to having lower line drawn power quality and slightly larger derating. Finally, an active front-end with active power filter (APF) assisted three-phase single-switch boost SMR is developed. Thanks to the inherent ability possessed by APF, good line drawn power quality is achieved. Moreover, the regenerative braking can also be accomplished. The three-phase inverter with lower rating compared to those of H-bridge SMR can be used for constructing the APF.
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FanLin and 林梵. "Electrophysiological correlates of dimension-set switch and response-modality switch." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93940167751169690097.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>心理學系認知科學碩士班<br>101<br>Task switching paradigm is widely used to investigate the cognitive control, but is almost focused on the switching of stimulus dimension or S-R mapping level. Experiment 1 is aimed to differentiate dimension-set switch and response-modality switch and to see what the pattern it is when involved switching both. We recruited 24 students ranging from 18~23 years and used high temporal resolution technique, event-related potential, to find the four task types related components.
The behavioral data shows that dimension-set switch is significantly slower than response-modality switch and double switch, and by the under-additive switch cost pattern it shows that the two task-set components have interaction. And the foot/hand responses or shape/color dimensions didn’t change the pattern.
The overall ERP evidence shows that dimension-set switch is not different from response-modality switch no matter in cue-locked, S1-locked or R1-locked interval. As we put dimension and modality into analysis, in the cue-locked interval, for hand responses, dimension-set switch cost is different from response-modality switch cost in P2 and N2 components, and for foot responses, dimension-set switch cost is different from response-modality switch cost in N1 and P2 components. In the S1-locked interval, there is difference between the two types of single switch in P3 component. In the R1-locked interval, the two single switches had reversed polarity for hand and foot responses. Therefore, from the overall data there are shared processes between dimension-set switch and response-modality switch, but there are distinct modulations between the two according to which modality responded.
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Kalyan, Ramana G. "Towards Automated Design of Toggle Switch Mechanisms." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2659.
Full textAbstract:
This work deals with addressing the issues related to design of double toggle switch mechanisms with emphasis on structural, dimensional and dynamic aspects. Currently, almost all the issues related to electrical switches are dealt from electromagnetic point of view; the operating mechanism is hardly touched. It is observed that kinematic parameters influence electrical performance of switch significantly. Therefore, there is a need to develop methodologies for supporting exploration of diverse kinematic chains (KCs) for this purpose. Visual inspection is tedious and error prone even when a complete list of design criteria is available, hence, the work presented in the thesis contributes towards automated design of toggle switch mechanisms.
In this context, in house modular kinematics data structure is found useful for using it as a tool in the design of toggle switch. Modular kinematics, typically used for kinematic analysis, works on the principle of finding the configuration of a mechanism using a given set of modules by a procedure called module sequence. This module sequence is used and interpreted in a number of ways for its effective use in various design stages. Structurally, a set of seven conditions must be satisfied by a KC to exhibit double toggle. These conditions are broadly classified into three categories: criteria for KC, function assignment criteria and criteria for stoppers. These three criteria are to be checked automatically by use of module sequence in the same order as mentioned.
In the criteria for KC, one of the conditions is that, the KC should not have fractionated degrees of freedom (d.o.f.). Hence, detection of fractionation in a KC is inevitable. In literature, is was found that the algorithms for detection operate at their worst case complexity, O(n4), and some of them do not report joint fractionation. Thus, the algorithms are not only robust but also computationally expensive. Therefore, a frugal and comprehensive method O(n2) is implemented to detect fractionation using modular kinematics. Also, inherent structural pattern embedded in fractionated KCs is hardly studied in literature. It is found that the way body and joint fractionation is defined in fractionated KCs is inconsistent. So, fractionation is interpreted as symbolic partitioning of joints and links in the traditional body and joint fractionation types respectively. Based on the number of ways of partitioning, simple and multiple types of fractionation are recognized. Valid partitions are identified using the notion of fractionating and non-fractionating subchains. Relative locations of these subchains influence distribution of d.o.f. across the fractionated KC. Conventional representation of KCs as links and joints or graphs is difficult to comprehend this distribution. For this, a novel concept of fractionation graph is introduced that gives d.o.f. distribution information and the relative locations of the constituent subchains across the KC. Modular kinematics gives a constructive description of fractionated KCs. Characterization of fractionated KCs, based on presence of multiple separation links, is introduced as order of fractionation. Uniqueness for a given order of fractionation is also justified.
After the criteria for KC, a KC is tested for feasibility for function assignment criteria. This requires recognition of active and passive subchains of the KC with respect to input and output pairs. For this, module sequence is characterized for recognition of the subchains. Based on these subchains, locations of stoppers are derived. Using this information, an algorithmic approach to assign functions (functions like spring, ground link, input link, etc.) to derive distinct driving mechanisms provided isomorphic elements (links and joints) of the KC are known beforehand, is introduced.
The design parameters influencing dimensional synthesis have been identified as dimensions of links, spring anchor points and stopper locations. Sub-problems associated with each parameter are analyzed. It is found out that optimum location of stoppers for selecting operational range of motion is necessary by taking into account the considerations of timing of switch and impact velocity. Based on the analysis, an algorithmic way to design single toggle switch mechanisms is introduced.
Timing for closing or opening of a switch is one of the critical measure that determines its performance. Timing should be as low as possible without exceeding the impact velocity at the instant contacts meet each other. Timing of a switch depends on the dimensions of the links, inertial parameters, spring stiffness etc. For a given timing for a mechanism, dynamic synthesis, in this thesis, deals with finding the inertial parameters of the links using Quinn's energy distribution method, modular kinematics, and Nelder and Mead's downhill simplex method for optimization. This thesis helps the designer to use modular kinematics as a potential automated tool to select a valid design to make the solution space more meaningful in the design of toggle switch mechanisms.
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Kalyan, Ramana G. "Towards Automated Design of Toggle Switch Mechanisms." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2659.
Full textAbstract:
This work deals with addressing the issues related to design of double toggle switch mechanisms with emphasis on structural, dimensional and dynamic aspects. Currently, almost all the issues related to electrical switches are dealt from electromagnetic point of view; the operating mechanism is hardly touched. It is observed that kinematic parameters influence electrical performance of switch significantly. Therefore, there is a need to develop methodologies for supporting exploration of diverse kinematic chains (KCs) for this purpose. Visual inspection is tedious and error prone even when a complete list of design criteria is available, hence, the work presented in the thesis contributes towards automated design of toggle switch mechanisms.
In this context, in house modular kinematics data structure is found useful for using it as a tool in the design of toggle switch. Modular kinematics, typically used for kinematic analysis, works on the principle of finding the configuration of a mechanism using a given set of modules by a procedure called module sequence. This module sequence is used and interpreted in a number of ways for its effective use in various design stages. Structurally, a set of seven conditions must be satisfied by a KC to exhibit double toggle. These conditions are broadly classified into three categories: criteria for KC, function assignment criteria and criteria for stoppers. These three criteria are to be checked automatically by use of module sequence in the same order as mentioned.
In the criteria for KC, one of the conditions is that, the KC should not have fractionated degrees of freedom (d.o.f.). Hence, detection of fractionation in a KC is inevitable. In literature, is was found that the algorithms for detection operate at their worst case complexity, O(n4), and some of them do not report joint fractionation. Thus, the algorithms are not only robust but also computationally expensive. Therefore, a frugal and comprehensive method O(n2) is implemented to detect fractionation using modular kinematics. Also, inherent structural pattern embedded in fractionated KCs is hardly studied in literature. It is found that the way body and joint fractionation is defined in fractionated KCs is inconsistent. So, fractionation is interpreted as symbolic partitioning of joints and links in the traditional body and joint fractionation types respectively. Based on the number of ways of partitioning, simple and multiple types of fractionation are recognized. Valid partitions are identified using the notion of fractionating and non-fractionating subchains. Relative locations of these subchains influence distribution of d.o.f. across the fractionated KC. Conventional representation of KCs as links and joints or graphs is difficult to comprehend this distribution. For this, a novel concept of fractionation graph is introduced that gives d.o.f. distribution information and the relative locations of the constituent subchains across the KC. Modular kinematics gives a constructive description of fractionated KCs. Characterization of fractionated KCs, based on presence of multiple separation links, is introduced as order of fractionation. Uniqueness for a given order of fractionation is also justified.
After the criteria for KC, a KC is tested for feasibility for function assignment criteria. This requires recognition of active and passive subchains of the KC with respect to input and output pairs. For this, module sequence is characterized for recognition of the subchains. Based on these subchains, locations of stoppers are derived. Using this information, an algorithmic approach to assign functions (functions like spring, ground link, input link, etc.) to derive distinct driving mechanisms provided isomorphic elements (links and joints) of the KC are known beforehand, is introduced.
The design parameters influencing dimensional synthesis have been identified as dimensions of links, spring anchor points and stopper locations. Sub-problems associated with each parameter are analyzed. It is found out that optimum location of stoppers for selecting operational range of motion is necessary by taking into account the considerations of timing of switch and impact velocity. Based on the analysis, an algorithmic way to design single toggle switch mechanisms is introduced.
Timing for closing or opening of a switch is one of the critical measure that determines its performance. Timing should be as low as possible without exceeding the impact velocity at the instant contacts meet each other. Timing of a switch depends on the dimensions of the links, inertial parameters, spring stiffness etc. For a given timing for a mechanism, dynamic synthesis, in this thesis, deals with finding the inertial parameters of the links using Quinn's energy distribution method, modular kinematics, and Nelder and Mead's downhill simplex method for optimization. This thesis helps the designer to use modular kinematics as a potential automated tool to select a valid design to make the solution space more meaningful in the design of toggle switch mechanisms.
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Gonçalves, Diogo Filipe Vieira. "Network coding switch." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/40494.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de mestrado, Engenharia Informática (Arquitetura, Sistemas e Redes de Computadores) Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019<br>O tráfego na internet está a crescer a um ritmo elevado. A ocorrência de Gargalos é, então, cada vez mais, uma ocorrência comum, resultando em atrasos no transporte de informação e em ineficiências. Isto é um problema em parte decorrente do paradigma tradicional “store and foreward”. Quando um pacote chega a um nó da rede, é armazenado numa fila de espera enquanto aguarda por uma decisão de encaminhamento. Quando existe tráfego elevado, as filas de pacotes crescem e os atrasos aumentam (assim como as perdas de pacotes). O conceito de Codificação na Rede procura oferecer um paradigma. A ideia fundamental é a seguinte: à capacidade de armazenamento e encaminhamento. Quando existe tráfego elevado, as filas de pacotes crescem e os atrasos aumentam (assim como a perda dos pacotes).O Conceito de Codificação na Rede procura oferecer uma alternativa de paradigma. A ideia fundamental é a seguinte: à capacidade de armazenamento e encaminhamento é adicionada aos nós a capacidade de combinar pacotes. Com esta Técnica é possível aumentar as taxas de transferência de informação, assim como a resiliência da rede. Para se entender melhor o conceito vajamos um exemplo. Considere um nó A e um B que comunicam através de um ponto de acesso S, num ambiente sem fios. Vejamos as transmissões necessárias para A enviar a e B, e para B enviar mensagem b para A, usando o modelo tradicional:1A envia a para S 2B envia b para S 3S faz broadcast de a para os dois nós4S faz broadcast de b para os dois nós Como se pode observar, foram necessárias quatro transmissões ao todo. Ao aplicarmos codificação na rede podemos poupar no número de transmissões da seguinte forma:1A envia a para S2B envia b para S3S combina as duas mensagens aplicando um XOR sobre elas e envia o resultado, a b, para A e BNo entanto, o exemplo demonstrado acima é um caso base de Linear Network Coding (LNC). Esta técnica de codificação consiste em dar capacidade, a cada nó da rede, de gerar novos pacotes através de combinações lineares de pacotes recebidos anteriormente, multiplicando-os por coeficientes escolhidos de um dado campo finito, sendo o mais comum de tamanho 28. Já no exemplo anterior, em que foi utilizado uma técnica de codificação através do XOR para codificar dois pacotes, o tamanho do campo finito era de 2. Sendo este, então, um caso particular.Porém, o LNC requere que os coeficientes utilizados nas combinações lineares sejam definidos e computados à prori por todos os nós da rede através de um algoritmo e de informação partilhada. Estamos, então, perante uma Limitação desta técnica que introduz um custo. Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC), uma variante da técnica de LNC, permite ultrapassar essa limitação. Isto é possível devido à sua natureza aleatória, significando que os coeficientes empregues nas combinações lineares são gerados deforma aleatória dado um certo campo finito. Esta propriedade garante com uma dada probabilidade, desde que o campo finito tenha um tamanho suficiente largo, de que as combinações lineares geradas sejam independentes entre si, com o intuito de aumentar esta probabilidade, RLNC introduz ainda a capacidade de recodificar pacotes, isto é, codificar pacotes que já foram codificados por outro nó na rede. Assim, quando o nó destinatário recebe uma quantidade suficiente de pacotes codificados que sejam linearmente independentes é possível descodificar os pacotes resolvendo as combinações lineares. Para tal, o destinatário tem de ter conhecimento dos coeficientes empregues nas combinações lineares. Então, por norma, em RLNC os coeficientes empregues nas combinações lineares. Então por norma, em RLNC os coeficientes são anexados ao cabeçalho do pacote, após a codificação deste, para que os coeficientes sejam levados até ao destinatário. Tanto a operação de codificação como de descodificação introduzem uma certa complexidade computacional proporcional ao tamanho dos dados a serem transmitidos. A técnica designada por Generation-based RLNC, permite solucionar este problema. Esta consiste em dividir em grandes quantidades de dados em blocos mais pequenos, chamados gerações. Então, tanto a operação de codificação como a de descodificação são aplicadas por geração e não na totalidade de dados. Existe uma grande quantidade de trabalho teórico relacionado com Network Coding e implementações ao nível da Camada aplicacional. No entanto, não existe nenhum trabalho concreto cujo objetivo tenha sido desenvolver e implementar uma solução de Network Coding diretamente no plano de dados da rede. Isto resulta do facto de os switches serem hardware especializado com função única, não permitindo a codificação de pacotes.Recentemente, no entanto, foram desenvolvidos switches programáveis, que removem esta restrição. Ao contrário dos switches tradicionais que são dispositivos fechados que seguem um conjunto de protocolos definidos pelo fabricante, estes switches permitem ao operador definir exatamente o processamento dos pacotes. Entretanto foi desenvolvida também uma linguagem de alto nível para programar estes novos switches programáveis, designada como P4. Em Suma, uma das limitações de todas as soluções de codificação em rede existentes prende-se com o facto de serem implementações em software. Esta Limitação é resultado de inflexibilidade dos planos de dados em hardware (switches e routers) tradicionais, que não permitem a combinação de pacotes. Nesta dissertação começamos a atacar este problema através da exploração dos novos switches em hardware programáveis, desenhando e implementando um switch que executa Random Linear Network Coding usando a versão mais recente da linguagem de programação de switches P4 (especificamente, P4_16). A avaliação da nossa solução oferece boas perspetivas para a possibilidade de deployment em hardware destas técnicas de codificação em rede, mas apresente também alguns dos desafios que permanecem em aberto para explorar em trabalho futuro.
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洪國瀛. "pHEMT Antenna Switch." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18587502090994435879.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>明新科技大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>95<br>pHEMT antenna switch has been widely used into advanced monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) for modern microwave system applications. The advantages of the AlGaAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor(pHEMT) antenna switch are low insertion loss , high isolation , and high power handling. A double pole double throw (DPDT) switch has been fabricated and tested for DC-6GHz application. The number of the gate finger is chosen as 2 , and the die area is 1278μm x 1154μm .The control voltage used for the switch is 3V. The measured insertion loss is 1.1dB at 2.45GHz. The isolation of the device is 47dB, and the power 1dB compression point (P1dB) is 30 dBm . The insertion loss is 1.1 dB , the isolation is 35dB, and P1dB is 29.5 dBm at 5.8GHz.
A typical application of the DPDT switch is for diversity antenna switching in IEEE 802.11a/b/g Wireless LAN systems. In future, the 4P4T switch will be studied for MIMO application.
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Liu, Wen-Shine, and 劉玟鑫. "Hyper-Universal Ring Switch Box and Hyper-Rearrangeable Ring Switch Network." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47331649754307710794.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>100<br>This paper explores theories on design multipoint interconnection networks, and proposes a ring switch box (RSB) design scheme which can be directly applied to field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and communication switching network designs. A switch box on an FPGA is said to be hyper-universal if it is routable for all possible surrounding multi-pin net topologies satisfying the routing resource constraints. We present new hyper-universal RSBs with four sides and w terminals on each side, which is routable for every multi-pin net-routing requirement. Our RSBs and Fan’s SB are hype-universal, but our RSBs with w >23 terminals on each side have better switch-efficiency than Fan’s switch boxes. We also give a formal analysis and extensive benchmark experiments on routability comparisons between today’s most well-known FPGA switch boxes like disjoint switch blocks (Xilinx XC4000 Type), Wilton’s switch blocks, Universal switch blocks, Fan’s switch boxes and our hyper-universal RSBs. We also present an asymmetric switch box that reduce a few switches and it is still hyper-universal. Besides, due to our hyper-universal RSBs designs are highly scalable and regular, thus it is very suitable for FPGA implementation.
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Liao, Shih-Wei, and 廖士葳. "A Study of Soft Switched Boost Converter Using A Single Switch." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29273720455720087126.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>電機工程學系<br>93<br>It has been known that conventional switching power supply has switching losses when the switch is turned on or turned off. In order to reduce switching losses, this paper uses soft switching technique. Soft switching circuit consists of a capacitor, two diodes and two inductors.
Finally, this soft switching technique can confirmed to reduce switching losses by simulation and experimental results.
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Yen-LiangLee and 李彥良. "The study of the relationships among switch benefit, switch cost and attitude toward switch in online stores – The costenefit perspective." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80102738953197681440.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>高階管理碩士在職專班<br>98<br>In the studies of Technology Acceptance Model, most prior researches explore the issue from the perceived usefulness, ease of use, attitude toward use, actual use and some extended variables. These researches are helpful for understanding user’s acceptance of new technology and the factors that affect their intension. However, to a certain extent, it can not fully explain the using intension and behavior. Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to discuss the relationship between attitude toward switch and the factors effecting their switch attitude from the cost/benefit perspective.
In sampling collection, the research uses the questionnaire survey. In total, 420 questionnaires were sent out and 200 effective questionnaires were returned with effective recovery rate 47.6%. Factor analysis, regression analysis and SEM are used to examine the hypotheses furthermore. The results of the research show that the factors of website have positive effect on the factors of switch benefit, and have negative effect on the factors of switch cost. In addition, the findings also indicate that the factors of switch benefit in online stores have positive effect on attitude toward switch and the factors of switch cost in online stores have a negative effect on attitude toward switch. Finally, attitude toward switch have significant influence on intension toward switch.
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Yeh, Yuanyi, and 葉源益. "Hydraulic Switch Micro-valve." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21141523802103460846.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>動力機械工程學系<br>90<br>In this paper, we present a novel micro valve. The micro valve is an important device of the micro fluid system. It can govern the direction and the flow rate of the fluidic flow. It can also control the process step of a chemical or bio reaction. For an active micro valve, it is often driven by heating, electrostatic, Pneumatics etc. With this novel design, the micro valve is driven by the difference of the pressure of the fluid flow. This is the first present that the driving force takes advantage of the fluid flow itself.
The micro valve contains a rotational mass and a pair of channel. With controlling the pressure of the input, we can control the mass rotation among three different angles. The three different angles determine the three kinds of transmission modes. From this, we can switch the fluid between the pair of channel.
This micro valve is fabricated by bulk micromachining. We etch the profile of the rotational mass and the channels by ICP technique. Next step, release the rotational mass in order to rotate freely. Finally, bond the silicon wafer and the Pyrex no. 7740 by anodic bonding technique.
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Chen, Chien-haur, and 陳建豪. "ATM Switch Firmware Design." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11235411048320047708.
Full text
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Jiang, Wei-Rong, and 江偉榮. "ATM Switch Hardware Design." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46469827654673293512.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>88<br>Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a transfer technology that combines the advantages of circuit switching and flexibility of packet switching. It is possible for ATM to transmit almost all kinds of services. ATM switch is a key element for ATM network. It switches cells from end to end by specified VPI/VCI. In this Thesis, we have designed an ATM switch with PVC and SVC capability. A prototype of ATM switch motherboard and line interface module was created and some tests were performed.